TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Xut bn ln 1

CNG TRNH THU LI

CC QUY NH CH YU V O A HNH,
XC NH TIM KNH V CNG TRNH TRN KNH
Hydraulic work - The basic stipulation for topographic measurement and
Defined centerline of canal and the structures on it

H NI 2009

TCVN 8223 : 2009

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Mc lc

Trang

Li ni u

Phm vi p dng

Ti liu vin dn

Thut ng v nh ngha

Quy nh k thut

Khng ch mt bng v cao dc theo tuyn knh

11

o v bnh bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh

17

o v mt ct dc, ngang

26

Xc nh tuyn, tim tuyn v cc cng trnh trn knh

30

Ph lc A

Kim nghim v hiu chnh thit b a hnh (quy nh)

35

Ph lc B

Bnh sai tnh ton khng ch mt bng v cao (tham kho)

46

Ph lc C

Cc phng php xc nh tuyn knh, tuyn cng trnh (quy nh)

60

Ph lc D

Mu bnh , ct dc v ct ngang (tham kho)

65

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Li ni u
TCVN 8223 : 2009 c chuyn i t 14TCN 40 : 2002
theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v
Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh
s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy
nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 8223 : 2009 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam
bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn
ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh,
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8223 : 2009

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Cng trnh thu li Cc quy nh ch yu v o a hnh,

xc nh tim knh v cng trnh trn knh
Hydraulic work The basic stipulation for topographic measurement and defined
centerline of canal and the structures on it

1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu ch yu kho st a hnh, thnh lp bnh , ct dc,
ct ngang v xc nh tim tuyn knh, cc cng trnh trn knh (lm mi v sa cha knh c)
trong cc cng trnh thu li Vit Nam.

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p
dng bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i (nu c).
TCXDVN 364 * Tiu chun k thut o v x l s liu GPS trong trc a cng.
TCXDVN 309 1 Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng trnh - Yu cu chung.
TCVN 4118 H thng ti tiu - Tiu chun thit k.
TCVN 8224 : 2009 Cng trnh thu li - Cc quy nh ch yu v li khng ch mt bng a hnh.
TCVN 8225 : 2009 Cng trnh thu li - Cc quy nh ch yu v li khng ch cao a hnh.

3 Thut ng v nh ngha
Tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng nh ngha sau:
3.1
Tuyn knh thit k (design canal line)
L tuyn thit k knh mi (hoc tuyn knh c) nm dc theo v tr gia ca bng knh cn o
a hnh.
3.2
Cc im tim tuyn (axis points)
1

Cc tiu chun TCXDVN v TCN s c chuyn i thnh TCVN hoc QCVN.

TCVN 8223 : 2009

L tp hp im trn tuyn knh gm cc im u K 0, cc im ngot S i, cc im to thnh
cung cong T0, TF, B i, cc im cui knh Kc. Cc im ny c xc nh cao, ta vi
chnh xc quy nh, m bo tin cy qu trnh thit k, thi cng.
3.3
Cc im Km xc nh chiu di knh (Ki) (Km points)
L tp hp cc im t im u (Ko) theo tng Km: K1, K2, vvKn n in kt thc knh
(Kc).
3.4
Cng trnh trn knh (structures on canal)
L cc cng trnh ly nc (cng ly nc dn n cc knh nhnh, knh vt cp), iu tit,
o nc, chuyn nc, tiu nc, x nc trn knh
3.5
Cc im tim cng trnh trn knh (axis points of structures on canal)
L cc im u, im ngot, im to thnh cung cong (T 0, TF, B i) v im cui trn tuyn
cng trnh.
- Xc nh tuyn, tim cng trnh gm hai giai on:
+ Theo tuyn, tim thit k c ch nhim n vch trn bn a hnh hoc ch qua a vt
ngoi thc a, tin hnh xc nh tuyn, tim ngoi thc a qua h thng mc, cc nh du;
+ o, tnh, v bng cc dng c, my o trc a theo chnh xc quy nh, xc nh to
X, Y, cao H ri biu din li trn bn phc v thit k.
3.6
im gc (original point)
L cc im hng cao hn dng lm im xut pht v khp kn tuyn khng ch mt bng v cao .

4 Quy nh k thut
4.1 H cao to s dng
4.1.1 H cao
a) S dng h cao quc gia, ly im gc l im Hn Du- Hi Phng.
b) Khu vc bin gii hi o, vng su, vng xa: Nu cha c li cao quc gia th thc hin
theo hai bc:
- Gi nh theo bn 1:50 000 VN 2000 cho ton cng trnh;
- Chuyn cao gi nh khu vc v cao quc gia ho mng quc gia (khi c iu kin).
4.1.2 H to
a) S dng h to VN 2000 thng nht ton quc
6

TCVN 8223 : 2009

b) Khi cng trnh vng bin gii, hi o, vng su, vng xa, cha c li to quc gia, c
th gi nh to theo bn 1:50 000 VN 2000.
4.2 Phn loi h thng knh
4.2.1 H thng knh ti
a) H thng knh ti bao gm cc knh ti v cng trnh trn knh (cng trnh ly nc, iu
tit, o nc, chuyn nc, x nc, tiu nc, cng trnh giao thng v cc cng trnh qun l
h thng knh).
b) Hng nc chy ca knh ti l t cng trnh (p dng, h cha, trm bmvv) chy
dc theo knh n v tr cn ti.
c) Phn cp h thng knh ti v cng trnh trn knh theo TCVN 4118, Bng 1.
Bng 1 Phn cp cng trnh trn knh
TT

Din tch ti (1000 ha)

Cp cng trnh trn knh

Ln hn 50

II

Ln hn 10 n 50

III

Ln hn 2 n 10

IV

Nh hn hoc bng 2

4.2.2 H thng knh tiu

a) H thng knh tiu bao gm cc knh tiu v cng trnh trn knh (cng trnh tiu nc, iu
nc, o nc, chuyn nc, cng trnh giao thng v cc cng trnh qun l h thng knh).
b) Phn cp H thng knh tiu v cng trnh trn knh cng vi h thng knh ti theo Bng
1 (din tch l din tch t nhin ngp lt).
c) Hng nc chy ca knh tiu l t cc v tr cn tiu chy dc theo knh v trm tiu.
4.2.3 H thng knh ti tiu kt hp
Trong h thng ti tiu kt hp phn cp knh v cng trnh trn knh ly theo cp cao nht
xc nh theo ti hoc tiu lm tiu chun xc ng kho st.
4.2.4 Phn cp knh trong mt h thng knh
a) Mng li knh ti tiu bao gm: Knh chnh, cc knh nhnh cp 1, cp 2, cp 3, knh
vt cp v.v v cc knh nhnh cp cui cng (dn nc vo ni cn ti, ly nc ra t ni
cn tiu).
b) K hiu cc knh thuc mng li knh ti nh quy nh trong TCVN 4118:
+ Knh chnh: KC
7

TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Knh nhnh cp 1 : T knh chnh theo chiu nc chy, nhng knh bn tri knh chnh
nh s l: N1, N3, N5 v.v nhng knh bn phi knh chnh, nh s chn: N2,N4,N6 v.v
+ Knh nhnh cp 2:
+ Bt ngun t knh nhnh cp 1 : Cch nh s cng theo cch trn: N1-1, N1-2, N1-3 v.v ;
N2-1, N2-2, N2-3 v.v
+ Knh nhnh cp 3:
Bt ngun t knh nhnh cp 2 : Cch nh s cng theo cch trn: N1-1-1, N1-1-2, N1-1-3 v.v ;
N1-2-1, N1-2-2, N1-2-3 v.v
c) Nu h thng knh c nhiu knh chnh th k hiu KCi ( i=1 n theo chiu kim ng h) hoc
t tn theo v tr v hng ca knh: KC, KCB (knh chnh ng, knh chnh bc v.v ).
d) S h thng knh c k hiu nh Hnh 1.
N1-2
N1-1
N1

KC
N2

N2-1
N2-1-2

N2-2

N2-1-2-1

N2-1-2-2

Hnh 1 S h thng knh

4.3 Bnh a hnh

4.3.1 T l bnh
- T l o v bnh bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
+ chnh xc yu cu ca cp cng trnh trn knh;
+ rng bng knh, phm vi din tch cng trnh trn knh;
+ c im a hnh ( dc), a vt c trn bng knh, cng trnh trn knh .
- Quan h gia t l bnh vi cc yu t trn c nu trong Bng 2
Bng 2 Quan h gia t l bnh vi cc yu t
8

TCVN 8223 : 2009

T l
bnh

1/5000

1/2000
1/1000
1/500

Khong cao
u ng
bnh (m)

Kch thc; B- rng

bng knh tnh bng
m ; S-Din tch cng
trnh tnh bng ha

Cp cng
trnh trn
knh

B500

II,III

1,0
2,0
0,5

500>B200

1,0

S100

0,5

200>B100

1,0

100>S20

0,5

100>B50

1,0

20>S1

0,25
1/200

0,4
1,0

B<50
S<1

III,IV
IV,V
IV,V

dc
a hnh

Ghi ch

<6 0

Khng p dng
cho cng trnh trn
knh

6 0
<2 0
20 <6 0
<2 0
20 <6 0
<2 0
20 <6 0
<2 0

20 <4 0
4 0

4.3.2 Mt im cao trn bnh

- Trung bnh 1 dm2 trn bnh t l ln (1/5000 1/200) phi c t 15 n 20 im cao
- a hnh vng ni, trung du c nhiu phn ct, nhiu knh rch, ng phn thu dy, c dng
a hnh thay i dc khng u ... phi tng im cao ln 1,2 n 1,5 ln.
- a hnh vng ng bng phng, nhiu ca sng nh ng bng sng Cu Long, cng phi
tng mt ln 1,5 ln xc nh chnh xc bin i vi a hnh, phc v cng tc ti, tiu
ph hp.
4.4 Mt ct dc, ngang
4.4.1 Hng mc o mt ct dc, ct ngang
- Tt c cc knh chnh (trong cc giai on thit k).
- Cc knh nhnh (cp 1,2vv) o mt ct dc, ct ngang theo quy nh sau:
+ Nhng knh cp 1 khi bnh khu ti o v t l 1:2000;
+ Nhng knh nhnh c lu lng Q 1m 3/s.
+ H thng knh c phc v nng cp v sa cha;
+ Khi khu ti o v bnh t l ln nh 1:1000; 1:500, th mt ct dc, ngang cc knh
nhnh c lp t bnh .
4.4.2 T l mt ct dc
- T l mt ct dc quy nh ph thuc vo nhng yu t sau:

TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ dc dc thit k ca knh;
+ dc ca a hnh;
+ di ca ct dc.
- Quan h gia t l mt ct dc vi cc yu t trn c nu trong Bng 3
- Khi xc nh t l mt ct dc theo tng quan gia cc yu t, c khc nhau th th t u tin
chn nh sau:
+ dc dc y knh thit k;
+ di mt ct dc;
+ dc v phc tp a hnh.
Bng 3 Quan h gia t l mt ct dc v cc yu t
T l mt

dc dc y knh

dc a

di mt ct

ct dc

thit k

hnh ( 0)

dc L (km)

Ghi ch

1/10 000

1/3000 i 1/2000

60

L 10

Khu i, ni

1/5 000

1/5000 i 1/3000

60

L > 10

Khu i, ni

1/2 000

1/10 000 i 1/5000

< 6

L<5

Khu i

1/1 000

1/15 000 i 1/10 000

40

L<2

Khu duyn hi

i 1/15 000

L<1

Vng ng bng

1/500

4.4.3 T l mt ct ngang
- T l mt ct ngang quy nh ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:
+ phc tp ca a hnh, a vt bng knh;
+ rng mt ct ngang knh;
+ li, lm, dc, xi, l lng, mi b knh c.
- Quan h gia t l mt ct ngang knh vi cc yu t trn c nu trong Bng 4.
Bng 4 Quan h gia t l mt ct ngang vi cc yu t
T l mt
ct ngang

phc tp a hnh, a
vt

rng mt ct
knh D (m)

1/500

a hnh thay i u, a
vt bnh thng

D 50

1/200

a hnh thay i nhiu

10

50 > D 20

xi l, li lm lng
mi b knh c
xi l bnh thng
xi l nhiu hn, tng
vng, tng on.

Ghi ch

TCVN 8223 : 2009

1/100

a hnh thay i nhiu, c

nhiu a vt, bin i
dc theo tng on

20 > D 10

Xi l nhiu, thay i ln
mt ct thit k ca knh

T 1/50 n
1/100

a hnh phc tp, a vt

dy thng l khu dn c
ng c, khu c xy dng
v.v

D < 10

Xi l nhiu, nhiu cng

trnh hng khng s dng
c hoc s dng khng
hiu qu. Mt ct thit k
knh thay i ln

4.5 Tuyn, tim knh

- Tt c cc knh chnh (vi mi lu lng), knh nhnh c lu lng Q 1 m3/s c xc nh
tuyn tim ngoi thc a. Cc loi knh nhnh khc c xc nh tuyn tim ngay trong qu trnh
o ct dc knh.
- Cc im tim knh l cc mc nh ngot Si, cc mc chn theo cung cong gm c: T 0, TF, B i,
v mt s im xc nh tim cong theo mt yu cu (gi l im chi tit ca ng cong).
4.6 Tuyn, tim cng trnh trn knh
- Cc cng trnh trn knh chnh, knh nhnh cp 1, cp 2 phi xc nh tuyn v tim cng trnh.
Tuyn, tim cng trnh trn knh cp 3.v.v v knh ni ng c xc nh cng vi ct dc
knh.
- Cc im tim cng trnh trn knh l cc im u, cui, nh ngot, cung cong (T 0, TF, B i) dc
theo tim tuyn cng trnh.

