Chng 2 M hnh thc th-kt hp (Entity-Relationship)

Ni dung chi tit

Qu trnh thit k CSDL M hnh E/R Thit k V d

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Qu trnh thit k CSDL

tng

E/R thit k

Lc quan h

HQT CSDL quan h

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Qu trnh thit k CSDL (tt)

Th gii thc Phn tch yu cu
Cc yu cu v d liu

Cc yu cu v chc nng

Phn tch chc nng

Cc c t chc nng

Phn tch quan nim

Lc quan nim

Thit k mc logic
Lc logic

c lp HQT
Thit k chng trnh ng dng Chng trnh ng dng
4

Ph thuc HQT c th

Thit k mc vt l
Lc trong
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Ni dung chi tit

Qu trnh thit k CSDL M hnh thc th - kt hp
Thc th Thuc tnh Mi kt hp Lc thc th - kt hp Thc th yu

Thit k V d

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M hnh thc th - kt hp
c dng thit k CSDL mc quan nim Biu din tru tng cu trc ca CSDL Lc thc th - kt hp (Entity-Relationship Diagram)
- Tp thc th (Entity Sets) - Thuc tnh (Attributes) - Mi quan h (Relationship)

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Tp thc th
Mt thc th l mt i tng ca th gii thc Tp hp cc thc th ging nhau to thnh 1 tp thc th Ch
- Thc th (Entity) - i tng (Object) - Tp thc th (Entity set) - Lp i tng (Class of objects)
Cu trc ca d liu

Thao tc trn d liu

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Tp thc th (tt)
V d Qun l n cng ty
- Mt nhn vin l mt thc th - Tp hp cc nhn vin l tp thc th - Mt n l mt thc th - Tp hp cc n l tp thc th - Mt phng ban l mt thc th - Tp hp cc phng ban l tp thc th

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Thuc tnh
L nhng c tnh ring bit ca tp thc th V d tp thc th NHANVIEN c cc thuc tnh
H tn Ngy sinh a ch

L nhng gi tr nguyn t
- Kiu chui - Kiu s nguyn - Kiu s thc
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Mi quan h
L s lin kt gia 2 hay nhiu tp thc th V d gia tp thc th NHANVIEN v PHONGBAN c cc lin kt
- Mt nhn vin thuc mt phng ban no - Mt phng ban c mt nhn vin lm trng phng

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Lc E/R
L th biu din cc tp thc th, thuc tnh v mi quan h
- nh
Tn tp thc th

Tp thc th

Tn thuc tnh

Thuc tnh
Quan h

Tn quan h

- Cnh l ng ni gia
Tp thc th v thuc tnh Mi quan h v tp thc th
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V d lc E/R
NGSINH HONV TENNV PHAI LUONG DCHI TENPHG

NHANVIEN

Lam_viec

PHONGBAN

La_truong_phong Phu_trach
DDIEM_DA

Phan_cong

DEAN
TENDA

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Th hin ca lc E/R
Mt CSDL c m t bi lc E/R s cha ng nhng d liu c th gi l th hin CSDL
- Mi tp thc th s c tp hp hu hn cc thc th
Gi s tp thc th NHANVIEN c cc thc th nh NV1, NV2, NVn

- Mi thc th s c 1 gi tr c th ti mi thuc tnh

NV1 c TENNV=Tung, NGSINH=08/12/1955, PHAI=Nam NV2 c TENNV= Hang, NGSINH=07/19/1966, PHAI=Nu

Ch
- Khng lu tr lc E/R trong CSDL
Khi nim tru tng

- Lc E/R ch gip ta thit k CSDL trc khi chuyn cc quan h v d liu xung mc vt l
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Mi quan h - Th hin
Th hin CSDL cn cha cc mi quan h c th
- Cho mi quan h R kt ni n tp thc th E1, E2, , En - Th hin ca R l tp hu hn cc danh sch (e1, e2, , en) - Trong ei l cc gi tr c chn t cc tp thc th Ei

Xt mi quan h
NHANVIEN
Lam_viec

PHONGBAN

NHANVIEN
Tung Hang Vinh
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PHONGBAN
Nghien cuu Dieu hanh Quan ly

(Tung, Nghien cuu)

(Hang, Dieu hanh) (Vinh, Quan ly)

14

Mi quan h - Multiplicity
Xt mi quan h nh phn R (binary relationship) gia 2 tp thc th E v F, tnh multiplicity bao gm
- Mt-Nhiu
Mt E c quan h vi nhiu F Mt F c quan h vi mt E
E
n Quan_h 1

- Mt-Mt
Mt E c quan h vi mt F Mt F c quan h vi mt E
E
1 Quan_h 1

- Nhiu-Nhiu
Mt E c quan h vi nhiu F Mt F c quan h vi nhiu E
E
n Quan_h n

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Mi quan h - Multiplicity (tt)

