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I HC THI NGUYN TRNG I HC S PHM

TIU LUN

DUNG DCH BOOC

Hc vin: L Minh Thu Ngi hng dn: Hong Th Chin Lp ho: K 20 HSP Thi Nguyn Chuyn ngnh: Ho phn tch

DUNG DCH BOOC

1. Ngun gc dung dch booc. y l nhm thuc c nhn loi s dng nh thuc tr nm u tin. Thuc iu ch t hn hp dung dch ng sunfat vi vi, c Mila (P. M. A. Millardet; 1838 - 1902) pht minh nm 1885 vng Booc (Bordeaux; Php) tr bnh hi nho do nm mc sng (nm Plasmopara viticola) gy ra.
2. Thnh phn v c tnh ca thuc:

Nc thuc c mu lam nht, khng mi. S dng Booc phng tr nhiu loi bnh cy trng do nm v vi khun: cc bnh lot, so, m en cam qut; bnh g st c ph; bnh chm xm hi ch; bnh gic ban bng; bnh sng mai c chua, vv. Booc cn tr c a y v ru. i vi ngi v ng vt, Booc tng i t c. Cch pha ch: nng thng dng nht l 1% (1:1:100) 3. Hn hp Booc Cht c tc dng tr nm trong hn hp Booc l sulfat ng. Tuy nhin v nu phun dung dch sulfat ng ln cy rt d lm chy l cy. Do cn trung ho phn ng acid ca sulfat ng bng cch cho phn ng vi vi sng (CaO). Cng thc gm: - Sulfat ng : - Vi sng - Nc : : 1kg 1kg 100 lt

Hng 1kg sulfat ng cho tan ht trong 10 lt nc trong mt thng nha (khng dng thng kim loi v s b n mn v thng rt nhanh). Ho 1kg vi bt trong 10 lt nc trong mt thng khc. nc vi vo dung dch sulfat ng, t t va khuy tht u cho phn ng xy ra t t v ng u cho c dung dch sulfat ng, phn ng cho kt ta vi nhng ht mn, l lng lu trong hn hp. Nu phn ng nhanh v khng khuy u hoc ngc li dung dch sulfat ng vo vi th s nhn c kt ta vi ht to, mau lng di y thng.

Sau ho thm 80 lit nc cho 100 lit hn hp. Cn kim tra xem phn ng c hon ton khng bng cch dng 1 inh st khng b g st, nhng vo hn hp trong vi pht, nu cy inh st khng b i mu gch l hn hp phn ng hon ton, c th dng m khng lm chy l cy. Cn nu thy c mt lp mu gch cua bao ph trn inh, ra ngoi khng kh mt lt, nu lp chuyn sang mu en th nh vy nc thuc cn chua d gy hi cho cy trng, gp trng hp ny cn thm nc vi t t cho n khi no th li cy inh (hoc mi dao) khng thy hin tng b en nh trn th t yu cu. Cng c th o pH ca hn hp, khi pH = 7 l t. thuc c hiu qu cao, phi kim tra bnh thng xuyn, khi thy bnh chm pht sinh th phi phun thuc kp thi. Nu tr bnh th phun 7-10 ngy 1 ln, nu nga bnh th phun 1 thng 1 ln. Phun sao cho thuc bm u trn c hai mt l, trn cnh v trn thn. Ch : -Thuc dng n u pha thuc n , khng nn pha ch qu nhiu dng khng ht lu sang ngy hm sau, thuc s b mt phm cht. L do l sau khi yn mt thi gian, cht kt ta s thnh tinh th v lm gim tnh tri v tnh bm dnh ca hn hp, d nhin nh hng ln hiu qu ca thuc. Hn hp booc c th lu c vi ngy sau khi pha nu c ho thm 100 gam ng hoc mt r ng / 100 lt hn hp hoc c cc cht bn khc nh l sulfat st, magi cacbonat hoc oxit magi. -Khng nn phun thuc vo lc tri nhiu sng, m t, tri ma, nng gt hoc lc cy ang ra hoa. Nn phun vo cc bui sng v chiu khi tri du nng. -Khng nn phun cho nhng cy c sc chng chu km vi thuc nh u nnh, mng ct... 4. im v khuyt im ca dung dch thuc Booc a) im - C tnh tri v bm dnh tt. - Ph tr nm rt rng, c hiu qu c vi vi khun. - Rt t c i vi ngi, gia sc v gia cm; khng c i vi ong mt. - R tin b) Khuyt im

- C th c cho mt s loi cy trng nhy bn nh cy bng, cy o, u nnh, mng ct... - C khuynh hng lm ko di thi gian chn ca tri cy - Pha ch kh phin phc. - n mn cc thng cha bng kim loi. - c i vi c do khng c phun thuc nhng rung c kt hp nui c, khng c sc ra dng c pha ch hoc bnh bm thuc sau khi s dng cc ao nui c.

5. Tc dng ca thuc ln nm C nhiu thuyt gii thch cch tc ng ca hn hp Booc ln nm - Thuyt ca Millardet: CO2 trong khng kh v mui amonium tan trong nc tc ng ln hn hp sau khi phun v bm ln mt l lm sn sinh ra cacbonat vi v ng ho tan. Chnh ng ho tan tr nn c i vi nm. Ngy nay thuyt ny khng c chp nhn na. - Thuyt ca Mc Callan v Wilcoxon: Nm tit ra cc cht thng l acid (acid maleic trong trng hp ca nm Neurospora sitophila), lm ho tan ng thnh hydroxyt ng v ng di dng mui ng amino l nhng cht dit nm. - Thuyt ca Baker v Gimingham: Chnh k ch tit ra bn ngoi cc cht lm ho tan ng. 6. Booc kh thun li cho ngi s dng c hng sn xut hn hp booc kh nghin mn. Khi s dng ngi tiu th ch cn ho vi lng nc cn thit ri em phun. Thng thng nh sn xut cn trn thm cht bm dnh tng kh nng bm dnh ca thuc. Booc kh thng c pha trn v cc loi thuc khc tng hu hiu ca thuc, th d: Thuc Copp-Zinc l Booc kh trn vi Zineb v cc cht ph gia khc.