Buffers: A.

pH Measurement using pH Meter

Calculated pH
Solution 1 HoAc
0.10 M CH3COOH
CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O+
i
0.10

c
-x
+x
+x
e
0.10 x
x
x
Ka =

][

= 1.8 x 10-5

x = 1.33 x 10-3 M
pH = -log [1.33 x 10-3]
pH = 2.88
Solution 2 HoAc OAc
na + nb = nbuffer
= 0.05 M (0.10 L)
na + nb = 0.005 mol
pH = 5
pH = pKa + log
5 = 4.74 + log
log

= 0.026
= 1.82
na + 1.82na = 0.005 mol
na = 1.77 x 10-3 mol
nb = 3.23 x 10-3 mol

Va = 1.77 x 10-3 mol * (1/0.2 mol) = 8.85 x 10-3 L

Vb = 3.23 x 10-3 mol * (1/0.2 mol) = 0.0162 L
pH = 4.74 + log
pH = 5
Solution 3 NH3
0.10 M NH3
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + H3O+
i
0.10

c
-x
+x
+x
e
0.10 x
x
x
Kb =

= 1.8 x 10-5

x = 1.33 x 10-5 M
pOH = -log [1.33 x 10-5]
pOH = 2.88
pH = 11.12

Solution 4 NH3 NH4+

na + nb = nbuffer
= 0.05 M (0.10 L)
na + nb = 0.005 mol
pH = 9, pOH = 5
pOH = pKa + log
5 = 4.74 + log
log

= 0.026
= 1.82
nb + 1.82nb = 0.005 mol
nb = 1.77 x 10-3 mol
na = 3.23 x 10-3 mol

Va = 3.23 x 10-3 mol * (1/0.2 mol) = 0.0162 L

Vb = 1.77 x 10-3 mol * (1/0.2 mol) = 8.85 x 10-3 L
pOH = 4.74 + log
pOH = 5
pH = 9
Solution 5 - NaH2PO4
0.10 M NaH2PO4
pH = (pKa1 + pKa2)
pH = 4.67

Buffers: B. Effect of Strong Acid and Strong Bases

Solution 1- HoAc
*Acid Addition
15 ml 0.10 M CH3COOH + 0.1 ml 1 M HCl
CH3COOH +
H 2O
CH3COO- +
i
c
e

+x
x

-x

Ka =

][

x = 2.59 x 10-4 M
pH = -log [
pH = 2.16

+x

= 1.8 x 10-5

=
2.59 x 10-4]

H3O+

*Base Addition
15 ml 0.10 M CH3COOH + 0.1 ml 1 M NaOH
CH3COOH +
OH-

CH3COO- + H2O

i
c

+
0
(

pH = 3.59
Solution 2 HOAC-OAC*Acid Addition
(

pH = 4.96
*Base Addition
(

(
pH = 5.04

Solution 3- NH3
* Acid Addition
15 ml 0.10 M NH3 + 0.1 ml 1 M HCl
NH3 +
H+

NH4+

i
c

+
0

pOH = 3.59
pH = 10.41
*Base Addition
15 ml 0.10 M NH3 + 0.1 ml 1 M NaOH
NH3
+ H2O NH4+ +
OHi

c
-x
+x
+x
e
x

Kb =

][

x = 2.59 x 10-4 M
pOH = -log [
pOH = 2.16
pH = 11.84

= 1.8 x 10-5
2.59 x 10-4]

Solution 4- NH3-NH4+ buffer

*Acid Addition

pOH = 5.04
pH= 8.96

*Base Addition
(

(
pOH = 4.96
pH = 9.04

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1.
0.10 M HoAc Oac pH = 5.5
0.20 moles HoAc + 0.50 mol NaOH
nT = 0.75 (0.10) = 0.75na + nb
5.5 = 4.74 + log nb / na
nb / na = 5.75
nb = 5.75na
0.75 mol = na + 5.75na
0.75 mol = 6.75na
nb = 0.11 VOAc = 0.22 L
na = 0.64 VHoAc = 0.64 L

2.

4.
6. pH of 50 ml 0.10 M HCO3- = 5.66
*Acid Addition
50ml 0.10 M HCO3- + 0.1 ml 1 M HCl
HCO3+
H2O
CO32- +
i
c
e

+x
x

-x

Ka =

][
[

H3O+

]
]

= 1.8 x 10-5

x = 2.35 x 10-9 M
pH = -log [
pH = 2.70

+x

= 2.35 x 10-9]

*Base Addition
50ml 0.10 M HCO3- + 0.1 ml 1 M NaOH
HCO3+
OH-

CO32-

i
c
e

+
0
(

H2O

pH = 6.43