2

HNG DN CHM KSCL THI I HC NM 2012-2013 LN 1

MN TON -KHI D
( p n c 06 trang: t trang 1 n trang 6 )
Cu p n im
1. Kho st hm s vi m = 2. 1,00
Vi m = 2, hm s tr thnh:
4 2
y x 4x 4 = +
* TX: R
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* S bin thin ca hm s:
Gii hn v cc v cc ng tim cn: lim ; lim
x x
y y
+
= =
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- Bng bin thin:
+ Ta c:
=
= + =

=

3
0
' 4 8 ; ' 0
2
x
y x x y
x

+ Bng bin thin:
x
- 2 0 2 +
y + 0 - 0 + 0 -
y
0

-

0

-4 -
- Hm s ng bin trn mi khong
( )
; - 2 v
( )
0; 2
- Hm s nghch bin trn khong
( )
2; 0 v
( )
+ 2;
- im cc i ca th l
( )
2; 0 ,
( )
2; 0 im cc tiu ca th B(0;-4)
* th:
+ th ct trc tung ti ( ) 0; 4 v ct trc honh ti im
( )
2; 0 v
( )
2; 0
+ Nhn xt: th (C) nhn trc tung lm trc i xng.

2
-2
-4
-6
-8
-5 5 10
f x ( ) = -x
4
+4x
2
( )-4

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2. Tm m tt c cc cc tr ca hm s ( )
m
C nm trn cc trc ta .
1,00
I

Ta c:
( )
3 2
2
0
' 4 4 4 ; ' 0
x
y x mx x x m y
x m
=
= + = + =

=

Nu 0 m th ( )
m
C ch c mt im cc tr v l im cc i nm trn trc
tung.
Nu 0 m > th ( )
m
C c 3 im cc tr . Mt cc tiu nm trn trc tung v hai
im cc i c ta
2
( ; 4) m m ,
2
( ; 4) m m .
hai im ny nm trn trc honh th
2
4 0 2 m m = = . V 0 m > nn chn m = 2.
Vy { } ( ; 0] 2 m l nhng gi tr cn tm tha mn yu cu bi ton.
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3
1. Gii phng trnh lng gic 1,00
- k. cos 2x 0 x m , m Z.
4 2

+
Ta c: sin tan 2 3(sin 3 tan 2 ) 3 3 + = x x x x
(sin tan 2 3sin ) (3tan 2 3 3) 0 + + = x x x x

sin (tan 2 3) 3(tan 2 3) 0 (tan 2 3)(sin 3) 0 x x x x x + + = + =
tan 2 3 2 ( ).
3 6 2
k
x x k x k Z

= = + = + (tha mn)
Vy pt c mt h nghim : , .
6 2
= +

x k k Z


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2. Gii bt phng trnh 1,00


II
+ k: x 0; x 3.
Bt phng trnh
3 x
x 1
3 x
+
<

2
2
2x
0
3 x
2x 4x
x x
3 x (3 x)
x 0

>

< <

2
x (3; )
x 10x 9 0
+

+ <

x (3; )
x (3;9)
x (1;9)
+

(Tha mn iu kin)
Vy tp nghim ca bpt l : (3;9)
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Gii h phng trnh... 1,00

III
+ iu kin:
2 2
3 0, 8 0 x y y x + +
t ( )
2 2
3 , 8 , 0 u x y v y x u v = + = +
+ Ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
13 13 (2 1) 13
= = =


+ = + = + =

u v v u v u
u v u v u u


2
2 1
2 1 2
2
3 5 4 12 0
6
( )
5
=

= = =

= =

v u
v u u
u
v u u
u loai

+ Khi
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
4
3 3 2 3 4
4 8 9
8 3
8 9
3

=

+ = + =



| | + =

+ =

+ =
|

\
x
y
x y x y
x y x
y x
x


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4

2
4 2
4
3
8 72 65 0

=

+ =

x
y
x x x

2
2
2
1
4
4
1
3
3
1
5
( 1)( 5)( 4 13) 0
5
7
x
x
y
x
y
y
x
x
x x x x
x
y
=

=

=
=

=
=

+ + =

=
=


Kt hp vi iu kin ban u ta thu c tp hp nghim ca h phng trnh
l: { } (1;1), ( 5; 7) S =






