A L TEX cho ngi s dng Word

phin bn 1.0.0 bn dch Beta-1.0.335

Guido Gonzato, Ph.D. <gonzato@sci.univr.it> Bin dch : ccc <kyanh@users.sarovar.org> 2004/07/17 2004/11/3

Tm tt ni dung EX c th thay th hon ho bt k chng trnh son tho vn bn no. Tuy nhin, A vi ngi mi s dng L TEX, tht kh h hnh dung ra nhng iu phi lm. Ti liu ny so snh nhng nt c bn gia mt chng trnh son tho vn bn thng thng, v A d Microsoft Word, v L TEX. Cc chc nng ca trnh son tho vn bn c lit k, cng A vi cch lm tng ng trong L TEX.
A L T

Mc lc
1 Introduction (gii thiu) 1.1 Dn nhp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Cc h tr ca trnh son tho 1.1.2 Thm cc gi mi . . . . . . . 1.2 Cc Quy tc vng . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 File Menu File/New (to file mi) . . . . . . . . . File/Save As. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . File/Save As Template . . . . . . . . . File/Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . File/Page Setup (nh kiu trang) . . . 2.5.1 Page Setup/Headers and Footers File/Printer Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . File/Print Preview (xem trc) . . . . . File/Print (in n) . . . . . . . . . . . . File/Versions (qun l phin bn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9

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3 The Edit Menu 3.1 Edit/Autotext (t g tt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ti liu ny c dch trong khi ccc ang lm thi Ton (khi D) cho k thi Tuyn sinh Cao ng Chnh quy nm 2004 ti trng CSP Qung Nam. Khi bin dch, ccc typeset ti liu ny 335 ln ;)

4 The 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16

Insert Menu Insert/Breaks (ngt dng) . . . . . . . . . Insert/Enumerated List (danh sch) . . . Insert/Special Character (k t c bit) . 4.3.1 ng Euro: . . . . . . . . . . . Insert/Formula (cng thc) . . . . . . . . Insert/Footnote (ch thch cui trang) . . Insert/Indices (Mc lc) . . . . . . . . . . Insert/Vertical and Horizontal Space . . . Insert/Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insert/Cross Reference (tham kho cho) Insert/Margin Notes (ch thch bn l) . . Insert/Frame (khung) . . . . . . . . . . . Insert/Figure (hnh) . . . . . . . . . . . . Insert/Shapes (ng) . . . . . . . . . . Insert/Line (on thng) . . . . . . . . . Insert/Hyperlink (siu lin kt) . . . . . . Insert/Comment (ch thch) . . . . . . .

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9 9 9 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 15 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 21 22 23 23 23 25 26 26 27 27 28 30 30 30 31 31

5 The Format Menu 5.1 Format/Line Spacing (dn dng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Format/Character (k t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1 Format/Character Size (c ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.2 Format/Character Font (kiu ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.3 Format/Character Colour (mu ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1 Format/Paragraph Horizontal Alignment (canh theo chiu ngang) 5.3.2 Format/Paragraph Vertical Alignment (canh theo chiu ng) . . 5.3.3 Format/Paragraph Margins (margin ca on vn) . . . . . . . . 5.3.4 Format/Paragraph Indentation (tht u dng) . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Format/Paragraph Border and Shade (K khung v to bng) . . . . . . 5.5 Format/Colour (mu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Format/Columns (ct) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The Table Menu (to bng) 7 The 7.1 7.2 7.3

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Tools Menu Tools/Default Language (ngn ng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools/Hyphenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools/Spell Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 The Help Menu (gip )

ii

1 INTRODUCTION (GII THIU)

9 The End (Li cui) A Cc mu ti liu 31 33

Danh sch bng

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Menu Edit trong mt s Editor. . A Cc k t c bit trong L TEX. . Mt s k t trong gi marvosym. Thuc tnh ca k t. . . . . . . Cc c font logic khc nhau. . . . H cc font hay dng. . . . . . . A Cc mi trng chun ca L TEX. V d v bng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 12 20 21 22 24 29

Danh sch hnh v

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hnh v ny c tc gi yu thch. . th Gnuplot. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mu to cun sch. . . . . . . . . Mu to bo co. . . . . . . . . . . . Mu to l th. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mu to thng bo. . . . . . . . . . Cch thit k mt poster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 16 33 34 34 35 36

Introduction (gii thiu)

A c ti liu ny, bn c gi s l bit v L TEX v cc lnh c bn ca n. Trong ti A liu ny, chng ti l gii ti sao L TEX c th thay th mt trnh x l vn bn, v d Microsoft A Word. Tht s, L TEX lm c rt nhiu vic hn mt chng trnh x l vn bn, c bit khi bn cn son cc ti liu phc tp vi nhiu hnh v, nhiu biu thc Ton hc, Vt l,...

