TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Xut bn ln 1

CNG TRNH THU LI

CC QUY NH CH YU V
LI KHNG CH CAO A HNH
Hydraulic works - The basic stipulation for topographic
elevation control networks

H NI 2009

TCVN 8225 : 2009

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Mc lc

1
2
3
4
5
6
Ph lc A
Ph lc B
Ph lc C
Ph lc D
Ph lc E
Ph lc G
Ph lc H
Ph lc I
Ph lc K

Li ni u
Phm vi p dng
Thut ng v nh ngha
Quy nh k thut
Phng php thy chun hnh hc
Phng php GPS
Phng php thu chun lng gic chnh xc cao
Kim tra v hiu chnh cc b phn ca my thu chun (quy nh)
S o v bng tnh chnh lch cao khi lc (quy nh)
X l v bnh sai li cao thu chun hnh hc (tham kho)
Mc thu chun hng 3, 4 (quy nh)
S ho mc thu chun (tham kho)
My thu v h thng x l GPS (tham kho)
My ton c in t (quy nh)
S o thu chun lng gic (tham kho)
Phm vi ng dng ca cc phng php (tham kho)

Trang
4
5
5
6
8
15
17
20
30
32
35
37
38
41
46
47

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Li ni u
TCVN 8225 : 2009 c chuyn i t 14TCN 102 2002
theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v
Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s
127/2007/N-CP ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi
tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun
k thut.
TCVN 8225 : 2009 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam
bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn ngh,
Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh,
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

TCVN 8225 : 2009

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Cng trnh thu li Cc quy nh ch yu v li khng ch cao

a hnh
Hydraulic works - The basic stipulation for Topographic Elevation Control Networks

1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny bao gm nhng quy nh ch yu v li khng ch cao a hnh trong cc cng
trnh thu li Vit Nam.
Li khng ch cao c s trong cc cng trnh thu li c xy dng l li hng 3, 4 v li k
thut theo phng php cao c hnh hc, phng php GPS (h thng nh v ton cu) v phng
php lng gic chnh xc cao, ni t cc im hng 1, 2, 3, 4 Quc gia.

2 Thut ng v nh ngha
Tiu chun ny p dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:
2.1
Thu chun hnh hc (geodetic levelling)
Cao ng thu chun o qua phng php hnh hc bi cc my thu chun c s dng nhiu
nht trong cng trnh thu li.
2.2
Thu chun lng gic chnh xc cao (vertical anglegranimetric levelling)
Cao ng thu chun c o qua cc my ton c in t khi a hnh c dc ln 25o.
2.3
Thu chun GPS (GPS levelling)
Cao im o qua h thng GPS (GPS: Global Positioning System: h thng nh v ton cu) s
dng khi ni cao nhng vng xa, kh tuyn i, thc ph nhiu, dc a hnh ln kh o thu
chun hnh hc, thu chun lng gic.
2.4
Tuyn thu chun ph hp (suitable levelling line)
L tuyn xut pht t im hng cao hn khp v im hng cao khc.
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2.5
Tuyn thu chun khp kn (close levelling line )
L tuyn xut pht t 1 im hng cao khp v ngay im .
2.6
Li thu chun im nt (intersection levelling line )
L li to bi nhiu tuyn ct nhau (t 3 tuyn tr ln) theo cc im nt.

3 Quy nh k thut
3.1 H cao
3.1.1 H cao trong cng trnh thu li l h cao Quc gia, im gc l im Hn Du Hi Phng.
3.1.2 Trong trng hp c bit, khi cng trnh vng su vng xa, bin gii hi o cha c im
cao quc gia th li cao cng trnh c php gi nh cao theo bn 1: 50.000 b sung
ni dung v chuyn i sang li chiu VN 2000 t nm 2000 2001 nhng khi c s liu dn truyn
cao quc gia th phi hiu chnh cao gi nh sang cao thc ca li quc gia cho cc im
o ca cng trnh.
3.2 Cc cp li cao
3.2.1 Li cao hng 3 gm cc im hng 3 ni vi nhau hoc ng hng 2 v hng 3 ni thnh
vng khp.
3.2.2 Li cao hng 4 gm cc im hng 4 ni vi nhau hoc ng hng 3 v hng 4 ni thnh
vng khp.
3.2.3 Li cao thu chun k thut gm cc im k thut ni vi nhau hoc ng hng 4 v k
thut ni thnh vng khp.
3.2.4 Li cao hng 3 lm c s xy dng li cao hng 4, li cao hng 4 lm c s xy
dng li thu chun k thut.
3.3 Li thu chun hng 3 xc nh cao cho cc i tng sau:
3.3.1 Cc im tim tuyn cng trnh u mi thuc cp 1, 2, 3;
3.3.2 Cc im khng ch cao dc theo knh v cc cng trnh trn knh c dc i 1/10.000 v
cc h thng sng, bin c chiu di 20 km;
3.3.3 Lm im gc ni cao cho cc cng trnh cp 4, 5.
3.4 Li thu chun hng 4 xc nh cao cho cc i tng sau:
3.4.1 Cc im tim tuyn cng trnh u mi thuc cp 4, 5;
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3.4.2 Cc im khng ch cao dc theo knh, cc cng trnh trn knh c dc
1/2000 i > 1/10.000 v cc h thng sng, bin c chiu di 20 km;
3.4.3 Cc im tim ng qun l, thi cng l ng nha hoc b tng;
3.4.4 Cc im khng ch mt bng t GT1, GT2, hng 4, cc im thu vn.
3.5 Li thu chun k thut xc nh cao cc im trm nghim triu, khng ch o v, cc im
trm my, ct dc cng trnh, tim knh c dc i > 1/2000, cc h khoan o, im l a cht...
3.6 Chiu di ng thu chun hng 3, 4, k thut khng c di qu quy nh Bng 1 ( di L
tnh bng kilmt).
Bng 1 - Quy nh chiu di ng thu chun hng 3, 4, k thut
Vng

Cp hng
ng bng

Min ni

Hng 3

Hng 4

K thut

Hng 3

Hng 4

K thut

Gia hai im gc

65-70

16-20

8-10

200

100

50

Gia im gc n im nt
Gia hai im nt

40-45
25-30

9-15
6-10

4-7
3-5

150
100

75
50

40
25

ng

trong
im gc ca li hng 3 l im hng 2;
im gc ca li hng 4 l im hng 3;
im gc ca li k thut l im hng 4;
im nt l im giao nhau t 3 ng thu chun cng hng to ra.
3.7 ng cao hng 3 c o i, o v khp gia cc im hng 2. Nu v iu kin ch c th ni
t 1 im hng 2 th phi o i, o v khp kn vi khong cch gia chng bng 2/3 khong cch
quy nh Bng 1. ng cao hng 4 c o 1 chiu gia 2 im hng 3. Nu ch c 1 im
hng 3 phi o i, o v khp kn.
3.8 Sai s khp ng hoc khp vng ca hng 3, hng 4 v k thut quy nh
3.8.1 Hng 3:
Vng ng bng :

fh 10 L

mm

Vng ni :

fh 12 L

mm

fh 20 L

mm

3.8.2 Hng 4:
Vng ng bng :

TCVN 8225 : 2009

fh 25 L

mm

Vng ng bng :

fh 50 L

mm

Vng ni :

fh 60 L

mm

Vng ni :
3.8.3 K thut:

trong
L

l di tuyn thu chun tnh bng kilmt;

3.8.4 Khi s trm my 25 trm trong 1 km i vi vng ni, phi tnh sai s khp qua s trm bng
cch chuyn i chiu di (km) v s trm my.
3.9 Mc thu chun
3.9.1 Ti u mi cc cng trnh cp 1, 2, 3 phi c 1 mc hng 3 dng lu di (xem Hnh D.1Ph lc D), c ghi tn n v thc hin, thi gian.
3.9.2 ng cao hng 3: trung bnh t 4 km n 5 km c 1 mc dng tm thi (xem Hnh D.2, D.4
- Ph lc D), c ghi tn n v thc hin, thi gian.
3.9.3 ng cao hng 4: trung bnh t 2 km n 3 km c 1 mc dng mc thng (xem hnh D.4,
D.6 - Ph lc D) ghi tn n v thc hin, thi gian. Khi c mc trn tng b tng, tng xy c
theo Hnh D.3.
3.9.4 Cc im ng thu chun k thut thng chung vi cc im khng ch ng chuyn
cp 2, li o v, cc trm my v.v...