(min, max) ch nh mi thc th e E tham gia t nht v nhiu nht vo th hin ca R
E
(min, max) Quan_h (min, max)

(0,1) khng hoc 1 (1,1) duy nht 1 (0,n) khng hoc nhiu (1,n) mt hoc nhiu

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Mi quan h - Multiplicity (tt)

V d
- Mt phng ban c nhiu nhn vin
NV
Lam_viec (1,n)

PB

- Mt nhn vin ch thuc 1 phng ban

NV
(1,1) Lam_viec

PB

- Mt nhn vin c th c phn cng vo nhiu n hoc khng c phn cng vo n no

NV
(0,n) Phan_cong

DA

- Mt nhn vin c th l trng phng ca 1 phng ban (0,1) no

NV
La_truong_phong

PB

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Mi quan h - Vai tr
Mt loi thc th c th tham gia nhiu ln vo mt quan h vi nhiu vai tr khc nhau
La nguoi quan ly

NHANVIEN

(0,n)

Quan_ly

Duoc quan ly boi

(0,1)

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Thuc tnh trn mi quan h

Thuc tnh trn mi quan h m t tnh cht cho mi quan h Thuc tnh ny khng th gn lin vi nhng thc th tham gia vo mi quan h
NHANVIEN
(0,n) Phan_cong (1,n)

DEAN

THGIAN

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Thuc tnh kha

Cc thc th trong tp thc th cn phi c phn bit Kha K ca tp thc th E l mt hay nhiu thuc tnh sao cho
- Ly ra 2 thc th bt k e1, v e2 trong E - Th e1 v e2 khng th c cc gi tr ging nhau ti cc thuc tnh trong K

Ch
- Mi tp thc th phi c 1 kha - Mt kha c th c 1 hay nhiu thuc tnh - C th c nhiu kha trong 1 tp thc th, ta s chn ra 1 kha lm kha chnh cho tp thc th
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V d thuc tnh kha

MANV HONV TENNV PHAI NGSINH LUONG DCHI MAPHG TENPB

NHANVIEN

Lam_viec

PHONGBAN

La_truong_phong Phu_trach
DDIEM_DA

Phan_cong

DEAN
TENDA MADA

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Tp thc th yu
L thc th m kha c c t nhng thuc tnh ca tp thc th khc Thc th yu (weak entity set) phi tham gia vo mi quan h m trong c mt tp thc th chnh V d 1
MANV HONV TENNV PHAI NGSINH LUONG DCHI (1,n)

NHANVIEN

Co_than_nhan
(1,1)

QUANHE NGSINH PHAI TENTN

THANNHAN

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22

Tp thc th yu (tt)
V d 2
MAHD

NGAYHD TONGTIEN

HOA_DON
(1,n)

HD_CT
(1,1) SL_HH SOTIEN

CHI_TIET
(1,1)

HH_CT
(1,n) TENHH DGIA MAHH
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 23

HANG_HOA

Ni dung chi tit

Qu trnh thit k CSDL M hnh thc th - kt hp Thit k
- Cc bc thit k - Nguyn l thit k

V d

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24

Cc bc thit k
(1) Xc nh tp thc th (2) Xc nh mi quan h (3) Xc nh thuc tnh v gn thuc tnh cho tp thc th v mi quan h (4) Quyt nh min gi tr cho thuc tnh (5) Quyt nh thuc tnh kha (6) Quyt nh (min, max) cho mi quan h

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25

Qui tc thit k
Chnh xc Trnh trng lp D hiu Chn ng mi quan h Chn ng kiu thuc tnh

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26

Ni dung chi tit

Qu trnh thit k CSDL M hnh thc th - kt hp Thit k V d
- Qun l n cng ty

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27

V d Qun l n cng ty
CSDL n cng ty theo di cc thng tin lin quan n nhn vin, phng ban v n
- Cty c nhiu phng ban, mi phng ban c tn duy nht, m phng duy nht, mt trng phng v ngy nhn chc. Mi phng ban c th nhiu a im khc nhau. - n c tn duy nht, m duy nht, do 1 mt phng ban ch tr v c trin khai 1 a im. - Nhn vin c m s, tn, a ch, ngy sinh, phi v lng. Mi nhn vin lm vic 1 phng ban, tham gia vo cc n vi s gi lm vic khc nhau. Mi nhn vin u c mt ngi qun l trc tip. - Mt nhn vin c th c nhiu thn nhn. Mi thn nhn c tn, phi, ngy sinh v mi quan h vi nhn vin .
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 28

Bi tp v nh
Bi tp
- 2.1.3 n 2.1.8 / 36 - 38 - 2.4.4 / 58 - 59 - Hon chnh lc E/R cho v d Qun l n cng ty

c
- Mi quan h isa - Cc qui tc khi thit k

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