S DNG BT NG THC GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM HU C

Bi 1 : t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm hai andehitcn dng va ht 0,375 mol O2, sinh ra 0,3 mol CO2 v
0,3 mol H2O.Mt khc, nu cho m gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, th lng kt ta bc
thu c l
A. 75,6 g
B. 48,5 g
D. 64,8 g
D. 32,4 g
Gii : nCO2 = nH2O = 0,3 X l 2 andehit no n chc mch h. BT O : nanehit = 2nCO2 + nH2O 2nO2 = 0,15;
(hay nX = 2.(1,5nCO2 nO2) = 0,15); nTB = nCO2:nX = 0,3 : 0,15 = 2 X c 1 andhit l HCHO.
C 2nX = 0,3 < nAg < 4nX = 0,6 0,3.108 < mAg < 0,4.108 32,4 < mAg < 64,8 mAg = 48,6 B
Bi 2 : Cho hn hp M gm andehit X, axeton Y ( X, Y c cng s nguyn t C) v anken Z. t chy hon ton
m gam M cn dng 8,848 lt O2 (ktc) sinh ra 6,496 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,22 gam H2O. Cng thc ca andehit l
A. C3H7CHO
B. C2H5CHO
C. C4H9CHO
D. CH3CHO
Gii : nCO2 = nH2O = 0,29 X, Y l hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h : CnH2nO, anken : CmH2m x + y = 2.
(1,5nCO2 nO2) = 2.(1,5=0,29 0,395) = 0,08 nCO2 = n.(x + y) + m.z = 0,29 n.0,08 + m.z= 0,29.
n.0,08 < 0,29 n < 3,625 n = 3 X : C3H6O hay CH3CH2CHO B.
Bi 3 : Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X (khng no, n chc, mch h) ancol no n chc, mch h Y (s mol
ca Y ln hn s mol ca X) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M phn ng va vi dung dich
cha 0,25 mol NaOH thu c 27 gam mui v 9,6 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. C3H7COOH v CH3OH. B. C2H5COOH v CH3OH. C. C3H5COOH v CH3OH. D. C3H5COOH v CH3CH2OH
Gii :
Mmui RCOONa = 27/0,25 = 108 R = 41 : X : C3H5COOH
Ta c : (y + z) > (x + z)
T duy tt nhn thy : Mancol = 9,6/(y + z) < 9,6 / (x + z) = 9,6 / 0,25 = 38,4 Y : CH3OH C
Bi 4 : (HB 2010) Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp 2 ln s mol Y) v
este Z c to t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam
mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l
A. HCOOH v CH3OH. B. CH3COOH v CH3OH. C. HCOOH v C3H7OH. D. CH3COOH v C2H5OH.
Gii : RCOOH : a mol, ROH : a mol, RCOOR : b mol
nRCOONa = a + b = nNaOH = 0,2 mol M = 16,4 : 0,2 = 82 CH3COONa (loi A , C)
(a + b) = 0,1 < nROH =1/2 a + b < a + b = 0,2 40,25 < Mancol < 80,5 ) loi B, chn D
Bi 5 : Hn hp X gm CnH2n - 1CHO, CnH2n - 1COOH, CnH2n -1CH2OH (u mch h, n nguyn dng). Cho 2,8
gam X phn ng va 8,8 gam brm trong nc. Mt khc cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, kt thc phn ng, thu c 2,16 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng CnH2n +1CHO trong
X l
A. 26,63%.
B. 20,00%.
C. 16,42%.
D. 22,22%.
Gii : CnH2n-1CHO + 2Br2 + H2O CnH2n-1Br2COOH + 2HBr
x
2x
CnH2n - 1COOH + Br2 CnH2n 1Br2COOH
y
y
CnH2n -1CH2OH + Br2 CnH2n -1Br2CH2OH
z
z
nBr2 = 2x + y + z = 8,8 : 160 = 0,055 (1)
CnH2n-1CHO 2Ag
x
2x
nAg = 2x = 0,02 x = 0,01 x + y + z = 0,045 v y + z = 0,035
v mX = 14n.(x + y + z) + 28x + 44y + 30z = 14n.0,045 + 28.(x + y + z) + 16y + 2z = (14n + 28).0,045 + 16y + 2z
= 2,8 (14n + 28).0,045 = 2,8 16y 2z =2,8 14y 2.0,035 = 2,73 14y
Khi 0 < y < 0,035 th 1,5 < n < 2,3 n = 2 (C2H3 -) => %C2H3CHO = (56.0,01.100%) : 2,8 = 20%
Bi 6 : Hn hp gm 2 axit X v Y c s nhm chc hn km nhau mt n v v c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
Chia hn hp axit thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi K sinh ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy
hon ton phn 2, sinh ra 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn v % khi lng ca mi axit trong hn
hp l
A. HOOCCOOH v 66,6% B. HOOCCOOH v 42,86% C. CH3COOH v 42,86% D. CH3(COOH)2 v 66,67%

