BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO TRNG AI HOC DAN LAP KY THUAT CONG NGHE KHOA : IEN T VIEN THONG

E TAI :

O AN MON HOC
THIET KE-THI CONG MACH IEU KHIEN NHIET O

Sinh vien thc hien : Nguyen Quang Hieu. Lp : 97T04 MSSV 97T890

LI NOI AU
Ky thuat vi s ly hien nay rat phat trien , no c ng dung vao rat nhieu lnh vc nh san xuat cong nghiep ,t ong hoa va con nhieu lnh vc khac na . So vi ky thuatso th ky thuat vi s ly nho gon hn rat nhieu do no c tch hp lai va c lap trnh e ieu khien . Vi tnh u viet cua vi x ly th trong pham vi o an nho nay em ch tien hanh viec dung vi x ly e o va ieu khien nhiet o , ay ch la mot ng dung nho cua vi x ly trong cac ng dung cua no . Nhng kien thc hoc c cong them hieu biet t cac tai lieu tham khao , tuy co the hoan thanh cuon o an nay nhng khong the tranh khoi nhieu thieu sot mong thay giao khi xem cuon o an nay co the thong cam. e hoan thanh cuon o an nay em a nhan c s ch bao tan tnh cua thay giao hng dan va s giup nhiet tnh cua ban be . Cuoi cung em xin cam n thay hng dan Pham Hung Kim Khanh ,thay giao mon vi x ly va cac thay co giao a day cho em nhng kien thc c ban e em co the hoan thanh cuon o an nay. Sinh vien thc hien Nguyen Quang Hieu.

PHAN A : C S LY THUYET
Chng 1:

GII THIEU CHUNG VE BO VI IEU KHIEN

I.GII THIEU : Bo vi ieu khien viet tat la Micro-controller, la mach tch hp tren mot chip co the lap trnh c, dung e ieu khien hoat ong cua mot he thong. Theo cac tap lenh cua ngi lap trnh, bo vi ieu khien tien hanh oc, lu tr thong tin, x ly thong tin, o thi gian va tien hanh ong m mot c cau nao o. Trong cac thieh b ien va ien va ien t dan dung, cac bo vi ieu khien, ieu khien hoat ong cua TV, may giat, au oc laser, ien thoai, lo vi-ba Trong he thong san xuat t ong, bo vi ieu khien c s dung trong Robot, day chuyen t ong. Cac he thong cang thong minh th vai tro cua he vi ieu khien cang quan trong. II.KHAO SAT BO VI IEU KHIEN 8051 VA 8031: IC vi ieu khien 8051/8031 thuoc ho MCS51 co cac at iem sau : - 4kbyte ROM (c lap trnh bi nha san xuat ch co 8051) - 128 buyt RAM - 4port I/0 8bit - Hai bo nh thi 16bit - Giao tiep noi tiep - 64KB khong gian bo nh chng trnh m rong - 64 KB khong gian bo nh d lieu m rong - mot bo x l luan l (thao tac tren cac bit n) - 210 bit c a ch hoa - bo nhan / chia 4s

1.CAU TRUC BEN TRONG CUA 8051 / 8031 :

INT\*1 INT\*0 TIMER2 TIMER1 PORT noi tiep ieu khien ngat Cac thanh ghi khac 128 byte Ram Rom 4K-8051 OK-8031 Timer1 Timer2 T1* T2*

CPU

Tao dao

ieu khien bus

I\O

Cac port

Port noi tiep

EA\ RST PSEN ALE

P0 P1

P2

P3 TXD* RXD*

Hnh 2.1 : S o Khoi 8051 / 8031

Phan chnh cua vi ieu khien 8051 / 8031 la bo x l trung tam (CPU: central processing unit ) bao gom : - Thanh ghi tch luy A - Thanh ghi tch luy phu B, dung cho phep nhan va phep chia - n v logic hoc (ALU : Arithmetic Logical Unit ) - T trang thai chng trnh (PSW : Prorgam Status Word) - Bon bang thanh ghi - Con tro ngan xep - Ngoai ra con co bo nh chng trnh, bo giai ma lenh, bo ieu khien thi gian va logic. n v x l trung tam nhan trc tiep xung t bo giao ong, ngoai ra con co kha nang a mot tn hieu gi nhp t ben ngoai. Chng trnh ang chay co the cho dng lai nh mot khoi ieu khien ngat ben trong. Cac nguon ngat co the la : cac bien co ben ngoai , s tran bo em nh thi hoac cung co the la giao dien noi tiep. Hai bo nh thi 16 bit hoat ong nh mot bo em. Cac cong (port0, port1, port2, port3 ). S dung vao muc ch ieu khien. cong 3 co them cac ng dan ieu khien dung e trao oi vi mot bo nh ben ngoai, hoac e au noi giao dien noi tiep, cung nh cac ng ngat dan ben ngoai. Giao dien noi tiep co cha mot bo truyen va mot bo nhan khong ong bo, lam viec oc lap vi nhau. Toc o truyen qu ong noi tiep co the at trong vay rong va c an nh bang mot bo nh thi. Trong vi ieu khien 8051 / 8031 co hai thanh phan quan trong khac o la bo nh va cac thanh ghi : Bo nh gom co bo nh Ram va bo nh Rom (ch co 8031) dung e lu tr d lieu va ma lenh. Cac thanh ghi s dung e lu tr thong tin trong qua trnh x l. Khi CPU lam viec no lam thay oi noi dung cu ac thanh ghi.

2.CHC NANG CAC CHAN VI IEU KHIEN :

30p 12MHz 30p

40 19 XTAL1 18 XTAL2

Vcc

29 30 31 9 RD\ WR\ T1 T0 INT1 INT0 TXD RXD 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

PSEN\ ALE EA\ RET

Po.7 Po.6 Po.5 Po.4 Po.3 Po.2 Po.1 Po.0 P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4 P2.3 P2.2 P2.1 P2.0 P1.7 P1.6 P1.5 P1.4 P1.3 P1.2 P1.1 P1.0

32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0

Vss 20

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8

Hnh 2.2 : S o Chan 8051

a.port0 : la port co 2 chc nang tren chan t 32 en 39 trong cac thiet ke c nho ( khong dung bo nh m rong ) co hai chc nang nh cac ng I/O. oi vi cac thiet ke c ln ( vi bo nh m rong ) no c ket hp kenh gi a cac bus) b.port1 : port1 la mot port I/O tren cac chan 1-8. Cac chan c ky hieu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2 co the dung cho cac thiet b ngoai neu can. Port1 khong co chc nang khac, v vay chung ta ch c dung trong giao tiep vi cac thiet b ngoai. c.port2 : port2 la mot port cong dung kep tren cac chan 21 28 c dung nh cac ng xuat nhap hoac la byte cao cua bus a ch oi vi cac thiet ke dung bo nh m rong. d.Port3 : port3 la mot port cong dung kep tren cac chan 10 17. Cac chan cua port nay co nhieu chc nang, cac cong dung chuyen oi co lien he vi cac ac tn ac biet cua 8051 / 8031 nh bang sau : Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Ten RXD TXD INTO INT1 TO T1 WR RD Chc nang chuyen oi D lieu nhan cho port noi tiep D lieu phat cho port noi tiep Ngat 0 ben ngoai Ngat 1 ben ngoai Ngo vao cua timer/counter 0 Ngo vao cua timer/counter 1 Xung ghi bo nh d lieu ngoai Xung oc bo nh d lieu ngoai

Bang 2.1 : Chc nang cua cac chan tren port3 e.PSEN (Program Store Enable ) : 8051 / 8031 co 4 tn hieu ieu khien