5 Khng ch mt bng v cao dc theo tuyn knh

5.1 Khng ch mt bng
Khng ch mt bng dc theo tuyn knh c tin hnh theo cc phng php truyn thng
hoc o qua cng ngh GPS.
5.1.1 Tuyn li ng chuyn
a) Tuyn ng chuyn dc theo bng knh phi c xy dng mt trong hai dng:
- Dng ph hp: Xut pht t 2 im gc khp v 2 im gc khc;
- Dng khp kn: Xut pht t hai im gc khp v chnh n hoc xut pht t mt im gc c
o phng v v khp v chnh n.
b) Khi chiu di knh L 1 km, c php xy dng li ng chuyn cp 1, cp 2, Nu
L < 1 km ch c xy dng li ng chuyn cp 2.
c) Khi bng knh c chiu di ln hn 5 km m ch c 2 im khng ch cp cao (hng I,II,III,IV)
phi xy dng li ng chuyn nhiu im nt.
d) Tiu chun k thut ca tuyn ng chuyn Bng 5.

11

TCVN 8223 : 2009

e) Thit k tuyn, li, chn im trong ng chuyn nh quy nh trong 6.5, 6.6 trong
TCVN 8224.
K him mc quy nh nh sau:
- Knh chnh: KC-1Ci (i = 1 n) vi ng chuyn cp 1; KC-2Ci (i = 1 n) vi ng chuyn
cp 2. Nu c nhiu knh chnh, thm ch s knh chnh.
V D: KCj-1Ci (i = 1 n) vi ng chuyn cp 1; KCj-2Ci (i = 1 n) vi ng chuyn cp 2.
(j = 1 n - ch th t knh chnh tnh theo chiu thun kim ng h)

- Knh nhnh cng tng t, ch thay tn knh nhnh: N2-1Ci, N2-2Ci..vv.

f) o gc trong tuyn ng chuyn c th o theo gc bn tri (ngm im gc trc sau
ngm n im pht trin) hoc theo gc bn phi (ngm ngc li). Phng php o l
phng php ton vng vi 2 v tr ca bn . S ln o quy nh i vi 1 s loi my thng
dng Bng 6.
g) o cnh theo chiu thun nghch. S ln o c quy nh km theo Catalog ca tng my.
Bng 2.3 quy nh cho mt s my o cnh quang in thng dng nc ta. Kim nghim v
hiu chnh theo A.1,A.2 trong Ph lc A.
h) Bnh sai tuyn, li ng chuyn theo phng php gin tip c iu kin. Bnh sai trn
my vi tnh theo B.1 trong Ph lc B.
Bng 5 Cc ch tiu k thut ca tuyn ng chuyn (tip theo)
TT
1

Ch tiu

Cp 1

Cp 2

- Tuyn ng n;

- Gia im gc v im nt;

- Gia cc im nt;

1,5

-Chu vi ca vng khp:

15

- Cnh di nht:

0,8

0,35

- Cnh ngn nht;

0,12

0,08

- Cnh trung bnh

0,3

0,2

250

250

Cp 1

Cp 2

15

15

1/10.000

1/5.000

Chiu di gii hn ln nht ca tuyn ng chuyn (Km)

Chiu di cnh ng chuyn (Km)

Gc nh nht:

Bng 5 (kt thc)

TT

12

Ch tiu

S cnh gii hn ngn nht trong tuyn khng vt qu:

Sai s tng i do cnh khng vt qu:

TCVN 8223 : 2009

6

Sai s trung phng o gc (theo sai s khp) khng vt qu:

Sai s khp gc ca tuyn ng chuyn (n-s nh trong tuyn ng

chuyn):

Sai s khp v tr im tnh theo sai s khp tng i:

10

10' ' n

20' ' n

f s[S]

f s[S]

1/10.000

1/5.000

Bng 6 S ln o
Loi my
THEO 010, WILDT2,

Cp

DT2, DT6

THEO 020, 020A

SET3B, SET3C
ng chuyn cp 1

ng chuyn cp 2

Bng 7 S ln o cnh li ng chuyn

Loi my
SET3B, SET3C,

Cp

Set5e, set5f, dtm420

DTM720

CT5,
EOK2000

ng chuyn cp 1

ng chuyn cp 2

5.1.2 Giao hi gii thch 1,2

a) Giao hi li gii thch 1.2 c ng dng thun tin trong cc trng hp:
- Nhng bng knh v v tr tuyn knh ngn (L 1 km)
- Nhng bng knh c nhiu i ni xen k, s dng thun li l giao hi chm: dang qut,
Durnhep.
P
b) S im gc quy nh cho cc loi giao im giao hi (Hnh 2: a,b,c):
P
- 3 im gc giao hi gii tch pha trc;
- 2 im giao hi v 1 im kim tra cho giao hi bn cnh;
- 3 im gc cho giao hi nghch v mt im kim tra.
A

C
(Kim tra)

B
a-Giao hi pha trc

B
b-Giao hi bn cnh

13

TCVN 8223 : 2009

C
c-Giao hi nghch

Hnh 2 Cc trng hp giao hi gii tch

c) S im gc cho li giao hi: S im gc xut pht l 2 im, c cch 10 ng y th c
thm mt im gc (xem Hnh 3) di cnh y b 0,5 D n 0,6 D.
Trong : D l khong cch t ng y n im cn giao hi (m bo gc giao hi gia hai
tuyn 25 0).

14

P1

P2

P3

TCVN 8223 : 2009

CH DN:
A, B, C,D l cc im gc
P i (i = 1 n) l im cn xc nh

Hnh 3 Giao hi li
d) Quy nh o gc cnh tun theo quy nh Bng 6 v Bng 7 trong li ng truyn
tnh v bnh sai trn my vi tnh theo phng php gin tip c iu kin tham kho B.2 trong
Ph lc B.
e) mc b tng ca im giao hi: kch thc, hnh dng quy nh nh im ng chuyn.
K hiu cc cc dim nh sau:
- Knh chnh: KCJ-1GHI -im giao hi gii tch 1th i ca knh chnh th j (i = 1+n) (i = 1+k)
Kcj-2GHi - im giao hi gii tch 2 th i ca knh chnh th j (i=1+n).(j = 1+k);
- Knh nhnh: nj-1Ghi- im giao hi gii tch 1 th i ca knh nhnh th j
5.1.3 Phng php GPS: Theo quy nh ca tiu chun TCXDVN 364.
5.2 Khng ch cao
Li khng ch cao nhm xc nh cao khng ch mt bng trn knh, cc cng trnh trn
knh, cc im tim tuyn knh. c s dng hai phng php: Thu chun hnh hc hng 3,
hng 4, k thut v thu chun lng gic o theo tuyn chnh cao (ngha l o h, loi b sai
s o chiu cao my).
5.2.1 Phng php thu chun hnh hc
Phng php thu chun hnh hc tin hnh theo th t sau:
a) Kim nghim v hiu chnh my thu chun (xem A.3 trong Ph lc A).
b) Tu theo mi quan h gia dc dc knh (i) vi cc hng cp chnh xc ca tuyn thu
chun quy nh nh sau:
- Knh c dc dc i 1/10.000: phi xc nh li c s knh theo tuyn thu chun
hng 3, xc nh cao tim knh tuyn theo tuyn thu chun hng 4.
- Knh c dc dc 1/5.000 < i 1/5.000: phi xc nh cao li c s, tim knh theo tuyn
thu chun hng 4:
- Knh c dc dc 1/5.000 < i 1/2.000: phi xc nh cao li c s knh theo tuyn
thu chun hng 4, tim knh theo tuyn thu chun k thut.
- Sai s khp ca cc tuyn thu chun: quy nh theo TCVN 8225.
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TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Thu chun hng 3 c sai s khp tuyn: f h 10 mm
+ Thu chun hng 4 c sai s khp tuyn: f h 20 mm
+ Thy chun k thut c sai s khp tuyn: f h 50 mm

L;
L;
L;

trong : L l chiu di tuyn thu chun tnh bng kilmt.

c) Bnh sai tnh ton (xem B.3 trong Ph lc B)
d) S ho, thng k cao (xem B.4 trong Ph lc B)
5.2.2 Phng php thu chun lng gic
a) Phng php thu chun lng gic p dng xc nh cao tuyn knh ph hp vi cc
iu kin sau:
- Vng ni i knh chay theo sn ni dc, kh i qua, c nhiu a vt v ph thc vt
nhiu;
- dc dc knh i > 1/5000.
b) Phng php o.
o chnh cao h vi tr s ca 3 dy ch: Kt qu ly tr trung bnh qua dy gia nu sai s so
vi 2 dy 1/10 khong cao u ng bnh (xem Hnh 4).

3
h2-3

h1-2

Hnh 4 o chnh cao thu chun lng gic

Chnh cao gia 1 v 3 tnh theo cng thc: h 1-3 = h 1-2 + h 2-3
h 1-2 = S 1tg

+ S 2tg2 (l1 l2)

tng t:
h 2-3 = S 3tg3 + S 4tg4 (l3 l4)
trong
i (i = 1 4) Gc nghing trung bnh ca tng on o;
S i (i = 1 4) Khong cch nm ngang tng on o;
li = (i = 1 4) Tr s chiu cao c trn mia hoc tr s chiu cao ca gng o

16

TCVN 8223 : 2009

(l = 2,3,4 m).
c) Tnh ton bnh sai theo phng php gin tip c iu kin (xem B.3 trong Ph lc B)
5.3 Mc v s ho khng ch mt bng, cao: Xem B.4 trong Ph lc B.

6 o v bnh bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh

o v bnh bng knh, cc cng trnh trn knh c th p dng phng php ton c hoc
phng php bn c. Phng php o nh lp th c chi ph cao hn khi din tch 20 km2;
Khi din tch ton cng trnh ln hn c th s dng phng php o nh lp th, nhng phi
b sung cao im chi tit qua cc phng php trc tip nh: Bn c, Ton c.
6.1 Phng php ton c
6.1.1 Phm vi ng dng
Phng php o v bng my ton c thng s dng o v khu vc c dc a hnh
6 0, cy ci rm rp, khu vc c dng hp ko di nh bng knh.vv
6.1.2 Th t tin hnh o bnh bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh
- Chun b my v thit b
- Theo phm vi o v bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh theo yu cu ca ch nhim cng
trnh xc nh trn cc loi bn c t l nh hn nh 1:10.000, 1:25.000 hoc ch ti thc
a qua ranh gii a vt, xc nh tuyn ngoi thc a qua cc im cc g l cc im: im
u, cc im ngot Si, im cui.
- Xc nh ranh gii o ca bng knh hoc cng trnh ngoi thc a.
- Khng ch mt bng v cao dc theo bng knh, sau pht trin cc trm o v phm vi
cng trnh nh quy nh trong 5.1 v 5.2.
- o v bnh bng knh cc cng trnh trn knh.
6.1.2.1 Chun b my v thit b
- My ton c hin dng l cc loi ton c quang c nh Delta020,010v..v, my ton c
in t nh: Set3B,Set3C ca hng SOKKIA, DTM420,520,720vvv ca hng Nikon c
phng i 20x, chnh xc: sai s o gc 30 v chnh xc o cnh phi m bo sai
s tng i o cnh S/S 1/500.
- Ph kin km theo l bin ngm, mia a hnh, gng o chi tit.

17

TCVN 8223 : 2009

- My v thit b phi kim nghim v hiu chnh theo cc bc A.1, A.2 trong Ph lc A.
6.1.2.2 Xc nh tuyn bng knh v cng trnh trn knh
- Theo tuyn thit k trn bn t l nh hn, s dng cc my kinh v ton c theo 6.1.2,
phng tuyn ngoi thc a theo mt trong hai phng php. Tin dn hoc li dn (xem C.1,C.2
trong Ph lc C).
- Nu c chng ngi vt: Xc nh tuyn theo phng n c chng ngi vt (xem C.3 trong
Ph lc C)
- Tuyn xc nh ngoi thc a: Phi c ng cc 5 cm x 5 cm x 20 cm, nh s trn im u
Ko, im ngot Si (i = 1 n), im cui Kc, cc im trung gian nh s t u knh n ht knh
(Ci: i = 1 n).
- chnh xc xc nh tuyn phi m bo:
+ Mt bng mS/S 1/2000.
+ Cao fh 100 mm

L.

trong : L l chiu di tuyn bng knh hoc cng trnh tnh bng kilmt.
6.1.2.3 Xy dng li khng ch mt bng, cao : Theo 5.1 v 5.2
6.1.2.4 o v bnh bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh
a) Xc nh cao, to trm o v.
m bo mt o v chi tit, phi xc nh thm cao, to trm o v t my ton
c nh ng chuyn ton c, giao hi im hoc tuyn dn. im gc l cc im ng
chuyn cp 1, cp 2, gii tch1, gii tch 2.
- ng chuyn ton c: Phi t yu cu k thut Bng 8.
Bng 8 Tiu chun k thut ng chuyn ton c
T l bnh

Chiu di ln nht

Chiu di cnh

S cnh ln nht

ng chuyn ton

ng chuyn (m)

trong ng chuyn

c (m)

1:500

200

T 50 n 60

1:1000

300

T 60 n 100

1:2000

600

T 100 n 200

1:5000

1200

T 200 n 300

10

+ Cnh ng chuyn ton c phi o i, v qua li ch khong cch ca my c n 0,1 m.

