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Chng 4

i s quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 2
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 3
Gii thiu
Xt mt s x l trn quan h NHANVIEN
- Thm mi mt nhn vin
- Chuyn nhn vin c tn l Tng sang phng s 1
- Cho bit h tn v ngy sinh cc nhn vin c lng
trn 20000


5
4
TENNV HONV NGSINH DCHI PHAI LUONG PHONG
Tung Nguyen 12/08/1955 638 NVC Q5 Nam 40000
Hang Bui 07/19/1968 332 NTH Q1 Nu 25000
Nhu Le 06/20/1951 291 HVH QPN Nu 43000 4
Hung Nguyen 09/15/1962 Ba Ria VT Nam 38000 5
Quang Pham 11/10/1937 450 TV HN Nam 55000 1
1 Tung Nguyen 12/08/1955
Hang Bui 07/19/1968
Nhu Le 06/20/1951
Hung Nguyen 09/15/1962
Quang Pham 11/10/1937
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 4
Gii thiu (tt)
C 2 loi x l
- Lm thay i d liu (cp nht)
Thm mi, xa v sa
- Khng lm thay i d liu (rt trch)
Truy vn (query)

Thc hin cc x l
- i s quan h (Relational Algebra)
Biu din cu truy vn di dng biu thc
- Php tnh quan h (Relational Calculus)
Biu din kt qu
- SQL (Structured Query Language)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 5
Nhc li
i s
- Ton t (operator)
- Ton hng (operand)

Trong s hc
- Ton t: +, -, *, /
- Ton hng - bin (variables): x, y, z
- Hng (constant)
- Biu thc
(x+7) / (y-3)
(x+y)*z and/or (x+7) / (y-3)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 6
i s quan h
Bin l cc quan h
- Tp hp (set)
Ton t l cc php ton (operations)
- Trn tp hp
Hi (union)
Giao (intersec)
Tr (difference)
- Rt trch 1 phn ca quan h
Chn o (selection)
Chiu t (projection)
- Kt hp cc quan h
Tch Cartesian (Cartesian product)
Kt (join)
- i tn
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 7
i s quan h (tt)
Hng s l th hin ca quan h
Biu thc
- c gi l cu truy vn
- L chui cc php ton i s quan h
- Kt qu tr v l mt th hin ca quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 8
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 9
Php ton tp hp
Quan h l tp hp cc b
- Php hi R S
- Php giao R S
- Php tr R S

Tnh kh hp (Union Compatibility)
- Hai lc quan h R(A
1
, A
2
, , A
n
) v S(B
1
, B
2
, , B
n
)
l kh hp nu
Cng bc n
V c DOM(A
i
)=DOM(B
i
) , 1s i s n

Kt qu ca , , v l mt quan h c cng tn
thuc tnh vi quan h u tin (R)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 10
Php ton tp hp (tt)
V d
TENNV NGSINH PHAI
Tung 12/08/1955 Nam
Hang 07/19/1968 Nu
Nhu 06/20/1951 Nu
Hung 09/15/1962 Nam
NHANVIEN TENTN NG_SINH PHAITN
Trinh 04/05/1986 Nu
Khang 10/25/1983 Nam
Phuong 05/03/1958 Nu
Minh 02/28/1942 Nam
THANNHAN
Chau 12/30/1988 Nu
Bc n=3
DOM(TENNV) = DOM(TENTN)
DOM(NGSINH) = DOM(NG_SINH)
DOM(PHAI) = DOM(PHAITN)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 11
Php hi
Cho 2 quan h R v S kh hp
Php hi ca R v S
- K hiu R S
- L mt quan h gm cc b thuc R hoc thuc S, hoc
c hai (cc b trng lp s b b)

V d
R S = { t / teR v teS }
A B
o
R
o
|
1
2
1
A B
o
S
|
2
3
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 12
Php giao
Cho 2 quan h R v S kh hp
Php giao ca R v S
- K hiu R S
- L mt quan h gm cc b thuc R ng thi thuc S

V d
R S = { t / teR . teS }
A B
o
R
o
|
1
2
1
A B
o
S
|
2
3
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 13
Php tr
Cho 2 quan h R v S kh hp
Php giao ca R v S
- K hiu R S
- L mt quan h gm cc b thuc R v khng thuc S