PSEN la tn hieu ra tren chan 29. No la tn hieu ieu khien e cho phep bo nh chng trnh m rong va thng c noi en chan OE (Output Enable) cua mot EPROM e cho phep oc cac bytes ma lenh. PSEN se mc thap trong thi gian lay lenh. Cac ma nh phan cua chng trnh c oc t EPROM qua bus va c chot vao thanh ghi lenh cua 8051 e giai ma lenh. Khi thi hanh chng trnh trong ROM noi (8051) PSEN se mc thu ong (mc cao). f.ALE (Address Latch Enable ) : tn hieu ra ALE tren chan 30 tng hp vi cac thiet b lam viec vi cac x l 8585, 8088, 8086, 8051 dung ALE mot cach tng t cho lam viec giai cac kenh cac bus a ch va d lieu khi port 0 c dung trong che o chuyen oi cua no : va la bus d lieu va la buyt thap cua a ch, ALE la tn hieu e chot a ch vao mot thanh ghi ben ngoai trong na au cua chu ky bo nh. Sau o, cac ng port 0 dung e xuat hoac nhap d lieu trong na sau chu ky cua bo nh. Cac xung tn hieu ALE co toc o bang 1/6 lan tan so dao ong tren chip va co the c dung la nguon xung nhp cho cac he thong. Neu xung tren 8051 la 12MHz th ALE co tan so 2MHz. Ch ngoai tr khi thi hanh lenh MOVX, mot xung ALE se b mat. Chan nay cung c lam ngo vao cho xung lap trnh cho EPROM trong 8051. g.EA (External Access) : Tn hieu vao EA tren chan 31 thng c mac len mc cao (+5V) hoac mc thap (GND). Neu mc cao, 8051 thi hanh chng trnh t ROM noi trong khoang a ch thap (4K). Neu mc thap, chng trnh ch c thi hanh t bo nh m rong. Khi dung 8031, EA luon c noi mc thap v khong co bo nh chng trnh tren chip. Neu EA c noi mc thap bo nh ben trong chng trnh 8051 se b cam va chng trnh thi hanh t EPROM m rong. Ngi ta con dung chan EA lam chan cap ien ap 21V khi lap trnh cho EPROM trong 8051. h.SRT (Reset) : Ngo vao RST tren chan 9 la ngo reset cua 8051. Khi tn hieu nay c a len muc cao (trong t nhat 2 chu ky may ), cac thanh ghi trong 8051 c tai nhng gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong. i.Cac ngo vao bo dao ong tren chip : Nh a thay trong cac hnh tren , 8051 co mot bo dao ong tren chip. No thng c noi vi thach anh gia hai chan 18 va 19. Cac tu gia cung can thiet nh a ve. Tan so thach anh thong thng la 12MHz.

j.Cac chan nguon : 8051 van hanh vi nguon n +5V. Vcc c noi vao chan 40 va Vss (GND) c noi vao chan 20.

3_ Cac thanh ghi ac biet :

a. Cac thanh ghi port xuat nhap: Cac port cua 8051/8031 bao gom Port 0 a ch 80H, Port 1 a ch 90 H, Port 2 a ch A0H va Port 3 a ch B0H. Tat ca cac Port eu c a ch hoa tng bit. ieu o cung cap mot kha nang giao tiep thuan li. b. Cac thanh ghi timer: 8051/8031 cha 2 bo nh thi em 16 bit c dung trong viec nh thi hoac em s kien. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0:byte thap) va 8CH (TH0:byte cao).Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL1:byte thap) va 8DH (TH1: byte cao). viec van hanh timer c set bi thanh ghi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H va thanh ghi ieu khien timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Ch co TCON c a ch hoa tng bit. c. Cac thanh ghi port noi tiep: 8051/8031 chc mot port noi tiep tren chip danh cho viec trao oi thong tin vi cac thiet b noi tiep nh may tnh, modem hoac cho viec giao tiep vi cac IC khac co giao tiep noi tiep (co bo chuyen oi A/D, cac thanh ghi dch..). Mot thanh ghi goi la bo em d lieu noi tiep (SBUF) a ch 99H sse gi ca hai gi lieu truyen va nhan. Khi truyen d lieu th ghi len SBUf, khi nhan d lieu th oc SBUF. Cac mode van hanh khac nhau c lap trnh qua thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON) (c a ch hoa tng bit) a ch 98H. d. Cac thanh ghi ngat: 8051/8031 co cau truc 5 nguon ngat, 2 mc u tien. Cac ngat b cam sau khi reset he thong va se c cho phep bang viec ghi thanh ghi cho phep ngat (IE) a ch 8AH. Ca hai thanh ghi c a ch hoa tng bit. e. Cac thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat: Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat (PCON) a ch 87H cha nhieu bit ieu khien.

4/. Lenh reset. 8051/8031 c reset bang cach gi chan RST mc cao t nhat trong 2 chu ky may va tra no ve muc thap. RST co the c kch khi cap ien dung mot mach R-C.
+5V +5V 10UF 100

8,2K

Hnh 2.9: Mach reset he thong.

Trang thai cua tat ca cac thanh ghi cua 8051/8031 sau khi reset he thong c tom tat trong bang sau: Thanh ghi em chng trnh Tch luy B PSW SP DPTR Port 0-3 IP IE Cac thanh ghi nh thi SCON
10

Noi dung 0000H 00H 00H 00H 07H 0000H FFH XXX00000B 0XX00000B 00H 00H

SBUF PCON(HMOS) PCON(CMOS)

00H 0XXXXXXB 0XXX0000B

Bang 2.3: Trang thai cac thanh ghi sau khi reset Quan trong nhat trong cac thanh ghi tren la thanh ghi em chng trnh, no c at lai 0000H. Khi RST tr lai mc thap, viec thi hanh chng trnh luon bat au a ch au tien trong bo nh trong chng trnh: a ch 0000H. Noi dung cua RAM tren chip khong b thay oi bi lenh reset. 5. Hoat ong cua bo nh thi (timer) 5.1 Gii thieu. Mot nh ngha n gian cua timer la mot chuoi cac flip-flop chia oi tan so noi tiep vi nhau, chung nhan tn hieu vao lam nguon xung nhp. Ngo ra cua tan so cuoi lam nguon xung nhp cho flip-flop bao tran cua timer (flip-flop c). Gia tr nh phan trong cac flip-flop cua timer co the xem nh so em so xung nhp (hoac cac s kien) t khi khi ong timer. V du timer 16 bit se em len t 0000H en FFFFH. C bao tran se len 1 khi so em tran t FFFFH en 0000H. 8051/8031 co 2 timer 16 bit, moi timer co bon cach lam viec. Ngi ta s dung cac timer e : a) nh khoang thi gian, b) em s kien hoac c) tao toc o baud cho port noi tiep trong 8051/8031.

Trong cac ng dung nh khoang thi gian, ngi ta lap trnh timer mot khoang eu an va at c tran timer. C c dung e ong bo hoa chng trnh e thc hien mot tac ong nh kiem tra trang thai cua cac ca ngo vao hoac gi cac s kien ra cac ngo ra. Cac ng dung khac co the s dung viec tao xung nhp eu an cua timer e o thi gian troi qua gia hai s kien (v du : o o rong xung). em s kien dung e xac nh so lan xay ra cua mot s kien. Mot s kien la bat c tac ong ngoai nao co the cung cap mot chuyen trang thai tren mot chan cua 8051/8031. Cac timer cung co the cung cap xung nhp toc o baud cho port noi tiep trong 8051/8031.

11

Truy xuat timer cua 8051/8031 dung 6 thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho trong bang sau:

SFR TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1

MUC CH ieu khien timer Che o timer Byte thap cua timer 0 Byte thap cua timer 1 Byte cao cua timer 0 Byte cao cua timer 1

A CH 88H 89H 8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH

a ch hoa tng bit Co Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong

Bang 2.4: Thanh ghi chc nang ac biet dung timer.

