Ni dung: Lin kt gia ht to phc v cc phi t l lin kt cho nhn +) Nguyn t kim loi phi c obitan trng to lin

n kt vi cc obitan cha cp electron t do ca phi t +) Khi cc obitan trng ca nguyn t kim loi to phc c t hp thnh nhng obitan lai ho vi s nh hng khng gian xc nh ng vi s hnh thnh cc lin kt gia ht to phc v phi t trong phc cht. +) Lin kt phi tr c hnh thnh do s xen ph ca cc obitan lai ho cn trng ca kim loi vi cp electron t do ca phi t +) S xen ph ca cc obitan cng ln , lin kt cng bn

+)

Cu hnh khng gian ca phc cht ph thuc vo dng lai ho - Lai ho sp : cu hnh thng (Ag+ , Hg2+) - Lai ho sp3: cu hnh t din (Al3+ , Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Ti3+ ...) - Lai ho dsp2: cu hnh vung phng (Au3+, Pd2+ , Cu2+, Ni2+, Pt2+ ...) - Lai ho d2sp3: cu hnh bt din (Cr3+ , Pt4+ , Co3+ , Fe3+ , Rh3+ ... ) Cc obitan mun lai ho c vi nhau phi nng lng gn nhau v phi c cu hnh hnh hc v s nh hng ca obitan trong khng gian +) Cc dng lai ho v s phn b hnh hc ca phi t trong phc cht xc nh ch yu bi cu to electron ca ion trung tm . Ngoi ra chng cn ph thuc vo bn cht ca cc phi t. Sau y l nhng nhc im ca thuyt lin kt ho tr khi p dng vo lnh vc phc cht: Phng php ch hn ch cch gii thch nh tnh. Khng gii thch v tin on cc tnh cht t chi tit ca phc cht (v d s bt ng hng ca cm t, cng hng thun t v.v). Khng gii thch c nng lng tng i ca lin kt i vi cc cu trc khc nhau v khng tnh n vic tch nng lng ca cc phn mc d. Do , khng cho php gii thch v tin on v quang ph hp th ca cc phc cht. u im :ca thuyt lin kt ho tr l r rng, d hiu, cho php gii thch cu hnh khng gian khc nhau ca phc cht da trn khi nim v s lai ho cc obitan nguyn t, tnh cht cho - nhn ca lin kt, kh nng to thnh lin kt , nh hng ca tnh cht cc lin kt ho hc n tnh cht t v.v Cc vn ny c th hin cc thuyt hin i hn, nhng c gii thch theo mt cch khc su sc hn.

THUYT TRNG TINH TH Thuyt trng tinh th p dng vo phc cht v c v thc cht l s pht trin thuyt tnh in ca Coxen (Kossel). Tht vy, thuyt tnh in c thm nhng gii thch mang tnh cht lng t th gi l thuyt trng tinh th. Thot u thuyt ny c a ra gii thch tng tc gia cc ion trong tinh th nn mi c tn gi l thuyt trng tinh th. Ch t nhng nm th 50 ca th k XX thuyt trng tinh th mi c p dng nghin cu phc cht, nh cng lao ca nhiu nh nghin cu, c bit l Van Vlec (Van Vleck), Bet (H. Bethe), Hacman (Harman) v.v Thuyt trng tinh th da trn ba im c bn sau y: 1. Phc cht v c tn ti c mt cch bn vng l do tng tc tnh in gia ion trung tm v cc phi t. Cu hnh cn bng ca phc cht c xc nh bi s cn bng gia lc ht v lc y ca cc ion (hoc ion v cc lng cc). 2. Khi xt ion trung tm c ch n cu trc electron chi tit ca n, cn cc phi t c coi l khng c cu trc, m ch l nhng in tch im (hoc lng cc im) to nn trng tnh in bn ngoi i vi ion trung tm (gi l trng phi t). 3. Cc phi t nm quanh ion trung tm trn cc nh ca hnh a din, to nn nhng phc cht c cu trc i xng nht nh. u im:Thuyt trng tinh th c s dng gii thch v tin on nhiu c im v tnh cht ca phc cht: s phi tr, tnh cht t, tnh cht nhit ng v ph hp th electron. Thuyt trng tinh th cho chng ta phng php tho ng hn v chung hn nghin cu phc cht so vi thuyt lin kt ha tr. Nhc im: Tuy nhin, v ch ch n cu trc electron ca ion trung tm, khng xt n cu trc electron chi tit ca phi t cho nn thuyt khng m t c cc lin kt cng ho tr, ngha l hiu ng trao i electron gia phi t v nguyn t trung tm (s cng cng ho cc electron). Thuyt trng tinh th khng m t c cc lin kt kp, ngha l c mt ng thi lin kt v lin kt , v kh nng to thnh cc lin kt ph thuc vo cu to electron ca phi t. Do khng th m t c cc lin kt bi v lin kt cng ha tr nn thuyt ny khng th xt n cc phc cht

xyanua, cacbonyl, nitrozyl, a s cc hp cht ni phc, cc phc cht vi amin thm v.v Nu p dng thuyt trng tinh th vo cc i tng ny th cc kt lun thu c s khng ph hp vi cc d kin thc nghim. THUYT TTT - Mu sc phc cht ca bc x b hpth(nm) < 400 400 - 430 430 - 490 490 - 510 510 - 530 530 - 560 560 - 590 590 - 610 610 - 730 730 - 760 > 760 Mu ca bc x b hp th t ngoi gn tm xanh lc- xanh lc lc- vng vng da cam ta hng ngoi gn Mu trng thy (mu ph) vng- lc vng da cam ta tm xanh xanh-lc lc lc chm khng mu

THUYT MO TRONG PHC CHT Thuyt obitan phn t coi phn t phc cht cng nh phn t hp cht n gin, l mt ht thng nht bao gm nguyn t trung tm v phi t . Chuyn ng ca electron trong phn t c m t bng hm sng gi l obitan phn t (MO) . S t hp tuyn tnh cc obitan nguyn t ca nguyn t trung tm v phi t cho ta cc Obitan phn t lin kt (MOlk) v Obitan phn t phn lin kt (MOplk). iu kin cc obitan nguyn t t hp vi nhau l chng c th xen ph nhau , ngha l c cng kiu i xng.