GV.

NGUYEN TAN TRUNG

(Trung Tam Luyen Thi Chat Lng Cao VNH VIEN)

Co 3 cong thc viet phan ng

 Cong thc 1: Kim loai tan trong H2O

KL + H2O Baz + H2

(1)

Baz + Muoi Baz mi+ Muoi mi (2)

9Muoi p: Tan hoac t tan

9San pham cua (2) phai co:
Chat ket tua
Chat bay hi
Chat kho ien ly hn

 Cong thc 1: Kim loai tan trong H2O

KL + H2O Baz + H2

(1)

Baz + Muoi Baz mi+ Muoi mi (2)

V du 1:

Cho Na phan ng vi dung dch

CuSO4. Viet phng trnh phan ng.
2 Na + 2 H2O 2 NaOH + H2
2 NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
2Na + 2 H2O + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + H2

 V du 2: (H Nong Nghiep 1 1997)

Cho 21,84g kali kim loai vao 200g mot dung dch
cha Fe2(SO4)3 5% , FeSO4 3,04% va Al2(SO4)3 8,55%
ve khoi lng.Sau phan ng, loc tach, thu c ket
tua A va dung dch B. Nung ket tua A trong khong
kh en khoi lng khong oi.
1. Viet phng trnh cac phan ng hoa hoc a xay
ra.
2. Tnh khoi lng chat ran thu c sau khi nung
ket tua A.
3. Tnh nong o phan tram khoi lng cac chat
tao thanh trong dung dch B.
Fe=56, K=39, S=32, Al=27, O=16, H=1.

Giai: 1. Cac phan ng

K + H2O = KOH + H2
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH = 2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 K2SO4

FeSO4 + 2KOH = Fe(OH)2 + K2SO4

Al2(SO4)3 + 6 KOH = 2Al(OH)3 + 3K2SO4

Co the co them :

Al(OH)3 + KOH = KAlO2 + 2 H2O

Cac phan ng tren c xac nh chnh xac nh nh lng sau:

21,84
=0,56 mol
So mol K=
39
5x200
= 0,025 mol
So mol Fe2(SO4)3=
100x400
3,04x200
So mol FeSO4=
= 0,04 mol
100x152
8,55x200
= 0,05 mol
So mol Al2(SO4)3=
100x342

Theo e ta co Cac phan ng:

K +
0,56

H2O

Fe2(SO4)3+6 KOH
0,15
0,025

KOH +
0,56

H2
0,28

(1)
mol

= 2Fe(OH)3 + 3K2SO4 (2)

0,05
0,075 mol

FeSO4 + 2 KOH = Fe(OH)2 + K2SO4

0,08
0,04
0,04
0,04

(3)
mol

Al2(SO4)3 + 6 KOH = 2Al(OH)3 +3 K2SO4 (4)

0,3
0,1
0,05
0,15
mol
(2), (3), (4) So mol KOH p = 0,53 mol
So mol KOH d =0,56 0,53 = 0,03 mol

V sau (4) con KOH, nen co them p:

Al(OH)3 + KOH = KAlO2 + 2 H2O

(5)
0,03
mol
0,03
0,03
Theo (4), (5) So mol Al(OH)3 d = 0,1 0,03 = 0,07 mol (*)
2. Khi nung ket tua A:
(2), (3), (4),(*) Cac p nung ket tua tao ran
2Fe(OH)2
0,04

+ O2
to

t=o Fe O +
2 3

0,02
Fe2O3 + 3 H2O
0,025

2Fe(OH)3 =
0,05
o
t
2Al(OH)3 = Al2O3 + 3H2O
0,07
0,035

2 H2O

(6)

mol
(7)
mol
(8)
mol

Theo (6), (7), (8) ta co Khoi lng

ng chat ran sau khi nung:
Fe2O3 = 160 x 0,045 = 7,2 gam.
Al2O3 = 102 x 0,035 = 3,57 gam.
10,77 gam.
3.Tnh nong
ng o phan tram khoi lng
ng cac chat tao
thanh
nh trong dung dch B.
mddB = 200+ mK m H - m = 206,87 gam
2

Dung dch B co: K2SO4 =

KAlO2 =

174x0,256

206,87
98 x 0,03
206,87

x100 =22,29%
x100 =1,42%

 V du 3: (H Thuy Li 1997)
Cho 9,2 gam Na vao 160 ml dung
dch co khoi lng rieng la 1,25 g/ml cha
Fe2(SO4)3 vi nong o tng ng la
0,125M va 0,25M. Sau phan ng ngi ta
tach ket tua ra va em nung en khoi
lng khong oi.
1.
Tnh khoi lng cac chat ran thu
c sau khi nung.
2. Tnh nong o phan tram cua cac
muoi tao thanh trong dung dch.