4 Phng php thu chun hnh hc

4.1 Yu cu k thut o thu chun hng 3
4.1.1 My, mia, kim nh v hiu chnh
4.1.1.1 My thu chun: my thu chun dng o chnh cao thu chun hng 3 hin nay l cc my cn
bng t ng Ni025, K0Ni007, AT-G6, AS-2C v cc loi my c chnh xc tng ng, phi tho mn
nhng iu kin sau:
H s phng i ng ngm V > 24 ln;
Gi tr khong chia trn ng thu di cn bng my i 15''/2 mm. Nu l bt nc tip xc th
i 20''/2 mm;
Li ch thp phi c 3 dy: trn, gia, di.
4.1.1.2 Mia o: mia phi l mia c 2 mt en, , di 3 m (bng g hay nhm rt). Trn mi mt khc n
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TCVN 8225 : 2009

1 cm. Mt en v mi mia khc chnh nhau h s K 40 cm. Mt ca hai mia trong mt cp mia
chnh nhau 100mm.
Sai s ngu nhin dm v m ca cp mia khng vt qu 0,05mm.
Khi dng vng ni, cng trnh b tng, cng trnh c bit, c th o bng mia in-va, khi phi o
bng my K0Ni007, hoc my c b o cc nh tng ng.
4.1.1.3 Kim nh v hiu chnh:
- My mi xut xng, my sau khi sa cha hoc sau thi gian 3 thng o ngoi thc a cha kim
nh phi kim nh v hiu chnh ton din theo quy nh Ph lc A.
- My ang o ngoi thc a phi kim nh theo th t sau mi khi tin hnh (kim tra, hiu chnh
thng k), bao gm:
- Kim tra v hiu chnh bt thu trn;
- Kim tra b phn cn bng t ng;
- Kim tra gi tr gc i mi ngy 1 ln. Nu tun l u n nh th t 10 n 15 ngy mi kim tra 1 ln.
Bt u v kt thc tuyn o phi kim tra gc i. Mi ln di chuyn ni cng tc hoc b chn ng mnh
cng phi kim tra hiu chnh gc i;
- Trc v sau ma sn xut phi kim tra tr s di khc trn mia bng thc Gi-ne-v c
chnh xc 0,02 mm (Theo Ph lc A).
4.1.2 o chnh cao thu chun hng 3.
ng o chnh cao hng 3 phi o i, v, cng mt ng o, phi cng ngi o, my, mia v m
mia (cc mia).
o chnh cao qua dy ch gia vi my t cn bng. My c b o cc nh v mia in-va th o theo
phng php chp dc (trng vch).
Th t thao tc trn mt trm o nh sau:
- c s mt en (hoc thang chnh vi my c b o cc nh - gi tt l thang chnh) ca mia sau;
- c s mt en (thang chnh) ca mia trc;
- c s mt (thang ph) ca mia trc;
- c s mt (thang ph) ca mia sau.
4.1.3 Khi o ng thu chun i v v phi thay i v tr t my v thay i chiu cao gi 3 chn ti
trm o khc phc sai s ln. Phi b tr trm chn ln o i cng nh ln o v. Nu v iu
kin s trm my ca tuyn b l phi cng thm vo tr chnh cao on o s ci chnh chnh lch
im 0 ca cp mia.
4.1.4 Chiu di tia ngm t my n mia 60 m vi my c h s phng i 24 ln. Nu my c h
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s phng i 30 ln, c th ko di tia ngm t 75 m n 100 m. Khong cch t my n mia c th
o bng thc dy 50 m, 100 m hoc o qua dy ch trn di ca my. Khong cch chnh trong mt
trm 2 m. Tng chnh khong cch c tuyn 5 m.
o trong mt on, my khng c iu quang li (khng thay i tiu c ng ngm).
4.1.5 Chiu cao tia ngm cch chng ngi vt (mt t, chng ngi vt v.v...) 0,3 m. Khi o vng
ni, nu chiu di tia ngm 30 m, th khong cch chng ngi vt 0,2 m.
4.1.6 Khi o phi t m mia vo vng t chc chn. Nu vng t b ln, phi dng cc st hoc g
ng o.
Nu cc g th phi c kch thc 10 cm x 10 cm x 40 cm c ng inh st m trn.
4.1.7 Trong qu trnh o phi che cho my v chn thi gian o nh sau:
Ch o khi mt tri mc 30' v trc khi ln 30';
Tra nng, hnh nh rung ng phi ngh;
Khng c o khi gi cp 5 hoc sau trn ma ro t ngt.
4.1.8 Thng c ngh o khi o cao vo mc b tng. Trng hp khng thc hin c,
phi chn 2 im nh du sn chc chn hoc ng cc g 10 cm x 10 cm x 40 cm, c inh m trn
gi cao . Sau khi ngh phi kim tra li nu sai s 3 mm th ly tr trung bnh. Nu vt qu
phi o li tuyn.
4.1.9 Sai s khp tuyn o ngoi thc a tun theo tr s quy nh theo 4.8.1 cho thu chun hng 3.
4.1.10 Kt qu o c lp thnh bng tnh chnh cao khi lc ngoi thc a (xem Ph lc B).
Kt qu cui cng ca cc tuyn cao phi c bnh sai trn my vi tnh theo phng php gin
tip c iu kin (xem Ph lc C).
4.2 Yu cu k thut o thu chun hng 4
4.2.1 My, mia, kim nh v hiu chnh.
My thu chun o chnh cao hng 4 ging nh my o chnh cao thu chun hng 3. Nhng gi tr
khong chia trn ng thu di 25''/2 mm.
Mia dng o thu chun hng 4 ging nh o thu chun hng 3. Trng hp c bit c th dng mia
di 4 m mt mt s, nhng khng dng mia gp.
Sai s ngu nhin khong chia dm khng c vt qu 1 mm. Khi o phi dng m mia bng cc
st hoc cc g c inh m dng mia. Mia phi c kim nh bng thc Gi-ne-v hoc
r-b-sp vi chnh xc n 0,1 mm.
Kim nh, hiu chnh my mia nh trnh by Ph lc A.

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4.2.2 o chnh lch cao hng 4.
ng cao hng 4 dng ph hp, khp kn hoc im nt ch o theo 1 chiu. i vi cc ng
thu chun treo phi o i, v hoc o mt chiu theo 2 hng mia (2 chiu cao my).
o chnh cao hng 4 theo phng php dy gia. Thao tc o ti 1 trm my ging nh trm my
thu chun hng 3.
Chnh cao gia s c ch gia v tr s trung bnh t hai ch trn, di mt en 5mm trong 1 trm
o.
Hiu s chnh lch cao gia mt en v mt 0,5mm.
4.2.3 Chiu cao tia ngm phi cch chng ngi vt 0,2 m. Khi vng ni, do vng a hnh, a vt,
chiu di tia ngm 30 m, chiu cao tia ngm cch chng ngi vt 0,1 m.
4.2.4 Khong cch t my n mia trung bnh 100 m. Nu phng i ca my 30 ln, c th c
c n 150 m. S chnh lch chiu di n mia t trm my trong mt trm 5 m. Tng s chnh
chiu di ton tuyn 10 m.
4.2.5 Sai s khp tuyn hng 4 gia 2 im hng cao hoc khp kn :
Vng ng bng:

fh 20 L

mm

Vng ni:

fh 25 L

mm

;
.

trong
L

l chiu di tuyn thu chun, tnh bng kilmt.

Nu sai s vt hn sai phi o li ton tuyn.

4.2.6 Kt qu o tuyn thu chun hng 4 c thng k theo mu Ph lc B v phi c bnh sai
trn my vi tnh theo phng php gin tip c iu kin (xem Ph lc C).
4.3 o chnh cao qua vt chng ngi
4.3.1 Khi gp chng ngi trn tuyn o nh sng, h, vc su, m, ph v.v... nn li dng cc cng
trnh xy dng nh: Thu li, giao thng, thu in, cu, cng v.v... m bo vng chc, tin hnh o
theo quy nh sau:
Nu dng c xe c gii th o bnh thng;
Khi khng dng c xe c gii th phi o ln i, ln v ngay, ly kt qu trung bnh. Trong trng
hp ny phi gn mc tm thi hai b hai bn cu.
Nu khng o nh trn c, phi dng bi o qua chng ngi vt.
4.3.2 Khi sng rng di 100 m trn tuyn hng 3, di 150 m trn tuyn hng 4, vic o chnh cao
tin hnh nh trm my bnh thng.
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TCVN 8225 : 2009

4.3.3 Khi sng rng t 100 m n 300 m vi hng 3, t 150 m n 300 m vi hng 4, khng li dng
c cc cng trnh xy dng th tin hnh theo phng php sau:
4.3.3.1 Chn 2 bn b 2 v tr n nh, ng cc su 40 cm, ng knh cc 10 cm, trn nh c inh st
m trn. Cch cc khong 5 n 10 m chn 2 v tr t my sao cho I1P1 = I2P2, I1P2= I2P1 (xem Hnh 1)

I1

P1

Sng

I2

P2

Hnh 1 - S b tr tuyn o vt chng ngi

4.3.3.2 Ti trm my I1, ngm mia ti P1, c s mt en, theo dy gia. Sau ngm mia P2, c
mt en, 2 ln;
4.3.3.3 Chuyn my sang trm I2, tun t nh trn c mia ti P2 ri chuyn sang c mia ti P1.
Nn dng 2 my o ng thi ti trm I1, I2. Kt qu chnh cao P1, P2 c ly l tr trung bnh, khi sai
s gia hai tr o 10 L

mm

vi thu chun hng 3; 20 L

mm

vi thu chun hng 4, L l chiu

di cnh o tnh bng kilmt.