Nu o bng my c in t ch c 1 chiu, sai s tng i chiu di cnh o i, v 1/500.
18

TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Gc ng chuyn ton c o bng phng php ton vng vi 1 ln o (2 v tr bn ).
Tr s dc n 10.
+ Cao o i v bng phng php cao lng gic, sai s chnh cao h 100 mm D ,
trong D l chiu di t my n im mia tnh bng kilmt. Khi o bn 1:500 phi s
dng my ton c in t o chnh cao hoc s dng thu chun k thut.
+ Sai s khp ng chuyn ton c phi t cc yu cu sau:
V gc: f 60

n;

V di (v tr): f s = L/400 n (m).

trong
L l di ng chuyn tnh bng mt.
n l s cnh trong ng chuyn.
- Giao hi hoc dn im trm o v.
Khi s dng phng php giao hi hoc dn im gii tch xc nh cao trm my phi
tun thep nhng iu kin sau:
+ Gc giao hi: 30 0 150 0.
+ Chiu di cnh giao hi khng c vt qu hai ln chiu di cnh ng chuyn ton c
ghi trong Bng 8;
+ o gc cnh: Nh o ng chuyn ton c.
b) o v bnh a hnh
- o v chi tit a

hnh theo phng php cc, cnh, o bng li ch hoc ng cong

khong cch, c s n 0,1 m, gc bng ( i), gc nghing (Zi) c nh gc trong ng

chuyn ton c nhng ch o mt chiu.
- Khong cch t my n mia khng vt qu quy nh Bng 9.
- Khi v t nht phi kim tra nh hng t 2 im. Sai lch v hng gia tr o v tr tnh
ngc 90.
- Mi trm o, t nht phi c 3 im a vt r rng trng vi trm lin k tip bin.
- Mi trm my phi v s chi tit v dng a hnh. V hnh dng ca a vt (a vt nh
hng v a vt o v), phi tun theo th t sau y: V nhng a vt nh hng trc nh:
H thng ng giao thng, h thng thu li, thu h, im yn nga, i c lp, cy, nh c
lp..vv.. sau n a hnh, a vt dng thng, din..vv.. theo yu cu ca cng kho st
a hnh c ph duyt.
Bng 9 Khong cch t my n cc im mia
19

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Khong cao
T l bnh

u ng
bnh h (m)

1:200

1:500
1:1000
1:2000
1:5000

Khong cch
ln nht gia
cc im mia

Khong cch t my n mia

o v a hnh

o v a vt

(m)

(m)

(m)

0,25

50

30

0,5

10

50

30

1,0

10

80

40

0,5

10

100

60

1,0

15

150

60

0,5

20

150

80

1,0

30

200

80

0,5

40

200

100

1,0

40

200

100

50

300

150

80

300

150

- Dng thc o v thc o v ngay bnh ngoi thc a. Sau so snh b sung ti
thc a trnh sai st. Thi gian chuyn tr o thnh bn v bnh mi trm khng qu 3
ngy.
- Vng tip bin gia hai mnh bn l 2 cm theo t l bnh v d: Bnh t l 1:2000 tnh
theo t l bnh vng tip bin l 40 m .v..v sau cn chnh xc tip bin nh sau:
+ lch gia cc v tr a vt h 0,4 mmxM (trong M l mu s t l bn thnh lp);
+ chnh cao h h, trong h l khong cao u ng bnh ;
Sau khi tip bin qut, s ho v in bng my Ploter.
- Nu v bng my ton c in t, vic v a hnh a vt c t ng ho qua chng trnh
SDR hoc Suffer trc tip ly s liu t Card hoc fieldbook v v bnh s ngay trn my tnh.
Sau khi kim tra, in bn bng my Ploter.
6.2 Phng php bn c
6.2.1 Phm vi ng dng
o v a hnh, a vt khu vc bng phng, dc < 6 0.
6.2.2 Giy v bnh v k li vung
- Phi dng giy Croki c co gin 2 mm/m, bi phng trn tm bn g, km, nhm hoc
nha vi li lm 0,2 mm hoc v trc tip trn polyester c co gin 1 mm/m.
- Trn bn v phi k li vung cch nhau 10 cm. Trin cc im khng ch ln km theo cao
. Sai s k li vung v trin to 0,2 mm. Sai s kch thc ng cho khung bn
v 0,3 mm. K li vung phi dng thc rbsep hoc bn trin to ca cc my
trin to c vch khc nh nht n 0,1 mm.
20

TCVN 8223 : 2009

6.2.3 Kim tra v kim nh my
My v dng c v phi c kim tra, kim nh trc khi o v (xem Ph lc A). Mia dng
o v di t 3 m n 4 m c bt thu trn vi sai s 60.
6.2.4 Cc phng php tng dy trm o
tng dy mt im trm o, phi xc nh thm im ng chuyn bn c, giao hi bn
c v dn im. im gc pht trin phi l im gii tch 1, gii tch 2; ng chuyn cp 1,
ng chuyn cp 2.
6.2.5 Sai s nh tm
m bo chnh xc, nh tm my bn c phi s dng dy di, khng c nh tm t
do. Sai s nh tm phi t:
- 0,5 cm i vi bnh 1:200;
- 1 cm i vi bnh 1:500;
- 2 cm i vi bnh 1:1000;
- 5 cm i vi bnh 1:2000;
- 10 cm i vi bnh 1:5000.
6.2.6 Phng php ng chuyn bn c
a) Cc ch tiu k thut ca ng chuyn bn c khng vt qu tiu chun Bng 10.
Bng 10 Cc ch tiu k thut ca ng chuyn bn c
T l

Chiu di ln nht ng

Chiu di cnh ng

S cnh ln nht trong

Bnh

chuyn ton c (m)

chuyn (m)

ng chuyn

1:200

100

T 10 n 50

1:500

200

T 50 n 100

1:1000

250

T 80 n 150

1:2000

500

T 150 n 200

1:5000

1000

T 200 n 250

b) o cnh ng chuyn bn c
- Cnh ng chuyn bn c o qua li ch ca my bn c. Xc nh tr chiu di cnh phi
o i, v. Nu sai s D/D 1/200 th ly tr trung bnh lm cnh tm. Khi o cc loi bnh t l
ln nh: 1:200; 1:500, cnh ng chuyn bn c phi o bng thc thp 20 m, 30 m, 50 m
c vch chia n mili mt. Nu gc nghing 2 0 phi ci chnh chiu di cnh theo cng thc:

h2
D =
2D

(6.1)

21

TCVN 8223 : 2009

trong
h l chiu cao hai u cnh ng chuyn, tnh bng mt.
D l chiu di cnh ng chuyn, tnh bng mt.
Sai s tng i cnh ng chuyn gia o i v v sau khi hiu chnh D cng thc (6.1) phi t:

D
1

D 300

(6.2)

c) Xc nh cao im ng chuyn bn c
- Cao ca cc im ng chuyn bn c c xc nh bng o cao lng gic theo hai
chiu i v v. Sai s cho php s sai lch chnh cao gia o i v v h/D 1/2000, vi h, D
tnh bng mt.
- Sai s khp cao ng chuyn bn c:
fh

0,04 L
n

(cm) (6.3)

trong
L l chiu di tuyn ng chuyn tnh bng s 100 m;
N l s cnh ng chuyn c trong tuyn.
6.2.7 Phng php giao hi bn c
Phng php giao hi bn c ch c thc hin khi m bo cc iu kin sau:
- Gc giao hi bn c 20 0 150 0.
- Cnh giao hi khng ln hn 2 ln chiu di cnh ng chuyn thng k Bng 10.
- Cnh ca tam gic sai s 0,5 mm.
- Cc im gc giao hi 3 im.
6.2.8 Phng php dn im
Phng php dn im c thc hin vi cc iu kin sau:
- Khong cch t im gc n im dn nh hn hoc bng cnh ng chuyn thng k
bng 3.3 v khng c pht trin tip.
- o gc v cnh im dn nh quy nh trong 6.2.6 i vi ng chuyn bn c. Khi bnh
t l ln nh 1:500, 1:200, chiu di im dn phi o bng thc thp c khc n mm, my o
xa quang in, my ton c in t hoc mia Bala vi sai s phi t:

D
1

D 300
22

(6.4)

TCVN 8223 : 2009

6.2.9 o v chi tit bnh
a) Chun b bn v
Sau khi c bn v bi trn g, nhm, km hoc nha theo quy nh trong 6.2.2 hoc s dng
trc tip tm Polyester, tin hnh a ton b cc im khng ch mt bng, cao c s nh
ng chuyn cp 1, cp 2; gii tch cp 1, cp 2; cc im trm o (thc hin bng cc phng
php ng chuyn ton c, bn c..vv..) ln bn v vi chnh xc v tr 0,2 mm trn bn
v, ng cho bn v 0,2 mm

2 sai s cho php.

b) nh hng bn v.
nh hng bn v phi c tin hnh t nht n 2 im khng ch xa im t my 5 cm
trn bn v. Sai s nh hng 0,2 mm. Trong qu trnh o phi thng xuyn kim tra
nh hng.
c) Quan h gia t l bnh , khong cao u c bn ng bnh .
Khong cch ln nht gia cc im mia, t my n mia lin quan n t l bnh v khong
cao u c bn ca ng bnh quy nh Bng 11.
Bng 11 Quan h gia t l bnh v khong cao u ng bnh
T l
bnh

Khong cao u
c bn ng
bnh (m)

1:200

1:500
1:1000
1:2000
1:5000

Khong cch
gia cc im

Khong cch t my n mia

Khi o dng

Khi o a

Khi o a vt

a hnh

vt r rt

khng r rt

mia (m)

0,25

50

30

40

0,5

50

30

40

50

30

40

0,5

10

100

50

60

10

100

50

60

0,5

20

150

80

100

1,0

20

150

80

100

0,5

30

200

100

150

1,0

30

200

100

150

50

250

150

200

2,0

100

300

150

200

d) o v bnh
o v bnh theo phng php cc v tr bn nh hng bn c. Vic nh hng ti
thiu 2 hng v phi kim tra khi kt thc trm o v. Trng hp ring bit vi nhng im
nh hng cn phi dng phng php giao hi bn bc xc nh v tr trn bn v. Gc giao
hi: 60 0 120 0.
- V a vt, a hnh theo th t nhng ni dung sau:

23

TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ V nhng a vt nh hng trc nh cy c lp, h thng giao thng, thu h, dn c,
cng trnh xy dng v cui cng l cc din tch cy t nhin v cy trng.
+ cao ca cc im mia o v tr bn o khong cch. Sai s ch tiu Mo bn ng
phi xc nh 2 ln trong ngy;
+ Khi dc 3 0 c th dng tia ngm ngang ca my bn c o cao im mia chi tit;
+ Khi o v khong cao u h 1,0 m, cao im mia ly n 0,01 m, ghi trn bnh n
0,1 m. Khi o v khong cao u h < 1,0 m. cao im mia o v ghi trn bnh n 0,01 m.
- V ng bnh
Theo cao cc im mia, kt hp vi ngi v nhn dng a hnh bng mt, tin hnh v
ng bnh theo phng php ni suy tuyn tnh ngay ngoi thc a.
Th t v ng bnh nh sau:
+ Theo ng phn thy, yn nga, nh i, ni, mm cao, phc ha ng bnh ci nh
0, 5, 10 m. vv khi khong cao, u ng

bnh c bn l 1,0 m v 0, 2, 4 m ..vv

khi khong cao u ng bnh l 0,5 m.

+ Sau v cc ng bnh ph theo ng bnh ci.
e) K hiu biu din:
K hiu biu din a hnh a vt bng knh v cc cng trnh trn knh tun theo quy nh ca
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v nhng quy nh ca cng trnh thu li theo yu cu ca
cng kho st a hnh.
6.2.10 Can bnh gc
- Trc khi can cc bn gc, phi tip bin gia cc mnh bnh . Vic tip bin dng giy
can c can gin 2 mm/m; Bng tip bin rng 10 cm; Phn can tip bin chung 3 cm.
- Hn sai tip bin phi t:
+ x dch v tr ca cc a vt quan trng 1 mm.
+ Cc a vt khc 2 mm
+ chnh lch cao (h) gia cc ng bnh cng tn phi nm trong hn sai sau:
Vng ng bng : h 1/3 h
Vng i: h 1/2 h
Vng ni: h 2/3 h
h l khong cao u c bn
- Can bn gc bng mc tu mu en trn giy can hoc bn Polyester. Can theo th t sau:
+ Li vung
24

TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Cc im khng ch;
+ Cc a vt nh hng hnh tuyn, gc cnh chnh xc vv;
+ Cui cng l khu dn c, cy trng, rng cy t nhin....vv.
6.2.11 S ha bn gc
- Bn gc v trc tip trn giy hoc bn nn Polyester phi c qut, s ha hoc trc
tip v bnh s theo cc phn mm nh Surfer, SDR..v.v.
- Hn sai tip bin cc m hnh, cc bn gc theo 6.2.10.
- Bn gc bnh c in ra bn can (mu en) hoc giy Croki qua cc loi mu nh quy nh
Quy phm 96TCN 31-91 v lu tr trn a CD.
- Mu trnh by bnh bng knh theo D.1 trong Ph lc D.

7 o, v mt ct dc, ngang
o, v mt ct dc, ngang quy nh cho hai loi knh:
- Knh mi;
- Knh c cn tu sa, nng cp.
7.1 Knh mi
7.1.1 o, v mt ct dc
a) T l o, v mt ct dc
o v dc tuyn tim tuyn theo 2 hng, t l chiu cao v chiu di khc nhau:
- T l chiu cao: Thng l 1:100; 1:200 n 1:500, ty theo dc ca a hnh sao cho tuyn
ct dc c v thay i mc so snh t nht v th hin y thay i b mt a hnh.
- T l chiu di: Ph thuc vo chiu di ct dc v s thay i a hnh, thng c t l l
1:1000, 1:2.000, 1:5.000 v 1:10.000
b) Mt im cao trn mt ct dc:
- Vng ng bng c dc 3 0: Mt trung bnh o mt ct dc thng bng t 1cm n
2 cm theo t l mt ct.
V D: T l mt ct dc 1:2.000, khong cch xa nht gia hai im mt ct dc l 20m n 40m.

