BO

BO TR
TR KIE
KIEN
N TH
THC
C

O
ON
N THI
THI A
AII HO
HOC
C
Mo
Mon
n:: Hoa
Hoa ho
hoc
c

GV. NGUYEN TAN TRUNG

(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

GV. NGUYEN TAN TRUNG

(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

Bai 2

Gom 3 bc giai

Bc 1: at CTTQ
Bc 2: Lap phng trnh ai so (*)
(T % ( theo Khoi lng))
Bc 3: Giai phng trnh (*)

 Bc 1: at CTTQ
Bc 2: Lap phng trnh ai so (*)
Bc 3: Giai phng trnh (*)
Gi y:
-Neu phng trnh (*) co 3 an,

th co dang: ax + by = cz

B1: Cho z=1; 2; ... Cho en khi

Tm c x,y th dng
va suy ra cong thc nguyen (CTNG).
B2: Tm ch so CTNG e CTPT

( Phng phap 2: PP2)

Bc 1: at CTTQ
Bc 2: Lap phng trnh ai so (*)
Bc 3: Giai phng trnh (*)
V du1: (H Ngoai Thng 1998)
Chat hu c (A) thuoc day ong ang
benzen, co % H = 9,43 (theo khoi lng)
Tm CTPT (A)

PP tm CTPT
Khi da tren % nguyen to

V du 1:

A: ong ang Benen

%H = 9,43
A: ?

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
1 nguyen to

Giai:
- at CTTQ (A): CnH2n - 6

- Theo e co:
%H

n=8

1(2n 6)
14 n - 6

Vay CTPT A:

. 100 = 9,43

C8H10

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap pt (*)
B3.Giai (*)

 v du 2:
A cha C,H,O co %O = 43,24.
Tm CTPT cua A trong moi trng hp :
a. MA<140 vC.
b. Khoi lng oxi co trong 1 mol A
be hn khoi lng nit trong 150 gam
muoi amoni nitrat.
PP Tm CTPT

Biet %1 nguyen to

9B1.at CTTQ
9B2.Lap pt (*)
9B3.Giai (*)

V du 2:

A: C, H, O co% O = 43,24
a. MA < 140. CTPT A?
b. mO trong 1 mol A < mN trong
150 g NH4NO3

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
1 nguyen to

Giai:
- at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz

- Theo e co:
%O

16. z

. 100 = 43,24

12x +y + 16z

12x + y + 16z =

16. z .100 =37.z

43,24
12x + y = 21 z (*)

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap pt (*)
B3.Giai (*)

V du 2:

A: C, H, O co % O = 43,24
a. MA < 140. CTPT A?
b. mO trong 1 mol A < mN trong
150 g NH4NO3

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
1 nguyen to

Giai:
- at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz
12x + y = 21 z (*)
Vi z = 1:

(*) 12x + y = 21
y = 21 12x
2
x
1

9 am
y
ieu kien: 0 < y 2.x + 2

Loai TH nay

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap pt (*)
B3.Giai (*)

V du 2:

A: C, H, O co % O = 43,24
a. MA < 140. CTPT A?
b. mO trong 1 mol A < mN trong
150 g NH4NO3
Giai: - at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz
12x + y = 21 z (*)
Vi z = 1: Khong tm c x, y.
Vi z = 2:

(*) 12x + y = 42
y = 42 12x
2 3
x
1

30 18 6 am
y
ieu kien: 0 < y 2.x + 2

Chon: x = 3 y = 6
CTNG A: ( C3H6O2)n
n +

V du 2:

A: C, H, O co % O = 43,24
a. MA < 140. CTPT A?
b. mO trong 1 mol A < mN trong
150 g NH4NO3
Giai: - at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz
12x + y = 21 z (*)
Vi z = 1: Khong tm c x, y.
Vi z = 2: CTNG A: ( C3H6O2)n

a. MA < 140
74 n < 140
n < 1,89
n =1
Vay CTPT A:

n +

C3H6O2

V du 2:

A: C, H, O co % O = 43,24
a. MA < 140. CTPT A?
b. mO trong 1 mol A < mN trong
150 g NH4NO3
Giai: - at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz
12x + y = 21 z (*)
Vi z = 1: Khong tm c x, y.
Vi z = 2: CTNG A: ( C3H6O2)n

a. MA < 140

Co CTPT A: C3H6O2

n +

b. Theo tren ta co. CTNG A: ( C3H6O2)n ; n +

CO: mO trong 1 mol A < mN trong 150 g NH4NO3
1.16.2n < 150/ 80 . 14.2
n < 1,64 n =1 ; Vay CTPT A: C3H6O2

 v du 3: (H Ngoai Thng 1998)

A la chat hu c cha 3 nguyen to, co %O = 50.
Tm CTPT CTCT cua A

PP Tm CTPT

Biet %1 nguyen to

9B1.at CTTQ
9B2.Lap pt (*)
9B3.Giai (*)

V du 3:

A: la hchc cha 3 nguyen to

% O = 43,24
CTPT - CTCTA:?

PP tm CTPT
Da tren % cua
1 nguyen to

Giai:

- Theo e A cha: C, H, O
- at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz

- Theo e co:
16. z
%O

. 100 = 50

12x +y + 16z

16. z .100 = 32.z

12x + y + 16z =
12x + y = 16 z (*)

50

B1.at CTTQ
B2.Lap pt (*)
B3.Giai (*)

V du 3:

A: la hchc cha 3 nguyen to

% O = 43,24
CTPT - CTCTA:?
Giai:

- Theo e A cha: C, H, O

- at CTTQ (A): CxHyOz

Ta c: 12x + y = 16 z (*)
Vi z = 1:

(*) 12x + y = 16
y = 16 12x
2
x
1
y
4 am
ieu kien: 0 < y 2.x + 2

Vay chon: x = 1 y =4
CTNG A: ( CH4O)n ; n +

V du 3:

A: la hchc cha 3 nguyen to

% O = 43,24
CTPT - CTCTA:?
Vay ta co:

CTNG A: ( CH4O)n ; n +
De thay bai nay n ch co the tm t ieu kien hoa tr !
Theo K Hoa tr ta co:
0 <So H 2 So C + 2
0 < 4n 2 n + 2
n=1

Vay A : CH4O co CTCT la CH3OH

 Cac bai tap t luyen:

1. ( H THUY SAN - 1997)

A(C,H,O) ch cha 1 loai chc co %O = 37,21.
Khi A p vi dd AgNO3/NH3 (d), thay:
1mol A sinh ra 4 mol Ag.
Tm CTPT-CTCT cua A .
(S:C2H4 (CHO)2)

2. ( HSPKTTP.HCM 2001)

Chat A CxHyO2 co %O = 29,0909.

A phan ng vi NaOH theo ty le n A : n NaOH = 1 : 2
A phan ng vi Br2 ty le n A : n Br2 = 1 : 3
Tm CTPT- CTCT Ten goi cua A.
(S: C6H6O2)

GV. NGUYEN TAN TRUNG

(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)