Chng 1 Tng quan v CSDL

Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL Ngi s dng CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

Gii thiu
V d
Kinh doanh Ngn hng v ti chnh Gio dc Hnh chnh Gii tr
Thng tin
Chn lc

D liu

D liu (Data)
- Mt m t hnh thc v thng tin v hot ng
Tn, a ch, s in thoi ca khch hng Bo co doanh thu ng k hc phn
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 3

Gii thiu (tt)

C s d liu (Database)
- Mt tp hp c cu trc ca nhng d liu c lin quan vi nhau c lu tr trong my tnh
Danh sch sinh vin Nin gim in thoi Danh mc cc n

- Mt CSDL biu din mt phn ca th gii thc (th gii thu nh) - CSDL c thit k, xy dng, v lu tr vi mt mc ch xc nh, phc v cho mt s ng dng v ngi dng - Tp ngu nhin ca cc d liu khng th xem l mt CSDL
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 4

Gii thiu (tt)

H qun tr CSDL (Database Management System)
- Tp hp cc chng trnh cho php ngi s dng to ra v duy tr CSDL - Mt phn mm h thng cho php nh ngha, xy dng v x l d liu
nh ngha khai bo b khung d liu cng vi cc m t chi tit v d liu Xy dng lu tr d liu ln b nh ph X l truy vn, cp nht v pht sinh bo co

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

Gii thiu (tt)

H CSDL (Database System)
Ngi s dng/Lp trnh vin
Chng trnh ng dng/Truy vn
HQT CSDL

X l truy vn Truy xut d liu

Catalog nh ngha

CSDL

CSDL

H CSDL
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 6

Mt v d v CSDL
NHANVIEN HONV Tran Nguyen Nguyen Tran DEAN TENDA San pham X San pham Y San pham Z Tin hoc hoa TENLOT Hong Thanh Manh Thanh MADA 1 2 3 10 TENNV Quang Tung Hung Tam DDIEM_DA VUNG TAU NHA TRANG TP HCM HA NOI MANV 987987987 333445555 666884444 453453453 PHONG 5 5 5 4 PHANCONG MA_NVIEN 123456789 123456789 666884444 453453453
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

NGSINH 03/09/1969 12/08/1955 09/15/1962 07/31/1972

MA_NQL 987654321 888665555 333445555 333445555

PHG 4 5 5 5

SODA 1 2 3 1

THOIGIAN 32.5 7.5 40.0 20.0

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Mt v d v CSDL (tt)
Qun l n ca mt cng ty
- nh ngha CSDL
Cu trc bng, bao gm cc thnh phn d liu v kiu d liu tng ng

- Xy dng CSDL
a d liu vo cc bng

- X l CSDL
Thc hin cc truy vn: Cho bit nhng nhn vin thuc phng 5 Thc hin cc php cp nht: Chuyn nhn vin Nguyn Thanh Tng sang phng s 1

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL Ngi s dng CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

Qu trnh pht trin

Tp tin (File)
Chng trnh ng dng 1 Qun l d liu H Thng Qun L Tp Tin Tp tin Tp tin

Chng trnh ng dng 2 Qun l d liu

Chng trnh ng dng 3 Qun l d liu

Tp tin

D liu

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Qu trnh pht trin (tt)

Hn ch
D liu b trng lp v d tha Thiu tnh nht qun gia cc d liu Kh khn trong vic truy xut Vic chia s d liu b hn ch Kh khi phc

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Qu trnh pht trin (tt)

C s d liu (Database)
Chng trnh ng dng 1 Qun l d liu H Qun Tr CSDL

Chng trnh ng dng 2 Qun l d liu

CSDL

Chng trnh ng dng 3 Qun l d liu

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL
Tnh t m t Tnh c lp gia chng trnh v d liu Tnh tru tng d liu Tnh nht qun Cc cch nhn d liu

Ngi s dng CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL
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C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

Tnh t m t
H CSDL khng ch cha bn thn CSDL m cn cha nh ngha y (m t) ca CSDL Cc nh ngha c lu tr trong catalog
- Cha cc thng tin v cu trc tp tin, kiu v dng thc lu tr ca mi thnh phn d liu v nhng rng buc d liu

D liu trong catalog gi l meta-data (data of data) Cc CTD c th truy xut n nhiu CSDL nh thng tin cu trc c lu tr trong catalog

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Tnh c lp
V nh ngha v cu trc CSDL c lu tr trong catalog nn khi c thay i nh v cu trc ta t phi sa li chng trnh
Chng trnh c lp D liu

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Tnh tru tng

H CSDL cho php trnh by d liu mt mc tru tng cho php, nhm che bt nhng chi tit lu tr tht ca d liu Tru tng ha d liu
- M hnh d liu
i tng Thuc tnh ca i tng Mi lin h