- Nhng vng c t bin a hnh nh bc nc, rung bc thang, phn cp gia thm v mi
dcvv. : Phi ly im mia theo ranh gii phn a hnh.
- Vng i, ni 6 0: Mt trung bnh o mt ct dc thng bng 1cm theo t l v mt ct.
V D: T l mt ct 1:2000, khong cch xa nht gia cc im mia khong 20 m.

- Vng ni > 6 0: Khong cch ly nh hn 1 cm theo t l bn v mt ct.

25

TCVN 8223 : 2009

c) Ni dung o v mt ct dc
Mt ct dc tuyn knh mi, cng trnh trn knh mi phi th hin y nhng ni dung sau:
- S thay i theo chiu cao ca b mt a hnh, c bit nhng v tr c thay i a hnh
t bin.
- V tr, kch thc cc vt c trn tuyn tim cng trnh trn knh nh: nh dn, cy c lp, va
l, cc h khoan o, cc cng trnh xy dng (nu c) v..vv mt cch chnh xc.
d) S ha mt bng tuyn knh trn mt ct dc
Phn s ha phi v y :
- V tr, kch thc cc cng trnh xy dng v dn dng c trn tuyn knh nh: khu cng
nghip, h thng giao thng.
- V tr u cc knh nhnh, v tr cc cng trnh trn knh, v tr cc khe t thy. v.v
- Cc on cong phi s ha y theo tuyn cong, theo tuyn n cc nh ngot Si phc v
cho gii phng mt bng.
e) V mt ct dc
- Mt ct dc c v bng phng php th cng bng thc v bt v hoc trn my vi tnh
bng cc phn mm Autocad, Microstation, phn mm chuyn dng nh: GP2000, SDR5.9.
- Kh giy v:
+ Chiu cao kh giy v mt ct dc thng l 27 cm, c bin va kh giy A4 (29 cm): Xem D.2
trong Ph lc D.
+ Chiu cao kh bn v mt ct dc cng vi bnh bng knh v ct ngang thit k c th
theo kh A1, A3, A4 ty theo kch thc thc dng hoc t l bn v theo yu cu ca thit k
(xem D.1 trong Ph lc D).
7.2 Mt ct dc knh c
7.2.1 S ng v mt ct dc
Mt ct dc knh c c v bi 4 ng: ng b t, b hu, lng knh v mp nc trn
knh (nu c nc).
- ng ct dc b t k hiu bng cc ng t gy, mi on di 2 mm, cch nhau 2 mm,
nt dy 0,2 mm.
- ng ct dc b hu v nt lin, nt dy 0,2 mm.
- ng mp nc v theo k hiu quy nh ca cng trnh thu li.
- ng y knh v nt lin m 0,3 mm.

26

TCVN 8223 : 2009

(xem D.3 trong Ph lc D trnh by bn v mu mt ct dc knh c).
7.2.2 o chiu di v cao trn mt ct dc knh c
a) Chiu di mt ct dc knh c c o bng thc thp 20 m, 50 m hoc my o xa quang
in sao cho chnh xc phi t:

L
1

L 2000
trong : L l chiu di cnh o.
Cch o chiu di nh sau: Phn chia khong chia trn mt knh trung bnh t 1 cm n 1,5 cm
theo t l ct dc ty theo dc ca b knh. S dng cc g 5cm x 5 cm x 10 cm c ghi tn
Ci = (i = 1 n), K0, K 1, K 2,. K c bng sn . o khong cch tng on theo st mt tim b
knh. Ti nhng on cong phi phn chia sao cho ng o di cung v chiu di cong c sai
s chnh chiu di 1/1000. n tng Km chn (K 0, K 1, K 2,.), phi kim tra gia s on o v
tr theo tim cng trnh v xc nh qua chiu di knh; V d Cng iu tit: K 1 + 300,5 m ..vv..
km theo l kch thc chiu di, rng ca cng, cng c my ca, hnh g, kch thc, ng
knh ca, cao mt cng v y cng, bc nc, cng b tng hay gch xy .v..vv.
b) o cao cc im mt ct dc knh c phi o bng thy chun hnh hc cp k thut, sai
s phi t:
f h 50 mm L

trong : L l di tuyn ct dc tnh bng kilmt.

- C th s dng my ton c in t o cao cc im ct dc vi iu kin sai s chiu
di phi t 1/2000 v chnh cao phi t:
f h 50 mm L
trong : L l chiu di cnh o
7.2.3 Ni dung v trn mt ct dc
Ngoi nhng ni dung nh v mt ct dc knh mi, i vi knh c phi v thm nhng ni
dung sau y:
- Th hin y v tr, cao mt, y cc cng trnh trn knh nh: Cng trnh ly nc (cu
mng, xi phng, cng ly nc u cc knh cp I, vt cp.), cng iu tit, bc nc, h
thng o nc, chuyn nc, tiu nc, x nc, cng trnh giao thng qua knh v cc cng
trnh qun l knh;
- M t v tr, kch thc thc trng trn knh nh: Phm vi gia c, phm vi xi l, bi lng, hng
v,vv..

27

TCVN 8223 : 2009

(Ni dung v mt ct dc theo mu D.3 trong Ph lc D)
7.3 Mt ct ngang knh
o mt ct ngang knh c v mi u phi tin hnh qua cc bc sau:
7.3.1 nh v v tr mt ct
V tr mt ct ngang c nh v qua cc Ci trn ct dc, tuyn ct ngang c o theo phng
vung gc vi phng ct dc.
7.3.2 o cc im chi tit mt ct ngang
o cc im chi tit theo phng php ton c quang c, ton c in t. Tr s khong cch
c c phi c chnh xc D/D 1/200.
Cao o qua ch gia, c mt chiu vi sai s cao phi t f h 100 mm D
Khi chuyn trm my trong tuyn mt ct ngang, phi o cao li im ng my trc, sau s
phi nh hn hn sai:
f h 50 mm D
Trong : D l chiu di tuyn o tnh theo n v 100 m.
7.3.3 Mt im chi tit trong mt ct ngang
Mt im chi tit trong mt ct ngang quy nh nh sau:
a) Knh mi
+ Khi dc 3 0: Khong cch gia cc im mt ct ngang d 2 cm theo t l v mt ct
ngang. V d: T l 1:100, khong cch d 2 m, vi t l 1:200 khong cch d 4 m v..vv..;
+ Khi dc < 6 0: Khong cch d 1 cm theo t l v mt ct ngang. V d: T l 1:100,
khong cch d 1 m, vi t l 1:200 khong cch d 2 m, vv.;
+ Khi dc 6 0: Khong cch d < 1 cm ty theo s bin i ca a hnh. V d: dc trung
bnh = 6 0 30, khong cch ct ngang o 5 m/1 im. Khi t l v 1:500, nhng ti ch chuyn
tip cao t bit 10 0, c th c bc nc, mt phi 2 m/1 im biu din y
a hnh.
b) Knh c:
Mt im chi tit mt ct ngang cn bo m:
+ y knh phi c t nht 3 im (hai bn v gia);
+ Mi knh phi c im biu din ng mt a hnh li, lm, xi, l, bi, gia c ca mi knh
c vi chnh cao 0,3 m nn c mt im cao ;
+ Mt knh phi c t nht 3 im: hai bn mp v gia mt;
+ Chn knh pha ngoi lng knh t nht phi c hai im: Chn knh v im lu khng.
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TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Khu vc o ngoi phm vi knh phc v cho m rng knh thng trung bnh 1 cm theo
t l, v 1 im chi tit.
7.3.4 Chiu v mt ct ngang knh
Chiu v mt ct ngang tnh t tri (t) sang phi (hu) theo chiu dng nc chy.
7.3.5 Mu v mt ct ngang: Xem D.4, D.5 trong Ph lc D.

8 Xc nh tuyn, tim tuyn v cc cng trnh trn knh

8.1 Xc nh tuyn knh v cc cng trnh trn knh
8.1.1 Cng tc chun b
- Kim nghim v hiu chnh my kinh v, ton c in t v thy chun theo cc bc A.1,
A.2, A.3 trong Ph lc A.
- Theo tuyn knh thit k ca cng trnh trn bnh bng knh (t l 1:5000, 1:2000, 1:1000),
bnh v tr cng trnh (t l 1:1000, 1:500, 1:200), nh s th t cc im Ko, S i (i = 1 n) cc
cc o ct ngang Ci (i = 1 n).
8.1.2 Xc nh tuyn t bnh ra thc a
- S dng bnh thit k, c ta X, Y ca cc im K o, K i (i = 1 n), Kc, S i (i = 1 n) n 0,1
m bng thc vung, thc o hoc dng bn ta . Nu l bnh s trn my vi tnh, vic
ta X, Y v cao h chnh xc n 0,01 m.
- Gii bi ton ngc trc a theo cng thc sau:

tg =
S=

y
y
, = arctg
x
x

x 2 + y 2

(8.1)

i = i-1 - i hoc i = 360 0- (i-1 - i)

trong
i

l gc phng hng cn tnh gia 2 im;

S l di gia hai im;

y, x l hiu s ta gia hai im;
i: l gc bng cn o ngoi thc a gia hai hng th i-1, i+1 ti tm im i.

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TCVN 8223 : 2009

- S dng cc my kinh v hoc ton c (thng thng v in t) m cc gc i o cnh S i
tnh t bi ton ngc cng thc 5.1 ra thc t ng cc (kch thc 5 cm x 5 cm x 10 cm),
c ghi tn dc theo tuyn knh.
- chnh xc o cnh phi t : S/S 1/2000.
- chnh xc o gc phi t m 30.
8.2 Xc nh tim ca tuyn knh v cc cng trnh trn knh
- Tim tuyn knh gm c im sau:
+ im u knh t tn l K 0, im cui knh l K c;
+ Cc im ngot knh S i qua tuyn cong bao gm nhng im c bn T o, TF, B i v cc im chi
tit trn tuyn cong.
- Tim cng trnh trn knh gm cc im sau:
+ im u cng trnh: Tip gip gia tim knh v u cng trnh;
+ Cc im ngot tim cng trnh (Si) qua cc im cong To, TF, B i.
+ im cui cng trnh: Tip gip tim cui cng trnh v tim knh.
- Cc im tim c xc nh qua cc phng php sau:
+ Phng php ng chuyn a gic;
+ Phng php giao hi gii tch (pha trc, sau, bn cnh);
+ Phng php cc.
8.2.1 Phng php ng chuyn a gic
khu vc c nhiu a vt hoc ph thc vt dy c, kh thng tuyn, thng s dng
phng php ng chuyn cnh ngn khp kn hoc ph hp xc nh tim knh v cng
trnh; Cc bc tin hnh theo th t nh sau:
Theo a X, Y ca cc im thit k bn knh cong R ti cc tuyn ngot, gc ngot S i, gii
bi ton ngc trc a: Xc nh chiu di S i v gc phng hng , gc kp i.
S dng cc my ton c thng thng v thc thp hoc ton c in t ty theo chnh
xc v phng tin c c xc nh v tr cc im tim ngoi thc a. nh du, c mc, quy
tm chnh xc n cm.
o chiu di theo hai chiu thun nghch vi chnh xc mS/S 1/5000 (theo tiu chun thit
k h thng knh ti TCVN 4118).
o gc theo phng php ton c vi sai s trung phng m 10 (tng ng tuyn
ng chuyn cp 2).
Bnh sai theo phng php gin tip c iu kin, tham kho B.1 trong Ph lc B).
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TCVN 8223 : 2009

8.2.2 Phng php giao hi
khu vc c i chia ct a hnh phc tp, nhiu i ni, s dng phng php giao hi gii
tch xc nh tim knh v cng trnh trn knh; Cc bc th t tin hnh giao hi nh sau:
- nh du im tim ngoi thc a nh phng php ng chuyn.
- Chn cc im khng ch cp 1 (gii tch 1, ng chuyn cp 1) lm cc im c s giao
hi tim tuyn knh vi s lng nh sau: Giao hi pha trc 3 im, giao hi bn cnh 2 im
v 2 im kim tra, giao hi pha sau 3 im c s v 1 im c s kim tra.
- o gc theo phng php ton vng vi 2 vng o sao cho sai s trung phng m 10;
- Bnh sai theo phng php gin tip c iu kin, tham kho B.2 trong Ph lc B.
8.2.3 Phng php ta cc
Phng php ny c p dng trong trng hp:
- Lng im khng ch c s (Gii tch 1,2, ng chuyn 1,2) kh y .
- Khu vc c a vt dy c, ch s dng c 1 hoc 2 hng o;
- Ch xc nh 1 hoc 2 im tim vi chiu di 200 m.
8.2.4 Cc phng php xc nh tim, tuyn cong ca knh v cng trnh
a) Tnh cc yu t ca ng cong trn.
Ti gc ngot ca knh, phi xc nh tim tuyn ng cong trn (xem Hnh 5):

Si
N

Si-1

T
CV

Si+1

O cong trn ti im ngot

Hnh 5 - Cung
Cc yu t c bn ca ng cong l :
+ Gc ngot ti nh S i: gi l ;

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TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Bn knh cong ca ng cong tim knh l R c chn tuy thuc vo iu kin thc a v
cp knh.
- Xc nh cc yu t xc nh cc im To, TF, B i nh sau:
+ Chiu di tip tuyn T:

(8.2)

180 0

(8.3)

T = Rtg
+ Chiu di cung cong trn K:
K= R
+ Chiu di on BI:

R
1

BI =
R = R
1 = R sec 1

2
cos

cos

(8.4)

+ Chiu di dy cung DC = b
b = 2Rsin

(8.5)

b) Xc nh ngoi thc a
S dng cc my ton c thng thng cng thc thp hoc ton c in t, xc nh cc
yu t trn ngoi thc a nh sau:
+ t my ti S i, cn bng v ngm v im ngot S i c khong cch bng
T = Rtg

v quay v S i+1 c khong cch tng t, ta xc nh c hai im D,C l hai im

2

u (T0) v cui (TF) ca ng cong.