5.2 Thanh ghi che o timer (TMOD) Thanh ghi TMOD cha hai nhom 4 bit dung e at che o lam viec cho timer 0 va timer 1. Bit Ten Timer Mo ta 7 GATE 1 Bit (M) cong, khi len 1 timer ch chay khi INT1 mc cao. 6 C/T 1 Bit chon che o counter/timer 1=bo em s kien 0=bo nh khoang thi gian 5 M1 1 Bit 1 cua che o(mode) 4 M0 1 Bit 0 cua che o 00: che o 0 : timer 13 bit

12

3 2 1 0

GATE C/T M1 M0

0 0 0 0

01: che o 1 : timer 16 bit 10: che o 2 : t ong nap lai 8255A bit 11: che o 3 : tach timer Bit (m) cong Bit chon counter/timer Bit 1 cua che o Bit 0 cua che o Bang 2.5: Tom tat thanh ghi TMOD

5.3 Thanh ghi ieu khien timer (TCON) Thanh ghi TCON cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien cho timer 0 va timer 1. Bit TCON.7 Ky hieu TF1 8FH a ch Mo ta C bao tran timer 1. at bi phan cng khi tran, c xoa bi phan mem hoac phan cng khi bo x ly ch en chng trnh phuc vu ngat. Bit ieu khien timer 1 chay. at/xoa bang phan mem cho timer chay/ngng. C bao tran timer 0

TCON.6 TCON.5
13

TR1 TF0

8EH 8DH

TCON.4 TCON.3 TCON.2

TR0 IE1 IT1

8CH 8BH 8AH

TCON.1 TCON.0

IE0 IT0

89H 88H

Bit ieu khien timer 0 chay C canh ngat 1 ben ngoai, ac bi C kieu ngat mot ben ngoai. phan cng khi phat hien mot canh xuong INT1, xoa bang phan mem hoac phan cng khi CPU ch en chng trnh phuc vu ngat. at/xoa bang phan mem e ngat ngoai tch cc canh xuong/mc thap C canh ngat 0 ben ngoai C kieu ngat 0 ben ngoai

Bang 2.6: Tom tat thanh ghi TCON 5. 4 Cac che o timer. a) Che o 0, che o timer 13 bit. e tng thch vi 8048 (co trc 8051) Ba bit cao cua TLX (TL0 va/hoac TL1) khong dung TLx (5 bit) THx (8 bit) TFx

Xung nhp timer

C bao tran

mem.

b) Che o 1- che o timer 16 bit. Hoat ong nh timer 16 bit ay u. C bao tran la bit TFx trong TCON co the oc hoac ghi bang pham

MSB cua gia tr trong cac thanh ghi timer la bit 7 cua THx va LBS la bit 0 cua TLx. Cac thanh ghi timer (Tlx/THx) co the c oc hoac ghi bat c luc nao bang pham mem.

Xung nhp timer

TLx (5 bit)

THx (8 bit)

TFx

C bao tran

14

c) Che o 0- che o t ong nap lai 8 bit. TLx hoat ong nh mot timer 8 bit, trong khi o THx van gi nguyen gia tr c nap. Khi so em tran t FFH en 00H, khong nhng c timer c set ma gia tr trong THx ong thi c nap vao TLx. Viec em tiep tuc t gia tr nay len en FFH xuong 00H va nap lai... che o nay rat thong dung v s tran timer xay ra trong nhng khoang thi gian nhat nh va tuan hoan mot khi a khi ong TMOD va THx. TLx (8 bit) TFx

Xung nhp timer

Nap lai THx (8 bit)

C bao tran

d) Che o 3- che o tach timer Timer 0 tach thanh hai timer 8 bit (TL0 va TH0), TL0 co c bao tran la TF0 va TH0 co c bao tran la TF1. Timer 1 ngng che o 3, nhng co the c khi ong bang cach chuyen sang che o khac. Gii han duy nhat la c bao tran TF1 khong con b tac ong khi timer 1 b tran v no a c noi ti TH0. Khi timer 0 che o 3, co the cho timer 1 chay va ngng bang cach chuyen no ra ngoai va vao che o 3. No van co the c s dung bi port noi tiep nh bo tao toc o baund hoac no co the c s dung bang bat c cach nao khong can ngat (v no khong con c noi vi TF1).

Xung nhp Timer Xung nhp Timer

TL1

TH1

TL0

TF0

15

TH0

TF1

C bao tran I/12 Fosc C bao tran

5.5 Nguon tao xung nhp. Co hai nguon tao xung nhp co the co, chon bang cach ghi vao bit C/T (counter/timer) trong TMOD khi khi ong timer. Mot nguon tao xung nhp dung cho nh khoang thi gian, cai khac cho em s kien. On chip Osillato r

Crytal

12

Timer Clock

T0 or T1 pin

0=Up (Internal Timing) 1=Down (Event Counting) Nguon xung tao nhp

C/T

- nh khoang thi gian (interval timing) Neu C/T =0 hoa t ong timer lien tuc c chon va timer c dung cho viec nh khoang thi gian. Luc o, timer lay xung nhp t bo dao ong tren chip. Bo chia 12 c them vao e giam tan so xung nhp en gia tr thch hp cho phan ln cac ng dung. Nh vay thach anh 12 MHz se cho toc o xung nhp timer 1 MHz. Boa tran timer xay ra sau mot so (co ng) xung nhp, phu thuoc vao gia tr ban au c nap vao cac thanh ghi timer TLx/THx. - em s kien (Event counting) - Neu C/T=1, timer lay xung nhp t nguon ben ngoai. Trong hau het cac ng dung nguon ben ngoai nay cung cap cho timer mot xung kh xay ra mot s kien , timer dung em s kien c xac nh bang phan mem bang cach oc cac thanh ghi TLx/THx v gia tr 16 bit trong cac thanh ghi nay tang them 1 cho moi s kien.

16

Nguon xung nhp ngoai co t thay oi chu7c nang cua cac chan port 3. Bit 4 cua port 3 (P3.4) dung lam ngo vao tao xung nhp ben trong timer 0 va c goi la T0. Va p3.5 hay T1 la ngo vao tao xung nhp cho timer 1. 5.6 Bat au dng va ieu khien cac timer. Phng phap mi n gian nhat e bat au (cho chay) va dng cac timer la dung cac bit ieu khien chay :TRx trong TCON, TRx b xoa sau khi reset he thong. Nh vay, cac timer theo mac nhien la b cam (b dng). TRx c at len 1 bang phan mem e cho cac timer chay. Xung nhp Timer

Cac thanh ghi timer 0=len : timer dng 1=xuong : timer chay

TRx

Cho chay va dng timer V TRx trong thanh ghi TCON co a ch bit, nen de dang cho viec ieu khien cac timer trong chng trnh. V du : cho timer 0 chay bang lenh : SETB TR0 va dng bang lenh SETB TR0 Trnh bien dch se thc hien viec chuyen oi ky hieu can thiet t TR0 sang a ch bit ung. SETB TR0 chnh xac giong nh SETB 8CH. 5.7 Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi timer. Thong thng cac thanh ghi c khi ong mot lan au chng trnh e at che o lam viec cho ung. Sau o trong than chng trnh cac timer c cho chay, dng , cac bit c c kiem tra va xoa, cac thanh ghi timer c oc va cap nhat... theo oi hoi cua cac ng dung. TMOD la thanh ghi th nhat c khi ong v no at che o hoat ong. V du cac lenh sau khi khi ong timer 1 nh timer 16 bit (che o 1) co xung nhp t bo dao ong tren chp cho viec ng khoang thi gian. MOV TMOD,#00010000B Lenh nayy se at M1=0 va M0=1 cho che o 1, C/T=0 va GATE=0 cho xung nhp noi va xoa cac bit che o timer 0. D nhien timer that s khong bat au nh thi cho en khi bit ieu khien chayy TR1 c at len 1. Neu can so em ban au, cac thanh ghi timer TL1/TH1 cung phai c khi ong. Nh lai la cac timer em len va at c bao tran khi co s truyen tiep. FFFFH sang 0000H. - oc timer ang chay.

