Tron Bo Chia Khoa Vang Hoa Hoc

Mc Lc(tp 1)
trang
M u..................................................................................................0
Cha kha vng 1. Phng php quy i......................................2
Cha kha vng 2. Phng php th........................................10
Cha kha vng 3. Phng php cho oxit axit .............................23
Cha kha vng 4. Phng php bo ton e.................................29
Cha kha vng 5. Phng php bo ton nguyn t..................45
Cha kha vng 6. Phng php bo ton khi lng....................54
Cha kha vng 7. Phng php tng gim khi lng...................64
Cha kha vng 8. Phng php s dng gi tr trung bnh. . . .73
Cha kha vng 9. Phng php gii chuyn pH..................77
Cha kha vng 10. Phng php ng cho..............................82
Mc Lc(tp 2)
trang
M u..................................................................................................1
Cha kha vng 11. Gii nhanh bi ton bng bo ton in tch
..............................................................................................................2
Cha kha vng 12. Gii nhanh bi ton aluminum v hp cht9
Cha kha vng 13. Gii nhanh bi ton iron v hp cht iron. 25
Cha kha vng 14. Gii nhanh bi ton lin quan nhiu kim loi
.............................................................................................................41
Cha kha vng 15. Gii nhanh dng c bn ca thi tuyn sinh
H ........................................................................................................55
Cha kha vng 16. Gii nhanh bi ton kim loi tc dng HNO
3
70
Cha kha vng 17. Gii nhanh bi ton in phn.................78
Cha kha vng 18. Gii nhanh bi ton b qua giai on trung gian
.............................................................................................................88
Cha kha vng 19. Gii nhanh bi ton nhit luyn..............96
Cha kha vng 20. Gii nhanh bi ton bng cng
thc...........................................101
Mc Lc( tp 3) trang
M u............................................................................................................1
Cha kha vng 1. Gii nhanh bi ton hir cacbon...........................2
Cha kha vng 2. Gii nhanh bi ton ancol.........................................9
Cha kha vng 3. Gii nhanh bi ton anehit- xeton......................25
Cha kha vng 4. Gii nhanh bi ton axit cacboxylic.......................41
Cha kha vng 5. Gii nhanh bi ton este- lipit................................70
Cha kha vng 6. Gii nhanh bi ton gluxit (cacbohirat).............78
Cha kha vng 7. Gii nhanh bi ton amin.........................................88
Cha kha vng 8. Gii nhanh bi ton amino axit...............................96
Cha kha vng 9. Gii nhanh thi tuyn sinh H nm 2008.........55
Cha kha vng 10. Gii nhanh thi tuyn sinh H nm 2009......101
TP CH DY V HC HA HC
D&3h
http://ngocbinh.dayhoahoc.com
Cha kha vng 1: ph ng php quy i
I. c s l thuyt..
1) Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (V d: hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v
Fe
3
O
4 .
..) (t 3 cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht ( nh: Fe, FeO hoc Fe, Fe
2
O
3
hoc.) mt cht ( nh: Fe
x
O
y
hoc) ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo
ton khi lng hn hp.
2) C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy i v
mt cht. Tuy nhin ta nn chn cp cht no n gin c t phn ng oxi ho
kh nht, n gin trong vic tnh ton.
3) Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta gp s
m ( nh s mol m, khi lng m) l do s b tr khi lng ca cc cht trong
hn hp, trong trng hp ny ta vn tnh ton bnh thng v kt qu cui cng vn
tho mn.
4) Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
th Oxit Fe
x
O
y
tm c ch
l oxit gi nh khng c thc( v d nh: Fe
15
O
16
, Fe
7
O
8
)
5) Khi quy i hn hp cc cht v nguyn t th tun theo cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: quy i hn hp cc cht v cac nguyn t to thnh hn hp
Bc 2: t n s thch hp cho s mol nguyn t cc nguyn t trong hn hp.
Bc 3: Lp cc phng trnh da vo cc nh lut bo ton khi lng, bo
ton nguyn t, bo ton electron
Bc 4: lp cc phng trnh da vo cc gi thit ca bi ton nu c.
Bc 5: gii cc phng trnh v tnh ton tm ra p n.
6. Mt s bi ton ho hc c th gii nhanh bng phng php bo ton khi
lng, bo ton nguyn t, bo ton e song phng php quy i cng tm ra
p n rt nhanh, chnh xc v l phng php tng i u vit, kt qu ng
tin cy, c th vn dng vo cc bi tp trc nghim phn loi hc sinh (nh
tuyn sinh H-C - 2007 - 2008 m B gio dc v o to ra).
7. Cng thc gii nhanh.
Khi gp bi ton dng st v hn hp st ta p dng cng thc tnh nhanh
sau: Khi p dng cng thc ny th chng ta cn chng minh nh v vn dng
linh hot trong qu ttrnh lm cc bi ton trc nghim (cng thc c chng
minh phng php bo ton e).
a. Trng hp 1: tnh khi lng st ban u trc khi b xi ha thnh m gam
hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n
m (1)
10
+
,
b. Trng hp 2: tnh khi lng m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n
m (2)
7
c. Trng hp 3: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm:
Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch HNO
3
nng d.
3 3 3 3
Fe
Fe( NO ) Fe , Fe( NO )
m
n n ymol m 242.y gam(3)
56

d. Trng hp 4: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam hn hp X gm:
Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng d.
2 4 3 2 4 3
Fe
Fe (SO ) Fe , Fe (SO )
m 1
n .n x mol m 400.x gam(4)
2 112

Ii. Bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B- 2007) Nung m gam bt
st trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht hn hp X trong
dung dch HNO
3
d thot ra 0.56 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m
l:
A. 2.52 gam B. 1.96 gam. C. 3.36 gam. D. 2.10 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe
2
O
3
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,025mol 0,025mol

NO
0, 56
n 0, 025mol
22, 4

2 3
Fe O
m
= 3 - 0,025 .56 = 1,6gam
2 3
Fe( trongFe O )
1, 6
n 2. 0, 02mol
160

m
Fe
= 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam A ng
Ch : Nu
2 3
Fe( trong Fe O )
1, 6
n 0, 01mol
160
m
Fe
= 56.(0,035) = 1,96g B sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3

3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
3.0,025 0,025
m
FeO
= 3.0,025 . 72 = 5,4g
Fe(FeO)
5, 4
n 0, 075mol
72

2 3
Fe O
m
= 3 - 5,4 = -2,4g

2 3
Fe(Fe O )
2.( 2, 4) 4, 8
n 0, 03mol
160 160

m
Fe
= 56 .(0,075 + (-0,03)) = 2,52 gam A ng
Ch : + Kt qu m ta vn tnh bnh thng v y l phng php quy i
+ Nu
2 3
Fe(Fe O )
n 0, 015mol
m
Fe
= 56.0,06 = 3,36g C sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp cht rn X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
3Fe
x
O
y
+ (12x - 2y)HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+(3x-2y)NO + (6x -y)H
2
O
3.0, 025
3x 2y
0,025mol

x y
Fe O
3 3.0, 025
n
56x 16y 3x 2y

+

3 2
Fe O
x 3
m 200
y 2

Fe(oxit )
3.56.3
m 2, 52g
200
A ng
Ch : Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe
3.2.56
m 160 m 2,1g
160
D sai
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.3 56.0, 025.3
m 2, 52gam
10 10
+ +
=> A ng
Bi ton 2: ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2008). Cho 11.36 gam
hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d
thu c 1.344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn
dung dch X sau phn ng c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam. B. 35.50 gam. C. 49.09 gam D. 38.72 gam.
Bi gii.
Cch 1: Quy i hn hp v hai cht: Fe, Fe
2
O
3
Ho tan hn hp vi HNO
3
long d 1,344 lt NO
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O (1)
0,06mol 0,6mol 0,06mol
Fe
2
O
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
(2)
0,05 0,1mol

NO
1, 344
n 0, 06mol;
22, 4

T (1) m
Fe
= 56 . 0,06 = 3,36 g
2 3
Fe O
m 11, 36 3, 36 8g

2 3
Fe O
8
n 0, 05mol
160
m
X
= 242 (0,06 + 0,1) = 38,72g D ng
Cch 2: Quy hn hp v hai cht: FeO, Fe
2
O
3
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
0,18 0,18mol 0,06
Fe
2
O
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
-0,01 -0,02
m
FeO
= 12,96g;
2 3
Fe O
m 1, 6g