+ T my ti S i m gc t im C theo chu kim ng h, theo gi tr s bn bng

1
180 0 , c chiu di BI (trong cng thc 8.4, xc nh im I l im gia cung cong ).
2
Kim tra li qua im D;
+ Kim tra chiu di dy cung gia DC theo tr o thc t v so snh vi tr tnh cng thc
8.5. Nu sai s S/S 1/2000 l t.
- Trng hp cc im c bn ca ng cong khng xc nh chnh xc tuyn ng
cong, cn phi chia thnh nhng cung cong nh tng on 5; 10; 20 m ty thuc vo bn knh
cong v chiu di ng cong. Cc phng php xc nh im chi tit ng cong gm:

32

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Phng php ta vung gc, phng php ta cc, phng php dy cung ko di (xem
C.4 trong Ph lc C).

33

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Ph lc A
(quy nh)

Kim nghim v hiu chnh thit b a hnh

A.1 My kinh v
A.1.1 Kim nghim tnh nng quang hc ca ng knh
Ngm ng knh ln mt ngi sao, xoay knh mt ra hay vo m thy ngi sao hin thnh hnh
trn hoc ging gn hnh elip, chng t ng knh m bo chnh xc o ngm.
A.1.2 Kim nghim trc bt thy bc ngang song song vi trc ngm
Trc khi kim nghim phi iu chnh cho chiu di ng bt nc bng 0,4 n 0,5 khong
cch gia hai vch khc u v cui ca ng bt nc.
Kim nghim tin hnh theo hai bc:
a) Bc 1: Kim nghim trc ca ng bt nc bc ngang v trc ca ng ngm nm bn cng
mt mt phng.
Sau khi cn my xong, c nh b phn ngm, vn lng c hm thng ng, xoay l xo c xe
dch nh thng ng ra. Sau kh nghing i, nghing li ng bt nc lc ngang v hai pha
trc nm ngang. Nu bt nc khng ng y, chng t bt nc bc ngang cng nm trn
mt mt phng vi trc ng ngm. nu bt nc chy, s dng hai c iu chnh cho n khi bt
nc khng di chuyn l c.
b) Bc 2: Kim nghim ng bt nc bc ngang song song vi trc nm ngang ca ng knh.
Quay b phn ngm sao cho ng nc bc ngang nm trn mt hng vi hai c cn my. C
nh b phn ngm li, iu chnh 2 c cn bng my cho bt nc vo gia. Sau nhc
ng bt nc bc ngang ra, o ngc ng knh ri li t ng bt nc vo, nu bt nc vn
gi nguyn gia chng t trc ca ng thy song song vi trc ng knh. Nu ngc li, phi
dng 2 c cn my hiu chnh 1/2 chnh, 1/2 chnh, 1/2 cn li s dng c iu chnh bt
nc hiu chnh lm 2,3 ln nh vy, n khi t th thi.
A.1.3 Kim nghm v hiu chnh 2 C
Tr s 2C l sai s do trc nm ngang khng vung gc vi trc ngm.
Kim nghim c th thc hin trong phng hoc ngoi tri. i vi tam gic hng 4, GT 1,
GT 2,C1,C2 thng kim nghim v hiu chnh ngoi tri; Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
- Cn bng my chnh xc;
- Chn 3 n 5 im o, c khong cch gn nh nhau, nhng chiu cao khc nhau. Tin hnh
c tr gc (hng) theo tng im c ti hai v tr ca bn (thun, o). Tnh tr 2C theo
cng thc sau:

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TCVN 8223 : 2009

2C = (D-T) - 180 0
Vi my c chnh xc du xch (b cc nh) 1: sai s 2C 6; My c chnh xc du xch l
3: sai s 2C 12 v..v..
- Nu vt qu hn sai trn, phi tin hnh hiu chnh nh sau:
+ Tnh tr C =

D T 180 0
2

+ Tnh tr s khi o o (bn bn phi).

0= C; Nu C >0 th tr (-); Nu C<0 th cng (+).
Sau t tr s trn bn v du xch bng 0, khi vch ch thp chuyn khi vt o.S
dng hai c tri, phi di chuyn cho giao ch thp trng vi vt o. Tin hnh o 2- 3 ln nh
vy. Sau kim tra qua 2 vt thp nht, cao nht. Nu t hn sai coi nh l c.
A.1.4 Kim nghim v hiu chnh Mo
Sai s vch ch tiu hoc trc ch tiu (0 0-360 0) khng song song vi trc nm ngang ca bt thy
trn bn ng hoc sai s khng vung gc gia vch ch tiu v trc ng ca b phn t
ng gi l M0; Kim nghim M0 nh sau:
- Cn bng my, ngm 3 mc tiu c chiu cao khc nhau ( chnh cao cng ln cng tt). Ti
v tr bn tri (o thun) c tr s Z 1, quay o ng knh, ngm li cc vt , sau khi cn
bng bt thy, c tr Z2, tnh tr M0:

( Z 1 + Z 2 ) 360 0
M0 =
2
Quy nh Mo 3t, trong t - chnh xc du xch vi (my T 2, c t = 1 th Mo 3; Vi my
Set3B c t = 3 th Mo 9.v..v).
- Nu Mo vt hn sai, phi tin hnh hiu chnh nh sau:
Quay ng knh ngm vo vt va kim nghim. t tr s :Z 20 = Z2 M0, Z0 l tr cn hiu chnh.
Trn bn , du xch: Khi ch thp li ch lch khi vt. Hiu chnh qua c trn, di sao cho
trng kht. Thc nghim 2, 3 ln nh hiu chnh 2 C.
A.2 My ton c in t
A.2.1 Mt s my ton c in t chnh xc cao
Hin nay nc ta v trong ngnh thy li nhp kh nhiu my ton c in t c chnh
xc cao n siu chnh xc (v gc m 3, v cnh ms/s 100.0000) nh: TC 720, DTM 700,
DTM 520, DTM 420, SET 3Bv..v ca Thy S , Nht.
Nhn chung, cc my ton c u c mt s b phn chnh sau:
- My kinh v nh v:
35

TCVN 8223 : 2009

+ Ging nh cc my kinh v khc, nhng qu trnh o gc bng, ng, khong cch c ni
kt quang hc vi cc mch IC chuyn qua b my tnh t ng bi ngun hng ngoi.
+ My pht ngun hng ngoi do ngun in ca acquy c in th t 6 V n 12 V. Acquy dng
kh v c b np chuyn dng. B pht quang hng ngoi theo nguyn l lch pha n mt
gng v c phn hi. B phn nhn phn hi qua IC tnh, hin th ln mn hnh ca b phn
tnh cc tr s gc ngang (HAR), gc thin nh (ZA), khong cch hin (D,S), tr chnh cao (h),
+ B phn my tnh nhn v tnh tr s gc ngang, ng, khong cch nghing, bng, chnh cao,
ta E(y), N(x). Kt qu l qua my ton c in t xc nh c cc tr gc ngang, ng vi
chnh xc t 1 n 3, khong cch n milimt, cao ta xc nh n milimt. Tr s
khong cch chnh nhau gia 3 ln o i, o v t:

S
1

S 100.000
Sau ly tr trung bnh
Cc tr cao Ht, ta X(N), Y(E) c ghi trn a dng SDC hoc fieldbook, trt qua my
tnh o v trc tip ra bn a hnh, mt ct, tnh khi lng.v..vv Theo cc phn mm:
SDR ca Nht, SURFER ca M hoc Autocad land development v..vv...
Cao xc nh qua cc my ton c in t sau khi bnh sai c th t thy chun hng 4,
phc v o v bnh t l ln t 1:5.000 n 1:200.
A.2.2 Kim nghim, hiu chnh my
Mi my ton c in t u c mt s cu to ring bit. Vic hiu chnh v kim nghim cho
tng loi my u phi tun theo Catolog k thut km theo. Di y quy nh nhng bc
chung cho cc li my ton c in t hiu chnh cc yu t gc, di qua bi tuyn gc
quc gia:
Nc ta hin nay c 4 bi tuyn gc: Gn cu Thng Long (H Ni), Xun Mai (Ha Bnh),
Lt v Ph Th thnh ph H Ch Minh.
a) Kim nghim tr o gc qua li tuyn gc, qua nhng phng php o ton vng vi 9 vng
o. Kt qu sai s trung phng tr o tnh theo cng thc:
m=

[ vv] 3"

n 1

trong
v l s hiu chnh gia tr gc o v tr gc gc tnh t ta li;
n l s ln o.
b) Kim nghim h thng gng (gng so, gng n, gng kp, gng 3, gng chm)

36

TCVN 8223 : 2009

- Kim nghim h thng gng qua bi kim nghim quc gia (sai s o gc n 0,1; Sai s o
cnh n ms/s 1/1.000.000). Vi cc im chun: Gng so vi khong cch D 1000 m,
gng i (ba) vi D 2000 m, gng chm vi D 3000 m.
- Qu trnh tin hnh nh sau:
+ Di tm gng v cn bng qua gi, bt thy;
+ Cn bng v di tm my qua 3 c chn;
+ Bt nt starts khi ng my khi nh hng n gng qua b phn ngm kinh v. Khi
qua my ku tt, tt u cng vi n tn hiu, chng t my hot ng tt.
- Ln lt o gc ngang, ng, chnh cao h, khong cch nghing (D), ngang (S) ba ln vi sai
s trong hn sai:
1 n 3 ( ty loi my);
h 3 mm;
D/D 1/100.000.
- c ta E9y), N(x) ca cc im chun trong li gc. So snh vi tr gc m bo
x = y 0,005 m.
- Tnh din tch kim tra theo cng thc:
2S = xi (yi+1-yi-1)
= yi (xi-1-xi+1)
- Tnh th tch kim tra theo cng thc:
Hgh

V=

(b + aH m ) dH = bHgh +

a
nH
H gh
nH

c) Hiu chnh tr o di
Hiu chnh di cnh o qua my ton c in t gm c:
- Hiu chnh di do chnh cao gia chiu cao gng o (Ig) v chiu cao my (Jm)
H = Jg-Jm
S 1 = -h 2/2D
trong :

D l Khong cch c trn my

- Hiu chnh di do cao trung bnh ca cnh o vi mt nc bin.

S 2 = -D (Hm/Nm)

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TCVN 8223 : 2009

Nm =

a
1 e 2 sin 2 B

trong
B l v
a = 6378248 m l bn trc ln.
e = 0,006893421623;
Hm = (HA + HB)/2: A,B l hai u cnh o.
- Hiu chnh di khi chuyn v kinh tuyn gia ca li chiu GAUSS.

S 3 = D x (Y 2m/2R2)
trong
Y m l tung tnh bng kilmt t khu o so vi kinh tuyn gia.
R l bn knh tri t.
- di cui cng ca chiu di cnh bng:
S 0 = Ddo + S 1 + S 2 + S 3
A.3 Cc my thy chun
A.3.1 Kim tra v hiu chnh li ch
Ch ng ca li ch phi trng vi phng ng dy di. Cch kim tra v hiu chnh
nh sau:
- Chn ni khut gi hoc trong phng kn, treo qu di bng dy ch. cho dy ch thng ng
v yn tnh, cn t qu di v chu nc. Cch dy ch khong 20 m n 25 m, t my thy
chun. Sau khi cn bng my, cho u dy ch trn my trng vi ng dy di, nhn qua
ng knh xem dy ch my trng vi dy di cha. Nu u kia ca dy ch lch khi 0,5 mm
th phi chnh nh sau:
+ Vn lng cc c iu chnh li ch trn my (c tri, phi ca li ch), nh nhng xoay li
ch sao cho trng kht vi ng dy di. Sau xit cht c li;
+ Tip tc kim tra 2, 3 ln hiu chnh hon ton dy ch ng trng vi dy di;
- Khi dy ch ng trng theo phng dy di th dy ch ngang ch l nm ngang song song vi
mt thu chun ca tri t (v my cu to dy ch ngang vung gc vi dy ch ng c
khc trong tm knh khng co gin).
A.3.2 Kim tra v hiu chnh gc i

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TCVN 8223 : 2009

Gc i l gc to bi hnh chiu ln mt phng thng ng gia trc ng thu di v trc ng
ngm. V l thuyt, cc my thu chun hnh hc c cu to i = 0, nhng thc t, gc i lun
tn ti: Phi kim tra v hiu chnh gi tr ca chng nm trong hn sai cho php o cao
cc cp. Vi li thu chun hng 3,4 gc i 20, qu trnh kim tra v hiu chnh nh sau:
- Kim tra:
Chn bi kim tra tng i bng phng. ng hai cc A, B cch nhau 40 m n 50 m. ng cc
c inh m trn dng mia. gia AB t trm my I 1 v ko di AB mt on bng 1/10AB
t my I2(I2A = 1/10AB), xem Hnh A.1.
Ln lt t my ti I1, I2. Dng phng php chp vch c s a 1, b 1, a 2, b 2 trn mia A, B.
Gc i tnh theo cng thc:
i=

S'
h
D

trong :

h = (b1- a 1) + (a2-b 2)
S = 206265
D = 40m - 50m.
Nu i > 20 phi tin hnh hiu chnh
Hiu chnh: Tnh s c mia xa (B) b 2 = b 2 + 1,1 h.
a2

b2
b'
2

b1

a1

I1

I2

Hnh A.1 Kim tra v hiu chnh gc i

My ang t ti I2, dng vi ng a ng ch ngang v s c b 2 trn mia dng B, khi

bt nc thu di lch, ta chnh c cn bng bt thu cho v gia. Nu my t ng nh NI025,

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TCVN 8223 : 2009

K0NI007 v.v... vic hiu chnh phi s dng hai c trn, di ca thp t tuyn sao cho dy ch
ngang ch ng tr s b 2 trn mia B. Phi kim tra v hiu chnh hai, ba ln cho n khi t
yu cu.
A.3.3 Xc nh gi tr vch chia trn ng thu di
Vi cc my thu chun chnh xc c ng thu di cn bng ng knh, khi c s nh NI030,
NI004... phi xc nh gi tr vch chia ng thu di. Cch lm nh sau:
Chn bi phng di t 50 m n 60 m. di o chnh xc n 0,1 m. Dng mia c bt thu trn
cn bng mt u. t my sao cho hai c cn theo phng php vung gc vi phng t
my n mia, ngha l c cn th 3 nm trng phng t my n mia. Sau khi cn bng my,
vn c cn th ba cho bt thu chy v 1 u ng. c s hai u bt nc v trn mia theo
dy gia. Chuyn bt nc sang u bn kia v cng c nh vy (c th dng vt nghing
vn cho bt nc lch v 2 u thay cho c cn 3).
Gi tr khong vch chia trn ng thu di (n 0,1) tnh theo cng thc:
Gi tr khong vch chia trn ng thu di (n 0,1) tnh theo cng thc:

206 L
.D

trong
L l hiu s c trn mia, tnh n milimt;

l s khong chia ca bt nc di ng;

D l khong cch t my n mia, tnh bng mt.

