Chng 1.

Tng quan Mng my tnh

PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Thanh B mn K thut thng tin Vin in t - Vin thng HBK H Ni Email: thanhnh@mail.hut.edu.vn

Ni dung
Mc ch hnh thnh Phn loi mng va kin trc vt ly ca mng M hnh tham chiu va giao thc trn mng Mt s th d v mng

Nhu cu
Nhu cu chia s ti nguyn, thng tin v dch v
Chia s d liu, thng tin Cc dch v truyn s liu (email, chat .v.v.) Ti nguyn

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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Nhu cu (tip)
im - im
Mc ch hnh thnh

Ngun

Knh truyn

ch

Phn loi

Nhiu im nhiu im im
Ngun ch

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Ngun

?????
ch

Ngun

ch

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Nhu cu (tip)
u cui
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu

Nt mng
Mt s kha i nim khc

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Nhu cu (tip)
Khi cn kt ni nhiu ngun vi nhiu ch chia s ti nguyn va thng tin cn kt ni ngun va ch thng qua mt mng truyn thng (communication network)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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nh ngha

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

L tp hp cc thit b (hardware v software) v c s h tng c th cung cp cc dch v truyn thng c bn

Thit b: switch, router, multiplexer .v.v. C s h tng: cp ng trc, cp quang, .v.v.

Th d: Mng in thoi, mng di ng, mng my tnh, Internet,

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Mng truyn thng

Dch v truyn thng (communication services)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Cho php trao i thng tin gia cc ngi s dng cc v tr a l khc nhau

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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Mng truyn thng (tip)

Dch v truyn thng (tip)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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Mng truyn thng (tip)

ng dng (applications):
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

c xy dng trn cc dch v truyn thng E-mail c xy dng trn dich v Internet (realiable stream) Web browser c xy dng trn dich v Internet (realiable stream) Peer-to-peer: Chia s file ca Napster, Gnuitella, Kazza Audio video streaming Internet games Online purchasing Voice-over-Internet Video on demand IP TV

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10

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Bt u t mt th nghim ca d n ca ARPA Mt lin kt gia hai nt mng (IMP ti UCLA v IMP ti SRI).
ARPA: Advanced Research Project Agency UCLA: University California Los Angeles SRI: Stanford Research Institute IMP: Interface Message Processor

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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11

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

3 thng sau: mt mng hon chnh vi 4 nt, 56kbps
Mc ch hnh thnh SRI UTAH

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

UCSB

UCLA

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12

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

ARPANET thi k u, 1971: tc pht trin 1 nt/thng
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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13

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

S m rng ca ARPANET, 1974: vt qu 3.000.000 gi tin/ngy
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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14

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Thp nin 1970: T u 1970 xut hin cc mng ring:

ALOHAnet ti Hawaii DECnet, IBM SNA, XNA

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

1974: Cerf & Kahn nguyn l kt ni cc h thng m (Turing Awards) 1976: Ethernet, Xerox PARC
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15

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

1981: Xy dng mng NSFNET
NSF: National Science Foundation: Phc v cho nghin cu khoa hc, do s qu ti ca ARPANET
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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16

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

1986: Ni kt USENET& NSFNET
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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17

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET, HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA), BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo 1980 Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS
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18

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Thp nin 90: Web v thng mi ha Internet u 90: ARPAnet ch l mt phn ca Internet u 90: Web HTML, HTTP: BernersLee 1994: Mosaic, Netscape Cui 90: Thng mi ha Internet

Cui 1990s 2000s:

Nhiu ng dng mi: chat, chia s file P2P E-commerce, Yahoo, Amazon, Google > 50 triu my trm, > 100 triu NSD Vn an ton an ninh thng tin!
Internet dnh cho tt c mi ngi Tt c cc dch v phi quan tm ti vn ny

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19

Ngun gc mng my tnh v Internet (tip)

Pht trin Internet Vit Nam
Mc ch hnh thnh
25.0 s ngi dng (triu ngi) % dn s
17.94

30 25
22.04

20.0

S lng NSD (triu ngi)

15.0
13.36

15
18.6 7.69 11.1 14.9

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

10.0 5.0
3.8 6.3

10 5 0

0.0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: Vnnic, http://www.thongkeinternet.vn