3
Fe( NO )3
m 242(0,18 0, 02) 38, 72g +
D ng
Cch 3: Quy hn hp v mt cht Fe
x
O
y
3Fe
x
O
y
+ (12x - 2y)HNO
3
3xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y)NO + (6x-y)H
2
O

3.0, 06
3x 2y

3.x.0, 06
3x 2y
0,06
x y
Fe O
11, 36 0, 06.3
n
56x 16y 3x 2y

+
150x = 160y
x 16
y 15

3 3
Fe( NO )
3.16.0, 06
m .242 38, 72g
3.16 2.15

D ng
Cch 4. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 11.36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
l hn hp ca x
mol Fe v y mol O. Ta c: m
HH
=56x+16y =11,36 (1).
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+

0 2
O 2e O
y 2y
5 2
N 3e N
...0,18 0, 06
+ +
+
p dng LBT E ta c:
e
n 2y 0,18 3x, 3x 2y 0,18 (2) + >
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,16 mol, y=0,15 mol.
3 3 3 3
n n x 0,16mol m 0,16.242 38, 72gam >
, D ng
3 3 3 3
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.11, 36 56.0, 06.3
m 8, 96gam
10 10
8,96
n n 0,16mol m 0,16.242 38, 72gam
56
+ +

=> D ng
Cch 6. Ly cc p n em chia cho khi lng mol ca mui l 242 th cc s
u l nhng ch c p n D l s khng l l 0,16
Bi ton 3: Nung 8.4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4 .
Ho tan m gam hn hp X bng HNO
3
d, thu c
2.24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
Bi gii.
- Cch 1: + S dng phng php quy i,
Quy i hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch
HNO
3
d ta c:
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O:
2
NO
n 0,1mol
0,1/3 0,1
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l:
Fe
8, 4 0,1 0, 35
n (mol)
56 3 3

2 3
Fe O Fe
1 0, 35
n n
2 2.3

Vy
2 3
X Fe Fe O
0,1 0, 35 33, 6
m m m .56 .160 11, 2g
3 6 3
+ + A ng
Ch :
+ Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe X
0, 35 0,35
n n m (56 160) 25, 2g
3 3
+ B sai
+ Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe X
0, 35 0, 35
n 2n 2. m (56 320) 43,87g
3 3
+ C sai
+ Nu khng cn bng pt :
2
Fe NO Fe
8, 4
n n 0,1mol n 0,1 0, 05mol
56

m
X
= 0,05 (56 + 80) = 6,8 D sai
Tt nhin m
X
> 8,4 do vy D l p n v l)
- Cch 2: Quy i hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,1 0,1

Fe
8, 4
n 0,15mol
56

Ta c:
2
2Fe O 2FeO
0,15mol
0,1 0,1mol
+
'
2
2 2 3
h X
4Fe 3O 2Fe O
m 0,1.72 0, 025.160 11, 2g
0, 05 0, 025mol
+

+
;
A ng
Ch : Vn c th quy i hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) hoc (Fe v FeO)
hoc (Fe v Fe
3
O
4
) nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn, c th l ta phi t n s
mol mi cht, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh hai n s).
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x - 2y) HNO
3
xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y) NO
2
+ (3x -y) H
2
O
0,1
3x 2y
mol 0,1mol
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t st:
Fe
8, 4 0,1.x x 6
n
56 3x 2y y 7

Vy cng thc quy i l: Fe

6
O
7
(M = 448) v
6 7
Fe O
0,1
n 0, 025mol
3.6 2.7

m
X
= 0,025 . 448 = 11,2g A ng
Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp hai cht FeO,
Fe
2
O
3
l n gin nht.
hh e Fe e
Fe hh
7.m 56.n 10.m 56.n
m m
10 7
+
> trong m
Fe
l khi lng st, m
hh
l khi
lng ca hn hp cc cht rn st v xit st, n
e
l s mol e trao i. Cng thc
ny c chng minh trong cc phng php bo ton e..
Ta c;
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n 10.8, 4 56.0,1.
m 11, 2gam
7 7

=>A ng
Bi ton 4: Nung m gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ta thu c 11,2
gam hn hp cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ho tan ht 11,2g hn hp cht
rn X vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy
nht. Gi tr m l:
A: 7,28gam B: 5,6gam C: 8,40gam D: 7,40gam
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Tng t nh v d 1, i vi cch 1
- Quy v hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
3 3 3 2 2
Fe 6HNO Fe(NO ) 3NO 3H O
0,1
0,1
3
+ + +
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l:
2 3
Fe Fe O
m 0,1 1 m 0,1
n mol n
56 3 2 56 3
_ _

, ,
Vy m
X
= m
Fe
+
2 3
Fe O
m

0,1 1 m 0,1
11, 2 56. .160
3 2 56 3
_
+

,
m = 8,4 C ng
Cch 2: Tng t cch 2 quy i hn hp X v FeO v Fe
2
O
3
m = 8,4 g
Cch 3: Tng t cch 3 quy i hn hp X v Fe
x
O
y
m = 8,4 g
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.11, 2 56.0,1
m 8, 4gam
10 10
+ +
=> C ng
Bi ton 5: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
trong dung dch
HNO
3
c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c 145,2gam mui khan, gi tr m l:
A: 78,4g B: 139,2g C: 46,4g D: 46,256g
Bi gii:
p dng phng php quy i: Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht
Cch 1: Quy hn hp X v 2 cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng d.
Ta c: Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O (1)
0,2/3 0,2/3 0,2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
Ta c:
2
NO
4, 48
n 0, 2mol
22, 4

;
3 3
Fe( NO )
145, 2
n n 0, 6mol
242

mui khan
T pt (2):
2 3 3 3
Fe O Fe( NO )
1 1 0, 2 0,8
n n 0, 6 (mol)
2 2 3 3
_

,

2
2 3
Fe Fe O
h X
0, 2 0,8
m m n .56 .160 46, 4g
3 3
+ + C ng
Nu 2
2 3
Fe Fe O
h X
m m n 0, 66.56 0, 266.160 46, 256g + +
D sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp X v hn hp 2 cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
3 3 3 2 2
2 3 3 3 3 2
FeO + 4HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O (3)
0,2 0,2 0,2
Fe O + 6HNO 2Fe(NO ) +3H O (4)
0,2mol 0,4mol

3 3
Fe(NO )
145, 2
n 0, 6mol
242
, m
X
= 0,2 (72 + 160) = 46,4gam C ng
Ch : + Nu t (4) khng cn bng
2 3
Fe O
n 0, 4mol

m
X
= 0,2 (72 + 2 . 160) = 78,4 gam A sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x -2y) HNO
3
xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y)NO
2
+ (3x - y) H
2
O

0, 2
3x 2y
0,6 0,2
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe:
0, 2 0, 6
3x 2y x
6y= 8x

x 3
y 4
Fe
3
O
4

2
h
0, 2
m .232 46, 4g
3.3 4.2

C ng
Ch : + Nu m
hh
= 0,6 232 = 139,2 g B sai
3 3
Fe Fe( NO )
145, 2
n n 0, 6mol
242
=> m
Fe
= 0,6.56=33,6 gam
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n 10.33, 6 56.0, 2
m 46, 4gam
7 7

=> C ng
Bi ton 6: Ho tan hon ton 49.6 gam hh X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng
H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 8.96 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Thnh phn
phn trm v khi lng ca oxi trong hn hp X v khi lng mui trong dung dch Y
ln lt l:
A. 20.97% v 140 gam. B. 37.50% v 140 gam.
C. 20.97% v 180 gam D.37.50% v 120 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: + Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
49,6gam
2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
2FeO 4H SO Fe (SO ) SO 4H O
0, 8 0, 4 0, 4mol
Fe O 3H SO Fe (SO ) 3H O
0, 05 0, 05
+ + +

' ;
+ +

2 3
2 3
Fe O
Fe O
m 49, 6 0, 8.72 8g
8
n 0, 05mol
160

n
oxi (X)
= 0,8 + 3.(-0,05) = 0,65mol

O
0, 65.16.100
%m 20, 97%
49, 6

A v C
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m [0, 4 ( 0, 05)).400 140gam +
A ng
Ch : + Nu
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m (0, 4 0, 05).400 180g +
C sai
+ Tng t quy i v hai cht khc
Cch 2. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 49,6 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
l hn hp ca x mol
Fe v y mol O. Ta c: m
HH
=56x+16y =49,6 (1).
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+