V d
R S = { t / teR . teS }
A B
o
R
o
|
1
2
1
A B
o
S
|
2
3
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 14
Cc tnh cht
Giao hon




Kt hp
R S = S R
R S = S R
R (S T) = (R S) T
R (S T) = (R S) T
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 15
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 16
Php chn
c dng ly ra cc b ca quan h R
Cc b c chn phi tha mn iu kin chn P
K hiu


P l biu thc gm cc mnh c dng
- <tn thuc tnh> <php so snh> <hng s>
- <tn thuc tnh> <php so snh> <tn thuc tnh>

<php so snh> gm < , > , s , > , = , =
Cc mnh c ni li nh cc php . , v ,
o
P
(R)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 17
Php chn (tt)
Kt qu tr v l mt quan h
- C cng danh sch thuc tnh vi R
- C s b lun t hn hoc bng s b ca R

V d
o
(A=B).(D>5)
(R)
A B
o
R
o
|
C
1
5
12
| 23
D
7
7
3
10
o
|
|
|
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 18
Php chn (tt)
Php chn c tnh giao hon
o
p1
(o
p2
(R)) =
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 19
V d 1
Cho bit cc nhn vin phng s 4
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: PHG
- iu kin: PHG=4
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 20
V d 2
Tm cc nhn vin c lng trn 25000 phng 4
hoc cc nhn vin c lng trn 30000 phng 5
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: LUONG, PHG
- iu kin:
LUONG>25000 v PHG=4 hoc
LUONG>30000 v PHG=5
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 21
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 22
Php chiu
c dng ly ra mt vi ct ca quan h R
K hiu

Kt qu tr v l mt quan h
- C k thuc tnh
- C s b lun t hn hoc bng s b ca R
V d
t
A1, A2, , Ak
(R)

A B
o
R
o
|
10
20
30
C
1
1
1
| 40 2
t
A,C
(R)

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 23
Php chiu (tt)
Php chiu khng c tnh giao hon
t
A1, A2, , An
(t
A1, A2, , Am
(R)) =
t
X,Y
(R) = t
X
(t
Y
(R))
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 24
V d 3
Cho bit h tn v lng ca cc nhn vin
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: HONV, TENNV, LUONG

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 25
V d 4
Cho bit m nhn vin c tham gia n hoc c
thn nhn


C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 26
V d 5
Cho bit m nhn vin c ngi thn v c tham gia
n


C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 27
V d 6
Cho bit m nhn vin khng c thn nhn no


C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 28
Php chiu m rng
M rng php chiu bng cch cho php s dng
cc php ton s hc trong danh sch thuc tnh
K hiu t
F1, F2, , Fn
(E)
- E l biu thc SQH
- F1, F2, , Fn l cc biu thc s hc lin quan n
Hng s
Thuc tnh trong E

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 29
Php chiu m rng (tt)
V d
- Cho bit h tn ca cc nhn vin v lng ca h sau
khi tng 10%
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 30
Chui cc php ton
Kt hp cc php ton i s quan h
- Lng cc biu thc li vi nhau


- Thc hin tng php ton mt
B1

B2
t
A1, A2, , Ak
(o
P
(R))

o
P
(t
A1, A2, , Ak
(R))
o
P
(R)

t
A1, A2, , Ak
(Quan h kt qu B1)

Cn t tn cho quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 31
Php gn
c s dng nhn ly kt qu tr v ca mt
php ton
- Thng l kt qu trung gian trong chui cc php ton
K hiu

V d
- B1

- B2
S o
P
(R)
KQ t
A1, A2, , Ak
(S)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 32
Php i tn
c dng i tn
- Quan h



- Thuc tnh

S
(R) : i tn quan h R thnh S
Xt quan h R(B, C, D)

X, C, D
(R) : i tn thuc tnh B thnh X
i tn quan h R thnh S v thuc tnh B thnh X

S(X,C,D)
(R)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 33
V d 7
Cho bit h v tn nhn vin lm vic phng s 4
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: HONV, TENNV
- iu kin: PHG=4

C1:

C2:
t
HONV, TENNV
(o
PHG=4
(NHANVIEN))

NV_P4 o
PHG=4
(NHANVIEN)

KQ t
HONV, TENNV
(NV_P4)
KQ(HO, TEN) t
HONV, TENNV
(NV_P4)

KQ(HO, TEN)
(t
HONV, TENNV
(NV_P4))
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 34
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 35
Php tch Cartesian
c dng kt hp cc b ca cc quan h li
vi nhau
K hiu

