Chng IV

Chng:halogen

PHAN NHOM CHNH NHOM VII NHOM HALOGEN

1. V TR CAC HALOGEN TRONG HE THONG TUAN HOAN

Gom co cac nguyen to 9F 17Cl 35Br 53I 85At. Phan t dang X2 nh F2 kh mau luc nhat, Cl2 kh mau vang luc, Br2 long mau nau o, I2 tinh the tm. De nhan them mot electron e at cau hnh ben vng cua kh hiem X + 1e = X- (X : F , Cl , Br , I ) F co o am ien ln nhat , ch co so oxi hoa 1. Cac halogen con lai ngoai so oxi hoa 1 con co so oxi hoa dng nh +1 , +3 , +5 , +7 Tnh tan cua muoi bac AgF AgCl AgBr AgI tan nhieu trang vang luc vang am Cl (75%) va 17 Cl (25%) M Cl=35,5 Cl2 co mot lien ket cong hoa tr, de dang tham gia phan ng, la mot chat oxihoa manh. Cl2 tham gia phan ng vi H2, kim loai tao clorua vi soh-1. TAC DUNG VI KIM LOAI (a so kim loai va co t0 e khi mau phan ng) tao muoi clorua t0 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

2. CLO trong t nhien Clo co 2 ong v

35 17

37

t 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 0 t Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 TAC DUNG VI HIDRO (can co nhiet o hoac co anh sang)

2HCl H2 + Cl2 Kh hidro clorua khong co tnh axit ( khong tac vi Fe) , khi hoa tan HCl vao nc mi tao thanh dung dch axit. TAC DUNG MOT SO HP CHAT CO TNH KH FeCl2 + Cl2 FeCl3
as t H2S + Cl2 2HCl + S Cl2 con tham gia phan ng vi vai tro va la chat oxihoa, va la chat kh. TAC DUNG VI NC khi hoa tan vao nc , mot phan Clo tac dung (Thuan nghch) Cl 0 HCl+ HClO ( Axit hipo clor) 2 + H 2O TAC DUNG VI NaOH tao nc Javen Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
0

3. FLO la chat oxihoa manh, tham gia phan ng vi hau het cac n chat va hp
chat tao florua vi soh -1. TAC DUNG KIM LOAI Ca + F2 CaF2 2Ag + F2 2AgF TAC DUNG VI HIDRO phan ng xay ra manh hn cac halogen khac , hon hp H2 , F2 no manh trong bong toi. H2 + F 2 2HF Kh HF tan vao nc tao dung dch HF. Dung dch HF la axit yeu, ac biet la hoa tan c SiO2 t0 4HF + SiO2 2H2O + SiF4 (s an mon thuy tinh c ng dung trong k thuat khac tren knh nh ve tranh khac ch). TAC DUNG NC kh flo qua nc se lam boc chay nc (do giai phong O2). 2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2

Chng:halogen

Phan ng nay giai thch v sao F2 khong ay Cl2 , Br2 , I2 ra khoi dung dch muoi hoac axit trong khi flo co tnh oxihoa manh hn .

4. BROM VA IOT la cac chat oxihoa yeu hn clo.

TAC DUNG VI KIM LOAI tao muoi tng ng t0 2Na + Br2 2NaBr 2Na + I2
t 2NaI 0 t 2Al + 3Br2 2AlBr3 0 t 2Al + 3I2 2AlI3
0

TAC DUNG VI HIDRO non g H2 + Br2 un 2HBr H2 + I 2

o hoat ong giam dan t Cl Br I Cac kh HBr, HI tan vao nc tao dung dich axit HBr

un non g 2 HI phan ng xay ra thuan nghch.

Ve o manh axit th lai tang dan t HCl < HBr < HI

+ H O ddaxit HBr HI + H O dd axit HI. 2 2

5. AXIT CLOHIDRIC (HCl) dung dch axit HCl co ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua
mot axit manh TAC DUNG CHAT CH TH dung dch HCl lam qu tm hoa o (nhan biet axit) HCl H+ + ClTAC DUNG KIM LOAI (ng trc H trong day Beketop) tao muoi (vi hoa tr thap cua kim loai) va giai phong kh hidro t0 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
t 2 Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Cu + HCl khong co phan ng TAC DUNG OXIT BAZ , BAZ tao muoi va nc NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
0

t CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O 0 t Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O TAC DUNG MUOI (theo ieu kien phan ng trao oi)

CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 CaCO3 + 2HCl AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 ( dung e nhan biet goc clorua ) Ngoai tnh chat ac trng la axit , dung dch axit HCl ac con the hien vai tro chat kh khi tac dung chat oxi hoa manh nh KMnO4 , MnO2 t0 4HCl- + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl 0 2 + 2H2O
6. MUOI CLORUA cha ion am clorua (Cl-) va cac ion dng kim loai, NH + 4 nh NaCl ZnCl2 CuCl2 AlCl3 NaCl dung e an, san xuat Cl2, NaOH, axit HCl KCl phan kali ZnCl2 tay g khi han, chong muc go BaCl2 chat oc CaCl2 chat chong am AlCl3 chat xuc tac 7. NHAN BIET dung Ag+ (AgNO3) e nhan biet cac goc halogenua. Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (trang)

2Ag + Cl2 ) (2AgCl Ag+ + Br- AgBr (vang nhat) + Ag + I AgI (vang am)
AS

Chng:halogen

I2 + ho tinh bot xanh lam 8. HP CHAT CHA OXI CUA CLO Trong cac hp chat cha oxi cua clo, clo co soh dng, c ieu che gian tiep. Cl2O Clo (I) oxit Cl2O7 Clo(VII) oxit HClO Axit hipo clor NaClO Natri hipoclorit HClO2 Axit clor NaClO2 Natri clorit HClO3 Axit cloric KClO3 kali clorat HClO4 Axit pe cloric KClO4 kali pe clorat Tat ca hp chat cha oxi cua clo ieu la chat oxihoa manh. NC ZAVEN la hon hp gom NaCl, NaClO va H2O co tnh oxi hoa manh, c ieu che bang cach dan kh Clo vao dung dch NaOH (KOH) Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O (Cl2 + 2KOH KCl + KClO + H2O) KALI CLORAT cong thc phan t KClO3 la chat oxihoa manh thng dung ieu che O2 trong phong th nghiem
2t 2KClO3 MnO 2KCl + O2 KClO3 c ieu che khi dan kh clo vao dung dch kiem ac a c un nong en 1000c 0 3Cl2 + 6KOH 100 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O CLORUA VOI cong thc phan t CaOCl2 la chat oxihoa manh, c ieu che bang cach dan clo vao dung dch Ca(OH)2 ac Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaOCl2 + H2O Neu Ca(OH)2 loang 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + 2H2O 9. IEU CHE CLO nguyen tac la kh cac hp chat Cl- tao Cl0 TRONG PHONG TH NGHIEM cho HCl am ac tac dung vi cac chat oxihoa manh 0

2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl

t MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O TRONG CONG NGHIEP dung phng phap ien phan
0

H2 + 2NaOH + Cl2 2NaCl + 2H2O

P DD CMN

2Na+ Cl2 2NaCl 10. IEU CHE HCl PHNG PHAP SUNFAT cho NaCl tinh the vao dung dch H2SO4 am ac
P NC t cao Na2SO4 + 2HCl 2NaCltt + H2SO4
0

NaHSO4 + HCl NaCltt + H2SO4 PHNG PHAP TONG HP ot hon hp kh hidro va kh clo 2HCl hidro clorua H2 + Cl2 11. IEU CHE HF bang phng phap sunfat t0 CaF2(tt) + H2SO4() CaSO4 + 2HF
as

t 0 thap

BAI TAP LUYEN TAP 1.2 . CAC HALOGEN . CLO

1) Neu iem giong va khac nhau gia cac Halogen ve cau tao va hoa tnh. 2) T cau tao cua nguyen t clo, hay neu tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng va viet cac phan ng minh hoa. 3) V sao clo am co tnh tay trang con clo kho th khong? 4) Viet 3 phng trnh phan ng chng to clo co tnh oxi hoa, 2 phng trnh phan ng chng to clo co tnh kh.