17

Trong mot so ng dung can oc gia tr trong cac thanh ghi timer ang chay. V phai oc 2 thanh ghi timer sai pha co the xay ra neu byte thap tran vao byte cao gia hai lan oc. Gia tr co the oc c khong ung. Giai phap la oc byte cao trc, ke o oc byte thap roi oc byte cao lai mot lan na. Neu byte cao a thay oi th lap lai cac hoat ong oc. 5.8 Cac khoang ngan va cac khoang dai. Day cac khoang thi gian co the nh thi la bao nhieu ? van e nay c khao sat vi 8051/8031 hoat ong vi tan so 12MHz. nh vay xung nhp cua cac timer co tan so la 1 MHz. Khoang thi gian ngan nhat co the co b gii han khong ch bi tan so xung nhp cua timer ma con bi phan mem. Do anh hng cua thi khoang thc hien mot lenh. Leng ngan nhat 8051/8031 la mot chu ky may hay 1s. Sau ay la bang tom tat cac ky thuat e tao nhng khoang thi gian co chieu dai khac nhau (vi gia s xung nhp cho 8051/8031 co tan so 12 MHz) Khoang thi gian toi a Ky thuat 10 - Bang phan mem 256 - Timer 8 bit vi t ong nap lai 65535 - Timer 16 bit Khong gii han - Timer 16 bit cong vi cac vong lap phan mem Cac ky thuat e lap trnh cac khoang thi gian (FOSC=12 MHz)

6. Hoat ong port noi tiep. 6.1. Gii thieu. 8051/8031 co mot port noi tiep trong chip co the hoat ong nhieu che o khac tren mot day tan so rong. Chc nang chu yeu cua mot port noi tiep la thc hien chuyen oi song song sang noi tiep vi d lieu xuat va chuyen oi noi tiep sang song song vi d lieu nhap. Truy xuat phan cng en port noi tiep qua cac chan TXD va RXD. Cac chan nay co cac chc nang khac vi hai bit cua port 3. P3 chan 11 (TXD) va P3.0 chan 10 (RXD). Port noi tiep cho hoat ong song cong (full duplex : thu va phat ong thi) va em luc thu (receiver buffering) cho phep mot ky t se c thu va c gi trong khi ky t th hai c nhan. Neu CPU oc ky t th nhat trc khi ky t th hai c thu ay u th d lieu se khong b mat.
18

Hai thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho phep phan mem truy xuat en port noi tiep la : SBUF va SCON. Bo em port noi tiep (SBUF) ai ch 99H that s la hai bo em. Viet vao SBUF e truy xuat d lieu thu c. ay la hai thanh ghi rieng biet thanh ghi ch ghi e phat va thanh ghi e thu. TXD (P3.1) RXD (P3.0) CLK SUBF (Ch ghi)

Thanh ghi dch

Xung nhp toc o baud (thu)

CLK Xung nhp toc o baud (thu)

SBUF (ch oc) SBUF (ch oc)

BUS noi 8051/8031 Hnh 2.9: S o port noi tiep. Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H la thanh ghi co a ch bit cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien. Cac bit ieu khien at che o hoat ong cho port noi tiep, va cac bit trang thai bao cao ket thuc viec phat hoac thu ky t. Cac bit trang thai co the c kiem tra bang phan mem hoac co the c lap trnh e tao ngat. Tan so lam viec cua port noi tiep con goi la toc o baund co the co nh (lay t bo giao ong cua chip). Neu s dung toc o baud thay oi, timer 1 se cung cap xung nhp toc o baud va phai c lap trnh. 6.2 Thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep. Che o hoat ong cua port noi tiep c at bang cach ghi vao thanh ghi che o port noi tiep (SCON) a ch 98H. Sau ay cac bang tom tat thanh ghi SCON va cac che o cua port noi tiep :

19

Bit SCON.7 SCON.6 SCON.5

Ky hieu SM0 SM1 SM2

a ch 9FH 9EH 9DH

SCON.4 SCON.3

REN TB8

9CH 9BH

SCON.2 SCON.1

RB8 TI

9AH 99H

SCON.0

RI

98H

Mo ta Bit 0 cua che o port noi tiep Bit 1 cua che o port noi tiep Bit 2 cua che o 2 noi tiep. cho phep truen thong a x ly trong cac che o 2 va 3 ;RI se khong b tac ong neu bit th 9 thu c la 0 Cho phep bo thu phai at len 1 e thu (nhan) cac ky t Bit 8 phat, bit th 9 c phat cac che o 2 va 3; c at va xoa bang phan mem Bit 8 thu, bit th 9 thu c C ngat phat. at len 1 khi ket thuc phat ky t; c xoa phan mem C ngat thu. at len 1 khi Ket thuc thu ky t; c xoa Bang phan mem

Bang 2.7:Tom tat thanh ghi che o port noi tiep SCON.

SM0 0 0 1 Fosc/64) 1

SM1 0 1 0 1

Che o 0 1 2 3

Mo ta Thanh ghi dch UART 8 bit UART 9 bit UART 9 bit

Toc o baud Co nh (Fosc/12) Thay oi (at bang timer) Co nh (Fosc/12 hoac Thay oi (at bang timer)

Bang 2.8: Cac che o port noi tiep. Trc khi s dung port noi tiep, phai khi ong SCON cho ung che o. V du ,lenh sau:

20

MOV SCON,#01010010B Khi ong port noi tiep cho che o 1 (SM0/SM1=0/1), cho phep bo thu (REN=1) va at c ngat phat (TP=1) e ch bo phat san sang hoat ong. 6.3 Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi cong noi tiep. a. Cho phep thu: Bit cho phep bo thu (REN = Receiver Enable) trong SCON phai c at len 1 bang phan mem e cho phep thu cac ky t. Thong thng thc hien viec nay au chng trnh khi khi ong cong noi tiep, timer...Co the thc hien viec nay theo hai cach. Lenh : SETB REN Se at REN len 1, hoac lenh : MOV SCON,#xxx1xxxxB Se at REN 1 va ac hoac xoa i cac bit khac tren SCON khi can (cac x phai la 0 hoac 2 e ac che o lam viec). b. Bit d lieu th 9: Bit d lieu th 9 can phat trong cac che o 2 va 3, phai c nap vao trong TB8 bang phan mem. Bit d lieu th 9 thu c at RBS. Phan mem co the can hoac khong can bit d lieu th 9, phu thuoc vao cac ac tnh ky thuat cua thiet b noi tiep s dung (bit d lieu th 9 cung ong vai mot tro quan trong trong truyen thong a x ly). c. Them 1 bit parity: Thng s dung bit d lieu th 9 e them parity vao ky t. Nh a xet cac chng trc, pit P trong t trang thai chng trnh (PSW) c at len 1 hoac b xoa bi chu ky may e thiet lap kiem tra chan vi 8 bit trong thanh tch luy. d. Cac c ngat: Hai c ngat thu va phat (RI va TI) trong SCON ong mot vai tro quan trong truyen thong noi tiep dung 8051/8031. Ca hai bit c at len 1 bang phan cng, nhng phai c xoa bang phan mem. 6.4 . Toc o baud port noi tiep. Nh a noi, toc o baud co nh cac che o 0 va 2. Trong che o 0 no luon luon la tan so dao ong tren chip c chia cho 12 . Thong thng thach anh an nh tan so dao ong tren chip cua 8051/8031 nhng cung co the s dung nguon xung nhp khac. Gia s vi tan so dao ong danh nh la 12 MHz, tm toc o baud che o 0 la 1 MHz.

