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TRONG CNG NGH CC SN PHM LN MEN Nc chm l tn chung ch cc loi gia v dng lng cha ch yu l aa, mui n v hng v c trng ring ca sn phm (ty tng cng ty). Nc chm c sn xut t cc nguyn liu giu protein v bng hai phng php: phng php s dng vi sinh vt v phng php ha hc. Nguyn liu: kh u nnh Vi sinh vt: ging nm mc dng trong sn xut nc chm c th l A. oryae, A. teriol, A. mellieus, A. niger, A. ochracus Yu cu: ging vi sinh vt a vo sn xut phi m bo cc iu kin sau: c nh hng tt n s to hng, c hot lc protease cao, khng cha c t Aflatoxin iu kin nhn ging v gi ging: Mi trng: ng 40g, nc chit u 25g, thch 25g, pH t 5.5-6.0 Nui t 28-300C trong 3-4 ngy So snh nc chm c sn xut theo phng php ln men v phng php ha hc
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2.
TRONG CNG NGH SN XUT CC SN Nc mm l dung dch aa, NaCl, cc cht thm c
PHM LN MEN T THY SN (nc mm) to ra trong qu trnh ln men. Bn cht ca qu trnh sn xut nc mm gm c 2 qu trnh chuyn ha c bn: Chuyn ha protid thnh aa: qu trnh ny do protease ca vsv v protease trong ty tng c. Qu trnh thy phn xy ra nh nh hng ca nhit l chnh. Trong qu trnh ny protid b thy phn thnh peptid, aa. Nu qu trnh xy ra trit s tn lng m cn thit c trong nc mm, va to mi kh chu cho sn phm. Qu trnh to hng thm Mt s qu trnh cn lu : qu trnh ln men, qu trnh thy phn, qu trnh phi nng, qu trnh khuy o. Cc loi c thng s dng: dic, chp, trm en, m hoa, m trng, lng canh. H enzym trong tng loi c s khc nhau: to tnh c trng cho sn phm nc mm tng vng. H vsv c mt trong nguyn liu: B. subtilis, B. mensentericcus, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp, Clostridium sp ...
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La chn
X l
Trn mui
Ln men
Lm ngui
Chit rt
Ph gia
3.
TRONG CNG NGH CC SN PHM LN MEN TRONG CNG NGH CC SN PHM T THT L sn phm hnh thnh do qu trnh ln men lactic
T RAU QU 4. 4.1 Khi qut v nem chua: t tht; c sn xut khp ni trong c nc, ch yu theo phng php th cng.
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Mt vi ni cung cp nem ph bin: nem V (T Lim, H Ni), nem Phng (an Phng, H Ty), nem Ph T (Bc Ninh); nem An Cu (Hu), ch Huyn (Bnh nh), Ninh Ha (Khnh Ha); nem Th c, nem Lai Vung (ng Thp), nem Tn Hng (Tin Giang) Bao b: bao nylon, l vng, l chui Vi sinh vt: h lactobaceriaceae (h vi khun khng ng nht v hnh thi, G(+), khng to bo t, khng di ng, hiu kh ty tin). Vi khun lactic ng hnh: L. acitophilus, L. VK lactic d hnh: Str. cumoris, Str. falecalis, L.
brevis, L. Lycopessici Nguyn liu: tht heo nt, da heo, ng, mui, tiu, bt ngt, ti, t, l vng ... iu kin: ln men ym kh, nhit ln men t 27300C, thi gian ln men 72g. Cc qu trnh sinh ha xy ra trong qu trnh chn ca nem: qu trnh ln men lactic. C ch: theo chu trnh pentose (glucose acid lactic ru v cc acid hu c khc); qu trnh thy phn protein (acid amin, peptide).
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Lc b gn m Xay Mui, ng bt ngt p gia v Qut nhuyn Ti xay Trn u Vo vin Tiu nguyn ht
Xt si
p nh hnh
t, ti
Gi bng l vng
Gi bng l chui
Ln men
Sn phm
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5.
CAPH - CACAO
Robusta
Arabica
H vi sinh vt: Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus brevis, Streptococcus faecalis, Aerobacter (Enterobacter) v Escherichia (vi khun), Saccharomyces marscianus, S.bayanus, Erwinia dissolvens, Fusarium spp, Aspergillus spp and Penicillium. Bn cht sinh ha: au tien la cac loai nam men tm thay cac ieu kien thch hp e phat trien va trong qua trnh phat trien, chung lam gia tang lng con t cac chat ng trong khoi u. Cac vi khuan s dung cac chat con nay e lam
thc an, tao thanh cac axit lactic, acid butyric va cac axit carboxylic do s oxy hoa trong qua trnh len men. Khi axit butyric bat au hnh thanh cung la luc v acid phat trien trong ca phe.
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CACAO
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Thc hin qu trnh ln men t nhin, s dng kh nng sinh tng hp ca h vi sinh vt t nhin nhm loi b phn tht qu bao xung quanh ht cacao thu c cacao nhn nguyn vn v hnh th: cho php mt s cht phc tp chuyn sang trng thi hot ng, loi b bt v ng cho cacao, to ra mi v c trng cho cacao. H vsv: Nm men: S. Cerevisiae, ngoi ra cn c 12 loi Vi khun: L. Lactis, L. plantarum, Acetobacter nm men khc nhng vi s lng khng nhiu
aceti, Gluconobacter oxydans Bin i ca vsv trong qu trnh ln men: nm men chim u th trong 24g u (chuyn ton b tht qu c hm lng ng rt cao thnh cn, phn hy acid citric lm cho pH tng t
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