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Tnh nht qun

Lu tr d liu thng nht
- Trnh c tnh trng trng lp thng tin

C c ch iu khin truy xut d liu hp l

- Trnh c vic tranh chp d liu - Bo m d liu lun ng ti mi thi im

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Cc cch nhn d liu

H CSDL cho php nhiu ngi dng thao tc ln cng mt CSDL Mi ngi i hi mt cch nhn (view) khc nhau v CSDL Mt view l
- Mt phn ca CSDL hoc - D liu tng hp t CSDL

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL Ngi s dng CSDL
- Qun tr vin (Database Administrator - DBA) - Thit k vin (Database Designer) - Ngi dng cui (End User)

Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL
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C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

Qun tr vin
C trch nhim qun l h CSDL
- Cp quyn truy cp CSDL - iu phi v gim st vic s dng CSDL

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Thit k vin
Chu trch nhim v
- La chn cu trc ph hp lu tr d liu - Quyt nh nhng d liu no cn c lu tr

Lin h vi ngi dng nm bt c nhng yu cu v a ra mt thit k CSDL tha yu cu ny C th l 1 nhm cc DBA qun l cc CSDL sau khi vic thit k hon tt

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Ngi dng cui

Ngi t s dng
- t khi truy cp CSDL, nhng cn nhng thng tin khc nhau trong mi ln truy cp v dng nhng cu truy vn phc tp - Ngi qun l

Ngi s dng thng xuyn

- Thng xuyn truy vn v cp nht CSDL nh vo mt s cc chc nng c xy dng sn - Nhn vin

Ngi s dng c bit

- Thng tho v HQT CSDL, t xy dng nhng truy vn phc tp cho cng vic - K s, nh khoa hc, ngi phn tch,
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 22

Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL Ngi s dng CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Kin trc ca HQT CSDL

Kin trc 3 lc

Mc ngoi

Ngi dng

Ngi dng

Lc ngoi 1
nh x ngoi/ nh x quan nim Mc quan nim nh x quan nim/ nh x trong

Lc ngoi n

Lc quan nim

Lc trong
Mc trong

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Kin trc ca HQT CSDL (tt)

Mc trong (lc trong)
- M t cu trc lu tr vt l CSDL

Mc quan nim (lc quan nim)

- M t cu trc ca ton th CSDL cho 1 cng ng ngi s dng, gm thc th, kiu d liu, mi lin h v rng buc - Che bt cc chi tit ca cu trc lu tr vt l

Mc ngoi (lc ngoi)

- Cn gi l mc khung nhn (view) - M t mt phn ca CSDL m 1 nhm ngi dng quan tm n v che du phn cn li ca CSDL i vi nhm ngi dng
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 25

Kin trc ca HQT CSDL (tt)

c lp d liu
- c lp logic
Kh nng thay i lc quan nim m khng thay i lc ngoi hoc cc CTD

- c lp vt l
Kh nng thay i lc trong m khng lm thay i lc quan nim cng nh lc ngoi

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Kin trc ca HQT CSDL (tt)

User/Application
Queries, Updates Transaction Commands

Database Administrator
DDL Commands

Query Compiler
Query plan Metadata, Statistics

Transaction Manager

DDL Compiler

Metadata

Execution Engine
Index, File & Record Request

Logging & Recovery

Concurrency Control

Index/File/ Record Manager

Page Commands

Log Pages Data, Metadata, Indexes

Lock Table

Buffer Manager
Read/Write Pages

Buffers

Storage Manager

Storage
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 27

Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL Ngi s dng CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim Ngn ng CSDL

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL

Kim sot c tnh d tha ca d liu
- Tch hp cc nhu cu d liu ca ngi dng xy dng mt CSDL thng nht

Chia s d liu
- Trong mi trng a ngi dng, cc HQT phi cho php truy xut d liu ng thi

Hn ch nhng truy cp khng cho php

- Tng ngi dng v nhm ngi dng c mt ti khon v mt m truy xut d liu

Cung cp nhiu giao din

- HQT cung cp ngn ng gia CSDL v ngi dng

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL (tt)

m bo cc rng buc ton vn
- RBTV (Integrity Constraints) l nhng qui nh cn c tha mn m bo d liu lun phn nh ng ng ngha ca th gii thc - Mt s RB c th c khai bo vi HQT v HQT s t ng kim tra. Mt s RB khc c kim tra nh CTD

Kh nng sao lu d phng khi gp s c

- C kh nng khi phc d liu khi c s h hng v phn cng hoc phn mm

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL (tt)

