Bi 2 Hnh chiu trc o

NI DUNG CHNH
Khi qut v hnh chiu trc o Cc loi hnh chiu trc o thng dng Cch dng hnh chiu trc o

I - Khi qut v hnh chiu trc o

1- S lc v cch xy dng hnh chiu trc o

s
z Az z Az

A O Ay Ax

A O Ay y x

Ax y x

Trong khng gian : Oxyz : gi l h ta t nhin. A(Ax, Ay, Az) bt k trong khng gian Sau khi chiu ln mt phng: Oxyz : gi l h trc trc o. A(Ax, Ay, Az): hnh chiu trc o ca im A

s
Az z

z Az

Ax x

A O Ay Ax y x A O Ay

Trong khng gian

Sau khi chiu

xc nh hnh chiu trc o ca mt vt th l ta chiu cc im A thuc theo hng chiu s ln . Tp hp tt c cc im A ta c .

2- Cc h s bin dng
H s bin dng theo trc x:
x' O' A' x p x OAx
Az A A O Ay y O Ax x Ay y z

z Az

H s bin dng theo trc y:

y' O' A' y q Ax y OAy H s bin dng theo trc z: x z' O' A' z r z OAz

H s bin dng dng so snh t l gia kch thc hnh tht trong khng gian v kch thc hnh chiu trc o tng ng

3- Phn loi hnh chiu trc o

C hai cch phn loi: Phn loi theo gc gia hng chiu s v mt phng : + Hnh chiu trc o vung gc s ' + Hnh chiu trc o xin gc s '

Phn loi theo h s bin dng p, q, r + Hnh chiu trc o u: p=q=r + Hnh chiu trc o cn: p=q=2r hoc q=r=2p hoc p=r=2q + Hnh chiu trc o thng: p=q=r

4- Tnh cht chung

Hnh chiu trc o c y tnh cht ca php chiu song song, bo ton t vt th tht cc tnh cht sau y:

3 im thng hng c hnh chiu trc o l 3 im thng hng

2 ng thng song song c hnh chiu trc o l 2 ng thng song song Bo ton t s chiu di 2 on thng thng hng, 2 on thng song song Bo ton bc ca ng cong Bo ton tip tuyn ca ng cong.

II- Cc loi hnh chiu trc o thng dng

1- Hnh chiu trc o vung gc u

L hnh chiu trc o c: - Hng chiu s - H s bin dng ta p=q=r
O s x A =A x O B =B C =C z y y x z O
120o

Thit lp hnh chiu trc o vung gc u :

Trn h trc t nhin Oxyz ly OA=OB=OC. Lp mt phng hnh chiu (A, B, C), hng chiu s vung gc

c im h trc trc o vung gc u:

z 1

- 3 trc Ox, Oy, Oz lp vi nhau mt gc 120o - Trn bn v trc Oz lun ly l ng thng ng 1 - H s bin dng bng nhau trn 3 trc p=q=r =0,82. x ( Trong thc t ly p=q=r=1) Tam gic n v ch: - Hng gch mt ct vt liu trn mt phng ct song song vi mt phng ta - Hng trc di ca elp (elp l hnh chiu trc o ca ng trn trong mt phng )

O
120o

1 y

2- Hnh chiu trc o vung gc cn 3- Hnh chiu trc o ng u

III- Cch dng hnh chiu trc o

Cc bc dng hnh chiu trc o

1. Gn h trc t nhin vo vt th trn cc hnh
chiu vung gc 2. Chn loi hnh chiu trc o 3. Dng hnh chiu trc o ca vt th.

Khng v nt khut v khng ghi

kch thc trn hnh chiu trc o

V d 1 : V hnh chiu trc o ca khi hnh hp ch nht

z1

Cc bc: 1. Gn h trc t nhin vo vt th 2. Chn h trc trc o vung gc u.

x1 x2

O1y1
O2z2

3. Dng hnh.

y2

O
120o

V d 2 : Vt th c mt phng nghing
Mt phng nghing

z x W x D

V d 3 : Vt th c mt phng nghing
x B C A z x x

A z

Mt phng nghing
C B A

V d 4
B

D F E

y B

C E D A F

Hnh chiu trc o ca ngtrn

Hnh chiu trc o ca ng trn l ellipse.
1,22d 0,7d

Hnh chiu vung gc

Hnh chiu trc o

Cc bc:
1. Xc nh tm ca ellipse. 2. V hnh chiu trc o ca hnh vung ngoi tip ng trn l hnh thoi. 3. V ellipse ni tip hnh thoi v tip xc

ti 4 trung im ca 4 cnh hnh thoi.

V ellipse bng thc v compa.

Cc bc:
1. Xc nh tm ellipse
2. V hnh chiu trc o ca hnh vung ngoi tip ng trn. 3. Xc nh 4 tm ca 4 cung trn 4. V cc cung trn c tm va xc nh tip xc vi 4 cnh ca hnh thoi

V ellipse bng thc ellipse.

1. V hai ngthng vung gc i qua tm ellipse of

a circle to be drawn. 2. t thc ellipse trng vi ng tm 3. V ellipse

V d 5

V d 6
2 1 3

4
2 3 1 4
X

3
1 3 1

2= 4

2= 4

V ng cong bt k
Cc bc: 1. Xc nh cc im dc theo ng cong trn hnh

chiu vung gc
2. Xc nh ta cc im trn hnh chiu trc o 3. V ng cong i qua cc im .

Bi tp v nh
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