Gi tr c xc nh 2 n 3 ln trn cc khong cch khc nhau vo bui tri lng gi hoc
trong phng kim nghim.
Cc gi tr khong chia c ghi vo l lch ca my. Nu khong chia bt thu khng t yu
cu (hng 4: > 25, hng 3: > 20) th phi thay i ng thu di chnh xc hn.
A.3.4 Kim nghim chnh xc trc ngm khi iu chnh tiu c
a) Kim nghim chc chn ca thu knh tiu c
Chn v tr A bng phng, ng 3 cc c nh chn my. ng thng t A theo hng bng
phng chn 6 cc, mi cc cch nhau 10 m. Mi cc u phi ng inh c m dng mia;
b 20mm

Phng php o:

- t my ti A vi 3 chn gi nh v trn 3 cc, cn bng my, ngm v mia ln lt t ti cc

c20mm

cc (xem Hnh A.2);

- Vn vt nghing cho bt nc tht trng 10
hp;
m
A

40

1
A

2
A

TCVN 8223 : 2009

1
2
3
4

Hnh A.2 Bi kim nghim chnh xc trc

ngm

- Gi nguyn v tr vt nghing. Dng 1 mia t ln lt

tt c cc cc 1,2,3,4,5,6. Mi ln ngm mia phi iu
chnh tiu c tht r. Dng b o cc nh kp vch
(hoc ch gia) c s dc trn mia, k hiu l a.
- Dng vt nghing nng s c cc 6 ln khong 20

mm, ri ln lt c cc tr s nh mc c tr s a trn qua cc v tr cc, k hiu l b.

- Dng vt nghing h s c ti cc 6 xung 20 mm so vi v tr nm ngang v thao tc nh mc
c tr s b, k hiu l c.
- Nu thu knh khng b lc l, rung ng th hiu s gia cc v tr trn mia khi c tr s b, c
vi

tr

xc

sut

(tr

a)

1,5 mm i vi hng 3,4 coi l c.

Trng hp ln hn phi a v ni sn

phi

bng

khng.

Nu

tr

lch

Hnh A.3 - Bi kim nghim di dng song

song vi trc ngm

xut

hoc sa cha lp rp hiu chnh li.

b) Kim nghim di ng song song vi trc ngm ca thu knh iu chnh tiu c.

- Chn bi
Ti bi t bng phng, chn v tr A, ng 3 cc t chn my. Ly A lm tm, v mt vng trn
bn knh 50 m. Trn cung trn ng 8 cc g trn c inh m dng mia. Ti im O cng
ng 3 cc t chn my, khong cch cc cc t 0, 1, 2,..., 7 l 10, 20, 30, 40..., 70 m ( o
chnh xc qua thc thp khc n mm), xem Hnh A.3.
- Phng php o

41

TCVN 8223 : 2009

t my ti A, iu chnh tiu c tht r sau khi cn bng my. Sau tin hnh o tr s ca
mia t theo th t 0,1,2,....,7, qua ch gia v b o cc nh, o t 7,6,.... v.v v 0 nh trn.
Hai lt o nh vy gi l 1 ln. Phi tin hnh o 4 ln nh vy vi hai iu kin:
+ Trong 1 ln o khng thay i tiu c;
+ Phi thay i chiu cao my trong cc ln o qua gi 3 chn.
- Chuyn my n im 0. Trnh t thao tc ging trm A qua cc v tr ca mia 1,2,...,7.
- Gi tr chnh gia cc ln o gi l V 1 mm vi hng 3,4 l c. Nu vt hn th khng
c dng khi o qua sng (Lu : phi hiu chnh gc i trc khi lm bc ny).
A.3.5 Xc nh h s khong cch v s khng i xng ca li ch
a) H s khong cch
Hu ht cc my o thu chun hng 3,4 hin nay l dng lo khng c b o cc nh. Phng
php xc nh h s khong cch nh sau:
- Chn bi bng phng, ly khong cch t my n mia 75 m n 100 m. Sau khi cn bng
my, tin hnh c tr s trn mt en mia qua dy ch trn di, tr s gi l l (l = di- trn khi
my nh ngc, l = trn - di khi my nh thun);
- c tr s 1 qua 3 ln, mi ln thay i chiu cao my, khong cch gia my v mia c
xc nh qua thc thp vi sai s D/ D 1/500.
H s khong cch c tnh qua cng thc:
K=

D
l

trong : D l chiu di tuyn o bng thc thp vi sai s mD/D 1/500.

- Nu my c b o cc nh nh K0NI007, xc nh h s K theo Quy phm xy dng li nh
nc hng 1,2,3 v 4( quyt nh s 112/KT ngy 15/5/1989 Cc o c Bn Nh nc nay
l Tng cc a chnh)
b) S khng i xng ca li ch
Trn bi kim nghim nh trn, c 3 ln tr s c dy trn, gia, di. T tnh ton c ly
trung bnh t 3 tr trn.
Tnh s i xng theo cng thc:
a = ( gia- trn) - ( di - gia) 1,4 mm.
Nu vt qu 1,4 mm phi thay i li ch khc ti xng ch to.
A.3.6 Kim nghim xc nh cc thng s ca mia
a) Xc nh chiu di trung bnh 1 m trn mia

42

TCVN 8223 : 2009

t mia v thc Gi-ne-v trong cng mt phng vi nhit 200 oC, m 60 %. t mia
song song vi thc Gi-ne-v, kp st khong cch t 1 n 10, 10 n 20, 20 n 29 dm vi
mia g. hai u mi on, c tr s 2 ln. Khi chuyn ln c phi dch thc i 1 cht.c
s trn thc Gi-ne-v n 0,1 ca vch chia( mi vch chia 0,02 mm). Chnh lch gia hai
hiu s ca hai ln c trn thc Gi-ne-v i vi khong cch 1 m ca mia 0,06 mm. Nu
vt qu th phi x dch thc v c li 2 ln nh trn. Nu 3 ln lin k t yu cu mi ly
tr s l gi tr thc ca 1 m trn mia. Tr s ca khong cch trn mia o i, o v khc nhau
0,1 mm c php ly tr trung bnh.
b) Kim nghim mt y ca mia c trng vi vch s 0.
Vch 0 mt en ca mia g hoc vch 0 ca thang chnh trn mia in-va phi trng vi mt y
ca mia.
Cch kim nghim: Dn vo y mia li dao co, s dng thc Gi-ne-v o t li dao co
ln vch chia trn mia. S trng hp hoc khc bit gia tr o qua thc vi gi tr trn mia cho
ta xc nh c khng trng hp im 0 ca mia.
c) Kim nghim s vung gc ca mt y mia vi tr ng ca mia.
Ly 3 cc st hoc 3 cc g c m inh, ng trn cng mt khong cch my t 20 m n 30
m. Chnh cao gia cc nh cc phi t 10 cm n 20 cm.
c my n mia qua 2 ln o theo cc v tr ca mia nh sau;
- Trung tm mia (1)
- Ra sau gia mia (2)

.4

.5

.6

- Ra sau tri mia (3)

.1

- Ra trc tri mia (4)

- Ra trc gia mia (5)

.3

.2

.7

- Ra trc phi mia (6)

- Ra sau phi mia (7)
Mi ln c mia qua dy gia phi gi nguyn v tr ng knh.
Vi tr s 3 cc, ta c 21 tr s qua 7 v tr ca mt y mia. Nu cc tr s chnh nhau u
nh hn 0,1 mm, chng t mt y mia vung gc vi trc ng ca mia. Nu vt qu 0,1 mm
th khi o thu chun hng 3, 4 phi lun t gia mia trn im o.
d) Xc nh hng s K gia mt en, ca cp mia.
- ng 3 cc st hoc g c m inh theo hng ngang cch my t 20 m n 30 m. chnh
cao gia cc cc n 20 cm. i vi mia g, ch cn ng 1 cc v o 4 ln.

43

TCVN 8223 : 2009

- Th t o mi ln nh sau: Cn my tht chnh xc v gi nguyn trong 1 ln o, dng mia th
nht ln lt qua cc v tr ca cc, c tr s dy gia qua mt en, . Tip tc vi mia th 2
cng nh trn.
- Thay i chiu cao my c tip ln 2,3,4 tng t nh ln 1 vi 2 mia.
- Hiu s gia s c mt en, mt chnh l K. Lp thnh bng tr s K qua 4 ln c qua cp
mia( mia 1, mia 2). Sau ly tr trung bnh lm tr o thc t( thng thng vi mia g, K =
4473, 4573, vi mia in-va K = 60).
e) Xc nh vng ca mia
Mt khc s ca mia phi l mt phng. Kim nghim vng f qua dy ch cng t u mia v
cui mia. Sau dng thc thp chnh xc n milimt o cc khong cch ai( a 1,a 2,a 3) t
u ny, qua gia v n u kia.
vng tnh theo cng thc
f = a2

a1 + a 3
2

Nu f > 8 mm vi 1 mia g, f > 4 mm mia in-va th phi i ly mia khc. Nu khng c mia i
th phi tnh s ci chnh mia theo cng thc:

f =

8. f 2
3l

trong

f l s ci chnh chiu di mia, tnh theo milmt;

f l vng ca mia, tnh theo milmt;
l

44

l chiu di mia, tnh theo milmt.

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Ph lc B
(tham kho)
Bnh sai tuyn, s ha thng k v mu mc b tng khng ch mt bng v cao

B1 Bnh sai cc tuyn khng ch mt bng v cao theo phn mm Picknet Ver 2.00
V D: Thnh qu tnh ton bnh sai li mt bng ng chuyn cp 1

Ch tiu k thut li
1. Tng s im:

51

2. S im gc:

3. S im mi lp:

48

4. S lng gc o:

49

5. S lng cnh o:

50

6. Gc phng v o:

0
Bng B.1 S liu khi tnh

S TT

Tn im

Ta
X (m)

Y (m)

GPS 3

2261858.452

18627349.526

GPS 4

2261436.024

18627675.275

GPS 1

2262529.634

18625814.740

Bng B.2 Thnh qu ta bnh sai (tip theo)

S

K hiu

TT

im

Ta

Sai s v tr im

X (m)

Y (m)

Mx

My

Mp

DC

2263021.650

18626264.772

.038

.041

.056

C29

2263610.003

18626517.807

.058

.086

.104

C30

2264104.186

18626753.180

.076

.123

.144

C31

2265300.951

18626262.068

.049

.208

.214

86 - 2h

2265574.308

18626949.941

.044

.227

.231

C32

2265616.797

18624485.970

.116

.230

.258

C33

2265945.723

18623361.107

.193

.249

.315

C34

2266762.252

18622137.472

.273

.295

.402

Bng B.2 (kt thc)

S

K hiu

TT

im

9
10

Ta

Sai s v tr im

X (m)

Y (m)

Mx

My

Mp

C35

2269093.425

18622009.761

.283

.424

.509

C36

2269406.355

18621923.392

.288

.440

.526

45

TCVN 8223 : 2009

11

C37

2269499.898

18621821.802

.293

.445

.533

12

C38

2270435.389

18621322.626

.318

.487

.582

13

C39

2271723.079

18620805.587

.343

.544

.543

14

C40

2273171.433

18620127.500

.376

.610

.716

15

C41

2274147.075

18619890.411

.388

.655

.761

16

C42

2275110.028

18619394.894

.412

.700

.812

17

C43

2275691.807

18617478.795

.511

.727

.888

18

C44

2276880.700

18616721.553

.552

.782

.957

19

G1

2277381.595

18616628.558

.557

.804

.978

20

ph82h

2277789.079

18616554.022

.561

.825

.998

21

MC82

2277892.619

18616540.410

.562

.831

1.003

22

x26

2278190.063

18616467.198

.566

.849

1.021

23

x25

2278757.348

18616145.522

.587

.892

1.067

24

82-1t

2277877.022

18618083.037

.491

.825

.960

25

C6

2277495.929

18618306.715

.482

.808

.941

26

C7

2276733.593

18619029.782

.451

.776

.897

27

C8

2276611.337

18619980.239

.412

.770

.873

28

C9

2276333.880

18620401.232

.394

.758

.854

29

C10

2276128.400

18620578.593

.387

.748

.842

30

C11

2275914.395

18621005.758

.367

.737

.824

31

C12

2275335.501

18621681.718

.336

.708

.784

32

C13

2274844.195

18622147.461

.313

.682

.751

33

C14

2274190.030

18622474.589

.297

.647

.712

46

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Bng B.3 Tng h v tr im
N% im u