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Tnh th tch . 1,00
IV


B C


A D

M K
N
B' C'

I
A' D'
+ Gi M,N ln lt l 2 tm ca 2 hnh vung ABB'A'; ADD'A'

1
MN B' D' B' D' 2a A' B' a 2
2
= = =

' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
'.
D C B A D C B ABCDA
S AA V = ( )
3
2
2 2 2 2 a a a = = (vtt)

+ Gi I l giao ca B'D' v A'C'
Trong (AA'C') k ' ; ' AC K AC IK
V ' ' ' ' ) ' (
' ' ' '
' ' '
D B IK D B C AA
D B C A
D B AA

)
`

Vy: IK D B AC d = ) ' ' , ' (
IK C' ng dng vi C' AA' .

IK C' I AA'.C' I a 2.a a
IK
AA' C' A C' A a 2. 3 3
= = = =
Kt lun: Khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v BD bng
3
a
.
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Tm GTNN ca biu thc. 1,00
V
Ta c:
xyz
z y x z y x
P
2 2 2 3 3 3
2
3
+ +
+
|
|

\
|
+ +
=
p dng bt: zx yz xy z y x b a ab b a + + + + +
2 2 2 2 2
, , 2 .
ng thc xy ra khi x = y = z.



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5
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+ +
|
|

\
|
+
+ +
+
+ +

z
z
y
y
x
x
P
xyz
zx yz xy z y x
P
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
3 3 3 3 3 3

+ Xt hm s
t
t
t f
2
3
) (
3
+ = vi 0 > t ;

2
4
2
2
2 2
) ( '
t
t
t
t t f

= = ;
4
2 0 ) ( ' = = t t f
+ BBT
t
0
4
2 +
( )
/
f t
0 +


( ) f t


+ +



4
8
3 2

Vy
4
8 4 P ng thc xy ra khi
4
2 = = = z y x . Hay
4
min
8 4 = P





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Chng trnh chun
a. Vit phng trnh ng thng. 1,00 VI


Ox ( ; 0), ( ; ) A A a B d B b b , (2;1) ( 2; 1), ( 2; 1) M MA a MB b b = =

.
Tam gic ABM vung cn ti M nn:

2 2 2
( 2)( 2) ( 1) 0
. 0
( 2) 1 ( 2) ( 1)
a b b
MAMB
MA MB a b b
=

= + = +

Nhn xt b=2 khng tha mn h phng trnh ny.
Ta c :
2
2 2 2 2 2
1
2
1
2 2
2
1
( 2) 1 ( 2) ( 1) 1 ( 2) ( 1)
2

=


=



| |

+ = + + = +
|

\
b
a
b
a b
b
b
a b b b b
b


2 2
2
2
1
2
1 2
1
4
( 2) ( 1) . 1 0
( 2)
3
=
=

(
=

( + =

(


=

a
b
a
b b
a
b b
b
b

Vi
2
1
a
b
=

ng thng qua A,B c phng trnh 2 0 x y + =

Vi
4
3
a
b
=

ng thng qua A,B c phng trnh 3 12 0 x y + =

Vy c hai ng thng tha mn: 2 0 x y + = v 3 12 0 x y + = .

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a. Tm ta tm ng trn 1,00 VII
(C
1
) A (C
2
)


O M I
B





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6
+(C
1
) c tm O(0;0), bn knh R=5
( ) < = R OM OM OM 5 2 ; 1 M nm trong ng trn (C
1
)
+ Gi s (C
2
) ct (C
1
) ti A v B. Gi H l trung im on AB.
2 2 2
25 2 2 2 OH OH OA AH AB = = = . M OH ln nht khi H trng
vi M.
Vy AB nh nht khi M l trung im ca AB. AB qua M v vung gc
vi OM.
+ Phng trnh ca AB: x 2y 5 = 0. Ta ca A,B l nghim h:

= +
=
25
0 5 2
2 2
y x
y x
. Gii h c hai nghim(5;0);(-3;-4).
+ Gi s A(5;0); B(-3;-4). Phng trnh ca OM: 2x + y = 0.
Gi I l tm ca (C
2
); Do ) 2 ; ( t t I OM I .
M IA = 10 2 => 40 4 ) 5 (
2 2
= + t t .Gii ra: t = -1 hoc t = 3.
t 1 I( 1, 2) = ; ) 6 , 3 ( 3 = I t
Vy tm ca (C
2
) c ta (-1 ; 2) hoc (3, -6).