5) Clo co the tac dung vi chat nao sau ay? Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra: Al
(to) ; Fe (to) ; H2O ; KOH ; KBr; Au (tO) ; NaI ; dung dch SO2 6) Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng sau: a)MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Clorua voi b) KMnO4 Cl2 KCl Cl2 axit hipoclor NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 HClO HCl NaCl c) Cl2 Br2 I2 HCl FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 7) Can bang cac phan ng oxi hoa kh sau: a) KMnO4 + HCl KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O b) KClO3 + HCl KCl + Cl2 + H2O c) KOH + Cl2 KCl + KClO3 + H2O d) Cl2 + SO2 + H2O HCl + H2SO4 e) Fe3O4 + HCl FeCl2 + FeCl3 + H2O f) CrO3 + HCl CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O g) Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O 8) a) T MnO2, HCl ac, Fe hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che Cl2, FeCl2 va FeCl3. b) T muoi an, nc va cac thiet b can thiet, hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng ieu che Cl2 , HCl va nc Javel . 9) ot nhom trong bnh ng kh clo th thu c 26,7 (g) muoi. Tm khoi lng clo va nhom a tham gia phan ng? S: 21,3 (g) ; 5,4 (g) 10) Tnh the tch clo thu c (kc) khi cho 15,8 (g) kali pemanganat (KMnO4) tac dung axit clohiric am ac. S: 5,6 (l) 11) ieu che mot dung dch axit clohiric bang cach hoa tan 2 (mol) hiro clorua vao nc. un axit thu c vi mangan ioxit co d. Hoi kh clo thu c sau phan ng co u tac dung vi 28 (g) sat hay khong? S: Khong 12) Gay no hon hp ba kh A, B, C trong bnh kn. Kh A ieu che bang cach cho axit HCl d tac dung 21,45 (g) Zn. Kh B thu c khi phan huy 25,5 (g) natri nitrat (2NaNO 3 to NaNO2 + O2). Kh C thu c do axit HCl d tac dung 2,61 (g) mangan ioxit. Tnh nong o phan tram cua chat trong dung dch thu c sau khi gay no. S: 28,85% 13) Cho 3,9 (g) kali tac dung hoan toan vi clo. San pham thu c hoa tan vao nc thanh 250 (g) dung dch. a) Tnh the tch clo a phan ng (kc). b) Tnh nong o phan tram dung dch thu c. S: a) 1,12 (l) ; b) 2,98% 14) Cho 10,44 (g) MnO2 tac dung axit HCl ac. Kh sinh ra (kc) cho tac dung va u vi dung dch NaOH 2 (M). a) Tnh the tch kh sinh ra (kc). b) Tnh the tch dung dch NaOH a phan ng va nong o (mol/l) cac chat trong dung dch thu c. S: a) 2,688 (l) ; b) 0,12 (l) ; 1 (M) ; 1 (M)

Chng:halogen

3 . HIRO CLORUA AXIT CLOHIRIC MUOI CLORUA

1) Hay viet cac phng trnh phan ng chng minh rang axit clohiric co ay u tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot axit. 2) Viet 1 phng trnh phan ng chng to axit HCl co tnh oxi hoa, 1 phng trnh phan ng chung to HCl co tnh kh. 3) Cho cac chat sau: KCl, CaCl2 , MnO2 , H2SO4 ac. Tron 2 hoac 3 chat vi nhau. Tron nh the nao e tao thanh hiro clorua? Tron nh the nao e tao thanh clo? Viet phng trnh phan ng. 4) Viet 3 phng trnh phan ng ieu che sat (III) clorua.

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5) Neu hien tng xay ra khi a ra ngoai anh sang ong nghiem cha bac clorua co nho them t giot dung dch quy tm. Giai thch. 6) Axit HCl co the tac dung nhng chat nao sau ay? Viet phan ng xay ra: Al, Mg(OH)2 , Na2SO4 , FeS, Fe2O3 , Ag2SO4 , K2O, CaCO3 , Mg(NO3)2 . 7) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho lan lt cac chat trong nhom A {HCl, Cl2} tac dung vi lan lt cac chat trong nhom B {Cu, AgNO3 , NaOH, CaCO3}. 8) T KCl, H2SO4 ac, MnO2 , Fe, CuO, Zn, hay ieu che FeCl3 , CuCl2 , ZnCl2 . 9) T NaCl, H2O, Fe va cac thiet b can thiet, hay ieu che FeCl3 , FeCl2 , Fe(OH)2 , Fe(OH)3. 10) Nhan biet cac dung dch mat nhan sau bang phng phap hoa hoc: a) KOH, K2SO4 , KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 b) HCl, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 , Na2SO4 c) HCl, HNO3 , H2SO4 , HBr d) KCl, K2SO4 , KNO3 , KI e) BaCl2 , K2SO4 , Al(NO3)3 , Na2CO3 11) Nhan biet cac dung dch sau bang phng phap hoa hoc: a) NaNO3 , NaCl, HCl. b) NaCl, HCl, H2SO4 12) Hoa tan 1 (mol) hiro clorua vao nc roi cho vao dung dch o 300 (g) dung dch NaOH 10%. Dung dch thu c co phan ng g? Axit, baz hay trung hoa? S: Tnh axit 13) Cho axit H2SO4 ac tac dung het vi 58,5 (g) NaCl, un nong. Hoa tan kh tao thanh vao 146 (g) nc. Tnh C% dung dch thu c. S: 33,3% 14) Co mot dung dch cha ong thi HCl va H 2SO4 . Cho 200 (g) dung dch o tac dung dung dch BaCl2 d tao c 46,6 (g) ket tua. Loc ket tua, trung hoa nc loc phai dung 500 (ml) dung dch NaOH 1,6 (M). Tnh C% moi axit trong dung dch au. S: H2SO4 9,8% ; HCl 7,3% 15) ien cac hp chat cha clo vao cac ky t A, B cho phu hp: a) A1 + H2SO4 = B1 + Na2SO4 b) A2 + CuO = B2 + CuCl2 c) A3 + CuSO4 = B3 + BaSO4 d) A4 + AgNO3 = B4 + HNO3 e) A5 + Na2S = B5 + H2S f) A6 + Pb(NO3)2 = B6 + KNO3 g) A7 + Mg(OH)2 = B7 + H2O h) A8 + CaCO3 = B8 + H2O + CO2 i) A9 + FeS = B9 + H2S 16) Thc hien chuoi phan ng sau: a) NaCl HCl Cl2 HClO HCl AgCl Ag CuCl2 HCl b) KMnO4 Cl2 CuCl2 FeCl2 HCl HCl CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 c) KCl HCl Cl2 Br2 I2 FeCl3 AgCl Ag 17) Hoa tan 31,2 (g) hon hp A gom Na2CO3 va CaCO3 vao dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 (l) CO2 (kc). Tnh khoi lng tng chat trong A. S: 21,2 (g) Na2CO3 ; 10 (g) CaCO3 18) Cho 27,8 (g) hon hp B gom Al va Fe tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 (l) H2 (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong B. S: 19,42% Al ; 80,58% Fe 19) Cho 24 (g) hon hp G gom Mg va MgCO3 tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 (l) hon hp kh gom H2 va CO2 (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong G. S: 30% Mg ; 70% MgCO3