4.3.4 Khi sng rng t 300 m n 600 m, trn sng c bi bi ni, t chc (xem Hnh 2), c th tin
hnh nh sau:

I1

P1

I2
12

P2

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Hnh 2 - S b tr tuyn o vt chng ngi (qua sng c bi gia)
Nu bi bi gia sng, t c my th t mia hai im trn b, tin hnh 8 ln o theo phng
php thng thng vo bui sng 4 ln, bui chiu 4 ln. Gia hai ln o ca tng cp phi thay i
chiu cao my v th t ngm mia.
Nu bi bi khng t my c th phi ng cc K dng mia, cch b tr nh hnh 2 sao cho:
I1P1 = I2P2 c khong cch t 5 m n 10 m, I 1K = I2K (chnh di I1K v I2K khng qu 1/10). My t ti
I1, ngm mt en mia t P1 c s. Sau my I1 c sang mt en mia t K hai ln v my I 2
c mia mt K hai ln. Xoay mt ca mia K v I 1 v tin hnh c s 2 ln t I1, t I2 c s
mt en ti K hai ln. Sau quay my v mia gn, my I 1 c mt ti P1 , my I2 c mt en ti
P2. Cc bc trn gi l 1 ln o. Chuyn sang ln o th 2 cng nh vy i my t I1 sang I2. Phi
tin hnh o 4 ln nh vy. Chnh lch cao gia P1, P2 chnh l tng chnh cao gia P1 - K v
P2 - K.
4.3.5 Khi sng rng t 300 m n 600 m nhng khng c bi gia.
4.3.5.1 Phi dng my c b o cc nh nh K0Ni007 v bng ngm o theo phng php trng
hp, chp vch c mia xa 3 ln. o 2 ln.
Bng ngm phi c vch ngm mu trng rng 0,06 mm x S (S chiu rng tnh bng mt).
4.3.5.2 Khi sng rng trn 600 m trn tuyn hng 3 v 4, vic o cao qua sng quy nh ging nh
hng 2 quc gia.
4.3.5.3 Chnh cao gia o i v v phi 8 mm vi hng 3; 10 mm vi hng 4.
4.4 Yu cu k thut o thu chun k thut
4.4.1 Thu chun k thut o bng cc loi my, mia nh thu chun hng 4, vi phng i 2
ln.
4.4.2 Thu chun k thut xut pht v khp v t cc im hng 4. Tuyn thu chun k thut
thng xc nh cao cho cc im li khng ch o v, im trm my v bnh , cc im ct
dc cng trnh.
4.4.3 Th t o trong trm my nh sau (c qua dy gia):
- c mt en mia sau;
- c mt mia sau;
- c mt en mia trc;
- c mt mia trc.
Khi dng mia mt mt s, c theo th t:
- c s mia sau;

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TCVN 8225 : 2009

- c s mia trc;
- Thay chiu cao my 10 cm;
- c s mia trc;
- c s mia sau.
4.4.4 Chiu di ngm t my n mia trung bnh 120 m, di nht khng qu 200 m. Chnh khong
cch trong mt trm my 5 m, chnh khong cch ton tuyn 50 m.
Chnh cao ti mt trm tnh theo 2 mt mia khng qu 5 mm.
4.4.5 Sai s khp tuyn cao phi t.
fh 50 L

mm

trong
L

l chiu di tuyn o tnh bng killmt.

- Nu vng ni, 1 km ln hn 25 trm my, tnh sai s khp theo cng thc:
fh 10 N (mm).
trong
N

l s trm my.
fh 60 L

hoc

mm

trong
L

l chiu di tuyn o tnh bng kilmt

4.4.6 Tnh ton khi lc nh tuyn thu chun hng 4 v bnh sai qua my vi tnh theo phng php
gin tip c iu kin (xem Ph lc B, xem Ph lc C).
4.5 Mc thu chun hng 3, hng 4
Mc ng thu chun hng 3, 4 l mc thng. K hiu mc quy nh:
4.5.1 Hng 3 l 3Ri (i = 1 n);
4.5.2 Hng 4 l 4Ri (i = 1 n).
Hnh dng v kch thc mc xem Ph lc D

4.6 Sn phm giao np

4.6.1 Sn phm giao np li thu chun hng 3, hng 4 bao gm:
- S li, s mc;

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TCVN 8225 : 2009

- S hiu gc qua s o hoc card qua my t ng;
- Ti liu tnh khi lc;
- Ti liu bnh sai v kt qu cui cng.
4.6.2 Thnh qu li thu chun k thut nm trong cao li gii tch 1,2, ng chuyn cp 1,
cp 2, im o v v.v...

5 Phng php GPS

5.1 Phng php o: o GPS xc nh cao ch cho cc tuyn hng 4, thu chun k thut theo
phng php o tng i dng o tnh qua cc im t my c cao hng 2, hng 3 (xem Ph
lc G gii thiu my thu GPS).
5.2 Cc loi my thu: Phi s dng ng thi 3 my thu loi 1 tn s hoc 2 my thu loi 2 tn s.
5.2.1 Nu dng loi 1 tn s, my thu t 2 im c cao cho trc hng cao hn (o hng 3 th
phi t im hng 2, o hng 4 phi t im hng 3) mt my thu t im cn xc nh cao .
Nu o hng 4 c th ch cn mt im c cao cho trc.
Tin hnh cng thu tn hiu t 3 n 4 v tinh tr ln vi gc t 10o trong thi gian t 2 h n 3 h lin.
5.2.2 Nu dng loi 2 tn s, ch cn 2 trm my thu. Mt my t ti im c cao , my kia t
ti im cn xc nh cao . Mi quy nh v s v tinh, thi gian nh o my 1 tn.
5.3 Khong cch o v mt im trng lc: Khong cch o gia cc im t vi kilmt n
hng chc kilmt.
Khi mt im trng lc l 3 km x 3 km c 1 im, chnh xc cao t 0,1 m theo chiu di
20 km t yu cu xy dng li thu chun hng 4.
5.4 Quy trnh o ti trm my
6.4.1 t my thu v ng ten
a) Cn bng chn my bng bt thy trn. nh tm chn my bng b nh tm trng vi tm mc.
Sau lp anten ln chn my
b) Ni ng ten vi my thu qua cp chuyn dng (my thu c th t xa ng ten n 30 m trnh
nng, ma).
c) o cao ng ten
d) Dng ngun in t c quy ca my hoc ni my thu vi ngun in bng dy cp chuyn dng.
e) M in bng nt "ON" mt sau ca my thu.
5.4.2 Tin hnh thu tn hiu t v tinh

15

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Khi bt nt "ON", my t tin hnh kim tra ni b. Nu c trc trc, mn hnh hin th Code li v
ngng hot ng. Nu my tt, mn hnh hin th dng ch Ashtech v sau mt lt s chuyn sang
mn hnh s 0 (xem Ph lc G gii thiu my).
V nguyn tc, sau khi m, my t ng o, ghi theo th t:
a) Tm v thu bt cc v tinh c th quan st;
b) Thc hin cc php o GPS, tnh ra ta , cao ;
c) M tp v lu np tt c d kin o vo tp. Khi my ngng o, s t ghi tp v bo v s liu o
vo a ghi.
5.4.3 Ngi thao tc, khi vn hnh my phi theo cc bc sau:
a) mn hnh hin th s 0, nu hnh nh m, phi iu chnh tng phn cho r nh cc nm c
mi tn ch ln xung;
b) Chuyn sang mn hin th s 4 bng cch n nt "4". Khi o thng khng cn can thip m gi
nguyn tham s chun chp nhn trn v nn chuyn sang mn hin th s 9. Tuy nhin nu cn
th n vo nt "E" ri dng cc nm c mi tn a con tr n ch cn thay i tham s. Sau n
nt "E" ghi hoc dng nm "C" xo cc tr s mi thay i ca tham s.
Chuyn sang mn hin th s 9 bng cch n nm s "9".
- Nhp tn im o: Sau khi bm nt "E" mn hnh hin th cc dng ch:
To enter

Press

Ta n cc nm tng ng nhp tn im o, tn im ch c biu din ti a bng 4 ch ci.