Kt qu tr v l mt quan h Q
- Mi b ca Q l t hp gia 1 b trong R v 1 b trong S
- Nu R c u b v S c v b th Q s c u v b
- Nu R c n thuc tnh v S c m thuc tnh th Q s c
(n + m) thuc tnh (R
+
Q
+
= C )
R S
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 36
Php tch Cartesian (tt)
V d

A B
o
R
|
1
2
B C
o
S
|
10
10
D
+
+
| 20 -
10 -
R S
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 37
Php tch Cartesian (tt)
V d

A B
o
R
|
1
2
B C
o
S
|
10
10
D
+
+
| 20 -
10 -
unambiguous
A R.B
o
|
1
2
| 2
o 1
o 1
o 1
| 2
| 2
S.B C
o
o
10
10
| 10
| 10
| 20
10
| 20
10
D
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
R S
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 38
Php tch Cartesian (tt)
Thng thng theo sau php tch Cartesian l php
chn
R S
A R.B
o
|
1
2
| 2
o 1
o 1
o 1
| 2
| 2
S.B C
o
o
10
10
| 10
| 10
| 20
10
| 20
10
D
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
o
A=S.B
(R S)
A R.B
o 1
| 2
| 2
S.B C
o 10
| 10
| 20
D
+
+
-
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 39
V d 8
Vi mi phng ban, cho bit thng tin ca ngi
trng phng
- Quan h: PHONGBAN, NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: TRPHG, MAPHG, TENNV, HONV,
TENPHG MAPHG TRPHG NG_NHANCHUC
Nghien cuu 5 333445555 05/22/1988
Dieu hanh 4 987987987 01/01/1995
Quan ly 1 888665555 06/19/1981
TENNV HONV NGSINH DCHI PHAI LUONG PHG
Tung Nguyen 12/08/1955 638 NVC Q5 Nam 40000 5
Hang Bui 07/19/1968 332 NTH Q1 Nu 25000 4
Nhu Le 06/20/1951 291 HVH QPN Nu 43000 4
Hung Nguyen 09/15/1962 Ba Ria VT Nam 38000 5
333445555
987987987
987654321
999887777
MANV
TENPHG MAPHG TRPHG NG_NHANCHUC
Nghien cuu 5 333445555 05/22/1988
Dieu hanh 4 987987987 01/01/1995
Quan ly 1 888665555 06/19/1981
TENNV HONV
Tung Nguyen
Hung Nguyen
333445555
987987987
888665555
MANV
Vinh Pham




C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 40
V d 8 (tt)
B1: Tch Cartesian PHONGBAN v NHANVIEN



B2: Chn ra nhng b tha TRPHG=MANV

PB_NV (NHANVIEN PHONGBAN)

KQ o
TRPHG=MANV
(PB_NV)

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 41
V d 9
Cho bit lng cao nht trong cng ty
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: LUONG
TENNV HONV LUONG
Tung Nguyen 40000
Hang Bui 25000
Nhu Le 43000
Hung Nguyen 38000





LUONG
40000
25000
43000
38000





C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 42
V d 9 (tt)
B1: Chn ra nhng lng khng phi l ln nht






B2: Ly tp hp lng tr i lng trong R3
R1 (t
LUONG
(NHANVIEN))
R2 o
NHAN_VIEN.LUONG < R1.LUONG
(NHANVIEN R1)
R3 t
NHAN_VIEN.LUONG
(R2)
KQ t
LUONG
(NHANVIEN) R3
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 43
V d 10
Cho bit cc phng ban c cng a im vi phng
s 5
- Quan h: DIADIEM_PHG
- Thuc tnh: DIADIEM, MAPHG
- iu kin: MAPHG=5
Phng 5 c tp hp nhng
a im no?
Phng no c a im nm
trong trong tp hp ?
DIADIEM MAPHG
1
4
5
5
TP HCM
VUNGTAU
NHATRANG
HA NOI
5 TP HCM
DIADIEM MAPHG
1
4
5
5
TP HCM
VUNGTAU
NHATRANG
HA NOI
5 TP HCM
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 44
V d 10 (tt)
B1: Tm cc a im ca phng 5