Chng:halogen

20) Hoa tan 34 (g) hon hp G gom MgO va Zn vao dung dch HCl d thu c 73,4 (g) hon hp muoi G. Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong G. S: 23,53% MgO ; 76,47% Zn 21) Cho 31,4 (g) hon hp G gom Al va Zn tac dung va u vi dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 15,68 (l) H2 (kc). a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong G. b) Tnh the tch HCl a dung. S: 17,20% Al ; 82,80% Zn 22) Hoa tan 64 (g) hon hp X gom CuO va Fe 2O3 vao dung dch HCl 20%. Sau phan ng, co can dung dch thu c 124,5 (g) hon hp muoi khan G. a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. b) Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. S: 75% ; 25% ; 219 (g) 23) Cho 11,9 (g) hon hp G gom Al va Zn tac dung va u vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c m (g) hon hp muoi Gva V (l) kh (kc). a) Tnh khoi lng tng chat trong G. b) Tnh the tch kh thoat ra (kc). c) Tnh khoi lng hon hp muoi G. S: 5,4 (g) ; 6,5 (g) ; 8,96 (l) ; 40,3 (g) 24) Cho a (g) hon hp A gom CaO va CaCO3 tac dung va u vi 300 (ml) dung dch HCl thu c 33,3 (g) muoi CaCl2 va 4480 (ml) kh CO2 (kc). a) Tnh khoi lng hon hp A. b) Tnh nong o HCl a dung. S: 25,6 (g) ; 2 (M) 25) Hoa tan hoan toan 20 (g) hon hp Y gom Zn va Cu vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 0,5 (M) thu c 4,48 (l) H 2 (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong Y va the tch axit a dung. S: 65% Zn ; 35% Cu ; 800 (ml) 26) Cho 13,6 (g) hon hp X gom Fe va Fe2O3 tac dung va u vi 91,25 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. b) Tnh nong o % dung dch sau phan ng. S: 41,18% Fe ; 58,82% Fe2O3 27) Co 26, 6 (g) hon hp gom hai muoi KCl va NaCl. Hoa tan hon hp vao nc thanh 500 (g) dung dch. Cho dung dch tac dung vi AgNO 3 va u th tao thanh 57,4 (g) ket tua. Tnh nong o % moi muoi trong dung dch au. S: KCl 2,98% ; NaCl 2,34% 28) Hoa tan hoan toan mot hon hp A gom Zn va ZnO can dung 100,8 (ml) dung dch HCl 36,5% (d = 1,19) thu c 8,96 (l) kh (kc). Tnh khoi lng A. S: 42,2 (g) 29) Chia 35 (g) hon hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thanh 2 phan bang nhau: Phan I: cho tac dung hoan toan dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc). Phan II: cho tac dung va u 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc). Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. S: 30) Cho 25,3 (g) hon hp A gom Al, Fe, Mg tac dung va u vi 400 (ml) dung dch HCl 2,75 (M) thu c m (g) hon hp muoi X va V (ml) kh (kc). Xac nh m (g) va V (ml). S: 64,35 (g) ; 12,32 (l) 31) Hoa tan 23,8 (g) hon hp muoi gom mot muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr I va mot muoi cacbonat cua kim loai hoa tr II vao dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,4 (g) kh. em co can dung dch sau phan ng th thu c bao nhieu gam muoi khan? S: 26 (g) 32) e hoa tan 4,8 (g) kim loai R hoa tr II phai dung 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2(M). Tm R. S: Mg 33) Cho 19,2 (g) kim loai R thuoc nhom II vao dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 (l) kh (kc). Tm R. S: Mg

