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TM KHONG BIN THIN CA MT LNG CHT ( Cc tr trong gii ton ho hc )

I- KIN THC CN NH A - Thng gp: hn hp (c tnh cht tng t ) tc dng vi cht X ( thng ly B thiu ) A - Nu lng cht X ly vo phn ng thay i th lng sn phm do hn hp to ra B cng thay i trong mt khong no ( gi chung l khong bin thin ) Phng php : 1) Nu hn hp bit lng ca mi cht th xt 2 trng hp : A tc dng trc ri n B lng cht cn tm m1 B tc dng trc ri n A lng cht cn tm m2 khong bin thin : m1 < m < m2 ( hoc ngc li ) 2) Nu hn hp cha bit khi lng ca mi cht th xt 2 trng hp : Hn hp ch c cht A lng cht cn tm m1 Hn hp ch c cht B lng cht cn tm m2 3) C th dng phng php i s (da vo gii hn ca i lng bit khong bin thin ca mt i lng cha bit.) : m hh m < n hh < hh ; Hiu sut: 0 < H% < 100% M nag M nhe n 0 < s mol A < s mol hn hp A,B x. A + y.B =m Nu th A < m < B ( hoc ngc li ) x + y II- BI TP P DNG 1) Cho hn hp gm 8 gam CuO v 3,6 gam FeO vo trong 300ml dung dch HCl 0,8M. Sau phn ng c m gam cht rn khng tan . Hi m nm trong khong no ? Hng dn : S mol CuO = 0,1 s mol FeO = 0,05 s mol HCl = 0,24 Vy HCl khng tc dng vi hn hp oxit + Nu CuO phn ng trc : CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O 0,1 0,2 FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O 0,02 0,04 Sau phn ng : mFeO ( d ) = 3,6 (0,02 72 ) = 2,16 gam + Nu FeO phn ng trc FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O 0,05 0,1

Website: http://violet.vn/dhanhcs Email: dhanhcs09@yahoo.com.vn CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O 0,07 0,14 Sau phn ng : mCuO ( d ) = 8 (0,07 80 ) = 2,4 gam V thc t FeO v CuO cng phn ng vi HCl nn 2,16 gam < m < 2,4 gam Cch 2 : C th t RO l CTHH i din cho hn hp RO + 2HCl RCl2 + H2O 0,12 0,24 nRO = 0,15 0,12 = 0,03 khi lng RO d : m = 0,03 M V 72< M < 80 nn 72 0.03 < m < 80 0,03

2,16gam < m < 2,4 gam

2) Nung 20 gam hn hp MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3 nhit cao th thu c kh A. Dn kh A vo trong dung dch nc vi th thu c 10 gam kt ta v ddB. un nng B hon ton th to thnh thm 6 gam kt ta. Hi % khi lng ca MgCO3 nm trong khong no ? Hng dn : s mol kt ta CaCO3 = 0,1 mol , S mol CaCO3 ( to thm ) = 0,06 mol t0 MgCO3 MgO + CO2
.x CaCO3 .y BaCO3 .z CO2 + 0,1 2CO2 x y

CaO BaO
t0

t0

+ +

CO2 CO2
z

Ca(OH)2

CaCO3 + H2O
0,1

+ Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
0

t Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 0,06 Trong x,y,z l s mol MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3 trong 100gam hn hp n CO2 = n CaCO3 ( 4) + 2 nCaCO3 (6) = 0,1 + 2 0, 06 = 0, 22mol Theo cc ptp :

84x + 100y + 197z = 100 x + y + z = 0, 22 5 = 1,1 100y + 197z = 100 84x (1) y + z = 0, 22 5 = 1,1 x (2) 100y + 197z 100 84x = T (1) v (2) ta c : y+z 1,1 x 100 84x < 197 Suy ra ta c : 100 < gii ra c 0,625 < x < 1,032 1,1 x Vy khi lng MgCO3 nm trong khong : 52,5 % 86,69 %
Suy ra ta c h pt :