B2: Ly ra cc phng c cng a im vi DD_P5

DD_P5(DD) t
DIADIEM
(o
MAPHG=5
(DIADIEM_PHG))
R2 o
DIADIEM=DD
(R1 DD_P5)
KQ t
MAPHG
(R2)
R1 o
MAPHG=5
(DIADIEM_PHG)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 45
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
- Kt t nhin (Natural join)
- Kt c iu kin tng qut (Theta join)
- Kt bng (Equi join)
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 46
Php kt
c dng t hp 2 b c lin quan t 2 quan
h thnh 1 b
K hiu R S
- R(A
1
, A
2
, , A
n
) v S(B
1
, B
2
, , B
m
)
Kt qu ca php kt l mt quan h Q
- C n + m thuc tnh Q(A
1
, A
2
, , A
n
, B
1
, B
2
, , B
m
)
- Mi b ca Q l t hp ca 2 b trong R v S, tha mn
mt s iu kin kt no
C dng A
i
u B
j
A
i
l thuc tnh ca R, B
j
l thuc tnh ca S
A
i
v B
j
c cng min gi tr
u l php so snh =, =, <, >, s, >
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 47
Php kt (tt)
Phn loi
- Kt theta (theta join) l php kt c iu kin
K hiu R
C
S
C gi l iu kin kt trn thuc tnh

- Kt bng (equi join) khi C l iu kin so snh bng

- Kt t nhin (natural join)
K hiu R S hay R - S
R
+
S
+
= C

Kt qu ca php kt bng b bt i 1 ct ging nhau
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 48
Php kt (tt)
V d php kt theta
D E
3
S
6
1
2
A B
1
R
4
2
5
C
3
6
7 8 9
R
B<D
S
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 49
Php kt (tt)
V d php kt bng
D E
3
S
6
1
2
A B
1
R
4
2
5
C
3
6
7 8 9
R
C=D
S
C D
3
S
6
1
2
A B
1
R
4
2
5
C
3
6
7 8 9
R
C=S.C
S
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 50
Php kt (tt)
V d php kt t nhin
R S
C D
3
S
6
1
2
A B
1
R
4
2
5
C
3
6
7 8 9
A B
1 2
C
3
4 5 6
S.C
3
D
1
6 2
A B
1 2
C
3
4 5 6
D
1
2
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 51
V d 11
Cho bit nhn vin c lng hn lng ca nhn
vin Tng
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: LUONG
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 52
V d 12
Vi mi nhn vin, hy cho bit thng tin ca phng
ban m h ang lm vic
- Quan h: NHANVIEN, PHONGBAN
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 53
V d 13
Vi mi phng ban hy cho bit cc a im ca
phng ban
- Quan h: PHONGBAN, DDIEM_PHG
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 54
V d 8
Vi mi phng ban hy cho bit thng tin ca ngi
trng phng
- Quan h: PHONGBAN, NHANVIEN
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 55
V d 9
Cho bit lng cao nht trong cng ty
- Quan h: NHANVIEN
- Thuc tnh: LUONG
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 56
V d 10
Cho bit phng ban c cng a im vi phng 5
- Quan h: DDIEM_PHG
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 57
Tp y cc php ton SQH
Tp cc php ton o, t, , , c gi l tp y
cc php ton SQH
- Ngha l cc php ton c th c biu din qua chng
- V d
RS = RS ((RS) (SR))
R
C
S = o
C
(RS)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 58
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 59
Php chia
c dng ly ra mt s b trong quan h R sao
cho tha vi tt c cc b trong quan h S
K hiu R S
- R(Z) v S(X)
Z l tp thuc tnh ca R, X l tp thuc tnh ca S
X _ Z
Kt qu ca php chia l mt quan h T(Y)
- Vi Y=Z-X
- C t l mt b ca T nu vi mi b t
S
eS, tn ti b
t
R
eR tha 2 iu kin
t
R
(Y) = t
t
R
(X) = t
S
(X)
X Y
T(Y) S(X) R(Z)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 60
Php chia (tt)
V d
A B
o
|
a
a
a
o a
o a
| a
a
a
C D
o

a
b
a
a
b
a
b
| b
E
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
R D E
a
S
b
1
1
R S
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 61
V d 14
Cho bit m nhn vin tham gia tt c cc n
- Quan h: PHANCONG, DEAN
- Thuc tnh: MANV
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 62
V d 15
Cho bit m nhn vin tham gia tt c cc n do
phng s 4 ph trch
- Quan h: PHANCONG, DEAN
- Thuc tnh: MANV
- iu kin: PHONG=4
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 63
Php chia (tt)
Biu din php chia thng qua tp y cc php
ton SQH