Chng:halogen

34) Hoa tan 16 (g) oxit cua kim loai R hoa tr III can dung 109,5 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. Xac nh ten R. S:Fe 35) Hoa tan 15,3 (g) oxit cua kim loai M hoa tr II vao mot lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c 20,8 (g) muoi. Xac nh ten M va khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. S: Ba ; 40 (g) 36) Hoa tan 21,2 (g) muoi R2CO3 vao mot lng dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 23,4 (g) muoi. Xac nh ten R va the tch dung dch HCl a dung. S: Na ; 200 (ml) 37) Hoa tan hoan toan 1,17 (g) mot kim loai A co hoa tr khong oi vao dung dch HCl 1,2 (M) th thu c 0,336 (l) kh. Tm ten kim loai A va the tch dung dch HCl a dung. S: K ; 25 (ml)

4. HP CHAT CHA OXY CUA CLO

1) Ke ten mot so muoi cua axit cha oxi cua clo. Neu phng phap chung e ieu che chung? Viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa cho tng chat. 2) Viet phng trnh phan ng thc hien chuoi bien hoa sau: a) Kali clorat kali clorua hiro clorua ong (II) clorua bari clorua bac clorua clo kali clorat b) Axit clohiric clo nc Javen clorua voi clo brom iot c) CaCO3 CaCl2 NaCl NaOH NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 AgCl 3) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra khi cho cac chat trong nhom A lan lt tac dung cac chat trong nhom B. a) A: HCl, Cl2 B: KOH ac (to), dung dch AgNO3 , Fe, dung dch KBr b) A: HCl, Cl2 B: KOH (to thng), CaCO3 , MgO , Ag 4) Khi un nong muoi kali clorat khong xuc tac th muoi b phan huy ong thi theo hai phng trnh sau: (a) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 (b) 4KClO3 3KClO4 + KCl Hay tnh: Bao nhieu % khoi lng b phan huy theo (a)? Bao nhieu % khoi lng b phan huy theo (b)? Biet rang khi phan huy hoan toan 73,5 (g) KClO3 th thu c 33,5 (g) KCl. 5) Cho 69,8 (g) MnO2 tac dung vi axit HCl ac. Dan kh clo thu c vao 500 (ml) dung dch NaOH 4 (M) nhiet o thng. a) Viet phng trnh phan ng xay ra. b) Tnh nong o mol cua cac muoi trong dung dch thu c, coi the tch dung dch thay oi khong ang ke.

5.6. FLO BROM - IOT

1) So sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua flo, brom va iot vi clo. 2) Viet cac phng trnh phan ng e chng to quy luat: hoat ong hoa hoc cua cac halogen giam dan theo chieu tang ien tch hat nhan nguyen t cua chung. Giai thch? 3) Tai sao co the ieu che nc clo nhng khong the ieu che nc flo? 4) Hiro florua thng c ieu che bang cach cho axit sunfuric ac tac dung vi canxi florua. Hay tnh khoi lng canxi florua can thiet e ieu che 2,5 (kg) dung dch axit flohiric 40%. 5) Thc hien chuoi phan ng sau: a) I2 KI KBr Br2 NaBr NaCl Cl2 HI AgI HBr AgBr b) H2

Chng:halogen

F2 CaF2 HF SiF4 c) KMnO4 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Cl2 clorua voi d) HBr Br2 AlBr3 MgBr2 Mg(OH)2 I2 NaI AgI 6) Nhan biet cac hoa chat mat nhan sau: a) Dung dch: HCl, KCl, KBr, NaI. b) Dung dch: I2 , Na2CO3 , NaCl, NaBr. c) Dung dch: KOH, HCl, HNO3 , K2SO4 , BaCl2 . d) Chat ran: CaCO3 , K2CO3 , NaCl, KNO3 . e) Chat ran: AgCl, KCl, BaCO3 , KI. 7) un nong MnO2 vi axit HCl ac, d thu c kh A. Tron kh A vi 5,6 (l) H 2 di tac dung cua anh sang th phan ng xay ra. Kh A con d sau phan ng cho tac dung vi dung dch KI th thu c 63,5 (g) I2. Tnh khoi lng MnO2 a dung, biet cac the tch kh eu o kc.