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% dn s
20

Phn loi

20

10

Phn loi
Theo cu trc hnh mng (topology) Theo kch c mng

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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21

Topology mng
Mng hnh sao (star)
Thit b trung tm: switch, router, hub hoc thit b tch hp Passive hub: B tp trung cc my tnh thnh mng n hay segment Active hub: B tp trung c kh nng khuch i tn hiu

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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11

Topology mng (tip)

Mng hnh bus
S dng mt ng truyn chung cho tt c cc my tnh My tnh kt ni vo mng s dng T-Connector Terminator: ngn chn kh nng di tn hiu

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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Topology mng (tip)

Mng vng (ring)
Cc my tnh lin kt vi nhau thnh vng trn theo nguyn tc im-im My tnh trao i d liu theo mt chiu

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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12

Topology mng (tip)

Mng kt hp
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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25

Kch c mng
WAN
Mc ch hnh thnh

IEEE 802.20

3GPP 3G, LTE ATM

Phn loi

IEEE 802.4,6,16 IEEE 802.3,5,11

MAN ETSI HIPERMAN

& HIPER ACCESS LAN ETSI HIPERLAN

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

PAN (<10m) (IEEE802.15, ETSI HIPER PAN)

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26

13

Kch c mng (tip)

PAN (personal area network): mng c nhn
Dng kt ni cc thit b c nhn (tai nghe, chut, my tnh, thit b nghe nhc) 5m 10m

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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27

Kch c mng (tip)

LAN (Local Area Network): mng cc b
Dng kt ni cc my tnh, thit b ngoi vi trong phm vi mt c quan, n v 100m vi km

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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28

14

Kch c mng (tip)

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): mng ni th
kt ni mt vng rng ln nh mt thnh ph Vi chc km

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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29

Kch c mng (tip)

WAN (Wide Area Network): Mng din rng
kt ni cc mng LAN, MAN li vi nhau Vi trm n vi ngn km

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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15

Mt s mng in hnh
WAN
Mc ch hnh thnh

IEEE 802.20

3GPP 3G, LTE ATM

Phn loi

IEEE 802.4,6,16 IEEE 802.3,5,11

MAN ETSI HIPERMAN

& HIPER ACCESS LAN ETSI HIPERLAN

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

PAN (<10m) (IEEE802.15, ETSI HIPER PAN)

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Mt s mng in hnh (tip)

IEEE 802
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

IEEE 802.3: Chun mng LAN/MAN Ethernet IEEE 802.4: Chun mng LAN Token Bus, ch yu c s dng trong cng nghip (GM)
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16

Mt s mng in hnh (tip)

IEEE 802 (tip)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

IEEE 802.5: chun mng LAN Token Ring c pht trin bi IBM IEEE 802.6: chun mng MAN DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus) vi tc 150Mbit/s trn khong cch 160km

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Mt s mng in hnh (tip)

IEEE 802 (tip)
IEEE 802.11: chun mng LAN khng dy IEEE 802.15: chun mng c nhn khng dy (Wireless Personal Area Network WPAN)
IEEE 802.15.1: BlueTooth IEEE 802.15.3: High rate WPAN (11 55Mbit/s): s dng cho cc ng dng multimedia IEEE 802.15.4: Low rate WPAN/ZigBee: cho cc ng dng tiu th t nng lng, tc thp (Wireless Sensor Network)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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17

Mt s mng in hnh (tip)

IEEE 802 (tip)
Mc ch hnh thnh

IEEE 802.16: Chun mng WMAN WiMAX

IEEE 802.16-2004: WiMAX c nh IEEE 802.16e-2005: WiMAX di ng

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

IEEE 802.20: WWAN Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA), tm ph sng ln hn WiMAX (< 15km)
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Mt s mng in hnh (tip)

3GPP
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

3G/HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) LTE (Long Term Evolution)

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

ATM Forum
ATM

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18

Kin trc phn tng

Cc chc nng trong mng thng thng c phn loi v nhm li thnh mt s tng theo chiu dc c gi l lp (layer)
Lp
M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Chc nng

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37

Ti sao phi phn tng?