- Nhp tn t o: v tr SESS cng c th my tnh t ghi t o.
- Nhp s hiu my thu RCV #: 3 ch s.
- Nhp s hiu ng ten ANT #: 3 ch s.
Hai s liu ny ly trong 3 s cui ca s m my trong l lch ca my. Vic ny c th thc hin khi
nhp d kin o vo my tnh.
Cc tham s khc trn mn hnh khng cn sa i.
Cui cng n nt "E" ghi vo b nh hoc nt "C" xo d kin va nhp.
Nhn vo v tr CNT nu thy c s 99 l o xong.
5.5 X l kt qu o
X l s liu o GPS u theo cc phn mm chuyn dng ca cc hng sn xut my. X l theo th
t sau:
16

TCVN 8225 : 2009

- Nhp s liu t my thu sang my tnh.
- X l cp im tnh ra hiu ta, cao gia chng.
- Bnh sai mng li nhiu cp im o theo phn mm GP Survey 2.35 hoc Trimble Geomatic
office,...
Ph lc G: gii thiu my thu v h thng x l GPS.
5.6 Quy nh chn v tr o GPS
Nhn chung, cc im o GPS c th t d dng, khng ph thuc vo vng khut a hnh, a
vt. Nhng nn trnh nhng v tr sau:
a) Nhng v tr vng c phn x ln nh im gn mt nc, vng i trc, vng c khong sn,
hm lng mui cao;
b) Nhng v tr c phn x nhiu chiu nh thung lng nhiu vch , ng ph c nhiu nh cao
tng v.v..;
c) C ngun pht in t mnh nh gn trm ra a, ng in cao th v.v..;
d) Gc nhn ln bu tri xung quanh u 150.
5.7 Sn phm giao np
Sn phm giao np kt qu o GPS gm:
a ghi d liu o qua my thu;
Kt qu x l, bnh sai tp o;
S ha tuyn, mc li GPS.

6 Phng php thu chun lng gic chnh xc cao

6.1 Phng php thu chun lng gic chnh xc cao ch c p dng xc nh cao cc
im trong tuyn thu chun hng 4, k thut ti nhng a hnh min ni dc ng ( 25o) m
phng php thu chun hnh hc rt kh thc hin c.
6.2 My o: Phng php thy chun lng gic chnh xc cao c gi tt l phng php
lng gic chnh xc cao c s dng qua cc my ton c in t (Total Station) c chnh xc
cao ( 3'', S/S 1/100.000) (xem Ph lc H).
6.3 Th t tin hnh o thu chun lng gic hng 4
Th t o ti trm my nh sau:
a) Cn bng my qua ng thu di c chnh xc 15''/2 mm;
17

TCVN 8225 : 2009

b) Di tm mc qua b chiu tm quang hc vi tin cy 0,1 mm;
c) o chiu cao my qua thc o t ng c trong my vi tin cy n 1 mm. Nhng my
khng c loi thc o t ng, s dng nguyn l o chnh cao qua 2 trm khng phi o chiu
cao my;
d) o gc nghing theo hai chiu thun nghch vi s ln c 3 ln qua 3 dy ch, m bo gc tnh
t 3 dy ch lch nhau 3''. Tr s gc nghing theo hai chiu thun, nghch sai khc nhau 5''
khi c ly gc l tr trung bnh;
e) o khong cch theo hai chiu thun, nghch mi chiu dc 3 ln. Sai s tng i gia hai ln
thun nghch phi m bo:
- s/s 1/10.000 vi S = 100 m;
- s/s 1/20.000 vi S = 200 m;
- s/s 1/50.000 vi S = 500 m.
di gii hn o thu chun lng gic hng 4 l 500 m.
6.4 Th t tin hnh trm o thu chun lng gic k thut
Th t tin hnh nh o thu chun hng 4 vi chnh xc quy nh nh sau:
a) o gc nghing theo hai chiu thun, nghch qua 1 dy ch gia vi sai s gc 5'' gia 3 ln
o 1 chiu v 10'' khi o thun, nghch. Tr gc nghing l tr trung bnh.
b) o cnh theo hai chiu thun, nghch. Mi chiu c 3 ln vi sai s gia o thun, o phi t:
- s/s 1/5.000 khi di 100 m ;
- s/s 1/10.000 khi di 250 m ;
- s/s 1/20.000 khi di 500 m ;
- s/s 1/40.000 khi di 1000 m .
di xa nht o thu chun lng gic k thut l 1000 m.
6.5 Gng o: Gng t ti im o cao trnh lng gic thng l gng n, kp, chm c
gi 3 chn c cn bng qua bt thu. Chiu cao gng c xc nh vi chnh xc 0,1 mm.
6.6 S o thc a: Theo mu Ph lc I.
6.7

Phng php bnh sai: Kt qu tuyn thu chun hng 4, k thut c bnh sai theo

phng php gin tip c iu kin nh tuyn thu chun hnh hc. Ly trng s theo cng thc t
l nghch vi bnh phng cnh (xem Ph lc C).
C
Pi
18

TCVN 8225 : 2009

S i2
trong
Si

l khong cch t my n im o;

l hng s tu chn.

6.8 Sn phm giao np

Sn phm giao np gm:
- S tuyn thu chun;
- S o (in t hoc ghi tay) ngoi thc a;
- Kt qu tnh ton bnh sai;
- S ha cc mc cao .

19

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc A
(quy nh)
Kim tra v hiu chnh cc b phn ca my thu chun
A.1 Kim tra s b cc b phn
Khi tin hnh o tuyn cao phi kim tra s b cc b phn sau:
a) r rng v sch s ca ng knh ngm, knh hin vi nhn bn ;
b) r nt ca li ch, trn v quay u ca cc c hm;
c) Chn my, mia phi chc chn, ng b;
d) Xem xt v iu chnh 3 c chn cn my r rng;
e) Kim tra trn v quay vng trn trc quay ca ng knh my;
f) Kim tra v hiu chnh bt thu trn qua 3 c cn bng. Trong cc my t ng, v chnh xc cn
bng t ng ca con lc hoc con quay ph thuc vo chnh xc ca vic cn bng bt thu
trn nn phi kim tra v hiu chnh rt cn thn bc ny.

A.2 Kim tra v hiu chnh li ch

A.2.1 Ch ng ca li ch phi trng vi phng ng dy di. Cch kim tra v hiu chnh
nh sau:

a)Chn ni khut gi hoc trong phng kn, treo qu di bng dy ch. cho dy ch thng ng v
yn tnh, cn t qu di vo chu nc. Cch dy ch khong 20 m n 25 m, t my thu chun.
Sau khi cn bng my, cho u dy ch trn my trng vi ng dy di, nhn qua ng knh xem
dy ch my trng vi dy di cha. Nu u kia ca dy ch lch khi 0,5 mm th phi chnh
nh sau:
b) Vn lng cc c iu chnh li ch trn my (c tri, phi ca li ch), nh nhng xoay li ch sao
cho trng kht vi ng dy di. Sau xit cht c li;
c) Tip tc kim tra 2, 3 ln hiu chnh hon ton dy ch ng trng vi dy di.
A.2.2 Khi dy ch ng trng theo phng dy di th dy ch ngang l nm ngang song song vi mt
thu chun ca tri t (v my cu to dy ch ngang vung gc vi dy ch ng c khc trong
tm knh khng co gin).

A.3 Kim tra v hiu chnh gc i

Gc i l gc to bi hnh chiu ln mt phng thng ng gia trc ng thu di v trc ng ngm. V
l thuyt cc my thu chun hnh hc c cu to l i = 0. Nhng thc t, gc i lun tn ti. Do vy

20

TCVN 8225 : 2009

phi kim tra v hiu chnh gi tr ca chng nm trong hn sai cho php o cao cc cp. Vi
li thu chun hng 3, 4 gc i 20''.
Qu trnh kim tra v hiu chnh nh sau:
a) Kim tra
Chn bi kim tra tng i bng phng. ng hai cc A,B cch nhau t 40 m n 50 m. ng cc c
inh m trn dng mia. gia AB t trm my I1 v ko di AB mt on bng 1/10AB t my I2
(I2A=1/10AB ), (xem Hnh A.1).
Ln lt t my ti I1, I2. Dng phng php chp vch c s a1, b1, a2, b2 trn mia A,B.

S' '
D

Gc i tnh theo cng thc: i =

h
trong
h = (b1-a1) + (a2-b2);
S'' = 206265;
D = 40 m 50 m.
Nu i > 20'' phi tin hnh hiu chnh.
b) Hiu chnh
Tnh s c mia xa (B) b2' = b2 + 1,1 h

a2

b2
b'2

b2

b1

I1

I2

Hnh A.1 - S b tr kim tra v hiu chnh my

My ang t ti I2, dng vi ng a ng ch ngang v s c b 2' trn mia dng B, khi bt

nc thu di lch, ta chnh c cn bng bt thu cho v gia. Nu my t ng nh Ni025, K0Ni007
21

TCVN 8225 : 2009

v.v... vic hiu chnh phi s dng hai c trn, di ca thp t tuyn sao cho dy ch ngang ch ng
tr s b2' trn mia B. Phi kim tra v hiu chnh hai, ba ln cho n khi t yu cu.