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3) t chy 10,5 gam hn hp A gm CH4; C2H4; C2H2 trong oxi thu c kh B. Dn kh B vo trong dung dch nc vi d th thy c 75gam kt ta. Hi % khi lng ca CH4 ti a l bao nhiu?. ( S: 38,1% )
4) Mt hn hp kh A gm etilen , propilen , hiro c t trng ( ktc) l P A ( g/l). Cho A i qua xc tc Ni, nung nng th thu c hn hp kh B. a/ Vi gi tr no ca PA th hn hp kh B khng lm mt mu dung dch brom b/ Xc nh % th tch ca hn hp A, nu PA = 0,741g/l ; PB = 1,176 g/l Hng dn : t s mol gm etilen , propilen , hiro : x,y,z kh B khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom th Anken khng d ( s mol H 2 = s mol 2 anken ) z x+y

MA =

28x + 42y + 2z = 22, 4 pA x+ y+z

z = x+y (1)

(1)
30x + 44y = 44, 8 p A x+y

Bin lun :

0,67 < pA < 0,98

Nu z > x+y M A gim pA gim pA 0,67 5) Mt bnh kn dung tch 8,96 lt cha y hn hp X gm N2, O2, SO2 t l mol 3 :1 :1 . t chy lu hunh trong hn hp X th thu c hn hp kh Y ( sau khi a bnh v nhit ban u ). Bit d Y = 1, 089
X

a/ p sut trong bnh c thay i hay khng ? V sao ? b/ Xc nh % th tch ca hn hp kh Y c/ Khi s mol ca oxi bin i th d Y bin i trong khong no
X

(S : b/ 60%N2 ; 10%O2 ; 30%SO2 ,

c/ 1 d Y X 1,18 )

6) Ho tan hn hp 6,4 gam CuO v 16 gam Fe2O3 trong 320ml dung dch HCl 2M. Sau phn ng c m rn khng tan v m gam mui. Xc nh m v m bin thin trong khong no ? 7) Ho tan va 6 gam hn hp gm kim loi X ( ho tr I) v kim loi Y ( ho tr II) trong hn hp hai axit HNO3 v H2SO4 thy c 2,688 lt hn hp kh NO2 v SO2 sinh ra ( ktc) nng 5,88 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m ( gam) mui khan. a/ Tm m b/ Khi t l s mol ca cc kh thay i th m bin thin trong khong no ? 8) Cho 46,7 gam hn hp X gm CuO, ZnO, FeO vo trong 800ml ddHCl 1,75M . Lng axit cn d phi trung ho ng 200ml ddNaOH 1M. Xc nh khong bin thin % khi lng FeO trong hn hp X. 9/ Hn hp A gm 0,56 gam Fe v 16 gam Fe2O3. Trn A vi a mol bt nhm ri nung nhit cao( khng c khng kh ) thu c hn hp B. Nu cho B tan trong H 2SO4 long d th thu c V lt kh , nhng nu cho B tan trong NaOH d th thu c 0,25V lt kh ( cc kh trong cng iu kin) a/ Vit cc PTHH xy ra b/ Tm khong bin thin ca khi lng nhm ( nu phn ng nhit nhm ch to ra Fe)

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0

t Hng dn : Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe Ban u: 0,1 a 0 0,01(mol) P : x 2x x 2x (mol) Sau p : (0,1-x) (a-2x) x (0,01+2x) Vit cc PTHH ca rn B vi H2SO4 long v NaOH ( d ) 1,5(a 2x) + (0, 01 + 2x) V 4,5a 0, 01 = t l : x= 1,5(a 2x) 0, 25V 11 3 v 0 < x 0,1 nn 2,22. 10 < a 0,2467 hay : 0,06 gam < mAl 6,661 gam 10/ Cho 6,2 gam hn hp X gm Na v K tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Hng dn : Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra: 2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2 2K + 2HCl 2KCl + H2 6, 2 6, 2 Ta c : < n kl < 39 23 Theo PTP ta c : s mol KL = s mol ClKhi lng mui to thnh l : m = mKl + mCl = 6,2 + 35,5. nkl Thay ( 1 ) vo ( 2) ta c : 11,84 gam < m < 15,77 gam

C th gi s ch c Na m1 , gi s ch c K m2 . ------------------------

m1 < m < m2