Phn chia cc chc nng trong vic trao i thng tin
Bn gi
Mc ch hnh thnh
Thng tin mun trao i Chuyn t suy ngh sang li ni

Bn nhn
Thng tin nhn c

Phn loi
Ngn ng Japanese? English? Ngn ng

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Cc phng tin truyn thng Th? in thoi? E-mail?

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Vi c trao i thng tin s di n ra sun s nu ti mi tng, cng m t phng ti n c s d ng

38

19

Ti sao phi phn tng? (tip)

Th d
Mc ch hnh thnh

Khng phn tng

Phn tng

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Cassette B dn m thanh
Player Speaker Amplifier
39

Tt c chc nng u t c trong mt khi Khi mun thay i: Nng cp ton b

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Ti sao phi phn tng? (tip)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

i vi cc h thng phc tp: n gin ha h thng bng vic chia chc nng Cho php xc nh r nhim v ca mi b phn v quan h gia chng Cho php d dng bo tr v nng cp h thng Thay i bn trong mt b phn khng nh hng n cc b phn khc e.g., Nng cp t CD ln DVD player m khng phi thay loa.
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20

Cc m hnh tham chiu

Cc m hnh phn tng c gi l M hnh tham chiu (Reference Model) Cc loi m hnh tham chiu:
M hnh OSI (7 lp) do ISO a ra M hnh TCP/IP (m hnh Internet)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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41

M hnh 7 lp OSI
Application layer Presentation layer Session layer Tng ng dng Tng trnh din Tng phin Tng giao vn

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi
Transport layer

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

Tng mng

Tng mng Tng lin kt d liu Tng vt l

H thng cui

Nt mng trung gian

H thng cui

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21

Chc nng cc lp
PHY (Lp vt l)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Bin i dng bit logic thnh tn hiu vt l ph hp vi ng truyn vt l ( bn pht) v ngc li ( bn thu): iu ch/gii iu ch, bin i, khi phc tn hiu .v.v.

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

PHY

PHY

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43

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

Data Link (Lin kt d liu)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Pht hin v sa li khi truyn d liu gia cc thc th trong mng (switch, router, thit b u cui) Nhn d liu t lp Mng, ng gi d liu lp Mng vo cc khung (frame) ph hp vi mng vt l T chc cc bit trong frame theo th t nh ngha sn Hot ng theo nguyn tc tng chng
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22

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

Network (lp Mng)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

nh tuyn trn mt mng gm nhiu nt trung gian gia ngun v ch nh a ch lp mng

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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45

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

Transport (Lp giao vn)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

m bo truyn d liu tin cy gia 2 thit b u cui (end-to-end) iu khin lung (flow control) Chia nh hoc ghp cc khi d liu t lp Phin

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23

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

Session (Lp Phin)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Qun l cc kt ni (connection) c thit lp trn cng mt my tnh, t mt hay nhiu ng dng khc nhau Ghp knh nhiu kt ni v gi xung lp Giao vn

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47

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

Presentation (lp Trnh din)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Bin i nh dng d liu t cc ng dng thnh mt nh dng chung c quy nh bi thit b u cui Th d:
Bin i cc cu trc d liu khc nhau thnh nh dng XML Bin i cc m k t khc nhau thnh ASCII .v.v.

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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24

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

Application (lp ng dng)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Cung cp cc giao din lp trnh cho ng dng ca ngi s dng

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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49

M hnh phn lp TCP/IP

Thc t cho thy khng cn thit phi phn qu nh cc chc nng M hnh TCP/IP hin ang s dng trong Internet c 4 lp Cc chc nng tng ng vi m hnh OSI

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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25

M hnh OSI v TCP/IP So snh

M hnh OSI
Mc ch hnh thnh

M hnh Internet
Cc lp cao Mng my tnh
51 52

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Host-to-Host Internetwork Application

(http, SIP, ftp, telnet, smtp, DIAMETER, H.323, RTP, POP) (UDP, TCP, SCTP) (IP, IPsec, ICMP, routing)

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Data Link Physical

Network Access (IEEE802, ATM, etc.)

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M hnh TCP/IP cc lp di

Internetwork
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Logical Link Control Medium Access Control PHY

LLC (IEEE 802.2)

Network Access

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.15

IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20

3GPP 3GPP 3G, LTE HSPA

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.4

IEEE 802.5

IEEE 802.6

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Chc nng cc lp
PHY (Lp vt l)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Bin i dng bit logic thnh tn hiu vt l ph hp vi ng truyn vt l ( bn pht) v ngc li ( bn thu): iu ch/gii iu ch, bin i, khi phc tn hiu .v.v.