A.4 Xc nh gi tr vch chia trn ng thu di

Vi cc my thu chun chnh xc c ng thu di cn bng ng knh nh Ni030, Ni004 v.v... phi
xc nh gi tr vch chia ng thu di.
Cch lm nh sau:
a) Chn bi phng di t 50 m n 60 m. di o chnh xc n 0,1 m. Dng mia c bt thu trn
cn bng mt u. t my sao cho hai c cn theo phng php vung gc vi phng t my
n mia, ngha l c cn th 3 nm trng phng t my n mia. Sau khi cn bng my, vn c
cn th 3 cho bt thu chy v 1 u ng. c s hai u bt nc v trn mia theo dy gia.
Chuyn bt nc sang u bn kia v cng c nh vy (c th dng vt nghing vn cho bt
nc lch v 2 u thay cho c cn 3);
b) Gi tr khong vch chia trn ng thu di (n 0,1'') tnh theo cng thc:
''=

206 l
.D

trong
l

l hiu s c trn mia tnh n milimt;

l s khong chia ca bt nc di ng;

l khong cch t my n mia, tnh bng mt.

c) Gi tr '' c xc nh 2 n 3 ln trn cc khong cch khc nhau vo bui tri lng gi hoc
trong phng kim nghim;
d) Cc gi tr khong chia '' c ghi vo l lch ca my. Nu khong chia bt thu khng t yu cu
(hng 4: '' > 25'', hng 3: '' > 20'') th phi thay i ng thu di chnh xc hn.

A.5 Kim nghim s hot ng ca b o cc nh (vi sai) v xc nh khong chia ca n

Khi s dng my K0Ni007 hoc cc my tng ng c b o cc nh, o thu chun hng 3,
phi tin hnh kim nghim v xc nh khong chia.
S dng thc kp theo mia c vch khc n 1 mm khong cch gia cc trc vch du k nhau t
4 cm n 5 cm. Thc di khong 20 cm, c th di chuyn dc theo mia. chnh xc cc khong
chia ca thc phi t chnh xc 0,05 mm v phi kim tra trc khi kim nghim bng thc
Gi ne v.
Chn mt bi kim nghim c chiu di t 50 m n 70 m, ng 3 cc (vi hng 4 c th s dng a
vt c nh nh du sn nh im trn b tng, mm v.v...).
Qu trnh kim nghim nh sau:
22

TCVN 8225 : 2009

a) t ln lt mia c kp thc qua cc v tr cch 30, 50, 70 m ri quay li 30 m - gi l lt o i.

Sau o li o t 70, 50, 30 m v quay li 70 m gi l o v. Sau khi cn bng my (1 ln trong 1 chiu
o), c tr s trn mia c kp thc mm v c tr s trn b o cc nh. Nu kh hu phc tp, nhit
thay i, phi o nhit , lc bt u v kt thc.

b) Theo khu cng trnh m chn nhit trung bnh thng xy ra xc nh khong chia, xc nh
n nh ca b o cc nh. Thng chn 3 thi gian khc nhau khi c nhit thay i nht trong
ngy (24 h) chn khong o c s n nh tr c trn b o cc nh.

A.6 Kim nghim chnh xc trc ngm khi iu chnh tiu c

A.6.1 Kim nghim chc chn ca thu knh tiu c.
Chn v tr A bng phng, ng 3 cc c nh chn my. ng thng t A theo hng bng phng
chn 6 cc, mi cc cch nhau 10 m. Mi cc u phi ng inh c m dng mia (xem Hnh A.2).
Phng php o:
a) t my ti A vi 3 chn gi nh v trn 3 cc, cn bng my, ngm v mia ln lt t ti cc cc
(xem Hnh A.2).
b) Vn vt nghing cho bt nc tht trng hp.

b20m
a20mm
c

10 m

4
5

Hnh A.2 - S kim nghim chnh xc trc ngm khi iu chnh tiu c.
Gi nguyn v tr vt nghing. Dng 1 mia t ln lt tt c cc cc 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Mi ln ngm mia
phi iu chnh tiu c tht r. Dng b o cc nh kp vch (hoc ch gia) c s c trn mia, k
hiu l a.
c) Dng vt nghing nng s c cc 6 ln khong 20 mm, ri ln lt c cc tr s nh mc b trn
qua cc v tr cc, k hiu l b.
d) Dng vt nghing h s c ti cc 6 xung 20 mm so vi v tr nm ngang v thao tc nh mc c,
k hiu l c.
Nu thu knh khng b lc l, rung ng th hiu s gia cc v tr trn mia khi t trng hp c,d
vi tr xc sut (trng hp b) phi bng khng. Nu sai lch 1,5 mm i vi hng 3, 4 coi l c.
Trng hp ln hn phi a v ni sn xut hoc sa cha lp rp hiu chnh li.
23

TCVN 8225 : 2009

A.6.2 Kim nghim di ng song song vi trc ngm ca thu knh iu chnh tiu c
A.6.2.1 Chn bi
Ti bi t bng phng, chn v tr A, ng 3 cc t chn my. Ly A lm tm, v mt vng trn bn
knh 50 m. Trn cung trn ng 8 cc g trn c inh m dng mia. Ti im O cng ng 3 cc
t chn my, khong cch cc cc t 0, 1, 2, ...,7 l 10, 20, 30, 40, ..., 70 m (o chnh xc qua thc
thp khc n milimt) (xem Hnh A.3)

1
2
3

R=50
m

4
5
6

A
Hnh A.3 - S b tr kim nghim di ng
A.6.2 Phng php o
a) t my ti A, iu chnh tiu c tht r sau khi cn bng my. Sau tin hnh o tr s ca mia
t theo th t 0, 1, 2, ...,7 qua ch gia v b o cc nh, o t 7, 6, v.v... v 0 nh trn. Hai lt o
nh vy gi l 1 ln. Phi tin hnh o 4 ln nh vy vi hai iu kin:
- Trong 1 ln o khng thay i tiu c;
- Phi thay i chiu cao my trong cc ln o qua gi 3 chn.
b) Chuyn my n im 0. Trnh t thao tc ging trm A qua cc v tr ca mia 1, 2, ...,7.
Gi tr chnh gia cc ln o gi l V 1 mm vi hng 3,4 l c. Nu vt hn th khng c
dng khi o qua sng (Lu : phi hiu chnh gc i trc khi lm bc ny).

24

TCVN 8225 : 2009

A.7 Xc nh h s khong cch v s khng i xng ca li ch
A.7.1 H s khong cch: hu ht cc my o thu chun hng 3, 4 hin nay l dng loi khng c
b o cc nh. Phng php xc nh h s khong cch nh sau:
Chn bi bng phng, ly khong cch t my n mia 75 m n 100 m. Sau khi cn bng my, tin
hnh c tr s trn mt en mia qua dy ch trn di, tr s gi l l (l = di - trn khi my nh ngc,
l = trn - di khi my nh thun).
c tr s l qua 3 ln, mi ln thay i chiu cao my, khong cch gia my v mia c xc nh
qua thc thp vi sai s D/D 1/500.
H s khong cch c tnh qua cng thc:
D
K=
l
trong
D

l chiu di tuyn o bng thc thp vi sai s mD/D 1/500.

Nu my c b o cc nh nh K0NI007, xc nh h s K theo quy phm xy dng li nh nc

hng 1, 2, 3 v 4 ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 112/KT ngy 15/5/1989 Cc o c Bn Nh nc
nay l Tng cc a chnh.
A.7.2 S khng i xng ca li ch
Trn bi kim nghim nh mc A.7.1. ta c 3 ln tr s c dy trn, gia, di. T tnh ton c ly
trung bnh t 3 tr trn.
Tnh s i xng theo cng thc.
a = (gia - trn) - (di - gia) 1,4 mm
Nu vt qu 1,4 mm phi thay i li ch khc ti xng ch to.