Q1 t
Y
(R)

Q2 Q1 S

Q3 t
Y
(Q2 R)

T Q1 Q2

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 64
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
- Hm kt hp (Aggregation function)
- Php gom nhm (Grouping)
- Php kt ngoi (Outer join)
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 65
Hm kt hp
Nhn vo tp hp cc gi tr v tr v mt gi tr
n
- AVG
- MIN
- MAX
- SUM
- COUNT


C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 66
Hm kt hp (tt)
V d



A B
1
R
3
2
4
1
1
2
2
SUM(B) = 10
AVG(A) = 1.5
MIN(A) = 1
MAX(B) = 4
COUNT(A) = 4
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 67
Php gom nhm
c dng phn chia quan h thnh nhiu nhm da
trn iu kin gom nhm no
K hiu


- E l biu thc SQH
- G1, G2, , Gn l cc thuc tnh gom nhm
- F1, F2, , Fn l cc hm
- A1, A2, , An l cc thuc tnh tnh ton trong hm F
G1, G2, , GnI
F1(A1), F2(A2), , Fn(An)
(E)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 68
Php gom nhm (tt)
V d
I
SUM(C)
(R)
A B
o
R
o
2
4
|

2
2
C
7
7
3
10
AI
SUM(C)
(R)
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 69
V d 16
Tnh s lng nhn vin v lng trung bnh ca c
cng ty
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 70
V d 17
Tnh s lng nhn vin v lng trung bnh ca tng
phng ban
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 71
Php kt ngoi
M rng php kt trnh mt mt thng tin
- Thc hin php kt
- Ly thm cc b khng tha iu kin kt

C 3 hnh thc
- M rng bn tri
- M rng bn phi
- M rng 2 bn
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 72
V d 18
Cho bit h tn nhn vin v tn phng ban m h
ph trch nu c
- Quan h: NHANVIEN, PHONGBAN
- Thuc tinh: TENNV, TENPH
R1 NHANVIEN
PHG=MAPHG
PHONGBAN

KQ t
HONV,TENNV, TENPHG
(R1)

TENNV HONV TENPHG
Tung Nguyen Nghien cuu
Hang Bui null
Nhu Le null
Vinh Pham Quan ly
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 73
Ni dung chi tit
Gii thiu
i s quan h
Php ton tp hp
Php chn
Php chiu
Php tch Cartesian
Php kt
Php chia
Cc php ton khc
Cc thao tc cp nht trn quan h
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 74
Cc thao tc cp nht
Ni dung ca CSDL c th c cp nht bng cc
thao tc
- Thm (insertion)
- Xa (deletion)
- Sa (updating)
Cc thao tc cp nht c din t thng qua
php ton gn

R
new
cc php ton trn

R
old
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 75
Thao tc thm
c din t


- R l quan h
- E l mt biu thc SQH

V d
- Phn cng nhn vin c m 123456789 lm thm n
m s 20 vi s gi l 10
R
new
R
old
E

PHANCONG PHANCONG (123456789, 20, 10)

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 76
Thao tc xa
c din t


- R l quan h
- E l mt biu thc SQH

V d
- Xa cc phn cng n ca nhn vin 123456789
R
new
R
old
E

PHANCONG PHANCONG o
MANV=123456789
(PHANCONG)

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 77
V d 19
Xa nhng phn cng n c a im Ha Noi


C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 78
Thao tc sa
c din t


- R l quan h
- Fi l biu thc tnh ton cho ra gi tr mi ca thuc tnh

V d
- Tng thi gian lm vic cho tt c nhn vin ln 1.5 ln
R
new
t
F1, F2, , Fn
(R
old
)

PHANCONG t
MA_NVIEN, SODA, THOIGIAN*1.5
(PHANCONG)

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 79
V d 20
Cc nhn vin lm vic trn 30 gi s c tng
thi gian lm vic ln 1.5 ln, cn li tng ln 2 ln
C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 80
Bi tp v nh
c
- Php ton quan h trn BAG / 214-220


Bi tp
- 5.2.1 / 207-210
- 5.2.4 / 210-212

C s d liu - Khoa CNTT - H KHTN TPHCM 81

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