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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53

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

MAC (Lp iu khin truy nhp): nm gia LLC v PHY
Quy nh vic nh a ch MAC cho cc thit b mng a ra c ch chia s mi trng vt l kt ni nhiu my tnh Phng to knh truyn song cng (duplex channel), a im (multipoint)
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Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Medium

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

54

27

Chc nng cc lp (tip)

LLC (lp iu khin knh logic)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Ghp knh iu khin lung

Phn loi

Cho php cc giao thc lp trn (IP, IPX) c truyn trn cng mt c s h tng mng vt l
Internetwork

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

LLC

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Trao i thng tin gia cc tng

Khi nim ng gi (encapsulation)
Bn g i: M i t ng thm vo cc thng tin iu khin vo phn u gi tin (header) v truy n xung t ng di Bn nhn: M i t ng x l gi tin d a trn thng tin trong phn u, sau b phn u, ly phn d liu chuy n ln t ng trn.
Application Data TCP IP LLC/MAC Physical
Signal

Mc ch hnh thnh

Data Phn loi TCP header M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc IP header

Application
Data

TCP IP LLC/MAC Physical Receiver

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Ethernet Frame

Sender
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28

Trao i thng tin gia cc tng (tip)

Mc ch hnh thnh

FTP TCP IP IP 10M CAT5 100M CAT5

FTP TCP IP 100M/Ethernet CAT5

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Ethernet/10M CAT5

Ngun

Nt trung gian

ch

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Trao i thng tin gia cc tng (tip)

PDU (Protocol Data Unit) v SDU (Service Data Unit)
Mc ch hnh thnh Protocol N+1

Layer (N+1)
Service interface

(N+1) PDU

Phn loi

Protocol N

Layer (N)
M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc Service interface

(N)

SDU

HN

(N) PDU
Protocol N-1

addr.

Layer (N-1)

HN

HN-1

(N-1) SDU (N-1) PDU

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29

Trao i thng tin gia cc tng (tip)

Service Access Point (im truy nhp dch v)
Client 1
Mc ch hnh thnh

Protocol 1 Protocol 1 Protocol 1

Server 1 Server 2 Client 3

Client 2 Application Server 3

Phn loi

SAP
M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

SAP
TCP/UDP protocol

Host-tohost

TCP/UDP

TCP/UDP

Internet

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Chuyn mch knh va chuyn mch gi

Chuyn mch knh (circuit-switched network)
Mt phin truyn c 3 giai on:
Thit lp knh Trao i d liu Hy bo knh
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

Mt knh thc cht c th l mt lung d liu c truyn qua nhiu kt ni vt l Chuyn mch knh thng i km vi kt ni Hng lin kt (connection-oriented)
D ch 2 B ch 1

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

A Ngun 1

C Ngun 2

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30

Chuyn mch knh va chuyn mch gi (tip)

Chuyn mch knh (tip)
TD: Mng in thoi
Mc ch hnh thnh

ng trung k 2,5Gpbs c th t i 39.000 cuc thoi (64 kbps)

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Bn gi T ni ht T ni ht T trung k
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Bn b gi

61

Chuyn mch knh va chuyn mch gi (tip)

Chuyn mch gi (packet-switched network)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Cc gi tin c nh tuyn c lp bi router Cc router khng lu gi trng thi ca tng lung d liu Cc gi tin khc nhau v mt nguyn tc c th i theo nhiu ng khc nhau Chuyn mch gi thng i vi khi nim Khng lin kt (connectionless)
A Ngun
R1 R4

R2 R3

B ch

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Chuyn mch knh va chuyn mch gi (tip)

Chuyn mch gi (tip)
Hp knh thng k (statistical multiplexing)
Mc ch hnh thnh rate

1 lung

2 lung
rate Lu lng trung bnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

time rate

Nhiu lung

time

Lu lng trung bnh ca: 1, 2, 10, 100, 1000 lung.

time
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Chuyn mch knh va chuyn mch gi (tip)