A.8 Kim nghim xc nh cc thng s ca mia

A.8.1 Xc nh chiu di trung bnh 1 m trn mia
t mia v thc Gi-ne-v trong cng mt phng vi nhit 20oC, m 60 %.
t mia song song vi thc Gi-ne-v, kp st khong cch t 1 n 10, 10 n 20, 20 n 29 dm
vi mia g. hai u mi on, c tr s 2 ln. Khi chuyn ln c phi dch thc i mt cht. c
s trn thc Gi-ne-v n 0,1 ca vch chia (mi vch chia 0,02 mm). Chnh lch gia hai hiu s
ca hai ln c trn thc Gi-ne-v i vi khong cch 1 m ca mia 0,06 mm. Nu vt qu th
phi x dch thc v c li 2 ln nh trn. Nu 3 ln lin k t yu cu mi ly tr s l gi tr thc
ca 1 m trn mia. Tr s ca khong cch trn mia o i, o v khc nhau 0,1 mm c php ly tr
trung bnh.
25

TCVN 8225 : 2009

A.8.2 Kim nghim mt y ca mia c trng vi vch s 0 khng
Vch "0" mt en ca mia g hoc vch "0" ca thang chnh trn mia in - va phi trng vi mt y
ca mia.
Cch kim nghim : Dn vo y mia li dao co, s dng thc Gi-ne-v o t li dao co
ln vch chia trn mia. S trng hp hoc khc bit gia tr o qua thc vi tr trn mia cho ta xc
nh c " khng trng hp im 0" ca mia.
A.8.3 Kim nghim mt y mia c vung gc vi tr ng ca mia khng
Ly 3 cc st hoc 3 cc g c m inh, ng trn cng mt khong cch my t 20 m n 30 m.
Chnh cao gia cc nh cc phi t 10 cm n 20 cm.
c my n mia qua 2 ln o theo cc v tr ca mia nh sau:
- Trung tm mia (1);
- Ra sau gia mia (2);

.4
.3

.5
.1
.2

.6
.7

- Ra sau tri mia (3);

- Ra trc tri mia (4);
- Ra trc gia mia (5);
- Ra trc phi mia (6);
- Ra sau phi mia (7).
Mi ln c mia qua dy gia phi gi nguyn v tr ng knh.
Vi tr s 3 cc, ta c 21 tr s qua 7 v tr ca mt y mia. Nu cc tr s chnh nhau u nh hn
0,1 mm, chng t mt y mia vung gc vi trc ng ca mia. Nu vt qu 0,1 mm th khi o thu
chun hng 3, 4 phi lun t gia mia trn im o.
A.8.4 Xc nh hng s K gia mt en, ca cp mia

a) ng 3 cc st hoc g c m inh theo hng ngang cch my t 20 m n 30 m. chnh cao

gia cc cc t 10 cm n 20 cm. i vi mia g, ch cn ng 1 cc v o 4 ln.
b) Th t o mi ln nh sau: Cn my tht chnh xc v gi nguyn trong 1 ln o, dng mia th
nht ln lt qua cc v tr ca cc, c tr s dy gia qua mt en, . Tip tc vi mia th 2 cng
nh trn.
c) Thay i chiu cao my c tip ln 2,3,4, tng t nh ln 1 vi 2 mia.

d) Hiu s gia s c mt en, mt chnh l K. Lp thnh bng tr s K qua 4 ln c qua cp mia

(mia 1, mia 2). Sau ly tr trung bnh lm tr o thc t (thng thng vi mia g K = 4473, 4573, vi
mia in - va K = 60).
A.8.5 Xc nh vng ca mia
Mt khc s ca mia phi l mt phng. Kim nghim vng f qua dy ch cng t u mia v cui mia.
Sau dng thc thp chnh xc n mm o cc khong cch a i (a1, a2, a3) t u ny, qua gia v
26

TCVN 8225 : 2009

n u kia.
vng tnh theo cng thc :

f = a2

a1 + a2
2

Nu f > 8 mm vi 1 mia g, f > 4 mm mia in-va th phi i ly mia khc. Nu khng c mia i th phi
tnh s ci chnh mia theo cng thc:

8 .f 2
f =
3l
trong
f

l s ci chnh chiu di mia, tnh bng milimt;

l vng ca mia, tnh bng milimt;

l hiu di mia, tnh bng mt.

27

TCVN 8225 : 2009

A.9 Mt s my thu chun (tham kho)
A.9.1 Mt s my thu chun o hng 3, 4 ca c
k0ni007

ni030

NI 025

c tnh k thut
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

28

Cc thng s k thut
phng i ng ngm (ln)
ng knh ng knh vt (mm)
Khong cch nhn gn nht (m)
Hnh nh
chnh xc ngm hnh nt
chnh xc khong chia ng thu
Sai s trng phng (mm/1km)

Ni007
31,5
40
2,2
Ngc
0,5
8/2 mm
0,7

Ni025
20
35
2,0
Thun
0,5 1
25/2 mm
0,8 2

Ni030
25
35
1,8
Thun
0,5 1
30/2 mm
0,8 2

Ghi ch
*ni007 c b o
cc nh
*ni025 cn bng t
ng
*ni030 cn bng
qua bt thu di

TCVN 8225 : 2009

A.9.2 Mt s my thu chun ca Nht

Sai s 1.0mm/ 1km

Sai s 1.5mm/ 1km

B20 Automatic level

B21 Automatic level

A.9.3 Mt s loi Mia

Mia thng s: mt en
c qua dy ch gia

Mia c bng chnh, ph c

qua b o cc nh

29

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc B
(quy nh)
S o v bng tnh chnh lch cao khi lc
B.1 S o tuyn thu chun hng 3, 4
Mu : B.1
n v thc hin

Cng trnh : .......Tnh : .....M lu tr : .....Trang: ......

S ghi tnh thu chun hng 3, 4

Hng mc(vng) : ...... ......... My o : .....................

n v thc hin : T : ............ XNKS.. .....................
Thi gian o : Bt u : ...............Kt thc : ...............
Ngi o : ......Ngi tnh : ......Ngi kim tra : ........

S
trm
o

Mia
sau

Ch D
Ch T

Mia
trc

Ch D
Ch T

S c trn mia
K
hiu
mia

Mt en

Mt

K+
en

6
(8)7369

7
(10)-1

(7)4825

(9)-1

(12) +
2544

(13) 0

1227

5701

-1

1153

5726

S-T

0074

-0025

-1

Khong cch
sau

Khong cch
trc

Chnh d

[d]

2
(1) 2975

3
(4) 0529

4
S

(2) 2616

(5) 0172

(15) 359

(16) 357

S-T

(17) + 02
1517

(18) + 02
1442

0936

0865

581

577

+ 04

+ 06

(3)2795
(6)0351
(11) +
2444

3
4
5
6
7

30

Chnh
cao
trung
bnh

(14) +
2444

+00745

Ghi ch

9
S mia sau
37

TCVN 8225 : 2009

B.2 Bng tnh chnh lch cao khi lc hng 3, 4
o t ................ n ................ S trang ................
Bt u lc ............. Ngy .... thng .... nm ............
Kt thc lc ................ Ngi o .............................
Hnh nh ..................... Ngi ghi ............................
Thi tit ...................... Ngi kim tra ....................

Tnh
ton
on
o

Loi
mc
s
hiu

V tr
im
(khong
cch v
hng
n cc
vt)

Gia
cc
mc

n
im
u

Khong
cch (km)

Ngy
thng
nm
o

S
trm
o

o i

o i

o v
6

o v
7

Khong
chnh lch
cao + hiu
chnh mia
h i
+ min

h v
+ min

Hiu
chnh
lch
cao
(mm)

Chnh
lch
cao
trung
bnh

cao
khi
lc
(m)

10

11

12

CH THCH: min - khi trm o l

31

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc C
(tham kho)
X l v bnh sai li cao thu chun hnh hc
C.1 S chung h thng phn mm bnh sai khng ch cao
H thng bnh sai li cao theo phng php
gin tip c iu kin

Modul
son tho
v lu tr
s liu

Modul
tnh khi
lc kim
tra sai s
th

Giao din
hin th
s
li cc
iu kin
hnh hc
v kt
qu kim
tra sai s
th

Modul
nn ma
trn

Modul
bnh sai
nh gi
chnh
xc

Ngn
hng lu
tr s liu
v kt
qu bnh
sai

C.2 V d kt qu bnh sai li cao hng 4 theo phng php gin tip c iu kin
ca chng trnh BS - HEC 1-1998. Ti khu vc H Xun Hng - Thnh ph Lt
(Tham kho)

32

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Thnh qu tnh ton bnh sai thu chun hng 4
Cc ch tiu ca li
1. Tng s im:

30

2. S im gc:

3. S lng mi lp:

28

4. S lng tr o:

30
S lng khi tnh
STT
1
2

Tn im
LA.II.III.5
LA.II.III.3

cao
1479.924
1531.393

Tuyn:
LA_II.5_XH24_XH23_XH22_XH21_XH19_XH18_XH17_R1_XH16_XH15_XH14_R2_X
- S on o

15

- Chiu di tuyn o

[S]

2.555 (km)

- Sai s khp

Wh

-15.0 (mm)

- Sai s khp gii hn

Wh (gh)

32.0 (mm)

Bng C.1 - Kt qu cao bnh sai

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

K hiu im
XH24
XH23
XH22
XH21
XH20
XH19
XH18
XH17
R1
XH16
XH15
XH14
R2
XH13
XH12
XH11
XH10
XH9
XH8
XH7
R3
XH6
XH5
XH4
XH3
XH2
XH1
XH26

cao
1479.167
1478.913
1478.926
1478.990
1478.980
1497.465
1479.382
1479.526
1480.615
1479.628
1481.302
1480.563
1480.936
1479.142
1478.747
1478.795
1479.340
1479.047
1481.585
1482.363
1479.555
1479.432
1479.359
1479.265
1478.985
1479.150
1479.302
1479.202