Chiu di

Ms

(m)

(m)

C29

640.457

.014

GPS1

666.796

C29

C30

C30

DC

C31
86-2h
C32
C33
C34
C35
C36
C37
C38
C39
C40

N% im cui

Ms/S

Phng v

M(a)

o' "

"

1/45300

231616.54

16.26

.014

1/46700

2222655.73

16,86

547.373

.014

1/40100

252804.48

15.86

DC

640.457

.014

1/45300

2031616.54

16.26

C29

547.373

.014

1/40100

2052804.48

15.86

C31

1293.614

.018

1/73500

3374118.34

15.63

C30

1293.614

.018

1/73500

1574118.34

15.63

86-2h

351.598

.013

1/27900

3210146.34

15.57

C31

351.598

.013

1/27900

1410146.34

15.57

C32

1555.552

.019

1/81700

2713354.70

15.49

86-2h

1555.552

.019

1/81700

913354.70

15.49

C33

1171.968

.017

1/69000

2861758.75

15.06

C32

1171.968

.017

1/69000

1061758.75

15.06

C34

1471.054

.019

1/79300

3034254.38

14.43

C33

1471.054

.019

1/79300

1234254.38

14.43

C35

2334.669

.023

1/100900

3565151.25

13.67

C34

2334.669

.023

1/100900

1765151.25

13.67

C36

324.630

.012

1/26100

3443413.59

13.49

C35

324.630

.012

1/26100

1643413.59

13.49

C37

138.097

.011

1/12100

3123818.65

13.35

C36

138.097

.011

1/12100

1323818.65

13.35

C38

1060.339

.016

1/64800

3315456.50

13.16

C37

1060.339

.016

1/64800

1515456.50

13.16

C39

1387.615

.018

1/76600

3380724.02

13.05

C38

1387.615

.018

1/76600

1580724.02

13.05

C40

1599.228

.019

1/83200

3345443.46

13.11

C39

1599.228

.019

1/83200

1545443.46

13.11

C41

1004.036

.016

1/62500

3462029.07

13.31

47

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Kt qu nh gi chnh xc li
1. Sai s trong s n v M = 4.32"
2. im yu nht (x25

) mp = .819 (m)

3. Chiu di cnh yu: (MC82 - ph82h)ms/s = 1/11500

4. Phng v cnh yu: (DC - GPS1) ma = 13.71"
Bng B.4 Tr o, s hiu chnh v tr bnh sai gc (tip theo)
S

K hiu gc

Tr o

S CC

S H.C

Tr bnh sai

O'"

m.ph.

(")

0 ' "

TT

Tri

Gia

Phi

GPS1

DC

C29

1604921.00

-.35

.11

1604920.77

DC

C29

C30

1821148.00

-.35

.21

1821147.86

C29

C30

C31

1321314.00

-.55

.30

1321313.75

C30

C31

86-2h

1632028.00

-.47

.35

1632027.88

C31

86-2h

C32

1303208.00

-.10

.35

1303208.25

86-2h

C32

C33

1944404.00

-.12

.14

1944404.02

C32

C33

C34

1972456.00

-.36

.02

1972455.66

C33

C34

C35

2330858.00

-.98

-.06

2330856.96

C34

C35

C36

1674223.00

-.82

.17

1674222.34

10

C35

C36

C37

1480405.00

-.13

.18

1480405.06

11

C36

C37

C38

1991638.00

-.32

.18

1991637.86

12

C37

C38

C39

1861228.00

-.69

.21

1861227.52

13

C38

C39

C40

1764720.00

-.84

.28

1764719.44

14

C39

C40

C41

1912546.00

-.74

.35

1912545.61

15

C40

C41

C42

1662545.00

-.59

.44

1662544.85

16

C41

C42

C43

1340709.00

-.47

.47

1340709.00

17

C42

C43

C44

2203658.00

-.53

.18

2203657.64

18

C43

C44

G1

2015836.00

-.50

.19

2015835.69

19

C44

G1

ph82h

1800907.24

-.27

.00

1800906.97

20

G1

ph82h

MC82

1825235.00

-.15

.00

1825234.85

21

ph82h

MC82

x26

1733942.00

-.12

.00

1733941.88

22

MC82

x26

x25

1641621.50

-.26

.00

1641621.24

23

C44

G1

82-1t

2614228.00

-.30

.24

2614227.94

24

G1

82-1t

C6

2582358.00

-.03

.60

2582358.56

25

82-1t

C6

C7

1665528.00

.35

.59

1665528.93

26

C6

C7

C8

1404854.00

.27

.63

1404854.89

27

C7

C8

C9

2060326.00

.12

.80

2060326.92

28

C8

C9

C10

1954848.00

.15

.84

1954848.99

Tr o

S CC

S H.C

Tr bnh sai

Bng B.4 (kt thc)

S

K hiu gc

TT

Tri

Gia

Phi

O'"

m.ph.

(")

0 ' "

29

C9

C10

C11

1572434.00

.13

.85

1572434.98

48

TCVN 8223 : 2009

30

C10

C11

C12

1935758.00

.24

.90

1935759.15

31

C11

C12

C13

1855710.00

.33

.96

1855711.29

32

C12

C13

C14

1965405.00

.36

.98

1965406.34

33

C13

C14

C15

1893934.00

.54

.95

1893935.49

34

C14

C15

C16

1875331.00

.68

.87

1875332.56

35

C15

C16

C17

1501120.00

.69

.75

1501121.45

36

C16

C17

MC84t

1424653.00

.41

.77

1424654.18

37

C17

MC84t

C18

2583430.00

.36

.91

2583431.27

38

MC84t

C18

C19

2100558.00

.42

.78

2100559.19

39

C18

C19

C20

1304221.00

.58

.67

130422.25

40

C19

C20

C21

1524702.00

.78

.55

1524703.33

41

C20

C21

86-2t

1695026.00

.51

.61

1695027.12

42

C21

86-2t

C22

1754626.00

.45

.69

1754627.13

43

86-2t

C22

C23

2302515.00

.55

.83

2302516.38

44

C22

C23

C24

1764001.00

.49

.73

1764002.22

45

C23

C24

C25

1994215.00

.55

.67

1994216.22

46

C24

C25

C26

1771246.00

.69

.48

1771247.18

47

C25

C26

CC4

1922053.00

.44

.32

1922053.76

48

C26

CC4

GPS3

2810922.00

.03

.26

2810922.29

49

CC4

GPS3

GPS4

230660.00

.06

.21

230700.27

Bng B.5 Tr o, s hiu chnh v tr bnh sai cnh (tip theo)

S

K hiu cnh
d.1

d.2

GPS1

DC

DC

C29

Tr o

S ci chnh

S hiu

Tr bnh sai

Elip

Gauss

chnh (m)

(m)

666.666

.000

.130

.000

66.796

C29

640.331

.000

.126

.000

640.457

C30

547.265

.000

.108

.000

547.373

C30

C31

1293.359

.000

.255

.001

1293.614

C31

86-2h

351.529

.000

.069

.000

351.598

86-2h

C32

1555.251

.000

.301

.000

1555.552

C32

C33

1171.746

.000

.222

.000

1171.968

C33

C34

1470.781

.000

.273

.001

1471.054

C34

C35

2334.240

.000

.428

.001

2334.669

S hiu

Tr bnh sai

TT
1

(m)

Bng B.5 (tip theo)

S

K hiu cnh
d.1

d.2

10

C35

C36

11

C36

12

Tr o

S ci chnh
Elip

Gauss

chnh (m)

(m)

324.570

.000

.059

.000

324.630

C37

138.072

.000

.025

.000

138.097

C37

C38

1060.146

.000

.193

.000

1060.339

13

C38

C39

1387.364

.000

.250

.001

1387.615

14

C39

C40

1598.942

.000

.286

.001

1599.228

TT

(m)

49

TCVN 8223 : 2009

15

C40

C41

1003.858

.000

.178

.000

1004.036

16

C41

C42

1082.774

.000

.191

.000

1082.965

17

C42

C43

2002.128

.000

.346

.001

2002.475

18

C43

C44

1409.329

.000

.238

.001

1409.568

19

C44

C1

.000

509.155

20

G1

ph82h

414.176

.000

.069

.000

414.245

21

ph82h

MC82

104.413

.000

.017

.000

104.430

22

MC82

x26

306.271

.000

.051

.000

104.430

23

x26

x25

652.032

.000

.109

.000

652.141

24

G1

82-1t

1536.280

.000

.261

.000

1536.540

25

82-1t

C6

441.811

.000

.076

.000

441.887

26

C6

C7

1050.523

.000

.182

.000

1050.705

27

C7

C8

958.120

.000

.169

.000

958.288

28

C8

C9

504.110

.000

.090

.000

504.199

29

C9

C10

271.391

.000

.049

.000

271.439

30

C10

C11

477.688

.000

.086

.000

477.774

31

C11

C12

889.806

.000

.161

.000

889.967

32

C12

C13

676.853

.000

.124

.000

676.977

33

C13

C14

731.265

.000

.135

.000

731.399

34

C14

C15

1109.285

.000

.205

.000

1109.490

35

C15

C16

1137.672

.000

.212

.000

1137.883

50

.000

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Bng B.5 (kt thc)
S

K hiu cnh
d.1

d.2

36

C16

c17

37

C17

38

Tr o

S ci chnh

S hiu

Tr bnh sai

Elip

Gauss

chnh (m)

(m)

1398.680

.000

.262

-.001

1398.942

MC84t

861.396

.000

.164

.000

861.560

MC84t

C18

915.990

.000

.175

000

916.165

39

C18

C19

477.777

.000

.091

.000

477.868

40

C19

C20

1494.802

.000

.286

-.001

1495.087

41

C20

C21

1400.714

.000

.271

-.001

1400.984

42

C21

86-2t

1010.351

.000

.198

.000

1010.549

43

86-2t

C22

1497.456

.000

2.99

-.001

1497.754

44

C22

C23

919.107

.000

.185

.000

919.292

45

C23

C24

599.488

.000

.121

.000

599.609

46

C24

C25

1108.605

.000

.224

.000

1108.828

47

C25

C26

1031.859

.000

.208

.000

1032.067

48

C26

CC4

327.970

.000

.066

.000

328.036

49

CC4

GPS3

463.908

.000

.093

.000

464.001

50

GPS3

GPS4

533.354

.000

.107

-.021

533.440

TT

(m)

Ngy........ thng........ nm ...........

1. Ngi thc hin o c:
2. Ngi thc hin tnh ton:
** Tnh theo chng trnh PICKNET Ver 2.00 **

Bt u tnh: 01:59:33
Kt thc tnh: 01:59:35

51

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Hnh B.1 - S ha tuyn ng truyn cp 1

B.2 Bnh sai li giao hi pha trc trn my vi tnh

Ch tiu ca li
1. Tng s im

:8

2. S im gc

:4

3. S im mi lp

:4

4. S lng gc o

:6

5. S lng cnh o

:5

6. Gc phng v o

:0
Bng B.6 S liu khi tnh

52

S TT

Tn im

NL12

Ta
X (m)

Y (m)

78388.730

80569.940

TCVN 8223 : 2009

2

NLC

78556.820

80648.130

NL5

77594.310

80174.960

NL6

77765.590

80544.000

Bng B.7 Thnh qu ta bnh sai

S

K hiu

TT

im

Ta

Sai s v tr im

X (m)

Y (m)

Mx

My

Mp

NL7

77837.745

80492.684

.009

.006

.011

NL8

77928.355

80428.238

.012

.008

.014

NL10

78171.175

80451.603

.012

.008

.014

NL11

78306.236

80522.836

.009

.006

.011

Bng B.8 Tng h v tr im

im

im cui

Chiu di
(m)

Phng v
O

'

Ms/S

"

M(a)

M (t/h)

"

NL6

88.542

144 34 46 . 72

1 / 8600

8 . 28

. 011

NL7

111.192

324 34 41 . 30

1 / 10700

8 . 35

. 011

NL10

243 . 941

05 29 46 . 79

1 / 23400

6 . 44

. 013

NL7

111 . 192

144 34 41 . 30

1 / 10700

8 . 35

. 011

NL11

152 . 694

27 48 27 . 94

1 / 14900

7 . 67

. 012

NL8

243 . 941

185 29 46 . 79

1 / 23400

6 . 44

. 013

NL12

94 . 995

29 43 34 . 67

1 / 9400

8 . 05

. 111

NL10

152 . 694

207 48 27 . 94

1 / 14900

7 . 67

. 012

NLC

194 . 499

23 42 13 . 55

-------------

-------------

-------------

NL11

94 . 995

209 43 34 . 67

1 / 9400

8 . 05

. 011

NLC

NL12

194 . 499

203 42 13 . 55

-------------

-------------

-------------

NL5

NL6

242 . 000

315 . 312 . 86

-------------

-------------

-------------

NL5

242 . 000

135 03 12 . 86

-------------

-------------

-------------

NL7

88 . 542

324 34 46 . 72

1 / 8600

8 . 28

. 011

NL7

NL8

NL10

NL11
NL12

NL6

Kt qu nh gi chnh xc li
1. Sai s trong s n v: M = 10.83"
2. im yu nht (NL8): mp = .014 (m)
3. Chiu di cnh yu: (NL6 NL7) ms/s = 1/8600
4. Phng v cnh yu: (NL8 NL7) ma = 8.35"
Bng B.9 Tr o, s hiu chnh v tr bnh sai gc
TT