0 2
O 2e O
y 2y
6 4
S 2e S
...0,8 0, 4
+ +
+
p dng LBT E ta c:
e
n 2y 0,18 3x, 3x 2y 0,8 (2) + >
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,65 mol.
2 4 3
2 4 3
Fe (SO ) Fe
Fe (SO )
0, 65.16 1
%O 100% 20, 97%, n n 0, 35mol
249, 6 2
m 0, 35.400 140gam A dung

>
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.49, 6 56.0, 4.2
m 39, 2gam
10 10
+ +

49, 6 39, 2
%O .100 20,97%
49, 6

2 4 3 2 4 3
Fe (SO ) Fe Fe (SO )
1 39, 2
n n 0, 35mol, m 0, 35.400 140gam
2 56.2
=> A ng
Bi ton 7: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3,
cn 0,05
mol H
2
. Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c th tch V ml SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V(ml) l:
A.112 ml B. 224 ml C. 336 ml D. 448 ml.
Bi gii:
Cch 1:
Quy i hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol l x, y
Ta c:
0
t
2 2
FeO H Fe H O + +
(1)
x x x
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
2Fe + 3H
2
O (2)
y 3y 2y
T (1) v (2) ta c:
x 3y 0, 05 x 0, 02mol
72x 160y 3, 04 y 0, 01mol
+

' '
+

2FeO + 4 H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O (3)
0,02mol 0,01mol
Vy
2
SO
V
0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt hay 224ml B ng
Ch : Nu (3) khng cn bng:
2
SO
V
= 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt = 448ml D sai
O H2 O
n n 0, 05mol, m 0, 05.16 0,8gam m
Fe
= m
xit
m
O
=2,24 gam =>
e 2
10.22, 4 7.3, 04
n 0, 01mol, Vso 0, 01.22, 4 0, 224lit 224ml
56.2
B ng
Bi ton 8: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vi s mol mi cht l 0.1 mol
ho tan ht vo dung dch Y gm ( HCl, H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh
t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dd Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch
dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no:
A. 50 ml v 6.72 lt B. 100 ml v 2.24 lt.
C. 50 ml v 2.24 lt D. 100 ml v 6.72 lt.
Bi gii:
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
Hn hp X gm: Fe
3
O
4
mol: Fe(0,2mol) + dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O (1)
0,2mol 0,2 0,4mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
(2)
0,1 0,1
D
2
Z (Fe
2+
: 0,3mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(3)
2 3
3 2
3Fe NO 4H 3Fe NO 2H O
+ + +
+ + + + (4)
0,3 0,1 0,1
V
NO
= 0,1 22,4 = 2,24 lt;
3 2
3
Cu( NO )
NO
1
n n 0, 05mol
2

2
3 2
d Cu( NO )
0, 05
n 0, 05
1
lt (hay 50ml) C ng
Ch : + Nu
3 2 3 2
3
Cu(NO ) Cu( NO )
NO
n n 0,1mol V 100ml

B sai
+ T (4) nu khng cn bng: V
NO
= 0,3 22,4 = 6,72 lt A sai
Bi ton 9: Nung x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c
63,2 gam hn hp cht rn. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn trn

bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca x mol l:
A. 0,7 mol B. 0,3mol C. 0,45 mol D. 0,8 mol
Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn l hn hp ca x mol Fe , 0,15 mol Cu v y mol O.
Ta c: m
HH
=56x + 64.0,15 +16y=63,2
56x+16y=53,6 (1)
0 3 0 2
Fe 3e Fe Cu 2e Cu
x 3x 0,15 0, 3
+ +

0 2
O 2e O
y 2y
6 4
S 2e S
...0, 6 0, 3
+ +
+
p dng LBT E ta c:
e
n 3x 0, 3 0, 6 2y, 3x 2y 0, 3 (2) + + >
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,9 mol. A ng
Bi ton 10. Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS , FeS
2
, v S bng HNO
3
nng d thu c 9,072 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht )
v dung dch Y. Chia dung dch Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d thu c 5,825 gam kt ta trng.
Phn 2 tan trong dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Z, nung Z trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l:
A. 5,52 gam v 2,8 gam. B. 3,56 gam v 1,4 gam.
C. 2,32 gam v 1,4 gam D. 3,56 gam v 2,8 gam.
Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn X l hn hp ca x mol Fe u v y mol S.
Qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x x
+

0 6
S 6e S
y 6y y
+

5 4
N 1e N
...0, 405 0, 405mol
+ +
+
p dng LBT E ta c:
2
e NO
9, 072
n 3x 6y n 0, 405mol, 3x 6y 0, 405 (1)
22, 4
+ > +
Mt khc trong 1/2 dung dch Y:
0
2
4
3
3OH t
2
3 3
6
Ba 2
4 4
BaSO
Fe Fe(OH) (Z) Fe O
x x
mol ................................ mol
2 4
S(SO ) BaSO
y y
mol..................... mol
2 2
y 5,825
n 0, 025mol y 0, 05mol
2 233
+
+
+