Giai:
So mol Na = 9,2 =0,4 mol
23
So mol Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,16x0,125 = 0,02 mol
So mol Al2(SO4)3 = 0,16x0,25 = 0,04 mol
Khoi lng 160 ml dd = 160x1,25g/ml = 200 g
Cac phan ng:
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2 H2
(1)
0,4

0,4

0,4

0,2

mol

Fe2(SO4)3+ 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3 Na2SO4 (2)

0,02

0,12

0,04

0,06

mol

Al2(SO4)3+6NaOH 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 Na2SO4

0,04

0,24

0,08

0,12

(3)

mol

So mol NaOH con d = 0,4 (0,12+0,24)=0,04 mol

V con d NaOH , nen Al(OH)3 b tan theo:
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2 H2O (4)
0,04

0,04

0,04

mol

Theo (2), (3), (4) Ket tua thu c gom:

Fe(OH)3: 0,04 mol

Al(OH)3:0,08 - 0,04 = 0,04 mol
Cac phan ng
ng nung ket tua

to
2Fe(OH)3 = Fe2O3 + 3 H2O
0,04
0,02
mol
o
t
2Al(OH)3 = Al2O3 + 3 H2O
0,04
0,02
mol

(5)
(6)

1. Khoi lng
ng chat ran sau khi nung:
Theo (5), (6) ta suy ra c:

Khoi lng
ng Fe2O3 = 160x0,02=3,2 gam.
gam
Khoi lng
ng Al2O3 = 102x0,02=2,04 gam.
5,24 gam.
2. Nong
ng o % cac muoi trong dung dch:
Theo (2), (3), (4) ta suy ra c khoi lng
ng cac muoi:

Khoi lng Na2SO4 = 142x0,18=25,56 gam.

Khoi lng NaAlO2 = 82x0,04=3,28 gam.

Tnh khoi lng dung dch:

Theo (1), (2), (3), ta tnh c khoi lng
ng cac chat:

Khoi lng H2
= 2x0,2 =0,4 gam.
Khoi lng Fe(OH)3 = 107x0,04=4,28 gam.
Khoi lng Al(OH)3 = 78x0,04=3,12 gam.
Vay khoi lng
ng dung dch luc sau:
(9,2 + 200) (0,4 + 4,28 + 3,12) = 201,4 gam.
25,56
C% Na2SO4=
100 =12,71%
201,4
C% NaAlO2= 3,28 100 =1,63%
201,4

Cong thc 2: Kim loai khong tan trong nc.

KLA + Muoi KLB KLB + Muoi KLA
(c che kim loai ay kim loai ra khoi muoi )

ieu kien:
9 KLA khong tan trong nc
9 KL A ng trc KL B ( trong
day hoat ong hoa hoc Bekeop)
9 Muoi :Tan
V du: Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4

 V du 4:(HQGTP.HCM 1998)
3,78 gam bot Al phan ng va
u vi dung dch muoi XCl3 tao
thanh dung dch Y. Khoi lng chat
tan trong dung dch Y giam 4,06
gam so vi dung dch XCl3 . Xac
nh cong thc cua muoi XCL3.
Giai:

Phan ng:
Al + XCl3
27
3,78

X+3.35,5

AlCl3 + X

27 +3.35,5

(1)
mC.tan giam: X-27 g
mC.tan giam: 4,06 g

Theo (1) co:

27

3,78

X-27
4,06

X = 56
X : Fe
XCl3 : Fe Cl3

Cong thc 3: khi gap sat

P xay ra theo qui tac
TQ:

Oh1

Oh2

Kh1

Kh2

a. Cu+ Fe(NO3)3
b. Fe + Fe(NO3)3

Oh2 + Kh1 Oh1 + Kh2

Day ien hoa:
Fe2+ Cu2+ I2 Fe3+
Fe

Cu

Ag+

2+
Fe
2I
Ag

 V du 5: Viet cac phan ng

a. Cu+ Fe(NO3)3
a. Cu+ Fe(NO3)3
3+
b. Fe + Fe(NO3)3
Cu2
Fe
+
TQ:
2+
Fe
Cu
Cu

+2Fe3+

2Fe2+ + Cu2+

Day ien hoa:

Fe2+ Cu2+ I2 Fe3+
Fe

Cu

Ag+

2+
Fe
2I
Ag

 V du 5: Viet cac phan ng

b. Fe + Fe(NO3)3
a. Cu+ Fe(NO3)3
b. Fe + Fe(NO3)3
Fe2+
Fe3+
TQ:
2+
Fe
Fe
Cu +2Fe3+

3Fe2+

Day ien hoa:

Fe2+ Cu2+ I2 Fe3+
Fe

Cu

Ag+

2+
Fe
2I
Ag

 Ap dung 6:
Cho 6,4 gam Cu phan ng i
300 gam dd Fe(NO3)3 24,2%
thu c dd A co khoi lng
rieng bang 1,446 g/ml. Tnh
nong o mol/l cua dd A.
So mol Cu = 0,1 (mol)
So mol Fe(NO3)3 = 0,3 (mol)

- Theo e ta co p:
2Fe(NO3)3 + Cu

B: 0,3

0,1

2Fe(NO3)2 + Cu(NO3)2

0,1 (mol)

P: 0,2

0,1

0,2

Sau: 0,1

0,2

0,1

Theo (1) ta co:

mdd= 6,4 + 300 =306,4g

306,4
= 200 (ml) = 0,2 (lt)
Vdd=
1,532

Vay:[Fe(NO3)2]= 1(M)

[Cu(NO3)2]= 0,5(M)

(mol)

(mol)

(1)