21

Dao ong tren chip

12 a. Che o 0 64

Xung nhp toc o baud

Dao ong tren chip 32 b. Che o 2

SMOD=0

Xung nhp toc o baud

SMOD=1

32 Dao ong tren chip 16 16

SMOD=0

SMOD=1

Xung nhp toc o baud

c. Che o 1 va 3. Hnh 2.10. Cac nguon tao xung nhp cho port noi tiep. Mac nhien, sau khi reset he thong, toc o baud che o la 2 tan so bo dao ong chia cho 64. Toc o baud cung anh hng bi 1 bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien nguon cung cap (PCON). Bit 7 cua PCON la bit SMOD. at bit sMOD len mot lam gap oi toc o baud trong che o 1,2 va 3. Trong che o 2, toc o baud co the b gap oi t gia tr mac nhien cua 1/64 tan so dao ong (SMOD=0) en 1/32 tan so dao ong (SMOD=1) V PCON khong c nh a ch theo bit, nen e at bit SMOD len 1 can phai theo cac lenh sau: MOV A,PCON lay gia tr hien thi cua PCON SETB ACC.7 at bit 7 (SMOD) len 1 MOV PCON,A ghi gia tr ngc ve PCON Cac toc o baud trong cac che o 1 va 3 c xac nh bang toc o tran cua timer 1. V timer hoat ong tan so tng oi cao, tran timer c chia
22

them cho 32 (hay 16 neu SMOD=1) trc khi cung cap xung nhp toc o baud cho port noi tiep. 7. Tap lenh cua 8051/8031. Tap lenh 8051/8031 co 255 lenh gom 139 lenh 1 byte, 92 lenh 2 byte va 24 lenh 3 byte. 7.1/ Cac nhom lenh cua 8051/8031. Tap lenh cua 8051/8031 c chia thanh 5 nhom: - So hoc. - Luan ly. - Chuyen d lieu. - Chuyen ieu khien. Cac chi tiet thiet lap lenh: Rn :Thanh ghi R0 en R7 cua bank thanh ghi c chon. Data : 8 bit a ch vung d lieu ben trong. No co the la vung RAM d lieu trong (0-127) hoac cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet. @Ri : 8 bit vung RAM d lieu trong (0-125) c anh gia a ch gian tiep qua thanh ghi R0 hoac R1. #data : Hang 8 bit chc trong cau lenh. #data 16 : Hang 16 bit cha trong cau lenh. Addr16 : 16 bit a ch ch c dung trong lenh LCALL va LJMP. Addr11 : 11 bit a ch ch c dung trong lenh LCALL va AJMP. Rel : Byte offset 8 bit co dau c dung trong lenh SJMP va nhng lenh nhay co ieu kien. Bit : Bit c nh a ch trc tiep trong RAM d lieu noi hoac cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet. a. Nhom lenh x ly so hoc: ADD A,Rn (1byte, 1 chu ky may) : cong noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A. ADD A,data (2,1): Cong trc tiep 1 byte vao thanh ghi A. ADD A,@Ri (1,1): Cong gian tiep noi dung RAM cha tai a ch c khai bao trong Ri vao thanh ghi A. ADD A,#data (2,1):Cong d lieu tc thi vao A. ADD A,Rn (1,1): Cong thanh ghi va c nh vao A. ADD A,data (2,1): Cong trc tiep byte d lieu va c nh vao A. ADDC A,@Ri (1,1): Cong gian tiep noi dung RAM va c nh vao A. ADDC A,#data (2,1): Cong d lieu tc thi va c nh vao A. SUBB A,Rn (1,1): Tr noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung thanh ghi Rn va c nh.
23

SUBB A,data SUBB A,@Ri SUBB A,#data INC A INC Rn INC data INC @Ri DEC A DEC Rn DEC data DEC @Ri INC DPTR MUL AB DIV AB DA A

(2,1): Tr trc tiep A cho mot so va c nh. (1,1): Tr gian tiep A cho mot so va c nh. (2,1): Tr noi dung A cho mot so tc thi va c nh. (1,1): Tang noi dung thanh ghi A len 1. (1,1): Tang noi dung thanh ghi Rn len 1. (2,1): Tang d lieu trc tiep len 1. (1,1): Tang gian tiep noi dung vung RAM len 1. (1,1): Giam noi dung thanh ghi A xuong 1. (1,1): Giam noi dung thanh ghi Rn xuong 1. (2,1): Giam d lieu trc tiep xuong 1 (1,1): Giam gian tiep noi dung vung RAM xuong 1. (1,2): Tang noi dng con tro d lieu len 1. (1,4): Nhan noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi B. (1,4): Chia noi dung thanh ghi A cho noi dung thanh ghi B. (1,1,): hieu chnh thap phan thanh ghi A.

b. Nhom lenh luan ly: ANL A,Rn (1,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn. ANL A,data (2,1):AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu trc tiep. ANL A,@Ri (1,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi A vi d lieu gian tiep trong RAM. ANL A,#data (2,1): AND noi dung thanh ghi vi d lieu tc thi. ANL data,A (2,1): AND mot d lieu trc tiep vi A. ANL data,#data (3,2): AND mot d lieu trc tiep vi A mot d lieu tc thi. ANL C,bit (2,2):AND c nh vi 1 bit trc tiep. ANL C,/bit (2,2): AND c nh vi bu 1 bit trc tiep. ORL A,Rn (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn. ORL A,data (2,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu trc tiep. ORL A,@Ri (1,1): OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu gian tiep. ORL A,#data (2,1):OR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu tc thi. ORL data,A (2,1): OR mot d lieu trc tiep vi thanh ghi A. ORL data,#data (3,1):OR mot d lieu trc tiep vi mot d lieu tc thi. ORL C,bit (2,2): OR c nh vi mot bit trc tiep. ORL C,/bit (2,2): OR c nh vi bu cua mot bit trc tiep. XRL A,Rn (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi thanh ghi Rn. XRL A,data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mo d lieu trc tiep. XRL A,@Ri (1,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mot d lieu gian tiep. XRL A,#data (2,1): XOR thanh ghi A vi mo d lieu tc thi.
24

XRL data,A (2,1): XOR mot d lieu trc tiep vi thanh ghi A. XRL dara,#data (3,1): XOR mot d lieu trc tiep vi mot d lieu tc thi. SETB C (1,1): at c nh. SETB bit (2,1): at mot bit trc tiep. CLR A (1,1): Xoa thanh ghi A. CLR C (1,1): Xoa c nh. CPL A (1,1): Bu noi dung thanh ghi A. CPL C (1,1): Bu c nh. CPL bit (2,1): Bu mot bit trc tiep. RL A (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A. RLC A (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A qua c nh. RR A (1,1): Quay phai noi dung thanh ghi A. RRC A (1,1): Quay phai noi dung thanh ghi A qua c nh. SWAP (1,1): Quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A 1 nibble (1/2byte). c. Nhom lenh chuyen d lieu: MOV A,Rn (1,1):Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,@Ri (1,1): Chuyen d lieu gian tiep vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi A. MOV Rn,data (2,2): Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao thanh ghi Rn. MOV Rn,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao thanh ghi Rn. MOV data,A (2,1): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV data,Rn (2,2): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi Rn vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV data,data (3,2): Chuyen mot d lieu trc tiep vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV data,@Ri (2,2): Chuyen mot d lieu gian tiep vao mot d lieu gian tiep. MOV data,#data (3,2): Chuyen mot d lieu tc thi vao mot d lieu trc tiep. MOV @Ri,A (1,1): Chuyen noi dung thanh ghi A vao mot d lieu gian tiep. MOV @Ri,data (2,2): Chuyen mot d lieu trc tiep vao mot d lieu gian tiep. MOV @Ri,#data (2,1): Chuyen d lieu tc thi vao d lieu gian tiep. MOV DPTR,#data6 (3,2): Chuyen mot hang 16 bit vao thanh ghi con tro d lieu.
25