>
Thay vo (1) ta c x=0,035 mol
m = m
X
=56x+32y=56.0,035+32.0,05=3,56 gam
2 3
Fe O
x 0, 035
a m .160 .160 1, 4gam
4 4
=> B ng.
iii. bi tp t gii
Bi 1: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
thu -
c 2.24 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng c
96.8 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
Bi 2: Ho tan 52.2 gam hh X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
c, nng
thu c 3.36 lt kh NO
2
(ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr m l:
Bi 3: Vo th k XVII cc nh khoa hc ly c mt mu st nguyn cht t
cc mnh v ca thin thch. Sau khi em v phng th nghim do bo qun
khng tt nn n b oxi ha thnh m gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc xit ca n.
xc nh khi lng ca mu st th cc nh khoa hc cho m gam cht rn
X trn vo vo dung dch HNO
3
long thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch mui
Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 48,4 gam cht rn khan. Mu thin thch
bng st nguyn cht c khi lng l:
A. 11,2gam. B. 5,6 gam C. 16,8 gam D. 8,4 gam
Bi 4: Vo th k XIX cc nh khoa hc ly c mt mu st nguyn cht t
cc mnh v ca thin thch. Sau khi em v phng th nghim cc nh khoa hc
ly 2,8 gam Fe trong ng th nghim khng y np kn n b xi ha
thnh m gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc xit ca n. Cho m
1
gam cht rn X trn
vo vo dung dch HNO
3
long thu c 896 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung
dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng m
2
gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 72,6 gam B. 12,1 gam. C. 16,8 gam D. 72,6
gam
2. gi tr ca m
1
l:
A. 6,2gam. B. 3,04 gam. C. 6,68 gam D. 8,04 gam
Bi 5: mt chic kim bng st lu ngy b oxi ha, sau ngi ta cn c 8,2
gam st v cc xit st cho ton b vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng thu c
4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch
mui Y thu c m gam mui khan.
1. khi lng chic kim bng st l:
A. 6,86 gam. B. 3,43 gam. C. 2,42 gam D. 6.26
gam
2. gi tr ca m gam mui l:
A. 29,645 gam. B. 29,5724 gam. C. 31,46 gam D. 29,04 gam
Bi 6: Cc nh khoa hc ly m
1
gam mt mnh v thin thach bng st nguyn
cht do bo qun khng tt nn n b oxi ha thnh m
2
gam cht rn X gm Fe v
cc xit ca n. xc nh khi lng ca mu st th cc nh khoa hc cho
m
2
gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 6,72 lt kh NO
duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 121
gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca l: m
1
A. 28 gam B. 56 gam. C. 84 gam D. 16,8 gam
2. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 32,8 gam. B. 65,6 gam. C. 42,8 gam D. 58,6
gam
Bi 7: cc nh thm him tm thy mt cht rn b g st di i dng, sau
khi a mu g st xc nh khi lng st trc khi b oxi ha th ngi ta cho
16 gam g st vo vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng d thu c 3,684 lt kh
NO
2
duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui X, c cn dung dch mui X cn nng m
gam cht rn khan.
1. khi lng st ban u l:
A. 11,200 gam B. 12,096 gam. C. 11,760 gam D. 12,432 gam
2. gi tr ca m l:
A. 52,514 gam. B. 52,272 gam. C. 50,820 gam D. 48,400 gam
Bi 8: cho 12,096 gam Fe nung trong khng kh thu c m
1
gam cht rn X gm
Fe v cc xit ca n. Cho m
1
gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c
nng thu c 1,792 lt kh SO
2
duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung
dch mui Y cn nng m
2
gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca m
1
l:
A. 14 gam B. 16 gam. C. 18 gam D. 22,6 gam
2. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 43,6 gam. B. 43,2 gam. C. 42,0 gam D. 46,8
gam
Bi 9: Sau khi khai thc qung bxit nhm c ln cc tp cht: SiO
2
, Fe, cc oxit
ca Fe. loi b tp cht ngi ta cho qung vo dung dch NaOH c nng d
thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan Y. xc nh m gam cht
rn khng tan chim bao nhiu phn trmtng qung ta cho m gam cht rn
vo dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch
mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 121 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca l
m
1
A. 32,8 gam B. 34,6 gam. C. 42,6 gam D. 36,8
gam
Bi 10: Ha tan hon ton mt xit st Fe
x
O
y
bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng
thu c 2,24 lt kh SO
2
duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch
mui Y cn nng 120 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca xit st l:
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. Khng xc nh c
Bi 11: Nung y mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp A
gm 4 cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st. ha tan ht lng hn hp A trn bng dung
dch HNO
3
long d thu c 672 ml kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui. Gi
tr ca l y:
A. 0.21 mol B. 0,232 mol. C. 0,426 mol D. 36,8 mol
Bi 12: Ha tan m gam hn hp X bn cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st bng dung
dch HNO
3
d thu c 4,48 lit kh NO
2
duy nht(ktc) v 145,2 gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca l m gam:
A. 44 gam B. 46,4 gam. C. 58 gam D. 22 gam
Bi 13. t chy hon ton 6,48 gam hn hp X gm: FeS , FeS
2
, S, Cu, CuS,
FeCu
2
S
2
th cn 2,52 lt xi v thy thot ra 1,568 lt(ktc) SO
2
, mt khc cho
6,48 gam X tc dng dung dch HNO
3
nng d thu c V lt kh mu nu duy
nht (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi
dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c m gam kt ta trng.
Gi tr ca V v m ln lt l:
A. 13,44 lt v 23,44 gam. B. 8,96 lt v 15,60 gam.
C. 16,80 lt v 18,64 gam. D. 13,216 lt v 23,44 gam.
Cha kha vng 2. PHNG PHP TH
I. c s l thuyt
Chng ta thng gp cc dng bi ton khi cho oxit axit CO
2
, SO
2
tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)
2
hay Ba(OH)
2
thu c mui, kt ta, cng l
nhng dng bi ton kh v c nhiu trng hp xy ra trong bi ton. gii nhanh
i vi nhng dng bi ton ny ti xin trnh by phng php v cng thc gii
nhanh dng bi ton cho oxit axit CO
2
hoc SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
hoc Ba(OH)
2
thu c kt ta.
1. Dng bi ton cho oxit axit CO
2
, SO
2
tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
,
Ba(OH)
2
thu c kt ta.
a. iu kin bi ton:
Tnh s mol hay th tch Oxit axit CO
2
khi bit
2
Ca(OH)
n v
3
CaCO
n , tuy
nhin ty thuc vo bi ton m c th vn dng khi bit 2 thng s v tm
thng s cn li. Nh cho bit s mol
2
CO
n
v s mol
2
Ca(OH)
n
. Tnh khi lng kt
ta
3
CaCO
m
. Ta c cc phn ng ha hc c th xy ra nh sau:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(3)
b. Phng php v th:
Dng bi ton ny ngoi gii phng php thng thng ti xin gii thiu ph-
ng php th sau rt ra bn cht ca bi ton bng cng thc gii nhanh.
Gii thiu v cch v th nh sau:
Gi s cho bit s mol
2
Ca(OH)
n a mol
. T trc tung (Oy) ca ta
( hnh v ) chn mt im c gi tr l a. T trc honh (Ox) ca ta ( hnh v
) chn hai im c gi tr a v 2a. Sau ti im c gi tr a ca trc Ox v ti
im c gi tr a ca trc Oy k vung gc v chng giao nhau ti im A. T
im giao nhau ca A(a,a) ta ni vi to O(0,0) v im (2a,0) ta c 1 tam
gic vung cn nh l A. Gi s cho bit s mol kt ta
3
CaCO
n b mol
.Trong
0< b <a . Ly mt im c gi tr l b ( hnh v) trn trc tung Oy. K mt -
ng thng song song vi trc honh ct trc tung ti im c gi tr l a. ng
thng song song ny s ct tam gic vung cn ( hnh v) ti hai im. T hai
im h vung gc vi trc honh Ox th ta s c 2 im trn trc honh Ox c
gi tr l n
1
v n
2
cng chnh l s mol CO
2
chng ta cn tm. Nh vy s mol
CO
2
tham gia phn ng c th xy ra 2 trng hp: gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht
tng ng l:
+ Trng hp 1:
2
min CO
n n
= n
1
mol.
+ Trng hp 2:
2
max CO
n n
= n
2
mol.
A
b
0,25 0,3 0,5
CaCO
3 y
CO
2
a
n
1
a
n
2
2a
CO
2(min) 2
3
Ca(OH)
CaCO
n mol bmol
n a mol
n b mol
mol 2a bmol
>
'

2(max)
1
CO 2
=n
n =n
T phng php trn th bn cht ca dang bi ton ny chnh l cng thc
gii nhanh sau rt ph hp vi phng php trc nghim nh hin nay:
2(min) CO
2(min)
2(max)
CO
CO
V n 22, 4 (lit)
V (2a b).22, 4 (lit)
>

2(max)
CO
.22,4=b.
=n .22,4
Trong b l s mol kt ta CaCO
3
, a l s mol Ca(OH)
2
.
3. bi ton p dng
Bi ton 1: ( Trch cu 5 trang 119. tit 39- 40 bi 26: kim loi kim th v hp
cht ca kim loi kim th. SGK ban c bn).
Cho 2,8 gam CaO tc dng vi mt lng nc d thu c ung dch A. Sc 1,68
lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch A:
a. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c.
b. Khi un nng dung dch A th khi lng kt ta thu c l bao nhiu?
Bi gii

2
2
CaO 2 2
CO
Ca
2,8
n 0, 05mol, CaO H O Ca(OH)
56
1, 68
n 0, 05mol, n 0, 075mol
22, 4
+
+

Khi sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch nc vi trong Ca(OH)
2
ta c cc phng
trnh phn ng xy ra:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Khi un nng dung dch ta c phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (3)
p dng phng php th ta c:
a. Khi lng kt ta thu c l:
Da vo th ta c :
3
CaCO
n 0, 025 mol
=>
3
CaCO
m 0, 025.100 2, 5 gam
b. Cch 1: Nu khi un nng th xy ra phng trnh (3).
3
CaCO
n
2
CO
n
0,05
0,02
5
0,
1
0,075
0,05
0.025
0,25 0,3 0,5
T (1) ta c:
2 3
CO CaCO
n n 0, 025 mol
T(2) =>
2(pt 2) 2 2(pt1)
3 2 2
CO CO CO
Ca(HCO ) CO
n n n 0, 075 0, 025 0, 05 mol,
1
n n 0, 025 mol
2

T(3) :
3 3 2 3
CaCO Ca(HCO ) CaCO
n n 0, 025 mol m 100.0, 025 2, 5 gam >
Nh vy khi un nng khi lng kt ta thu c ti a l:
m=2,5 + 2,5 = 5 gam.
Cch 2: p dng cng thc tinh nhanh
2
CO
n x 2y +
S mol kh CO
2
v s mol kt ta x bit, vn by gi l tm gi tr y mol.
Thay gi tr vo ta c
2
2
CO
CO
n x
0, 075 0, 025
n x 2y y 0, 025mol
2 2

+ >
nh vy
tng s mol kt ta
3 CaCO
3
CaCO
n x y 0, 025 0, 025 0, 05mol, m 0, 05.100 5 gam + + >
Bi ton 2: ( Trch cu 2 trang 132. tit 43 bi 28: Luyn tp: Tnh cht ca kim
loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. SGK ban c bn).
Sc 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)
2
. Khi l-
ng gam kt ta thu c l:
A. 10 gam B. 15 gam. C. 20 gam. D. 25 gam.
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: gii thng thng:
2 2
2
OH
CO Ca(OH)
CO
n
6, 72 0, 5
n 0, 3mol , n 0, 25mol,1 2
22, 4 n 0, 3
< <
xy ra 2 phng trnh:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol CO
2
ca phng trnh (1) v (2). Ta c h phng trnh:
x y 0, 3
y
x 0, 25
2
+
'
+
Gii h phng trnh ta c: x=0,2 mol, y= 0,1 mol.