MOT SO CAU HOI ON TAP CHUNG

1) Viet a. b. c. d. e. f. 2) Viet a. phng trnh ma trong o: Clo the hien tnh oxi-hoa . Clo va the hien tnh oxi-hoa va the hien tnh kh. HCl the hien tnh oxi-hoa. HCl the hien tnh kh HF the hien tnh chat ac biet cua mot axit . HCl the hien tnh axit. phng trnh chng minh: Tnh oxi hoa cua cac halogen giam dan t Flo en Iot. b. Viet hai phng trnh chng minh Cl2 co tnh oxihoa. Viet hai phng trnh trong o Cl2 va the hien tnh oxihoa va the hien tnh kh. c. Viet phng trnh trong o co axt clohidric tham gia vi vai tro la chat oxihoa, chat kh, la mot phan ng trao oi. 3) Hay cho biet: a. Tai sao khi ieu che HCl t NaCl ta phai dung NaCl dang tinh the va H2SO4 am ac b. Tai sao nc clo co tnh tay mau nhng e lau ngoai khong kh khong con tnh chat nay. c. Tai sao ta co the ieu che HF, HCl t muoi tng ng va axt H 2SO4 am ac ma khong ieu che c HBr, HI bang cach nay. d. Nc clo la g? Tai sao nc clo co tnh tay mau? Neu e lau ngoai khong kh th nc clo con tnh tay mau khong? e. Nc Javen la g? Clorua voi? Kaliclorat? f. Tai sao khong dung bnh thuy tinh e ng dung dch HF? g. Tai sao ieu che Cl2, Br2, I2 t HX va MnO2 ma khong dung cac tng t e ieu che F2? e ngh phng phap ieu che F2. h. Tai sao ieu che c nc clo ma khong ieu che c nc flo? i. Tai sao khong dung bnh thep am e ng kh clo? j. Khi ieu che Cl2 t NaCl bang phng phap ien phan dung dch th thiet b phai co mang ngan, tai sao? k. Tai sao dung dd HF e khat kieng? l. Bang cach nao co the phat hien trong bnh ng kh HCl co lan kh Cl2? 4) Giai thch cac hien tng sau: a. M bnh ng kh hidroclorua trong khong kh am th xuat hien khoi. b. Cho mau giay quy tm am vao bnh ng kh clo th luc au quy chuyen sang mau o sau o chuyen sang mau trang (khong mau), tai sao? c. Dan kh clo qua bnh ng dung dch KI co ho tinh bot th dung dch dan chuyen sang mau xanh ac trng.

Chng:halogen

d. Cho bot CuO (mau en) vao dung dch HCl th dung dch dan chuyen sang mau xanh. 5) Quan sat hien tng, giai thch hien tng, viet phng trnh phan ng: a. Khi kh Clo suc qua dung dch hon hp KI va ho tinh bot. b. a ong nghiem ng AgCl co vai giot quy tm ra ngoai anh sang. c. Dan kh Cl2 lan lt vao cac dung dch: NaCl, KI co ho tinh bot, NaBr. Neu thay bang Br2. 6) Viet phan ng khi cho kh Clo tac dung vi Fe, H2O, KOH. T cac phan ng hay cho biet vai tro cua Clo. 7) Viet phng trnh phan ng (neu co) a. Cho Cl2 gap lan lt cac chat sau: Kh H2S, dung dch H2S, NaBr, HI, CaF2, Al, Cu, Fe, NH3 dung dch Na2SO3, dung dch Na2S, dung dch KOH. b. Cho HCl gap lan lt cac chat sau: CaCO 3, KOH, NaClO, KClO3, MnO2, KMnO4, AgNO3, NaBr, CuO, Mg, Fe, Cu. c. Cho axt H2SO4 am ac tac dung lan lt vi cac muoi khan sau: CaF 2, NaCl, NaBr, KI. Neu thay bang dung dch H2SO4 va dung dch cac muoi o th co xay ra phan ng hay khong? d. CO2 tac dung vi dung dch CaOCl2, e. Dung dch HCl am ac tac dung vi CaOCl2 co nhiet. 8) Cho cac chat sau : KCl, MnO2, CaCl2, H2SO4 . em tron 2 hoac 3 chat vi nhau nh the nao e thu c kh Hidroclorua ? kh Clo ? Viet cac phng trnh phan ng. 9) Dung phan ng hoa hoc nao e sap xep c tnh chat ac trng o gia cac halogen ? 10) Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dung dch sau (ch dung 1 thuoc th): a. HCl, AgNO3, KBr, KI, CaF2, KOH. b. HCl, AgNO3, HBr, HI, KOH, nc clo. c. HCl, AgNO3, HBr, KI, HF, KOH. d. HCl, HI, NaCl, KBr, KOH, CaF, Nc Clo (c dung thuoc th tuy y). 11) Ch dung mot thuoc th nhan biet cac dung dch sau: a. HCl, MgCl2, KBr, KI, NaOH, AgNO3, CaF2. b. NH4Cl, FeCl3, MgBr2, KI. 12) Hoan thang cac phng trnh phan ng sau ( ghi ro ieu kien) (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) (5) ( 6) a. NaCl HCl FeCl2 FeCl3 AgCl Cl2 Clorua voi (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) (5) ( 6) b. NaCl Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl FeCl3 NaCl (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6) c. KClO3 Cl2 Cl2 Clorua voi Cl2 NaClO nc clo (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) d. Natriclorua Hidroclorua Magieclorua Kaliclorua Kh (5) ( 6) clo Kaliclorat Kalipeclorat

MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 NaClO NaCl Cl2. NaCl NaOH NaCl HCl Cl2 KClO3 KCl KNO3. KMnO4 Cl2 NaCl HCl CuCl2 NaCl Cl2 NaClO NaCl HCl. MnO2 Cl2 HCl NaCl Cl2 Br2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 NaCl HCl k. A C E NaCl NaCl NaCl NaCl B D F 1 2 3 4 l. KMnO4 Cl2 NaCl HCl FeCl2 5 nc Javen 1 2 3 4 m. NaCl HCl Cl2 HCl CuCl2 5 nc clo

e. f. g. h. i. j.

Chng:halogen
3 4 NaCl FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 Cl2 HCl 5 Nc Javen (1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) o. Natriclorua Hidroclorua Magieclorua Kaliclorua Kh (5) ( 6) clo Kaliclorat Kalipeclorat 13) Cho biet cac chat sau co cung ton tai hay khong? Tai sao? a. Cl2 & dung dch H2S b. NaCl & Br2 c. Cl2 & dung dch KI d. HCl & Na2CO3 e. Cl2 & kh H2S f. N2 & Cl2 g. dd HCl& AgNO3 h. CuO & dd HCl i. Cl2 & dd NaBr j. dd NaOH & Cl2 k. dd HCl& Fe3O4 l. Ag2O & dd HCl 14) T NaCl, H2SO4, Fe Viet phng trnh phan ng ieu che FeCl3, FeCl2. 15) T KCl va H2O viet phng trnh ieu che: nc Javen, Kalipeclorat 16) T MnO2, NaCl, H2O viet phng trnh ieu che HCl va O2 . 17) Cho 19,5 g Zn tac dung vi 7 lt kh clo (kc) thu c 36,72 g muoi. Tnh hieu suat phan ng. 18) Cho 10,3 g hon hp Cu, Al, Fe vao dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc) va 2 g chat khong tan. a. Viet cac phan ng xay ra va tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp. b. Neu nung nong hon hp tren sau o cho tac dung vi kh clo. Tnh the tch clo can dung e phan ng va u. 19) Cho 30,6 g hon hp Na2CO3 va CaCO3 tac dung vi mot lng va u dd HCl 20% tao thanh 6,72 lt mot chat kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl can dung. c. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 20) Hoa tan m g hon hp Zn va ZnO can va u 100,8 ml dd HCl 36,5% (d=1,19g/ml) thay thoat mot chat kh va 161,352 g dung dch A. a. Tnh m. b. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 21) Cho 3,87 hon hp gom Mg va Al tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan thu c 4,368 lt kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp trong hon hp. b. Tnh nong o mol cac chat co trong dung dch sau phan ng, biet the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl (co 5% tap chat) can dung e ieu che u lng axt tren biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 22) Mot hon hp gom Cu va Fe co tong khoi lng la 12 g c cho vao 400ml dung dch HCl 1M. Sau phan ng thu c 6,4 g chat ran, dung dch A va V lt kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai. b. Tnh V. c. Lay 360 ml dung dch NaOH 1M cho vao dung dch A, tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c. 23) Cho 2,02 g hon hp Mg va Zn vao coc (1) ng 200ml dung dch HCl. Sau phan ng co can dung dch c 4,86 g chat ran. Cho 2,02 g hon hp tren vao coc (2) ng 400ml ung dch HCl nh tren, sau phan ng co can dung dch c 5,57 g chat ran. a. Tnh the tch kh thoat ra coc (1) (kc) b. Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch HCl.

n.