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a. Tm nghim ca BPT. 1,00
VIII
+ k : 3 ; x N x
81
)! 2 2 (
)! 2 (
.
2
1
)! 2 (
! . 3
)! 3 ( ! 3
!
.
12

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
bpt

5
3
17
0 85 2 3
81 ) 1 2 ( ) 1 ( 3 ) 1 )( 2 ( 2
2

+

x x x
x x x x x x

+ Kt hp iu kin ta c { }. 5 ; 4 ; 3 x
Vy tp nghim ca pt l { } 5 ; 4 ; 3
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Chng trnh nng cao
b. Vit phng trnh. 1,00
VI
d1
d
d2
H C
B
A
P

Ta c
1 2
A d d = ta ca A l nghim ca h
( )
2 5 3 0 1
1; 1
5 2 7 0 1
x y x
A
x y y
+ + = =


= =


Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi
1 2
, d d l
( ) ( )
1 2
: 7 3 4 0, : 3 7 10 0 x y x y + = = .
V d to vi
1 2
, d d mt tam gic cn ti A nn
1 1
2 2
3 7 0
7 3 0
+ =

+ + =

d x y C
d x y C
. Mt khc
( 7;8) ( ) P d
nn
1 2
77, 25 C C = = .


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7
Suy ra:
:3 7 77 0
: 7 3 25 0
d x y
d x y
+ =

+ + =

Gi
1 2
, B d d C d d = = . Thy
1 2
(d ) (d ) tam gic ABC vung cn ti A
nn:
2
1 1 29
. 29
2 2 2
ABC
S AB AC AB AB

= = = = v 2 58 BC AB = =
Suy ra:
29
2
2 58
2
2
58
ABC
S
AH
BC

= = =
Vi : 3 7 77 0 d x y + = , ta c
2 2
3.1 7( 1) 77
87 58
( ; )
2 58
3 ( 7)
d A d AH
+
= = =
+
(loi)
Vi : 7 3 25 0 d x y + + = ta c
2 2
7.1 3( 1) 25
29 58
( ; )
2 58
7 3
d A d AH
+ +
= = = =
+
(t/mn).
Vy : 7 3 25 0 d x y + + =





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b. Vit phng trnh 1,00

VII



(C
1
) c tm I(2 ;-1); bn knh R
1
= 1.Vy (C
2
) c bn knh R
2
= 2
Gi J l tm ca (C
2
). Do ( ) 2 ; t t J d J
(C
1
) tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
) nn IJ = R
1
+ R
2
= 3 hay IJ
2
= 9.
( )

=
=
= = +
1
2
0 2 9 1 ) 2 (
2 2 2
t
t
t t t t
+ ( ) 4 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( : ) ( 1 ; 1 1
2 2
2
= + + + = y x C J t
+ ( ) 4 ) 4 ( ) 2 ( : ) ( 4 ; 2 2
2 2
2
= + + = y x C J t
Vy c 2 ng trn (C
2
) tha mn l: 4 ) 1 ( ) 1 (
2 2
= + + + y x
v 4 ) 4 ( ) 2 (
2 2
= + + y x
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b. Tm m 1,00
VIII

Ta c
( )
2
2
2 3
'
1
x x m
y
x
+ +
=
+

Hm s c C, CT khi pt y'=0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1.
2
2 3 0 x x m + + = c hai nghim phn bit khc 1
' 4 0
4
4 0
m
m
m
= >
<

Gi s th c im C,CT l ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y . Khi pt ng thng i
qua 2 im C,CT l y = 2x+m. Suy ra
1 1 2 2
2 ; 2 y x m y x m = + = + .
Hai im A, B nm v hai pha ca ng thng (d) khi
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2
2 1 2 1 0 4 1 4 1 0
16 4 1 1 0
x y x y x m x m
x x m x x m
+ + < + + <
+ + + <

Theo nh l Vi-et
1 2
1 2
2
3
x x
x x m
+ =

. Thay vo bpt trn, ta c:

2
6 39 0 3 4 3 3 4 3 + < < < + m m m .
Vy 3 4 3 3 4 3 < < + m
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