3
CaCO
m 0, 2.100 20 gam
, p n ng l C.
Cch 2: p dng phng php th:
3
CaCO
m 0, 2.100 20 gam
, p n ng l C.
Nhn xt:
2
CO
n
0,25
0,25 0,3 0,5
3
CaCO
n
0,2
- Nu p dng cch thng thng th hc sinh phi xc nh c to ra 1 hay 2
mui.
- Nu
2
OH
CO
n
1 2
n

< <
th kt lun to 2 mui.
- Nu hc sinh vi vng lm bi m khng t duy th t phng trnh (1) =>
3 2 3
CaCO Ca(OH) CaCO
n n 0, 25 mol m 100.0, 25 25 gam >
Nh vy kt qu p n D l sai.
- Do vy hc sinh p dng gii cch 2 rt ph hp vi phng php trc
nghim, p n chnh xc, thi gian ngn hn.
Cch 3: Ta c:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
0.25mol 0,25mol 0,25mol
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
0,05mol0,05 mol
=>
3 3
CaCO CaCO
n 0, 25 0, 05 0, 2mol m 100.0, 2 20gam >
p n ng l C.
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh:
3
CaCO
(2a b) 2. n
2(max) 2
CO Ca(OH)
n n
=>
3 3
CaCO CaCO
n 2.0, 25 0,3 0, 2 mol m 100.0, 2 20 gam >
p n ng l C.
Bi ton 3: ( Trch cu 6 trang 132. tit 43 bi 28: Luyn tp: Tnh cht ca kim
loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. SGK ban c bn).
Sc a mol CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
thu dc 3 gam kt ta, lc tch kt
ta dung dch cn li mang un nng thu c 2 gam kt ta na. Gi tr a mol l:
A: 0,05 mol B: 0,06 mol C: 0,07 mol D: 0,08 mol
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (3)
T (1) =>
3 2 3
CaCO CO CaCO
n 0, 03mol n n 0, 03mol >
T (3) khi un nng
3 3 2 3
CaCO Ca(HCO ) CaCO
n 0, 02mol n n 0, 02mol >
T (2) =>
2 3 2 2
CO Ca(HCO ) CO
n 2n 0, 02.2 0, 04mol, n 0, 04 0, 03 0, 07mol +
p n ng l C.
Gi s
2
Ca(OH)
n x mol
3
CaCO
n
2
CO
n
xmol
0,03
2x
m
ol
x
mol
0,03
2
CO
n 0, 03mol
, khi un nng

2 3 2
CO CaCO CO
n 2n 0, 04mol, n 0, 04 0, 03 0, 07mol +
p n ng l C.
Nu chng ta gp mt bi ton khi cho oxit axit CO
2
tc dng vi dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
hay Ba(OH)
2
thu c x mol kt ta v sau un nng thu c y mol
kt ta na th p dng cng thc tnh nhanh sau,
2
CO
n x 2y +
thay
gi tr vo ta c
2
CO
n x 2y 0, 03 2.0, 02 0, 07 mol + +
=> p n ng
l C.
Bi ton 4: ( Trch cu 9 trang 168. bi 31: mt s hp cht quan trong ca kim
loi kim th , SGK ban nng cao).
Cho 10 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm CO
2
v N
2
tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
nng 0,02M thu c 1 gam cht kt ta. Hy xc nh thnh phn %
theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp u.
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Phng php thng thng.
Khi sc hn hp kh ch c CO
2
tham gia phn ng, phng trnh phn ng
xy ra:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)

2
Ca(OH)
n 2.0, 02 0, 04 mol
T (1)
2 3 2
CO CaCO CO
1
n n 0, 01 mol V 0, 01.22, 4 0, 224 lit
100
>
C hai trng hp xy ra:
+ Trng hp 1: Ch xy ra phng trnh (1)
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2
CO
0, 224
%V .100% 2, 24%
10

+ Trng hp 2: To 2 mui
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
T (1) v (2)
2 2 2
CO Ca(OH) CO
tu(2) n 2n 2.0, 03 0, 06mol, n 0, 06 0, 01 0, 07mol > +

2
CO
0, 07.22, 4
%V .100 15, 68 %
10

Kt lun: - Nu %CO
2
=2,24 % => %N
2
=97,76 %
- Nu %CO
2
=15,68 % => %N
2
=84,32 %
T th thu c s mol CO
2
c 2 gi tr:

2 2
2 2
CO CO
CO CO
0, 01.22, 4
n 0, 01 mol %V .100 2, 24 %
10
0, 07.22, 4
n 0, 07 mol %V .100 15, 68 %
10
Kt lun: - Nu %CO
2
=2,24 % => %N
2
=97,76 %
- Nu %CO
2
=15,68 % => %N
2
=84,32 %
Nhn xt: - Qua 2 cch gii ta thy phng php thng thng gii phc tp hn
nhiu, mt nhiu thi gian, nu khng cn thn s thiu trng hp , dn ti kt qu
sai l khng th trnh khi.
- Phng php th gii nhanh v gon, khng phi vit phng trnh phn
ng, ch v th ta thy c 2 trng hp xy ra, n rt ph hp vi phng php trc
nghim nh hin nay.
Bi ton 5: ( Trch thi tt nghip THPT nm 2007). Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt
SO
2
( ktc) vo dung dch cha 16 gam NaOH thu c dung dch X. Khi lng
mui tan thu c trong dung dch X l:
A: 18,9 gam B: 25,2 gam C: 23 gam D: 20,8 gam
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Thng thng:
2
NaOH
SO
n
2
n

to mui Na
2
SO
3
SO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
O
0,2 0,4 0,2

2 3
Na SO
m 0, 2.126 25, 2 gam
B l p n ng
+ Cch 2: p dng phng php th
0,0
1
3
CaCO
n
2
CO
n
0,04
0,01
0,0
8
0,07
O
0,04
Na
2
SO
3
2
SO
n
0,4
0,2
0,4
0,8

0,2
T th: s mol ca mui Na
2
SO
3
= 0,2 mol. Nn ta c
2 3
Na SO
m 0, 2.126 25, 2 gam
B l p n ng
Bi ton 6: (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng -i hc Khi A nm 2007).
Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng a
mol/l thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A: 0,032 mol/l B: 0,06 mol/l C: 0,04 mol/l D: 0,048 mol/l
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Gii bng phng php thng thng:
2 3
CO BaCO
2, 688 15, 76
n 0,12 mol; n 0, 08 mol
22, 4 197

CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
0,08 0,08 0,08 mol
2CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
0,04 0,02 mol
T (1) v (2)
2
Ba(OH)
n 0, 08 0, 02 0,1mol +
Ba(OH)
2
M
0,1
C 0, 04 M
2, 5

C l p n ng
+ Cch 2: p dng phng php th ta c:
2 3
CO BaCO
2, 688 15, 76
n 0,12 mol, n 0, 08 mol
22, 4 197

2
Ba(OH)
0,1
n 2, 5a mol 0,1mol a 0, 04 mol / lit
2, 5

C l ng
3
BaCO
n
2
CO
n
2,5 a
0,08
0,08
5a
0.1
2
O
2,5a
3
BaCO
(2a b) 2. n
2(max) 2
CO Ba(OH)
n n
2 Ba ( OH)
2
Ba(OH) M
0,12 0, 08 0,1
n 0,1 mol C 0, 04M
2 2, 5
+

p n ng l C.
Bi ton 7: (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng -i hc Khi A nm 2008). Hp
th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH
0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m gam l:
A: 11,82 gam B: 9,85 gam C: 17,73 gam D: 19,70
gam
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: Phng php thng thng
2 2
CO NaOH Ba(OH)
n 0, 2mol; n 0, 5.0,1 0, 05mol; n 0, 5.0, 2 0,1mol
2
OH
OH
CO
n
n 0, 05 0,1.2 0, 25mol; 1 1, 25 2
n