Hp knh thng k:
Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Chuyn mch gi thng i km vi hp knh thng k Trong hp knh thng k, cng nhiu lung th lu lng i qua mt kt ni vt l cng bng phng hiu sut s dng knh cng cao

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32

Nguyn tc chuyn mch gi

Mt s khi nim:
di gi L (bit) (packet length) Chiu di ca ng truyn vt l gia 2 nt mng l (m) Tr lan truyn (propagation delay): thi gian tn hiu lan truyn trn knh vt l:
tp=l/vc; vc l vn tc lan truyn ca tn hiu
Phn loi

Mc ch hnh thnh

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Dung lng knh truyn C (bit/s) (link capacity) Thi gian phc v gi (transmission time): thi gian gi ht mt gi tin t bit u tin n bit cui cng ln knh truyn
ts=L/C;

Tr hng i tq: thi gian mt gi phi lu li trong hng i nt mng trung gian Tr t u cui n u cui (end-to-end delay) de2e: tr t khi gi mt gi tin u pht cho n khi n c nhn u thu
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Nguyn tc chuyn mch gi (tip)

Store-and-Forward: lu gi ti cc nt trung gian v gi tip
Mc ch hnh thnh

A Ngu n
R1

R2 R3 R4

B ch

Phn loi

A
R1 R2 R3

ts1

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

ts2 Store-and-Forward at each Router tp1 tp2 tp3 tp4

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ts3 ts4

min(d e 2e ) i 1 (t pi t si )

B
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Nguyn tc chuyn mch gi (tip)

Ti sao phi chia nh mt bn tin lp trn thnh nhiu gi tin trc khi truyn i?
Mc ch hnh thnh
M/C M/C

A
C1 C2 C3

A
C1 C2 C3

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

d e 2 e i (t pi M

B
Ci )

d e2e M Cmin i t pi

Gim tr end-to-end Tng tin cy

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Tr hng i
Trong iu kin ti cao, cc gi i vo nt mng phi i trong hng i trc khi c gi ra u ra
A
R1 R2 R3
Mt s kha i nim khc

Mc ch hnh thnh

ts1

tq1
tp1

Phn loi

ts2

d e 2 e i 1 (t pi t si t qi )
tq2 ts3
ts4 tp3 tp4 Tr hng i ph thuc vo iu kin g?

M hnh tham chiu

tp2

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34

Tr hng i (tip)
H thng mng c th c m hnh ha thnh cc hng i c kt ni vi nhau i vi mt kt ni xc nh t ngun ti ch, tr u cui ch ph thuc vo tr hng i Nu xc nh c tr hng i nh gi c hiu nng hot ng ca mng

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

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Tr hng i (tip)

Mc ch hnh thnh

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Lu lng nn (background traffic) l nguyn nhn gy nn tc nghn v tr hng i

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35

Hng i
H thng hng i FIFO A(t),
Mc ch hnh thnh

Q(t)

D(t)

Phn loi

M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

A(t): tin trnh ti; s gi n nt mng trong khong thi gian [0,t] D(t): tin trnh ra; s gi ra khi nt mng trong khong thi gian [0,t] Q(t): s gi nm trong hng i ti t Tnh cht ca A(t) v D(t):
A(t) v D(t) l hm n iu tng A(t)D(t)
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Hng i (tip)
A (t )
Mc ch hnh thnh

bit

A(t) D(t)

Q(t)
Phn loi M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

Tin trnh phc v

D(t)
t

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36

Hng i (tip)
bit

d(t) A(t)
Mc ch hnh thnh

Q(t)

D(t)
Phn loi

t
M hnh tham chiu Mt s kha i nim khc

S gi nm trong hng i ti t:

Q (t ) A(t ) D (t )
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Ti liu tham kho

TCP/IP Illustrated Vol I-The Protocols, Richard Stevens, Addison-Wesley Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol 1, Douglas Comer, Prentice Hall Computer Networking: a top-down approach featuring the Internet, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, Addison Wesley, 4thed, 2006 Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall, 4th Edition

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Li cm n
Bi ging c s dng mt s t liu ca:
Bi ging Mng my tnh TS. Ng Hng Sn, Vin CNTT-TT, HBK HN Computer Networks, Nick McKeown, Stanford University

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