Gii : CT chung : CnH2n+2-2k-2aOa

- Phn 1 : + K : gii s Y nhiu hn X mt nhm COOH : nH2 = 0,5x + y = 0,1
- Phn 2 : + O2 : n = n CO2 : (x+y) < n CO2 : (0,5x+y) = 0,3 : 0,1 = 3 n = 2 CT : CH3COOH v HOOCCOOH
Ta c h : x + y = 0,15 (1) v 0,5x + y = 0,1 (2) n amin x = 0,1 v y = 0,05 %(COOH)2 =
(0,05.90.100%):0,05.90+0,1. 60) = 42,86% B.
Bi 7 : Hn hp M gm anken X v hai amin no, n chc, mch h Y, Z (MY < MZ). t chy hon ton mt
lng M cn dng 21 lt O2 sinh ra H2O, N2 v 11,2 lt CO2, cc kh o ktc. Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH3CH2CH2NH2.
B. CH3CH2NHCH3.
C. C2H5NH2.
D. CH3NH2.
(3n+1,5)
Gii : C n H 2n +3 N+
O 2
nCO2 +(n+1,5)H2 O v CnH2n + 3n/2O2 nCO2 + nH2O.
2
BT O : nH2O = 2nO2 -2nCO2 = 2.0,9375 2.0,5 = 0,875 mol nhai amin = (nH2O nCO2) : 1,5 = (0,875 0,5):1,5 =0,25
n CO2 (amin) nCO2 (hhM)
0,5
<
=
= 2 Y : CH3NH2.
T duy tt s thy : n amin =
n amin
n amin
0, 25
Bi 8 : (HA 2010) Mt hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y mch h v c cng
s nguyn t cacbon > tng s mol ca 2 cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon
ton M th thu c 33,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H2SO4 c thc hin
phn ng este ho (hiu sut phn ng l 80%) th s gam este thu c l
A. 34,20.
B. 27,36.
C. 22,80.
D. 18,24.
Gii : nM = 0,5 mol , nCO2 = 1,5 mol. X v Y u c 3C trong phn t.
Cng thc ca ancol C3H7OH, ca axit C3HkO2
Gi s mol ca X l x, ca Y l y (0,5 > y > 0,5/2 = 0,25)
C3H7OH 3CO2 + 4H2O
C3HkO2 3CO2 + k/2 H2O
x
4x mol
y
ky/2 mol
1,2
x + y = 0,5 ;
4x + ky/2 = 1,4 => y =
;
V 0,5 > y > 0,25
8k
k = 4; y = 0,3 v x = 0,2. V s mol ca ancol nh hn s mol ca axit nn tnh theo s mol ca ancol.
Este thu c c cng thc l: C2H3COOC3H7 ; mE = 0,2.0,8.114 = 18,24g
Bi 9 : (H A 2012) Hn hp M gm mt anken v hai amin no, n chc, mch h X v Y l ng ng k
tip (MX < MY). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng 4,536 lt O2 (ktc) thu c H2O, N2 v 2,24 lt CO2
(ktc). Cht Y l
A. etylmetylamin.
B. butylamin.
C. etylamin.
D. propylamin.
(3n+1,5)
Gii : C n H 2n +3 N+
O 2
nCO2 +(n+1,5)H2 O v CnH2n + 3n/2O2 nCO2 + nH2O.
2
BT O : nH2O = 2nO2 -2nCO2 = 2.0,2025 2.0,1 = 0,205 mol nhai amin = (nH2O nCO2) : 1,5 = 0,07 mol
Ta thy : nhai amin < nhh M => Ctb = nCO2 : nhh M < nCO2 : namin = 0,1 : 0,07 = 1,428. V anken phi c C 2 nn Camin
<1,428 CH5N v C2H7N Y : etylamin