+ < <
to 2 mui
2 3
2
2 3 2
CO OH HCO (1)
x x x
CO 2OH CO H O (2)
y 2y y

+
'
+ +
x y 0, 2
x 2y 0, 25
+
'
+

3
2
3
x 0,15(HCO )
y 0, 05(CO )
'
Phng trnh to kt ta l:
3
2 2
3 3 BaCO
Ba CO BaCO m 0, 05.197 9,85 gam
0, 05 0, 05
+
+
B l ng
+Cch2: p dng phng php th:
2 2
CO NaOH Ba(OH)
n 0, 2 mol, n 0, 5.0,1 0, 05 mol.n 0, 5.0, 2 0,1 mol
Ta c: CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
0,025 0,05 0,025mol
Nh vy:
2 2 3 2
CO Na CO Ba(OH)
n 0,175mol; n 0, 025mol; n 0,1mol
d

3
BaCO
n 0, 025 0, 025 0, 05 mol +

3
BaCO
m 0, 05.197 9,85 gam
B l p n ng
Bi ton 8: Cho V lt CO
2
(ktc) hp th ht vo 200ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
2M,
kt thc phn ng thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 4,48 lt B: 13,44 lt
C: 2,24 lt hoc 6,72 lt D: 4,48 lt hoc 13,44 lt
3
BaCO
n
2
CO
n
0,1
0,025
0,2 0,175
O
0,1
0,1 0,15 0,2 0,3
Bi gii:
Ta c:
2 3
Ca(OH) CaCO
20
n 0, 4 mol; n 0, 2 mol
100

- Trng hp 1: Ch to mui CaCO
3
:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
2
CO
V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48lit
0,2 0,2 0,2
- Trng hp 2: To hai mui: CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
:
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
0,4 0,2

2 2
CO CO
n 0, 6 mol V 0, 6.22, 4 13, 44 lit
D l p n ng
T th ta thy s mol kh CO
2
c 2 trng hp:

2
2
CO
CO
n 0, 2 mol
n 0, 6 mol
=>
2
2
CO
CO
V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48 lit
V 0, 6.22, 4 13, 44 lit

D l p n ng
2(min) CO
2(min)
2(max)
CO
CO
V n 22, 4 0, 2 22, 4 4, 48(lit)
V (2a b).22, 4 (2.0, 4 0, 2).22, 4 13, 44 (lit)

2(max)
CO
.22,4=b. .
=n .22,4
D l
p n ng.
Bi ton 9: Cho V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) hp th ht vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,7 M. Kt thc phn ng thu c 4gam kt ta. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 4,48 lt B: 13,44 lt
Bi gii:
- Trng hp 1: Ch to mui CaCO
3
nn xy ra phn ng:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
2 3 2
CO CaCO CO
n n 0, 04 mol; V 0, 04.22, 4 0,896
lt
+ Trng hp 2: To hai mui CaCO
3
v Ca(HCO
3
)
2
nn xy ra phn ng:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
0,04 0,04 0,04mol
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
3
CaCO
n
2
CO
n
0,4
0,2
0,8
0,6
0,4 0,2
0,1 0,15 0,2 0,3
2.0,03 0,03 0,03mol
2 2
CO CO
n 0, 04 2.0, 03 0,1 mol V 0,1.22, 4 2, 24 +
lt C l p n ng
+ Cch2: p dng phng php th
2
2
CO
CO
V 0, 04.22, 4 0,896 lit
V 0,1.22, 4 2, 24 lit

C l p n ng
2(min) CO
2(min)
2(max)
CO
CO
V n 22, 4 0, 04 22, 4 0,896(lit)
V (2a b).22, 4 (2.0, 07 0, 04).22, 4 2, 24 (lit)

2(max)
CO
.22,4=b. .
=n .22,4

C l p n ng
Bi ton 10: Sc V lt kh CO
2
(ktc)vo 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M. Sau
phn ng thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr V lt l:
A: 3,36 lt hoc 4,48 lt B: 2,24 lt hoc 3,36 lt
Bi gii:
2 3
Ba(OH) BaCO
19, 7
n 0,15 mol; n 0,1 mol
197


3
CaCO
n
2
CO
n
0,07
0,
1
0,07
0,04 0,14
2
CO
n
0,15
0,1 0,15 0,2 0,3
3
BaCO
n
0,1
0,06 0,08 0,1 0,16
T th thu c
3
CaCO
n 0,1mol
th s mol CO
2
s c hai gi tr
2
CO
n 0,1mol
hoc
2
CO
n 0, 2mol

2
2
CO
CO
V 0,1.22, 4 2, 24 lit
V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48 lit

C l p n ng
2(min) CO
2(min)
2(max)
CO
CO
V n 22, 4 0,1 22, 4 2, 24(lit)
V (2a b).22, 4 (2.0,15 0,1).22, 4 4, 48 (lit)

2(max)
CO
.22,4=b. .
=n .22,4
C l p n ng
Ch :
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0,1
hoc 0,5 mol
2
CO
V
= 2,24 lt hoc 3,36 lt B sai
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0,15
hoc 0,3 mol
2
CO
V
= 3,36 lt hoc 6,72 lt D sai
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0,15
hoc 0,2 mol
2
CO
V
= 3,36 lt hoc 4,48 lt A sai
Bi ton 11: Hp th hon ton V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,01M th c 1gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V lt l:
A. 0,224 lt hoc 0,448 lt B. 0,448 lt hoc 0,672 lt
C. 0,448 lt hoc 1,792 lt D. 0,224 lt hoc 0,672 lt
Bi gii:
2 3
Ca(OH) CaCO
1
n 2.0, 01 0, 02 mol; n 0, 01 mol
100

T th thu c
3
CaCO
n 0, 01 mol
th s mol CO
2
s c hai gi tr
2
CO
n 0, 01 mol
hoc
2
CO
n 0, 03 mol
0,06 0,08 0,1 0,16
2
CO
n
0,02
3
CaCO
n
0,01
0,01 0,02 0,03
0,04

2
2
CO
CO
V 0, 01.22, 4 0, 224 lit
V 0, 03.22, 4 0, 672 lit

D l p n ng
Ch :
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0, 01
hoc 0,02 mol V = 0,224 hoc 0,448 lt A sai
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0, 02
hoc 0,03 mol V = 0,448 hoc 0,672 lt B sai
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0, 02
hoc 0,04 mol V = 0,448 hoc 1,792 lt C sai
Bi ton 12: t chy hon ton 1,6 gam bt lu hunh ri cho sn phm chy sc
hon ton vo 200ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,5M. Khi lng gam kt ta thu c l:
A: 21,70 gam B: 43,40 gam
C: 10,85 gam D: 32,55 gam
Bi gii:
p dng phng php th: S + O
2
= SO
2
2 2
SO S Ba(OH)
1, 6
n n 0, 05 mol; n 0, 2.0, 5 0,1 mol
32

T th s mol SO
2
= 0,05 mol

3
BaSO
n 0, 05 mol

3
BaSO
m 0, 05.217 10,85 gam
C l p n ng.
Bi ton 13: Sc 4,48 lt kh (ktc) gm CO
2
v N
2
vo bnh cha 0,08 mol nc
vi trong thu c 6 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch kh CO
2
trong hn hp u c
th l:
A: 30% hoc 40% B: 30% hoc 50%
C: 40% hoc 50% D: 20% hoc 60%
Bi gii:
2
2 3
Ca(OH) CaCO
h
6 4, 48
n 0, 08 mol.n 0, 06 mol, n 0, 2 mol
100 22, 4

kh
+ C ch 1 : p dng phng php th:
2
SO
n
0,1
3
B a S O
n
0,05
O 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2
2
CO
n
0,08
0,06 0,08 0,1 0,16
3
CaCO
n
0,06
T th thu c 0,06 mol kt ta th s mol CO
2
c 2 gi tr:

2
2
CO 2
CO 2
0, 06
n 0, 06 mol %VCO .100 30 %
0, 2
0,1
n 0,1 mol %VCO .100 50 %
0, 2
B l p n ng
Do
3 2
CaCO Ca(OH)
n 0, 06 mol n 0, 08 mol <
nn c hai trng hp
- Trng hp 1: Ca(OH)
2
d:
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
2 3 2
CO CaCO CO
0, 06
n n 0, 06 mol %V .100% 30 %
0, 2

- Trng hp 2: To 2 mui
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (1)
0,06 0,06 0,06
2CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(2)
0,04 0,02
T (1) v (2)
2
CO
n 0, 06 0, 04 0,1 mol +