Cc tnh nng khc
- Chun ha
Cho php DBA nh ngha v bt buc p dng mt chun thng nht cho mi ngi dng

- Uyn chuyn
Khi nhu cu cng vic thay i, cu trc CSDL rt c th thay i, HQT cho php thm hoc m rng cu trc m khng lm nh hng n CTD

- Gim thi gian pht trin ng dng - Tnh kh dng

Khi c mt s thay i ln CSDL, tt c ngi dng u thy c

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Ni dung chi tit

Gii thiu Qu trnh pht trin Mt s c tnh ca CSDL Ngi s dng CSDL Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Cc khi nim
- M hnh d liu - Lc - Th hin

Ngn ng CSDL
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 32

M hnh d liu
M hnh d liu (Data Model) bao gm
- Cc khi nim biu din d liu - Cc php ton x l d liu

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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M hnh d liu (tt)

M hnh mc cao
- Cung cp cc khi nim gn gi vi ngi dng - M hnh phi t nhin v giu ng ngha - VD: m hnh thc th kt hp (ER), m hnh i tng

M hnh ci t
- a ra cc khi nim ngi dng c th hiu c nhng khng qu xa vi cch d liu c t chc tht s trn my tnh - VD: m hnh quan h, m hnh mng, m hnh phn cp

M hnh mc thp (m hnh vt l)

- a ra cc khi nim m t chi tit v cch thc d liu c lu tr trong my tnh
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 34

V d m hnh ER
Diem MaHP (0,n) Hocky

hoc
MaSV Ten Lop Nganh (1,n)

HPhan

(1,1)

Nam

mo
(0,n)

Gvien mhoctruoc

SVien

MaMH TenMH Khoa Tinchi

MHoc
(0,n)

dieukien
(0,n) mhocsau

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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V d m hnh i tng
SVien Ten Lop Nganh 1..* LapTKB() InBangDiem() Diem DiemTH DiemLT DiemPrj SuaDiem()

hoc
0..*

HPhan Ten SLuong 1

mo

0..* MHoc Ten Khoa SoTinChi CapNhatSTC() 0..* +MHoc sau

+MHoc truoc 0..*

Dieu kien

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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V d m hnh quan h
SVien
MaSV Ten Lop Nganh

Hoc
MaSV MaHP DiemLT DiemTH

HPhan MaHP

SLuong
MaMH

DKien MaMH

MHoc MaMH TenMH Khoa TinChi

MaMHTruoc

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V d m hnh mng
SVien MHoc
MHOC_SAU MHOC_MO MHOC_TRUOC

SVIEN_DIEM

HPhan

DKien

KQUA_HPHAN

KQua

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V d m hnh phn cp
KQua

Mc 1:

DiemTH

DiemLT

HPhan

SVien
TenSV Lop Nganh

Mc 2:

TenHP

SLuong

Mc 3:

MHoc
TenMH Khoa TinChi

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Lc
Lc CSDL (Database Schema)
- L cc m t v cu trc v rng buc trn CSDL
SVien
Mhoc DKien KHoc KQua

Ten

MaSV

Nam Khoa

TenMH MaMH TinChi Khoa MaMH MaKH MaKH MaMH_Truoc MaMH HocKy MaSV Diem Nam GV

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Th hin
Th hin CSDL (Database Instance)
- L d liu hin thi c lu tr trong CSDL mt thi im no - Tnh trng ca CSDL
Mhoc TenMH Nhap mon tin hoc Cau truc du lieu Toan roi rac Co so du lieu MaMH COSC1310 COSC3320 MATH2410 COSC3380 TinChi 4 4 3 3 Khoa CNTT CNTT TOAN CNTT KQua MaSV 17 17 8 8 8 8 MaMH COSC3380 COSC3380 COSC3320 MaKH 112 119 85 92 102 135 MaMH_Truoc COSC3320 MATH2410 COSC3380 Diem 8 6 10 9 8 10

SVien

Ten Son Bao

MaSV 17 8

Nam 1 2

Khoa CNTT CNTT

DKien

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Ngn ng CSDL
Ngn ng nh ngha d liu (DDL Data Definition Language)
Xc nh ra lc quan nim

Ngn ng lu tr d liu (SDL Storage Definition Language)

Ngn ng nh ngha lc trong

Ngn ng nh ngha khung nhn (VDL View Definition Language)

Ngn ng nh ngha lc ngoi

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Ngn ng CSDL (tt)

Ngn ng thao tc d liu (DML Data Manipulation Language)
Cho php truy xut, thm, xa, sa d liu Mc cao (phi th tc) Mc thp (th tc)

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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Bi tp v nh
c Kin trc ca HQT CSDL
- Chng 1, phn 1.2, trang 9 15

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C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM

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