S.S.T.P
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.008
.007
.007
.007
.006
.006
.005
.004
.003
.003
.004
.005
.006
.007
.007
.007
.007
.007
.007
.007
.008
.008
.008

33

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Bng C.2 - Tr o v cc i lng bnh sai
STT

Tn on o

Chnh cao o

Chiu di L

(m)

(m)

T-n
LA-II.5_XH24

S H.C

Chnh cao

-.764

1.25

V (m)
.007

XH24_XH23

-.255

.15

.001

-.254

XH23_XH22

.012

.08

.000

.012

XH22_XH21

.064

.11

.001

.065

XH21_XH20

-.011

.12

.001

-.010

XH20_XH19

.485

.05

.000

.485

XH19_XH18

-.084

.16

.001

-.083

XH18_XH17

.143

.10

.001

.144

XH17_R1

1.089

.05

.000

1.089

10

R1_XH16

-.987

.04

.000

-.987

11

XH16_XH15

1.673

.11

.001

1.674

12

XH15_XH14

-.740

.12

.001

-.739

13

XH14_R2

.373

.04

.000

.373

14

R2_XH13

-1.794

.07

.000

-1.794

15

XH13_XH12

-.058

.11

.001

-.507

16

XH12_XH11

.111

.09

.001

.112

17

XH11_XH10

.047

.11

.001

.048

18

XH10_XH9

.545

.12

.001

.546

19

XH9_XH8

-.267

.11

.001

-.266

20

XH8_XH7

2.510

.11

.001

2.511

21

XH7_R3

.778

.02

.000

.778

22

R3_XH6

-2.809

.06

.000

-2.809

23

XH6_XH5

-.123

.06

.000

-.123

24

XH5_XH4

-.074

.05

.000

-.074

25

XH4_XH3

-.094

.06

.000

-.094

26

XH3_XH2

-.280

.03

.000

-.280

27

XH2_XH1

.165

.03

.000

.165

28

XH1_XH26

.151

.08

.001

.152

29

XH26_XH25

-.083

.13

.001

-.082

30

XH25_LA-II.3

52.164

1.18

.009

52.173

Sai s n v trng s Mh = .010 m

34

B/s (m)
-.757

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc D
(quy nh)
Mc thy chun hng 3,4

Hnh D.1 Mc hng 3 vng t chc Nm s ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng

Hnh D.2 Mc hng 3 chn na chm,

na ni dng tm thi Nm gang

Hnh D.3 Mc gn trn b tng, nh xy....

35

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Hnh D.4 Mc hng 3 vng t Nm s ca B Ti Nguyn v Mi trng

Hnh D.5 Mc hng 4 dng vng t chc

chn Nm gang

36

Hnh D.6 Mc hng 4 vng t yu Nm

gang

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc E
(tham kho)
S ha mc thy chun
TT

Tn mc

4R1

a ch mc

S ha mc

Mc b tng ngay tr n
gia bng binh ng ba
Nguyn Thi Hc, Nguyn
T Lc v B Huyn Thanh
Quan, Lt

4R2

Mc b tng ngay tr in
trc qun Xun Hng
Qun s 24 B Huyn
Thanh Quan, Lt

4R3

Mc b tng ngay tr in
trc cng khch sn Long
Nga s 2 ng Yersin,
Lt

4R4

Mc b tng ngay tr in
trc hiu nh Konica s 1
ng Nguyn Th Minh
Khai, Lt

37

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc G
(tham kho)
My thu v h thng x l GPS
G.1 My thu
Hin nay, nc ta nhp kh nhiu my thu GPS ca cc nc nh: M, Php, Nht v.v...
Nhn chung cc loi my u c cu to ging nhau v c bn. Phn ring bit thuc v chi tit ca
tng loi theo nhu cu s dng. Di y gii thiu cc b phn chung ca my thu GPS .
Cu to ca my thu
B my thu c 3 b phn c bn: ng ten, ngun in, my thu.
- ng ten b thu di cc hp, c hp nha chng m t bo v, c t trn a c chnh xc lm
bng kim loi. Pha di c b tiu khuych i m bo cho tn hiu mnh truyn vi my thu
qua cp ni di n 30 m, trn a c 8 l hnh chn ch dng lun thc chuyn dng v o
cao ng ten khi n c nh tm trn gi ba chn ti im o.
- Ngun in l mt cp acquy. Mi chic m bo in th t 10 V n 30 V. Chic th hai c lp
tip khi in th ca chic kia b tt xung di 10 V m bo cho my thu lm vic lin tc trong
thi gian o. Cng c th lp c hai vo my thu cng mt ln.
- My thu c mn hnh thy tinh th mt trc vi 8 hng hin th. Mi hng 40 k t thng bo tin
tc hng dn s dng my theo cch i thoi Ngi - My. Pha di mn hnh c hai nm ch
chiu chuyn ng phi, tri v mt nm c ch C dng xa d kin ang nhp. Bn di mn
hnh c hai nm ch chiu chuyn ng ln xung v mt nm c ch E dng nhp d liu v
chuyn v mn hnh hin th chnh (tng t nh nm ENTER ca my vi tnh). Mt sau ca my thu
c hai cng ni ngun in vo, c nm tt, bt my c cng nhp tn hiu pht t my chp nh (khi
dng phi hp my thu GPS v my chp nh hng khng xc nh to khng gian tm chiu
nh).
Cng ni ng ten v hai cng loi RS - 2322 truyn d liu thu c t my thu sang my tnh,
cng nh dng trao i cc tn hiu truyn thng khc vi my thu.
Mn hnh ca my thu c 13 mn hin th chnh, trong c 6 mn hin th dng iu khin, cn 7
mn hnh dng thng bo tin tc. Sau y gii thiu chc nng ca cc mn hnh hin th chnh:
- Mn hin th s 0:
Thng tin v tnh hnh thu, bt v tinh trn bu tri. N cho bit v tinh bt c v cc knh thu
tng ng, cht lng ca cc tn hiu thu c.
- Mn hin th s 1:

38

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Thng tin v qu o v tinh, cho bit phng v v cao ca v tinh so vi mt phng chn tri ca
im quan st. Tnh trng hot ng ca v tinh, t s gia cng tn hiu v nhiu, chnh
xc ca khong cch o c gia v tinh v my thu.
- Mn hin th s 2:
Cho bit v, kinh ca im quan st n , pht ti 4 s l, cao n m, tc chuyn ng
so vi mt t. Thi gian v khong cch ti im cn n, lch so vi hng ni im xut pht
v im cn n.
- Mn hin th s 3:
Thng tin v tnh hnh thu d liu. N cho bit s v tinh ang c quan st, khong thi gian m tn
hiu v tinh thu hay b gin on.
- Mn hin th s 4:
iu hnh ch hot ng ca my thu: o phm vi pht sng, t chng trnh o, s dng tn s
ngoi vi.
- Mn hin th s 5:
iu hnh ch o vi phn thi gian thc.
- Mn hin th s 6:
iu hnh i theo cc im cho trc. C th lu np vo b nh ca my thu 99 im cho trc trn
tuyn i.
- Mn hin th s 7:
Chn v tinh: N cho php chn cc v tinh m ta mun s dng. Theo ch t ng th my thu t
chn v thng bo v tinh no c chn thu bt. Nu chn nhng khng thu bt c th
my thu s chn v tinh khc thay th. Nu theo ch n nt th ngi o n nt ch ng nh du
cc v tinh cn thu bt s dng.
- Mn hin th s 8:
iu hnh h thng, n tip nhn mt s lnh iu hnh h thng, ng thi hin th danh mc cc tp
d kin, nn trong b nh ca my c cc lnh x l tp nh sau: lp tp, m tp, xa tp.
- Mn hin th s 9:
iu hnh thng tin v im t my v t o (Session).
- Mn hin th s 10:
Thng tin ton cnh v v tinh trn bu tri. N cho bit ton cnh phn b hin thi ca cc v tinh
trn bu tri ca im t my cng nh vt qu o ca chng trn s hnh chiu cc. S gm
3 vng trn ng tm, c trng cho 3 vng trn ng cao 0o, 30o, 60o v hai ng vung gc vi
nhau c trng cho cc hng ng, Ty, Nam, Bc. Tm vng trn ng vi v tr thin nh ca im
39

TCVN 8225 : 2009

quan st. V tr ca v tinh c th hin bng k hiu, khi n mt tn hiu trn bu tri ca im quan
st v bng k hiu H khi n c thu bt.
- Mn hin th s 11.
Thng tin v thi gian nhn thy v tinh. N cho bit nhng v tinh s xut hin trn bu tri ca im
quan st v khong thi gian nhn thy chng tnh theo trc thi gian t 0h - 24h. Nu v tr ca im
quan st c nhp t trc ca b nh vo my thu (theo mn hin th s 4) th mn hnh s 11
s cho ngay cc thng tin ny, cn nu khng th phi ch khong 12 pht my thu kp tch ly d
kin o m tnh ra v tr ca im quan st v trn c s s cho ra thng tin cn thit ca mn hin
th.
- Mn hin th s 12:
iu hnh Bar code.