2
CO
0,1
%V .100 50 %
0, 2

B l p n ng
Ch :
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0, 06
hoc 0,08 mol
2
CO
%V 30%
hoc 40 % A sai
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0, 08
hoc 0,1 mol
2
CO
%V 40%
hoc 50 % C sai
+ Nu
2
CO
n 0, 04
hoc 0,12 mol
2
CO
%V 20%
hoc 60 % D sai
4. Dng bi ton khi cho mui Al
3+
tc dng vi dung dch kim thu c
kt ta:
+ iu kin: Tnh
OH
n
bit 3
Al
n
+ v
3
Al(OH)
n
:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(1)
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ 2H
2
O (2)
3
2 2
Al 4OH AlO 2H O
+
+ + (3)
+ Cch v th:
T trc x chn hai im 3a v 4a, t trc y chn mt im a ti im 3a
ca trc x v a ca trc y k vung gc v chng giao nhau ti im A. T A ni vi
to O v 4a ta c tam gic: Vi s mol kt ta t trc y ct tam gic mt
hoc hai im. Ti k vung gc vi trc x ta c s mol OH
-
3
3
Al(OH)
Al
1 2
OH
n bmol
n a mol
n x , x
+
'
x
1
+. Cng thc gii nhanh c rt ra t th trn:
Nu bi ton yu cu tnh s mol hay th tch ca dung dch kim OH
-
nu bit
s mol kt ta
3
Al(OH)
n bmol

v s mol ca 3
Al
n a mol
+

hoc ngc li th ta
p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
OH
(min)
OH
(max)
n
n .
=3.bmol
=(4.a- b)mol
5. Dng bi ton khi cho mui
2
AlO
tc dng vi dung dch axit thu c

kt ta:
+ iu kin: Tnh
H
n
+ bit
2
AlO
n
v
3
Al(OH)
n
:
2 2 3
AlO H H O Al(OH)
+
+ + (1)
3
3 2
Al(OH) 3H Al 3H O
+ +
+ + (2)
3
2 2
AlO 4H Al 3H O
+ +
+ + (3)
+ Cch v th:
T trc x chn hai im a v 4a, t trc y chn mt im a. Ti im a ca
trc x v a ca trc y k vung gc v chng giao nhau ti im A. T A ni vi to
Al(OH)
3
OH
-
a
3a
x
2
b
4a
A
O v 4a ta c tam gic. Vi s mol kt ta t trc y ct tam gic mt hoc
hai im ti k vung gc vi trc x ta c s mol H
+
3
2
Al(OH)
AlO
1 2
H
n bmol
n a mol
n x , x (mol)
'
+. Cng thc gii nhanh c rt ra t th trn:

Nu bi ton yu cu tnh s mol hay th tch ca dung dch axit H
+
nu bit s
mol kt ta
3
Al(OH)
n bmol

v s mol ca
2
AlO
n a mol

hoc ngc li th ta p
dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
H
(min)
H
(max)
n
n .
+
+
=bmol
=(4.a-3.b)mol
+ Kt lun: S dng cng thc gii nhanh s gip gii cc bi ton trc nghim
nhanh hn v khng mt nhiu thi gian trong vic gii cc dng bi ton ny.
Bi ton 14: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H- C - KB - 2007). Cho 200ml dung
dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l
15,6 gam, gi tr ln nht ca V lt l:
A: 1,2 B: 1,8 C: 2 D: 2,4
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th ta c:
3
3
AlCl
Al
n n 0, 2.1, 5 0, 3mol
+

,
3
Al(OH)
15, 6
n 0, 2mol
78

NaOH
NaOH
0, 6
n 0, 6mol V 1, 2lit
0, 5
1
n 1mol V 2lit
0, 5
gi tr ln nht l 2 lt C ng.
3
Al(OH)
n
-
OH
n
0,
3
0,
3
1
0,
2
1,
2
Al
3+
0,
6
0,
9
Al(OH)
3
H
+
a
x
1
x
2
A
b
4a
+ Cch 2: Gii bng phng php thng thng.
+ Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
OH
(max)
NaOH(max)
1
n (4.0, 3 0, 2) 1 V 2lit
0, 5
> =(4.a- b) mol

. C ng
Bi ton 15: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H-C - KA 2008). Cho V lt dung
dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1mol H
2
SO
4
n khi
phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c l-
ng kt ta trn l:
A: 0,05 B: 0,25 C: 0,35 D: 0,45
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th:
3
2 4 2 4 3 3
H SO Al (SO ) Al(OH)
Al
7,8
n 0,1mol; n 2n 0, 2mol; n 0,1mol
78
+

Trn th
OH
n 0, 7mol

mt khc trung ho 0,1mol H
2
SO
4
th cn 0,2mol OH
-

NaOH NaOH
OH
0, 9
n n 0, 2 0, 7 0, 9mol V 0, 45
2
+ lt D ng
+ Cch 2: Phng php thng thng.Tac:
3
OH H Al
n 2V(mol); n 0, 2mol; n 0, 2mol
+ +

Th t phn ng xy ra trung ho trao i
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O (1)
0,2 0,2 0,2
3OH
-
+ Al
3+
Al(OH)
3
(2)
0,6 0,2 0,2
- -
3 2 2
OH + Al(OH) AlO +2H O (3)
0,1 0,1 0,1
T (1), (2), (3)
OH
n 0, 2 0, 6 0,1 0, 9
+ +
2V = 0,9 V = 0,45 lt
+ Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
2 4
OH
(max)
H SO NaOH(max)
0, 9
n 2.n (4.0, 2 0,1) 0, 2 0, 9 V 0, 45lit
2
+ + > =(4.a- b) mol .

C ng.
Al(OH)
3
OH
n

0,
2
0,
3
0,
6
A
0,
8
0,
1
O
0,
7
Bi ton 16: Cho 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56
gam kt ta v dung dch X. Nng M ca dung dch NaOH l:
A: 0,6 B: 1,2 C: 2,4 D: 3,6
Bi gii:
+ Cch 1: p dng phng php th:
2 4 3
Al (SO )
3, 42
n 0, 01mol;
342

3
Al(OH)
1,56
n 0, 02mol
78

OH
n 0, 06mol

M.NaOH
0, 06
C 1, 2M
0, 05

B ng
+ Cch 2: - TH1: OH
-
thiu nn xy ra phn ng: Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
3 3
Al(OH) NaOH Al(OH)
OH
1, 56
n 0, 02mol; n n 3n 0, 06mol
78

NaOH
M
0, 06
C 1, 2M
0, 05

B ng
- TH2: OH
-
d ho tan mt phn kt ta nn xy ra phn ng:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(1)
0,02 0,06 0,02
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
-
AlO
-
2
+ 2H
2
O (2)
3
2 4 3
Al (SO )
Al
n 2n 0, 02mol
+

3
Al(OH)
n
b ho tan = 0,02 - 0,02 = 0 loi trng hp ny
Bi ton 17: Cho 200ml dung dch KOH vo 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M thu c
7,8 gam kt ta keo. Nng M ca dung dch KOH l:
A: 1,5 v 3,5 B: 1,5 v 2,5 C: 2,5 v 3,5 D: 2,5 v 4,5
Bi gii:
3 3
AlCl Al(OH)
7,8
n 0, 2mol; n 0,1mol
78

3
Al(OH)
n
-
OH
n
0,2
0,
6
0,3
0,7 0,8
3
Al(OH)
n
-
OH
n
0,0
2
0,0
6
0,0
8
KOH
KOH
KOH M
KOH M
0, 3
n 0, 3mol C 1, 5M
0, 2
0, 7
n 0, 7mol C 3, 5M
0, 2

Chn A ng
Bi ton 18: Cho 200ml dung dch HCl vo 200ml dung dch NaAlO
2
2M thu c
15,6 gam kt ta keo. Nng M ca dung dch HCl l:
A: 1 hoc 2 B: 2 hoc 5 C: 1 hoc 5 D: 2
hoc 4
Bi gii:
3
Al(OH)
15, 6
n 0, 2mol
78

HCl
HCl
M
H
M
H
0, 2
n 0, 2mol C 1M
0, 2
1
n 1mol C 5M
0, 2
+
+
C ng
Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
( )
HCl (min)
H
(min)
H
(max)
HCl max
M
M
0, 2
C 1M
n
0, 2
n 1 . 1
C 5M
0, 2
+
+
=b=0,2mol
=(4.a-3.b) =(4.0,4- 3.0,2) =mol
C ng
Bi ton 19: Cho 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo 400ml dung dch NaAlO
2
1M thu -
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Nng M ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
l:
A: 0,125 v 1,625 B: 0,5 v 6,5 C: 0,25 v 0,5 D: 0,25 v 3,25
Bi gii:
p dng phng php th:
2 3
NaAlO Al(OH)
7,8
n 0, 4mol; n 0,1mol
78

