Experiment No: - 2 Study of Zener diode as a voltage regulator EC-394 and EE (EC)-391

Aim/Object: Regulation of Voltage using Zener Diode. Title: Study of Zener diode as a voltage regulator Theory: The Zener breakdown is a phenomenon where after a certain voltage through current through Zener increases but the voltage across Zener remains constant. By utilizing these phenomena we can use Zener as a voltage regulator. As show in the current diagram the Zener diode is connected in reverse bias and in parallel with the load. Here a resistance is connected as the load and its resistance can be varied by means of a rotary switch. In the Zener breakdown region even through the load resistance is varied and the load current changes but the voltage across Zener remains constant. So the Zener diode provides low voltage regulation, however is lost if the load resistance falls below a certain value because in that case the load provides a short path for the current. Components Used:1. Zener Diode Trainer Kit. a. DC Voltage regulator (0 to 15V). b. Source Resistance (470). c. Load Resistance (470). d. Input Volt Meter. e. Output Volt Meter. 2. Zener diode kit power supply. 3. Port Connecting Wires. 4. Zener Diode. Circuit Diagram:1. With Load Voltage Regulation:-

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2. Without Load Voltage Regulation:-

Procedures:1. With Load Voltage Regulation:-I. From a reverse characteristic of Zener diode the reverse breakdown voltage is found. II. Make connections as shown in circuit diagram. III. Make sure the Zener is connected in reverse bias i.e. +V terminal of supply being connected to Negative and V terminal is connected to Positive of Zener. IV. Any two terminal of load resistance is connected to form one end and the other terminal acts as the other end. Connect the load resistance in parallel to the Zener Diode. V. Increase the supply DC voltage to enter into the Zener Breakdown region or the voltage which is found. VI. Now change the variable point of the load resistance and measure the corresponding voltage. VII. Continue the taking voltage until the voltage falls below the constant value. 2. Without Load Voltage Regulation:-I. From a reverse characteristic of Zener diode the reverse breakdown voltage is found. II. Make connections as shown in circuit diagram. III. Make sure the Zener is connected in reverse bias i.e. +V terminal of supply being connected to Negative and V terminal is connected to Positive of Zener. IV. Increase the supply DC voltage to enter into the Zener Breakdown region or the voltage which is found. V. Now vary the supply voltage and measure the corresponding voltage. VI. Continue the taking voltage until the voltage falls below the constant value.

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Required Graph:1. With Load Voltage Regulation:-

2. Without Load Voltage Regulation:-

Experiment Result:1. With Load Voltage Regulation:Sl. No. Supply Voltage 1 1.00V 2 2.00V 3 3.00V 4 4.00V 5 5.00V 6 6.00V 7 7.00V 8 8.00V 9 9.00V 10 10.00V 11 11.00V 12 12.00V 13 13.00V 14 14.00V

Output Voltage/Load Voltage

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2. Without Load Regulation:Sl. No. Supply Voltage 1 1.00V 2 2.00V 3 3.00V 4 4.00V 5 5.00V 6 6.00V 7 7.00V 8 8.00V 9 9.00V 10 10.00V 11 11.00V 12 12.00V 13 13.00V 14 14.00V

Output Voltage/Load Voltage

Precautions:a. The connection should be correct. b. The supply voltage should not exceed 14 volts. c. The load resistance not to be kept at minimum. d. Separate points should be used for +V and V wires. e. The series resistance must be connected to the Zener Diode. Conclusions:I. Zener diode is not subjected to loading with the increase of the load and hence is not liable to get damage by over load or output short circuit making itself protective under such situation. II. The circuit damages such higher input voltage for providing voltage regulation under wide variation in input voltage. III. Output voltage stability gets affected under temperature variation. IV. The regulator has load drive limited by the Zener diode power dissipation rating and voltage rating. V. Simple Voltage diode regulator, Therefore found limited application only to drive low load.

Jitaditya Mondal Analog Electronics Circuit Lab