K hiu gc

Gc o

S h/c

Gc bnh sai

NL5

NL6

NL7

189

31

30

3.86

189

31

33.86

NL6

NL7

NL8

179

59

50

4.58

179

59

54.58

53

TCVN 8223 : 2009

3

NL7

NL8

NL10

220

54

60

5.49

220

54

05.49

NL8

NL10

NL11

202

18

40

1.15

202

18

41.15

NL10

NL11

NL12

181

55

10

-3.27

181

55

06.73

NL11

NL12

NLC

173

58

45

-6.12

173

58

38.88

Bng B.10 Tr o, s hiu chnh v tr bnh sai cnh

TT

K hiu cnh

S (o)

S h/c

S (bnh sai)

NL6

NL7

88.550

-0.008

88.542

NL7

NL8

111.200

-0.008

111.192

NL8

NL10

243.950

-0.009

243.941

NL10

NL11

152.700

-0.006

152.694

NL11

NL12

95.000

-0.005

94.995

B.3 Bnh sai tuyn thy chun hnh hc qua my vi tnh

Thnh qu tnh tan bnh sai thy chun hng 4
Cc ch tiu ca li

54

1. Tng s im

2. S im gc

:2

3. S lng mi lp

: 28

4. S lng tr o

: 30

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Bng B.11 - S lng khi tnh
TT

Tn im

cao (m)

LA.II.III.5

1479.924

LA.II.III.3

1531.393

Tuyn:
LA_II.5_XH24_XH23_XH22_XH21_XH19_XH18_XH17_R1_XH16_XH15_XH14_R2_X
- S on o

- Chiu di tuyn o

[S]

15

2.555

(km)

- Sai s khp

Wh

-15.0

(mm)

- Sai s khp gii hn

Wh (gh)

32.0

(mm)

Bng B.12 Kt qu cao bnh sai

STT

K hiu im

cao

S.S.T.P

XH24

1479.167

.008

XH23

1478.913

.008

XH22

1478.926

.008

XH21

1478.990

.008

XH20

1478.980

.008

XH19

1497.465

.008

XH18

1479.382

.007

XH17

1479.526

.007

R1

1480.615

.007

10

XH16

1479.628

.006

11

XH15

1481.302

.006

12

XH14

1480.563

.005

13

R2

1480.936

.004

14

XH13

1479.142

.003

15

XH12

1478.747

.003

16

XH11

1478.795

.004

17

XH10

1479.340

.005

18

XH9

1479.047

.006

19

XH8

1481.585

.007

20

XH7

1482.363

.007

21

R3

1479.555

.007

22

XH6

1479.432

.007

23

XH5

1479.359

.007

24

XH4

1479.265

.007

25

XH3

1478.985

.007

26

XH2

1479.150

.008

27

XH1

1479.302

.008

28

XH26

1479.202

.008

Bng B.13 Tr o v cc i lng bnh sai

55

TCVN 8223 : 2009

STT

Tn on o
T-n

Chnh cao o
(m)

Chiu di L
(m)

S H.C

Chnh cao

V (m)

B/s (m)

LA-II.5_XH24

-.764

1.25

.007

-.757

XH24_XH23

-.255

.15

.001

-.254

XH23_XH22

.012

.08

.000

.012

XH22_XH21

.064

.11

.001

.065

XH21_XH20

-.011

.12

.001

-.010

XH20_XH19

.485

.05

.000

.485

XH19_XH18

-.084

.16

.001

-.083

XH18_XH17

.143

.10

.001

.144

XH17_R1

1.089

.05

.000

1.089

10

R1_XH16

-.987

.04

.000

-.987

11

XH16_XH15

1.673

.11

.001

1.674

12

XH15_XH14

-.740

.12

.001

-.739

13

XH14_R2

.373

.04

.000

.373

14

R2_XH13

-1.794

.07

.000

-1.794

15

XH13_XH12

-.058

.11

.001

-.507

16

XH12_XH11

.111

.09

.001

.112

17

XH11_XH10

.047

.11

.001

.048

18

XH10_XH9

.545

.12

.001

.546

19

XH9_XH8

-.267

.11

.001

-.266

20

XH8_XH7

2.510

.11

.001

2.511

21

XH7_R3

.778

.02

.000

.778

22

R3_XH6

-2.809

.06

.000

-2.809

23

XH6_XH5

-.123

.06

.000

-.123

24

XH5_XH4

-.074

.05

.000

-.074

25

XH4_XH3

-.094

.06

.000

-.094

26

XH3_XH2

-.280

.03

.000

-.280

27

XH2_XH1

.165

.03

.000

.165

28

XH1_XH26

.151

.08

.001

.152

29

XH26_XH25

-.083

.13

.001

-.082

30

XH25_LA-II.3

52.164

1.18

.009

52.173

Sai s n v trng s Mh = .010 m

B.4 S ha thng k v mu mc b tng khng ch mt bng v cao
B.4.1 S ha, thng k cao, ta khng ch mt bng v cao trn tuyn knh

C quan thc hin

Thng k s ho im gii tch 1, 2

Cng trnh

Thi gian thc hin

My o

Ngi o

Ngy.....

S hiu cng trnh

Bt u

Htrm

Ngi kim tra

Ngy....

Tn

56

Cao

To

Kt thc

S ho

Ghi ch

TCVN 8223 : 2009

mc
A1

38.294

X
71.363.486

Y
66.241.098

A2

46.060

72.257.322

66.333.225

A3

66.410

71.668.753

64.007.326

A4

94.168

73.618.312

67.304.457

69.965.779

60.040.122

A5

Mc b tng trt b khc

ch A1 c trn tng
nm trn nh i thp.
Trn ng t huyn vo
x Nh H nm bn phi
cch ng 30m. Cch
ch nh H 500m, cch
trm y t 300m, gn qun
un tc v qun nc
Mc b tng trt b klhc
ch A2, gia c nm st
c trn tng cch
ng t 500m i din
vi trm y t x theo
ng mn gn qun
nc vo chn ni c
nhiu ln, tng
T ch nh H, i theo
ng vo h CK7 ti ng
ba r phi theo ng vo
300 m. Ti i K3, mc b
tng trt, khc ch chm
thuc x Nh H - Ninh
Phc
Mc b tng gn trn dnh
nc thp Chm thuc thn
Bu Xanh x Phc Hu
huyn Nnh Phc
Mc b tng trt b khc
ch A5 chn trong rung
trng mu cch cho p
theo pha t 40m. T u
ban x Phc H, theo
ng nh n p C
Tiu khong 200m l gp
mc

57

TCVN 8223 : 2009

B.4.2 Mu mc b tng khng ch mt bng v cao

CH DN:

1) a, c l mc tim chnh cng trnh v knh;

2) b l mc tim nhng im chi tit ng cong v im khi phc tim, tuyn;
3) d l mc nh tuyn nh ngot Si;
4) e l cc g nh tuyn im chi tit;
5) m l mc km trn knh.

58

TCVN 8223 : 2009

Ph lc C
(quy nh)
Cc phng php xc nh tuyn knh, tuyn cng trnh
C.1 Phng php tin dn
Phng php nh tuyn tin dn tin hnh theo trnh t sau (xem Hnh C.1):
t my ti S1, t tiu ngm ti S2 (S1, S2 l hai im ngot k nhau ca tuyn knh).

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

C6

S2

S1

Hnh C.1 Phng php tin dn

iu quang my tht r S2 ngm t S1 v S2, t tr s bn c nh ( 0 0,10 0, 60 0 v.v...)
kho bn li.
Dng tiu th t t C1, C2, C3,... C6. Mi khi dng tiu u iu quang v c nh tr bn
t.
Sai s cho php lch tuyn thng 2 mm
nh du v tr ng cc nh mu Hnh B.1 (e).
nh tuyn mt lt tip t S1, C1, ... C6, S2 theo tr bn t, vch tuyn bng sn
trn u cc. Sai s lch v S2 2 mm.
C.2 Phng php li dn
Phng php li dn c tin hnh nh phng php tin dn ch khc l hiu nh tuyn
ngc li.
Phng php ny s dng thun li khi r cc im u v cui v chnh xc cao hn
phng php tin dn. Song khi mt giao thng i li dy c hoc nhiu cy ci, a vt th
hay nhm tuyn.

59

TCVN 8223 : 2009

C.3 nh tuyn knh khi c chng ngi vt
Khi trn tuyn knh c chng ngi vt, vic nh tuyn v xc nh tim theo phng n sau:
S dng cc phng php xc nh to sau: Phng php xc nh to vung gc,
phng php to cc, phng php giao hi (xem C.4 trong Ph lc C), vi sai s nh hn
sai s xc nh tim tuyn (theo yu cu)

n:
m =

M
n

trong
m l sai s nh tuyn ca tng on, tng bc vt chng ngi vt;
n l s cnh, s bc xc nh to gin tip n im cn cm tim;
M l sai s trung phng xc nh v tr im tim tuyn.
- Chn mc v nh s th t theo bn thit k.
- o chnh xc tuyn xc nh X, Y ca im tim tuyn vi sai s 0,01 m so vi tr thit k
ca ch nhim n hoc theo tr tnh t cu hnh tuyn yu cu (cong, ngot, gc vung, thng
hng v.v... ).
- Biu din cc im tim tuyn trn bnh bng knh hoc cng trnh.
C.4 Cc phng php xc nh im chi tit ca ng cong
Cc im c bn ca ng cong cha xc nh v tr ca ng cong ngoi thc a khi
ng cong di, tri qua nhiu a hnh, a vt. Cn phi b tr thm mt s im chi tit c
khong cch u nhau, c th l 5, 10, 15 hoc 20m tu thuc vo bn knh cong v chiu di
dy cung. Hin nay, c mt s phng php xc nh cc im chi tit ca ng cong v c
tin cy m bo.
C.4.1 Phng php to vung gc
a) Cng thc tnh:
Bn cht ca phng php l cc im chi tit ca ng cong c xc nh trong h thng
to vung gc, nhn im u hoc cui ng cong (T 0, TF) l gc to v hng tip c
ca ng cong lm trc honh (xem Hnh C.2).

60

TCVN 8223 : 2009

x
3
2
K
K
1

x1
K

T 0=D

y1

Hnh C.2 Phng php to vung gc

To ca im i chi tit trn ng cong bng:

xi = Rsin i.

i
yi = 2Rsin 2 2

(C.1)

trong
R l bn knh cong chn ca ch nhim cng trnh.
i

l s th t ca im chi tit

l gc tm gia cc im chi tit.

0 =

180
.K
R

(C.2)

trong
K

l khong cch trn ng cong gia cc im chi tit.

b) Xc nh im chi tit ng cong ngoi thc a

T im u hoc cui ca ng cong trn hng tip c (phng tip tuyn vung gc vi
bn knh hng tm cong R) ngi ta t lin tip nhng on thng bng iK qua thc thp
hoc my o xa vi sai s mS/S 1/1000. Ti u mt cc khong cch ny, ngi ta li li cc
khong cch bng (iK-x i) tng ng. Ti cc im mi tm c ny, dng cc gc vung vi
tip tuyn qua o gc vung vi sai s 30 v trn t cc khong cch bng cc tung y i
(theo cng thc C.1) xc nh cc im chi tit th i trn ng cong (i= 1,2,3...).

61

TCVN 8223 : 2009

C.4.2 Phng php to cc
a) Cng thc xc nh
Gc cc l gc hp bi ng tip c v cc tia t im u (D= T 0) hoc cui qua cc im chi
tit, cn khong cch cc S l chiu di gia hai im chi tit trn dy cung (xem Hnh C.3) tnh
theo cng thc:
S = 2Rsin

180 0
=
K
R

1
/2

T 0=D

Hnh C.3 Phng php ta cc

b) Xc nh ti thc a
t my ti D, m gc cc bng /2 so vi hng tip c. Trn hng tm c, o trc tip
khong cch S bng thc thp hoc my o xa vi mS/S 1/1000, xc nh c im 1.
Tip tc ng ti 1, m gc /2 nh trn, o khong cch S trn hng va xc nh c im
2 v.v... C tip tc nh vy cho n ht cc im chi tit cn va xc nh.
C.4.3 Phng php dy cung ko di
- im 1 c xc nh theo phng php to vung gc.
- Trn hng dy cung D1 ko di, t on thng S (qua thc kp hoc my o xa) tm c
v tr im 2.

62

TCVN 8223 : 2009

- T im 1 v 2 giao hi cnh vi cc khong cch S v d xc nh c v tr ca im 2.
Cng thc xc nh d:
d=

S2
R

(C.4)

- Tip tc ko di dy cung theo hng 12 v t khong cch bng S ta c 3 v tng t

nh trn ta xc nh c im 3 l im chi tit trn ng cong.
- Tip tc nh trn cho n xc nh c tt c cc im chi tit trn ng cong ca tuyn
knh hoc tuyn cng trnh.

S
1

Hnh C.4 Phng php dy cung ko di

63

64
Hnh D.4 Mt ct ngang knh c

D.1 Bnh bng knh kt hp ct dc

Mu bnh , ct dc v ct ngang

(tham kho)

Ph lc D

TCVN 8223 : 2009

D.2 Ct dc knh mi

Hnh D.2 Ct dc knh mi

TCVN 8223 : 2009

65

D.3 Ct dc knh mi
Hnh D.4 Mt ct dc knh c

TCVN 8223 : 2009

66

D.4 Mt ct ngang knh c

Hnh D.4 Mt ct ngang knh c

TCVN 8223 : 2009

67

D.5 Mt ct ngang knh mi

Hnh D.5 Mt ct ngang knh mi

TCVN 8223 : 2009

68