2 4
2 4
H SO M
H SO M
1 0,1 0, 05
n H 0, 05mol C 0, 25M
2 2 0, 2
1 1, 3 0, 65
n H 0, 65mol C 3, 25M
2 2 0, 2
+
+
D ng
+
H
n
0,4
0,1
1,3 1,6
0,4
Al(OH)
3
+
H
n
0,4
0,2 1
1,6
0,4
Al(OH)
3
0,2
Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh sau:
( )
H2SO4(min)
H
(min)
H
(max)
H2SO4 max
M
M
0,1
C 0, 25M
n
0, 2.2
n 1,3 . 1, 3
C 3, 25M
0, 2.2
+
+
=b=0,1mol
=(4.a-3.b) =(4.0,4-3.0,1) = mol
D ng.
II. bi ton t gii
Bi 1: Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo V lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng
0,4 M thu c 15,76 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca V lt l:
A: 250 ml B: 200 ml C: 300 ml D: 180 ml
Bi 2: Hp th hon ton 1,344 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng
a M thu c 7,88 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca a mol/lt l:
A: 0,01 mol/l B: 0,02 mol/l C: 0,03 mol/l D: 0,04
mol/l.
Bi 3: Hp th hon ton V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,4 M
thu c 15,76 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr nh nht ca V lt l:
A: 2,688 lt B: 1,792 lt C: 1,344 lt D: 2,24 lt
Bi 4 : Hp th hon ton 0,2 mol CO
2
(ktc) vo 0,25 lt dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,2 M v Ba(OH)
2
0,4 M thu c m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca m gam l:
A. 4,925 gam B. 1,97 gam C. 19,7 gam D. 9,85
gam
Bi 5: Cho 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 350 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,2 M, kt thc phn
ng thu c a gam kt ta trng. Gi tr ca a gam l:
A. 2 gam B. 4 gam C. 6 gam D. 8 gam
Bi 6: Sc 4,48 lt kh (ktc) gm CO v CO
2
vo bnh cha 400ml dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
0,2 M thu c 6 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch kh CO trong hn hp
u c th l:
A: 30% hoc 40% B: 70% hoc 50% C: 40% hoc 50% D: 70% hoc 30%.
Bi 7 : Cho 200ml dung dch KOH vo 200ml dung dch AlCl
3
1M thu c 7,8gam
kt ta keo. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch KOH l:
A: 1,5 mol/lt v 3,5 mol/lt B: 1,5 mol/lt v 2,5 mol/lt
C: 2,5 mol/lt v 3,5 mol/lt D: 2,5 mol/lt v 4,5 mol/lt
Bi 8 :Trn 150ml dd Na
2
CO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
0,5M vi 250ml dd HCl 2M th th tch kh CO
2
sinh ra
ktc l:
A. 2,52 lt B. 5,04 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 5,60 lt
Bi 9: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO
2
vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml B. 224 ml
C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml D. 44,8 ml
Bi 10: Dn V lt (ktc) kh CO
2
qua 100 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
1M thu c 6 gam kt ta. Lc b
kt ta, ly dung dch nc lc un nng li thu c kt ta na. V lt bng :
A. 3.136 lt B.3.36 lt hoc 1.12 lt
C. 1.344 lt hoc 3.136 lt B. 1.344 lt
Bi 11: Sc 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 100 ml dd Ca(OH)
2
0,5M v KOH 2M. Khi lng kt ta thu
c sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton l :
A. 5,0 gam B. 30,0 gam C. 10,0 gam D. 0,0 gam
B i 12: Cho 8,05 gam kim loi Na vo 500 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton ta thu c cht kt ta B c khi lng l
A. 7,8 gam. B. 5,4 gam. C. 3,9 gam. D. 7,7 gam.
Bi 13: Cho 10,5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi gm Al v mt kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn
ng thu c dung dch B v 5,6 lt kh ( ktc). Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch B thu c
mt lng kt ta ln nht. Lc v cn kt ta c 7,8 gam. Kim loi kim l:
A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb.
Bi 14: Trn 100 ml dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
1M vi 700 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch X
v kt ta Y. nung Y n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c
A. 10,2 gam B. 20,4 gam C. 2,25 gam D. 5,1 gam
Bi 15: Ha tan hon ton 13,275 g hn hp BaO v Al vo nc c dung dch X .Sc CO
2
d vo
X thu c 7,410 g kt ta .(Ba = 137, Al = 27 , O=16 , H=1).Phn trm khi lng BaO trong hn hp
l
A. 70,688 %. B. 78,806% C. 80,678% D. 80,876 %.
Bi 16: Hp th hon ton 2.24 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam
NaOH thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l:
A. 5.3 gam B. 10.6 gam C. 21.2 gam D. 15.9 gam
Bi 17: Cho 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo 50ml dung dch NaOH, thu c 1,56 gam kt
ta v dung dch X. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH l:
A: 0,6 mol/lt B: 1,2 mol/lt C: 2,4 mol/lt D: 3,6
mol/lt
Bi 18: Trn dd cha x mol AlCl
3
vi dd cha y mol NaOH. thu c kt ta cn
c t l
A. x:y=1:4 B. x:y<1:4 C. x:y=1:5 D. x:y>1:4
Bi 19: (H - KA - 2008) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO
2
( ktc) vo 500ml
dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta, gi tr
ca m gam l:
A: 11,82 gam B: 9,85 gam C: 17,73 gam D: 19,70 gam
Bi 20: Cho 350 ml dd NaOH 1M vo 100 ml dd AlCl
3
1M. Khi phn ng kt thc
thu c s gam kt ta.
A. 7.8 gam B. 3.9 gam C. 11.7 gam D. 23.4 gam
Bi 21: Mt dd cha a mol NaAlO
2
tc dng vi mt dd cha b mol HCl. iu kin
thu c kt ta sau phn ng l:
A. a = b B. a = 2b C. b<4a D. b< 5a
Bi 22: Hap thu hoan toan 5,6 lit CO
2
(ktc), vao dung dch cha 0,2 mol
Ca(OH)
2
se thu c lng ket tua la:
A. 25 gam B. 5 gam C. 15 gam D. 20 gam
Bi 23: (H - KA - 2008) Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1M
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 7,8 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c khi lng kt ta trn l:
A: 0,05 lt B: 0,25 lt C: 0,35 lt D: 0,45 lt
B i 24: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5 M tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1 M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam, gi tr b nht ca V lt l:
A: 1,2 lt B: 1,8lt C: 2 lt D: 2,24. lt
Bi 25: Cho V lt dung dch KOH 0,1 M tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch Al(NO
3
)
3
0,2
M, lng kt ta trng keo thu c l 1,56 gam, gi tr b nht ca V lt l:
A: 200 ml B: 120 ml C: 240 ml D: 180 ml.
Bi 26: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v
0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln
nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l:
A: 0, 5 lt B: 0,7lt C: 0,9 lt D: 1,2 lt
Bi 27: Cho 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12 M vo 3,42 gam Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
thu c m
gam kt ta v dung dch X. Gi tr ca m l:
A: 0,78 gam B: 1,56 gam C: 2,34 gam D: 1,17
gam.
Bi 28: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,35 M tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch AlCl
3
0,1 M,
lng kt ta thu c l 7,8 gam, gi tr V lt ln nht l:
A: 2,0 lt B: 1,0lt C: 1,5lt D: 3,0 lt.
Bi 29: Cho V lt dung dch HCl 0,5 M vo 2lt dung dch KAlO
2
0,2 M thu c
15,6 gam kt ta keo. gi tr V lt ln nht l:
A: 2,0 lt B: 5,0lt C: 1,5lt D: 2,5 lt
Bi 30: Cho 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,25 M vo 4lt dung dch KAlO
2
0,1 M thu
c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a gam l:
A: 7,8 gam B: 1,56 gam C: 2,34 gam D: 1,17
gam.

Tron Bo Chia Khoa Vang Hoa Hoc

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tron Bo Chia Khoa Vang Hoa Hoc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mc Lc(tp 1)

Vy cng thc quy i l: Fe

Gii h phng trnh ta c: x=0,2 mol, y= 0,1 mol.

tc dng vi dung dch axit thu c

+. Cng thc gii nhanh c rt ra t th trn:

> =(4.a- b) mol

+ + > =(4.a- b) mol .

You might also like