G.2 H thng x l GPS

40

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc H
(quy nh)
My ton c in t

H.1 Mt s my ton c in t chnh xc cao (tham kho)

Hin nay nc ta v trong ngnh thu li nhp kh nhiu my ton c in t c chnh xc
cao n siu chnh xc (v gc m 3'', v cnh mS/S 1/100.000) nh: TC 720, DTM 700, DTM 520,
SET 3B v.v... ca Thu S, Nht.
Nhn chung cc my ton c u c mt s b phn chnh sau:
a) My kinh v nh v:
Ging nh cc my kinh v khc, nhng qu trnh o gc bng, ng, khong cch c ni kt quang
hc vi cc mch IC chuyn qua b my tnh t ng bi ngun hng ngoi.
b) My pht ngun hng ngoi do ngun in ca acquy c in th t 6 n 12V. Acquy dng kh
v c b np chuyn dng. B pht quang hng ngoi theo nguyn l lch pha n mt gng v
c phn hi. B phn nhn phn hi qua IC tnh, hin th ln mn hnh ca b phn tnh cc tr s
gc ngang (HAR), gc thin nh (ZA), khong cch hin (D,S), t chnh cao (h).
c) B phn my tnh nhn v tnh tr s gc ngang, ng, khong cch nghing, bng, chnh cao, ta
E(y), N(x).
Kt qu l qua my ton c in t xc nh c cc tr gc ngang vi chnh xc t 1''n 3'',
khong cch n milimt, ta xc nh n centimt. Tr s khong cch chnh nhau gia 3 ln
o i, o v t:

S
S

100.000

Sau ly tr trung bnh.

Cc tr cao Ht, X(N), Y(E) c ghi trn a dng SDC hoc fieldbook, trt qua my tnh o v trc
tip ra bn a hnh, mt ct, tnh khi lng v.v... Theo cc phn mm: SDR ca Nht, SUFFER
ca M hoc Autocad lan development v.v...
Cao xc nh qua cc my ton c in t sau khi bnh sai c th t thu chun hng 4, phc v
o v bnh t l ln t 1:1000 n 1: 200.

41

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Hnh H.1 Cc loi gng v gi

42

TCVN 8225 : 2009

o qua b m

o a hnh bng s in t

SET2B, SET3B and SET4B are identical in design concept and operation differing
only in performance specifications

Hnh H.2 My ton c in t

H.2 Kim nghim, hiu chnh my (quy nh)

Mi my ton c in t u c mt s cu to ring bit. Vic hiu chnh v kim nghim cho tng
loi my u phi tun theo catalog k thut km theo. Di y quy nh nhng bc chung cho cc
loi my ton c in t hiu chnh cc yu t gc, di qua bi tuyn gc quc gia.
Nc ta hin nay c 4 bi tuyn gc: gn cu Thng Long H Ni, Xun Mai Ho Bnh, Lt v Ph
Th thnh ph ph H Ch Minh.
H.2.1 Kim nghim tr o gc qua li tuyn gc, qua nhng phng php o ton vng vi 9 vng
o. Kt qu sai s trong phng tr o tnh theo cng thc:

43

TCVN 8225 : 2009

m=

[pvv]
3''
n1

trong
p

l trng s o gc;

l s hiu chnh gia tr gc o v tr gc gc tnh t ta li;

l s ln o.

H.2.2 Kim nghim di gng o (gng so, gng n, gng kp, gng 3, gng chm).
a) Kim nghim h thng gng qua bi kim nghim quc gia (sai s gc n 0.1", sai s o cnh
n ms/s 1/1.000.000). Vi cc im chun: gng so vi khong cch D 1000 m, gng i
(ba) vi D 3000 m.
b) Qu trnh tin hnh nh sau:
- Di tm gng v cn bng qua gi, bt thu.
- Cn bng v di chn my qua 3 c chn.
- Bt nt Starts khi ng my khi nh hng n gng qua b phn ngm kinh v. Khi qua
my ku tt, tt u cng vi n tn hiu, chng t my hot ng tt.
- Ln lt o gc ngang, ng, chnh cao h, khong cch nghing (D), ngang (S) ba ln vi sai s
trong hn sai:
1 3 (ty loi my)
h 3 mm
D/D 1/100.000
- c to E(y), N(x) ca cc im chun trong li gc. So snh vi tr gc m bo x = y
0,005m
- Tnh din tch kim tra theo cng thc:
2S = xi (yi+1 - yi-1) = yi (xi-1 - xi+1)
- Tnh th tch kim tra theo cng thc:

V =

Hgh

(b= aHm )dH= bHgh+

trong
Hgh l cao gii hn ca mc thit k;
a, b l hng s.
44

a
x H nH
nH

TCVN 8225 : 2009

H.2.3 Hiu chnh tr o di

Hiu chnh di cnh o qua my ton c in t gm c:
a) Hiu chnh di do chnh cao gia chiu cao gng o (Jg) v chiu cao my (Jm):
h = Jg - Jm

S1 =

h2
2D

trong
D l khong cch c trn my.
b) Hiu chnh di do cao trung bnh ca cnh o vi mt nc bin.
`

S2 = D

Nm =

Hm
Nm
a

1 e2 sin2 B

trong
B

l v ;

a = 6378248 m l bn knh trc ln elipxoid Tri t;

e = 0,006893421623 l dt elipxoid Tri t;
Hm = (HA + HB)/2 - A,B l hai u cnh o.
c) Hiu chnh di khi chuyn v kinh tuyn gia ca li chiu GAUSS.

S3 = D.

Y m2
2 R2

trong
Ym l tung tnh bng km t khu o so vi kinh tuyn gia;
R

l bn knh tri t.

d) di cui cng ca chiu di cnh bng:

So = Do + S1 + S2 + S3.

45

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc I
(tham kho)
S o thy chun lng gic
C quan thc hin

Cng trnh: .................... Tnh.....M lu tr... Trang....

Hng mc (vng): ........... My o...............................

S o
thy chun
lng gic

n v thc hin: T: ....... XNKS................................

im t my: ............... Cao im t my : ........
Hng KT: Th nht : ..... Th 2: ................................
My o: .............. Ngi o: ......Ngi kim tra : ......

Tn im
1

46

Khong
cch
nghing
2

Khong
cch
bng
3

Gc
ngang

Gc
ng

Chnh
cao (h)

Cao
im

Ghi ch

TCVN 8225 : 2009

Ph lc K
(tham kho)
Phm vi ng dng ca cc phng php

K.1 Phng php thu chun hnh hc

Phng php thu chun hnh hc l phng php c chnh xc cao nht v n nh, s dng d
dng vi s kinh ph mua thit b nh nht, l phng php ng dng thun li trong cc trng hp sau:
Vng bng phng c dc 6o;
Vng dn c c thnh ph ng c khi xc nh cao d di mt bng ng ph;
Xc nh cao cc cng trnh xy dng i hi chnh xc cao nh o ln cng trnh, ng bay
sn bay cc ng giao thng, khng ch cao cc vng ng bng v.v...
Hn ch trong cc a hnh sau:
Vng i ni c dc > 6o c bit vng c dc > 25o thc hin rt kh khn v nng sut lao
ng rt thp, kinh ph tn km;
Chuyn cao ln cc cng trnh cao: nh cao tng, ng khi cng nghip, i kh tng v.v...;
Vng cy ci rm rp, c phng x c hi, vng bom mn v.v...

K.2 Phng php GPS

Phng php o cao qua h thng GPS ngy cng c s dng rng ri v nng sut cht lng
ngy cng cao. Song kinh ph mua thit b ban u kh ln. Phng php ng dng thun li trong
cc trng hp sau:
C th chuyn cao n khong cch xa t vi km n hng ngn kilmt;
Vng cy ci rm rp, a hnh phn chia phc tp, khng phi pht cy hoc b tr hnh cht ch
nh cc phng php khc;
Vng sa mc, sng, bin, phn cch a hnh nhiu, giao thng i li kh khn.
Hn ch ca phng php l hin nay, do mt im trng lc ca nc ta cn tha (dy nht c
li 3 km 3 km) nn chnh xc mi t n thu chun hng 4. Khu vc cng trnh kin trc cao,
khng th t my c.

K.3 Phng php thu chun lng gic chnh xc cao

Phng php s dng thun li trong cc trng hp sau:
Chuyn cao t thp ln cc cng trnh cao m khng phi chuyn my ln;

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E 8225 : 2009
thyTCVN
chun

Nhng vng ni, ni cao kh i li;

Xc nh ln nghing cc cng trnh cao tng, ng khi, l cao v.v...
Hn ch ca phng php l chnh xc thp, ch m bo thu chun hng 4, k thut.

48