MOV C,bit (2,1): Chuyen mot bit trc tiep vao c nh. MOV bit,C (2,2): Chuyen c nh vao mot bit trc tiep. MOV A,@A+DPTR (1,2): Chuyen byte bo nh chng trnh co a ch la @A+DPRT vao thanh ghi A. MOVC A,@A+PC (1,2): Chuyen byte bo nh chng trnh co a ch la @A+PC vao thanh ghi A. MOV A,@Ri (1,2): Chuyen d lieu ngoai (8 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A. MOVX A,@DPTR (1,2): Chuyen d lieu ngoai (16 bit a ch) vao thanh ghi A. MOVX @Ri,A (1,2): Chuyen noi dung A ra d lieu ngoai (8 bit a ch). MOVX @DPTR,A (1,2): Chuyen noi dung A ra d lieu ben ngoai (16 bit a ch). PUSH data (2,2) : Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao ngan xep va tang SP. POP data (2,2) : Chuyen d lieu trc tiep vao ngan xep va giam SP. XCH A,Rn (1,1) : Trao oi d lieu gia thanh ghi Rn v2 thanh ghi A. XCH A,data (2,1) : Trao oi gia thanh ghi A va mot d lieu trc tiep. XCH A,@Ri (1,1) : Trao oi gia thanh ghi A va mot d lieu gian tiep. XCHD A,@R (1,1) : Trao oi gia nibble thap (LSN) cua thanh ghi A va LSN cua d lieu gian tiep. d. Nhom lenh chuyen ieu khien: ACALL addr11 (2,2): Goi chng trnh con dung a ch tuyet oi. LCALL addr16 (3,2): Goi chng trnh con dung a ch dai. RET (1,2): Tr ve t lenh goi chng trnh con. RET1 (1,2): Tr ve t lenh goi ngat. AJMP addr11 (2,2): Nhay tuyet oi. LJMP addr16 (3,2): Nhay dai. SJMP rel (2,2):Nhay ngan. JMP @A+DPTR (1,2): Nhay gian tiep t con tro d lieu. JZ rel (2,2): Nhay neu A=0. JNZ rel (2,2): Nhay neu A khong bang 0. JC rel (2,2): Nhay neu c nh c at. JNC rel (2,2): Nhay neu c nh khong c at. JB bit,rel (3,2): Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep c at. JNB bit,rel (3,2):Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep khong c at. JBC bit,rel (3,2): Nhay tng oi neu bit trc tiep c at , roi xoa bit. CJNE A,data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu trc tiep vi A va nhay neu khong bang.

26

CJNE A,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi A va nhay neu khong bang. CJNE Rn,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi noi dung thanh ghi Rn va nhay neu khong bang. CJNE @Ri,#data,rel (3,2): So sanh d lieu tc thi vi d lieu gian tiep va nhay neu khong bang. DJNZ Rn,rel (2,2): Gian thanh ghi Rn va nhay neu khong bang. DJNZ data,rel (3,2): Giam d lieu trc tiep va nhay neu khong bang.

I. He Thong o Lng 1. Gii thieu e thc hien phep o cua mot ai lng nao o th tuy thuoc vao ac tnh cua ai lng can o,ieu kien o,cung nh o chnh xac theo yeu cau cua mot phep o ma ta co the thc hien o bang nhieu cach khac nhau tren c s cua cac he thong o lng khac nhau. S o khoi cua mot he thong o lng tong quat
Chuyen oi

Chng 2: O NHIET O

Mach o

Ch th

_ Khoi chuyen oi: lam nhiem vu nhan trc tiep cac ai lng vat ly ac trng cho oi tng can o bien oi cac ai lng thanh cac ai lng vat ly thong nhat(dong ien hay ien ap) e thuan li cho viec tnh toan. _ Mach o: co nhiem vu tnh toan bien oi tn hieu nhan c t bo chuyen oi sao cho phu hp vi yeu cau the hien ket qua o cua bo ch th. _ Khoi ch th:lam nhiem vu bien oi tn hieu ien nhan c t mach o e the hien ket qua o. 2. He thong o lng so He thong o lng so c nhom ap dung e thc hien luan van nay v co cac u iem:cac tn hieu tng t qua bien oi thanh cac tn hieu so co cac xung ro rang trang thai 0,1 se gii han c nhieu mc tn hieu gay sai so .Mat khac ,he thong nay tng thch vi d lieu cua may tnh,qua giao tiep vi may tnh ng dung rong rai trong ky thuat.

27

a. S o khoi
ai lng
Cam bien

Che bien Tn hieu o Che bien Tn hieu o

Don kenh tng t

ADC

Vi x ly

Hienth

ai lng

Cam bien

ieu khien chon

S dung

Chng trnh

Hnh 5.1 S o khoi cua he thong o lng so b. Nguyen ly hoat ong oi tng can o la ai lng vat ly,da vao cac ac tnh cua oi tng can o ma ta chon mot loai cam bien phu hp e bien oi thong so ai lng vat ly can o thanh ai lng ien ,a vao mach che bien tn hieu(gom:bo cam bien,he thong khuech ai,x ly tn hieu). Bo chuyen oi tn hieu sang so ADC(Analog Digital Converter) lam nhiem vu chuyen oi tn hieu tng t sang tn hieu so va ket noi vi vi x ly. Bo vi x ly co nhiem vu thc hien nhng phep tnh va xuat ra nhng lenh tren c s trnh t nhng lenh chap hanh a thc hien trc o. Bo don kenh tng t (multiplexers) va bo chuyen ADC c dung chung tat ca cac kenh . D lieu nhap vao vi x ly se co tn hieu chon ung kenh can x ly e a vao bo chuyen oi ADC va oc ung gia tr ac trng cua no qua tnh toan e co ket qua cua ai lng can o. II. Cac Phg Phap o Nhiet o o nhiet o la mot phng thc o lng khong ien,o nhiet o c chia thanh nhieu dai: + o nhiet o thap + o nhiet o trung bnh + o nhiet o cao. Viec o nhiet o c tien hanh nh cac dung cu ho tr chuyen biet nh: + Cap nhiet ien + Nhiet ke ien ke kim loai + Nhiet ien tr kim loai
28

+ Nhiet ien tr ban dan + Cam bien thach anh. Viec s dung cac IC cam bien nhiet e o nhiet o la mot phng phap thong dung c nhom s dung trong tap luan van nay,nen ay ch gii thieu ve IC cam bien nhiet. Nguyen ly hoat ong chung cua IC o nhiet o IC o nhiet o la mot mach tch hp nhan tn hieu nhiet o chuyen thanh tn hieu ien di dang dong ien hay ien ap.Da vao ac tnh rat nhay cua cac ban dan vi nhiet o,tao ra ien ap hoac dong ien,t le thuan vi nhiet o tuyet oi.o tn hieu ien ta biet c gia tr cua nhiet o can o.S tac ong cua nhiet o tao ra ien tch t do va cac lo trong trong chat ban dan . Bang s pha v cac phan t , bt cac electron thanh dang t do di chuyen qua vung cau truc mang tinh the tao s xuat hien cac lo trong . Lam cho t le ien t t do va lo trong tang len theo qui luat ham mu vi nhiet o . ac tnh cua mot so IC o nhiet o thong dung +AD590 Ngo ra la dong ien. o nhay 1A/0K. o chnh xac +40C. Nguon cung cap Vcc = 4 30V. Pham vi s dung 55oc en 150oc + LX5700 Ngo ra la ien ap. o nhay 10mv/0K. Pham vi s dung 550C 1500C. + LM135,LM335 Ngo ra la ien ap. o nhay 10mv/0C. Sai so cc ai 1,50C khi nhiet o ln hn 1000C. Pham vi s dung 550C 1500C.