Chng:halogen

Tnh % khoi lng noi kim loai. 24) Mot hon hp gom Zn va CaCO3 cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 17,92 lt (kc). Cho hon hp kh qua dung dch KOH 32% (D= 1,25g/ml) th thu c mot muoi trung tnh va the tch kh giam i 8,96 lt. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh the tch dung dch KOH can dung. 25) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi 1500 ml dung dch axit HCl a M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm a, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 30% so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho b g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 13,419 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. 26) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi V lt dung dch axit HCl 1M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm V, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 20 % so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho a g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 22,365 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. Hoa tan 10,55g hon hp Zn va ZnO vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 10% th thu c 2,24lt kh H2(kc). d. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. e. Tnh nong o % cua muoi trong dung dch thu c. f. Cho 6,33 g hon hp tren tac dung vi Cl 2, tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh, biet hieu suat phan ng la 85%. 27) Hoa tan hoan toan 9g hon hp Fe va Mg vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,48lt kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Dan kh Clo d vao dung dch A, sau o co can dung dch th thu c bao nhieu gam chat ran. c. Dung dch HCl tren co CM= 1M (d=0,98g/ml) va dung d 30 % so vi ly thuyet. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. 28) Hoa tan hoan toan 13,6 g hon hp sat va oxit vi hoa tr cao cua no vao 600 ml dung dch axit HCl 1M. thu c 2240 ml kh (kc). a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. Tnh CM cac chat thu c sau phan ng, gia s the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl can thiet e ieu che lng axt tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 29) Cho 12 g hon hp gom sat va ong tac dung vi dd HCl d thu c 2240 ml kh (kc). a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung vi kh Clo, tnh % khoi lng cac muoi thu c. c. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl can thiet e ieu che lng clo tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 30) Hoa tan hoan toan 5,7 g hon hp CaCO3 va Fe trong 250 ml dd HCl 1M thu c 2,464 ml kh (kc) a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. b. Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch thu c, biet the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng H2 can thiet e ieu che lng HCl tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 31) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi 1500 ml dung dch axit HCl a M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A.

c.

Chng:halogen

b. Tm a, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 30% so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho b g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 13,419 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. Hoa tan 10,55g hon hp Zn va ZnO vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 10% th thu c 2,24lt kh H2(kc). d. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. e. Tnh nong o % cua muoi trong dung dch thu c. f. Cho 6,33 g hon hp tren tac dung vi Cl 2, tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh, biet hieu suat phan ng la 85%. 32) Hoa tan hoan toan 9g hon hp Fe va Mg vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,48lt kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Dan kh Clo d vao dung dch A, sau o co can dung dch th thu c bao nhieu gam chat ran. c. Dung dch HCl tren co CM= 1M (d=0,98g/ml) va dung d 30 % so vi ly thuyet. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung.

CAC PHAN NG CHNH TRONG CHNG HALOGEN

1) Na + Cl2 2) Fe + Cl2 3) Cu + Cl2 4) H2 + Cl2 5) P + Cl2 6) N2 + Cl2 7) H2O + Cl2....... 8) NaOH + ......Cl2 9) KOH + Cl2 (nhiet o) 10). HI + Cl2 11) HBr + Cl2..... 12) NaBr + Cl2 13) NaF + Cl2 14) SO2 + H2O +Cl2 15) FeCl2+ Cl2 16) FeBr2 +Cl2 17) Ca(OH)2+Cl2 18). FeSO4+....Cl2 19) Na2CO3+Cl2 20) Na2SO3+Cl2 21) Na2S+Cl2 22) MnO2 +HCl 23) KMnO4+HCl 24) NaClO +HCl 25) KClO3 +HCl 26) Mg+HCl 27) Fe+HCl 28) Cu+HCl 29) CuO+HCl 30) Fe3O4+HCl 31) FeO+HCl 32) Fe2O3 +HCl 33) Fe3O4 +HCl 34) Mg(OH)2+HCl 35) Fe(OH)2+HCl 36) Fe(OH)3+HCl 37) CaCO3 +HCl

38) Na2S +HCl 39) NaHSO3+HCl 40) Na2SO3+HCl 41) NaHSO4+HCl 42) AgNO3+HCl 43) Ba(NO3)2+HCl 44) PbO2+HCl 45) K2Cr2O3+HCl 46) NaCltt +H2SO4 47) NaCltt +H2SO4 48) AgNO2+NaCl 49) NaClO + H2O +CO2 50) CaOCl2+HCl 51) CaOCl2 + H2O +CO2 52) KClO3 (t0,xt/ k xt) 53) F2+H2 54) F2+H2O 55) CaF2+H2SO4 56) SiO2+HF 57) Br2+H2 58) I2+H2 59) Br2+NaI 60) Br2+ FeCl2 61) Br2+H2O 62) Br2 +Cl2 + H2O 63) PBr3+H2O 64) HBr+H2SO4 65) HI+H2SO4 66) AgNO3+NaI 67) AgNO3+NaBr 68) Br2+Al 69) I2+Al 70) Cl2+NaI 71) I2+H2SO4 72) Br2+H2SO4 73) HI+O2 74) HBr+O2 75) HI+FeCl3 76) NaHCO3 tao Na2CO3: 77) NaHCO3 tao BaCO3: 78) NaHSO3 tao Na2SO3: 79) NaHSO3 tao BaSO4: 80) NaHSO3 tao K2SO3 81) NaHCO3 tao NaCl: 82) Na2CO3 tao BaCO3: 83) Na2 SO3 tao NaH SO3: 84)Na2SO3 tao NaHCO3:

Chng:halogen