Chng 3 : CHUYEN OI TNG T SO

I KHAI NIEM CHUNG Ngay nay viec truyen at tn hiey cung nh qua trnh ieu khien va ch th phan ln c thc hien theo phng phap so. Trong khi o tn hieu t nhien co dang tng t nh:nhiet o,ap suat ,cng o anh sang,toc o quay,tn
29

hieu am thanhe ket noi gia nguon tn hieu tng t vi cac he thong x ly so ngi ta dung cac mach chuyen oi tng t sang so(ADC) nham bien oi tn hieu tng t sang so hoac trong trng hp ngc lai can bien oi tn hieu so sang tng t thi dung cac mach DAC (Digital Analog Converter). Bo ADC 0809 la mot thiet b CMOS tch hp vi mot bo chuyen oi t tng t sang so 8 bit, bo chon 8 kenh va mot bo logic ieu khien tng thch. Bo chuyen oi AD 8 bit nay dung phng phap chuyen oi xap x tiep. Bo chon kenh co the truy xuat bat kenh nao trong cac ngo vao tng t mot canh oc lap. Thiet b nay loai tr kha nang can thiet ieu chnh iem 0 ben ngoai va kha nang ieu chnh t so lam tron ADC 0809 de dang giao tiep vi cac bo vi x ly. 1/ S o chan ADC 0809:
IN2 IN1 IN0 A B C ALE 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-8 REF 2-6

II GII THIEU VE IC ADC0809

28

15

ADC0809
1
IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7
START

14
EOC 2-5 OE CLK VCC REF GND 2-7

* Y ngha cac chan: . IN0 en IN7 : 8 ngo vao tng t. . A, B, C : giai ma chon mot trong 8 ngo vao -1 -8 . Z en Z : ngo ra song song 8 bit . ALE : cho phep chot a ch . START : xung bat au chuyen oi . CLK : xung ong ho . REF (+): ien the tham chieu (+) . REF (-) : ien the tham chieu (-) . VCC : nguon cung cap 2/ Cac ac iem cuaADC 0809: . o phan giai 8 bit

30

. Tong sai so cha chnh nh LSB; 1 LSB . Thi gian chuyen oi: 100s tan so 640 kHz . Nguon cung cap + 5V . ien ap ngo vao 0 5V . Tan so xung clock 10kHz 1280 kHz . Nhiet o hoat ong - 40oC en 85oC . De dang giao tiep vi vi x ly hoac dung rieng . Khong can ieu chnh zero hoac ay thang 3/ Nguyen ly hoat ong: ADC 0809 co 8 ngo vao tng t, 8 ngo ra 8 bit co the chon 1 trong 8 ngo vao tng t e chuyen oi sang so 8 bit. Cac ngo vao c chon bang cach giai ma. Chon 1 trong 8 ngo vao tng t c thc hien nh 3 chan ADDA , ADDB , ADDC nh bang trang thai sau: A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B C 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Ngo vao c chon IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7

Sau khi kch xung start th bo chuyen oi bat au hoat ong canh xuong cua xung start, ngo ra EOC se xuong mc thap sau khoang 8 xung clock (tnh t canh xuong cua xung start). Luc nay bit c trong so ln nhat (MSB) c at len mc 1, tat ca cac bit con lai mc 0, ong thi tao ra ien the co gia tr Vref/2, ien the nay c so sanh vi ien the vao in. + Neu Vin > Vref/2 th bit MSB van mc 1. + Neu Vin < Vref/2 th bit MSB van mc 0. Tng t nh vay bit ke tiep MSB c at len 1 va tao ra ien the co gia tr Vref/4 va cung so sanh vi ien ap ngo vao Vin. Qua trnh c tiep tuc nh vay cho en khi xac nh c bit cuoi cung. Khi o chan EOC len mc 1 bao cho biet a ket thuc chuyen oi. Trong suot qua trnh chuyen oi chan OE c at mc 1, muon oc d lieu ra chan OE xuong mc 0.

31

Trong suot qua trnh chuyen oi neu co 1 xung start tac ong th ADC se ngng chuyen oi. Ma ra N cho mot ngo vao tuy y la mot so nguyen.
N= 256.(VIN Vref ( ) ) Vref ( + ) Vref ( )

Trong o Vin: ien ap ngo vao he so sanh. Vref(+): ien ap tai chan REF(+). Vref(-): ien ap tai chan REF(-). Neu chon Vref(-) = 0 th N = 256.
Vin Vref (+ )

Vref(+) = Vcc = 5V th ay thang la 256. Gia tr bc nho nhat

5 = 0,0196 V/byte 2 1
8

1 LSB =

Vay vi 256 bc Vin = 5V. Ap vao ln nhat cua ADC 0809 la 5V. 4/ Mach tao xung clock cho ADC 0809: S dung mach dao IK ong dung cac cong not e tao dao ong cho ADC nh sau: Tan so dao ong cua mach la f = Suy ra 640 =
1 3RC 1 560 3RC

Vcc IK 10K

Tan so dao ong chuan la 600 kHz

Vi R t 100 en vai k chon R =1 k C = 500 PF.

***************************************************** *****************************************************

PHAN B :
CHNG1 I . S O KHOI : 32

THIET KE PHAN CNG

THIET KE TONG QUAT

KHOI HIEN TH

BO BIEN OI ADC

CMU 8051

KHOI CAM BIEN

BAN PHM

MACH CONG SUAT

He hoat ong theo chng trnh a nap tren ROM , qua s ieu khien cua MCU 8051 phan cam bien nhiet at ni ta muon o ,no se o tn hieu cua nhiet o qua mc ien ap tn hieu analog c chuyen thanh tn hieu so va giao tiep vi he thong qua data bus. Tren c s chng chnh c nap tren ROM va tn hieu nhan c , MCU cho phep thiet b ngoai vi hoat ong nh : hien th gia tr nhiet o tng ng ieu khien nhiet o thch hp. II .S LC CHC NANG CAC BO PHAN : _ Vi x ly 8051 la phan t chnh x cac thong tin nhap vao va a ra cac quyet nh iei khien. _ Phm la bo phan giao tiep ngoai vi , cho phep nhap cac thong so bang tay. _ Mach hien th , hien th cac gia tr at va gia tr o. _ Mach cam bien dung e khuyech a tn hieu va bu nhiet. _ Mach cong suat dung e ong m nguon cong suat. III . THIET KE CHI TIET : 1 . Thiet ke phm : Cac phm thiet ke n gian gom co 3 phm : Phm tang Phm giam. Phm chc nang.
VCC_CIRCLE 1 +V

R1

R2

R3

4.7k 4.7k

4.7k

P1.0

P1.1

P1.2

33

2 . Khoi mach cam bien :

VCC 1 +V

-VCC 1 2 3
C1 1

4 +

U1 LM358

VR 1 5%

R3

R5

2 3

-VCC 8 +VCC -VCC 2 3 4 +

U3 LM358 IN0

1 8 VCC

VCC1 1 +V

2 4 + 3 8

U2A LM358 R4

R6

1 +VCC

LM335 1

2 3

1
VR1 1 5% C2 1

Tnh toan va can chnh : LM335 la cam bien nhiet o co the hoat ong en 1500C tng ng vi nhiet o 00K , LM335 cho ra ien ap 0V . C tang 10C ,ien ap ra tang 10mV.Nh vay vi 00C th ien ap la 2.73V. Xet mach khuyet a tr : Goi Vf1 = VOUT la ap ngo vao ao cua U3 , VI2 = VOUT2 ap ngo vao khong aocua U3 . Ap dung phng phap xep chong cho tng kch thch ngo vao ,ngan mach ngo vao con lai ta c : R5 V01 = Vi1 R3 R6 R5 V02 = 1 + R3 R6 + R 4 R5 R6 R5 V0 = V02 + V01 = V02 = Vi1 1 + Vi2 R3 R3 R6 + R 4 Neu R5 = R6 = R4 = R3 = 1 V0 = Vi2 Vi1 Trong trng hp nay ta chon R5 = R6 va R4 = R3 th V0 c viet lai nh sau:

34

R5 R5 R6 R5 V0 = Vi1 = ( ) (Vi2 Vi1 ) =Av(Vi2 Vi1) 1 + Vi2 R3 R3 R3 R6 + R 4 Suy ra ien ap ngo ra se thay oi Av*10mV khi nhiet o thay oi 10C .o phan giai can la 0.50C nen ien ap thay oi khi nhiet o thay oi 10C,phai bang hai lan o phan giai cua AD0804 : Av*10mV = 2*19.6mV Av= 3.92 Chon R5 = 39 K va R3 = 10K Can chnh : Chnh VR1 sao cho VI cua U3 =2.73 + 0.01* t0C Nhng trong thc te e chnh xac ,nhung LM335 vao nc da ang tan 0 (0 C) . Chnh VR2 sao cho V2 cua U2 = 2.73V. Thiet ke bo cam bien nhiet : Tam lam viec trong he thong mach t 0 1000C.
e o nhiet o chnh xac phai co cac au o ac biet. au o di dang vi mach LM335 la mot au o n gian va chnh xac vi gia thanh lai re . LM335 co o bien thien ien ap theo nhiet o la 10mV/0K ,co mot day o chnh xac kha cao va cam bien nhiet tot nhiet o 250C co o sai so nho hn 10C.vi tam o t nhiet o 0 1000C, ngo ra cua cam bien nay tuyen tnh.

Cac tnh chat cua cam bien LM335 : Chia o trc tep theo 0K o chnh xac ban au la 10C Tr khang ong < 1 Tam nhiet o rong . Khoang o 2000C

Tam tuyet oi ln nhat : Dong ngc 15mA Dong thuan 10mA ien ap hoat ong ngo ra ieu kien Tc=250C,IR =1nAtng ng 2.92 3.04V Sai so nhiet 250C ieu kien Tmin<Tc<Tmax <= > 1 2 0C ien ap ngo ra hoat ong ieu kien 400A<IR<5mA th tng ng t 3 14mV. Theo thong so cua nha san xuat IC LM335 co o bien thien ien ap nh sau: V 00C (2730K ) ap ra 2.73V 0 0 5 C (278 K ) ap ra 2.78V 250C (2980K ) ap ra 2.98V 3.73 VOUT

35

500C (3230K ) ap ra 3.23V 1000C (3730K ) ap ra 3.73V +5V

3.23 2.98 2.78 2.73 Vout 273 278 298 323 373

LM335

VR 1000C la 1V

Nh vay tan bien thien ien ap ng vi nhiet o t 0

ien ap ra t bo cam bien LM335 theo cong thc VT (0K) = 2.73 =0.01T(0K) (mV) ien ap ngo ra hoat ong ieu kien Tc =250C ,IR = 1mA Mat khac : 400A<IR<5mA 5V 2.98V < = > 400A< < 5mA R2 <= > 1.8K <R2 < 22.5K 5V 2.98V ma R2 = = 2.02 K 1mA nen chon R2 =2.2K va chon mot bien tr VR2 =20K e chnh tinh. Tnh gia tr en tr han dong Rhd noi vi 74LS47 : Moi oan cua led can dong khoang 10mA e sang , ien ap ri tren led khoang Vled=2V . Nguong cung cap Vcc = 5V. Cac thong so ngo ra cua IC7447 la : Vol = 0.4V, Iol = 40mA . Gia s , ta muon cac led sang vi mot dong Iled =10mA vay : RHD = 280 Rhd= (Vcc V LED VOL)/ILED => RHD = (5V-1.8V 0.4V )/10mA thc te khi thiet ke thng cho moi LED sang vi dong ILED tng ng vi gia tr ien tr han dong la: RHD =330.

3 /Mach hien th :

36

P0. 6

Rb

Q1 PNP

1 Q2 PNP

A101 5

P0. 5

Rb

A101 5

P0. 4

Rb

Q3 PNP

VCC

A101 5

DISP1 Gnd

DISP2 Gnd

DISP3 Gnd

8 3 5
abcdefg.

8 3 5
abcdefg.

8 3 5
abcdefg.

P0. P0. 0 P 10. P 20. 3

U2 74LS47 A3 g A2 f A1 e A0 d c b a test RBI RBO

P0. P0. 0 P 10. P 20. 3

U1 74LS47 A3 g A2 f A1 e A0 d c b a test RBI RBO

P0. P0. 0 P 10. P0. 2 3

U3 74LS47 A3 g A2 f A1 e A0 d c b a test RBI RBO

VCC

Tnh gia tr ien tr RB noi vi A1015:

Xet ieu kien e transistor boa hoa la ; I B >= IC Chon = 100 (A1015) tai ngo ra cua IC8051 co cac thop6ng so sau : Iol = 3.2mA Vol =0.45 V Vay dong IB nam trong gii han sau : Ic Ic Ub Ib Iol hay Iol hfe hfe Rb T o ta suy ra R:

Rb

Ub Vcc (Voh + V ) 5V (0.45 + 0.7 )V = = 1.203K = Rb Ib 0.0032

Chon RB =1.2K

4 Mach cong suat :

37

Dung cong tac ien t e ong ngat nguon ien cung cap cho mach ieu khien khi co tn hieu ngo vao P3.2 .Bo ghep quang c s dung v s cach ly tot ve ien gia mach ieu khien va mach cong suat .

TAI

Nguyen ly lam viec : Tuy theo ngo ra chan P3.2 mc cao hay mc thap ma transistor C828 ong hay m cho phep dong ien qua thong qua OPTO TRIAC.

********************************************************************** **********************************************************************

38

PHANC :
CHNG1 :

THIET KE CHNG TRNH

GIAI THUAT CHNG TRNH CHNG TRNH CHNH

Start

Nap gia t ban au

P1.0 = 0 ?

P1.1= 0 ? Tang t0 at N

Ktra t0 at < t0 max N

Y Tang t0

oc ADC P1.2 =0 ? Giam t0 Hieu chnh N N Giam t0 Y Ktra t0 at >= t0 min Y

Hien th nhiet o o

Hien th nhiet o at

39

GIAI THUAT CHNG TRNH OI SO NH PHAN RA BCD

Bat au

Chia so can oi cho 10 c so d la hang n v.

Chia tiep ket qua cho 10 c so chuc va tram.

Cat ket qua vao bo nh.

Thoat

40

GIAI THUAT XUAT LED

Bat au

Chon d lieu can hien th

Lay ma LED a ra LED chon LED ke.

Thoat

41

GIAI THUAT CHNG TRNH OC A/D

Bat au

oc d lieu A/D

Chia so oc c cho 2 e c nhiet o tng ng

oi d lieu ra so BCD cat vao RAM cac a ch 30H,31H,32H

Thoat

42

GIAI THUAT CHNH TRNH SO SANH VA IEU KHIEN

Bat au

Lay nhiet o o tr nhiet o at

o < at

Cap nguon cho phan cong suat

Thoat

43

GIAI THUAT CHNG TRNH TANG GIAM

Vao

Phm MOD co nhan khong

NO

YES Tang thong so len mot n v Phm tang co nhan khong ?

Giam thong so xuong mot n v

Phm giam co nhan khong ?

Goi chng trnh hien th

44

45