Trong thc t, cc chng trnh x l vn bn l killer app trong th gii vn phng hin i. A Chng c xem l d hn L TEX, bi c c giao din WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get ) thn thin, v mt th k vi trnh trung bnh c th hc s dng chng trong thi gian ngn. Vn l, cc chng trnh ny vng phi nhiu nhc im: x l chm, yu cu khng gian lu tr ln1 , s tn cng ca virus, y li (buggy), t (bn phi tr tin... trong A khi L TEX hon ton min ph), khng tng thch (v d gia cc h iu hnh khc nhau). A L TEX c th thay th tt cho cc chng trnh son tho vn bn. iu ny l s tht; tuy A A nhin, nu bn dng L TEX son tho cc vn bn ln xn, khng c cu trc, th L TEX li
1 Tc gi (ccc) tng son mt lun vn thc s 63 trang A4 vi khng gian lu tr ch l 143 KB (cha nn). Mt a mm 1.44 MB c th cha hn... 10 lun vn (630 trang) nh vy! iu ny hon ton khng th lm c vi Microsoft Word!

1.1 Dn nhp

1 INTRODUCTION (GII THIU)

tr thnh mt ni phin toi, v nh em dao tru ct tit g. Trong trng hp ny, bn c th A dng TEX; nhng khi , bn khng tn dng c cc tin nghi m L TEX em li. i khi, bn mun mt s tnh nng ca mt chng trnh son tho vn bn m khng mun A A dng L TEX. Nh vy, cn phi bit cch c c cc tnh nng vi L TEX. l l do ti sao ti vit ti liu hng dn nhanh ny. Nh ti ni, c ti liu A ny, bn trc ht cn c cc kin thc c bn v L TEX. Bn c th thm trang web http: A //vntex.sarovar.org/ ti v mt s ti liu hng dn nu bn bn cha bit g v L TEX. Trong cc mc tip theo ca ti liu, chng ta s xem xt cc menu v menu con ca mt chng trnh x l vn bn tng tng (cc menu ny c tm thy, chng hn, trong Microsoft Word), A A v ch ra cch thc hin cng vic tng ng trong L TEX. Nu bn kh rnh v L TEX v cch tip cn vn ny lm bn bun ng... xin bn vui lng b qua ti liu hng dn ny ;)

1.1

Dn nhp

Nhiu tnh nng ca mt chng trnh son tho vn bn c h tr bi trnh son tho; mt A s tnh nng khc c c bng cc macro L TEX chun; mt s khc th c c bng cch A dng cc gi (package ). Cc gi l tp hp mt s macro nhm m rng kh nng ca L TEX.
A C rt nhiu gi khc nhau cung cp cho bn nhiu cng c khc nhau khi lm vic vi L TEX. V cng c rt nhiu gi khc nhau cung cp cho bn cc cch khc nhau lm cng mt cng A vic trong L TEX. Vn l phi bit cc gi ny u ly khi cn, cng nh cch thm cc A gi ny vo L TEX. Vui lng xem mc 1.1.2 bit thm v cc gi. A Cc gi cho L TEX (v TEX) c tm thy nhiu a ch khc nhau. Bn hy thm trang web CTAN bit thm chi tit.

Mc d bt k chng trnh no c kh nng lu tp tin di dng plain text u c th tr thnh mt chng trnh son tho dnh cho TEX, nhng hu ht nhng ngi dng TEX u khuyn bn ci t v dng cc chng trnh di y:
GNU Emacs hoc Xemacs; vi hoc phin bn nng cao ca vi l Vim; Jed; (Lyx) gn nh mt chng trnh son tho TeX WYSIWYG, rt thch hp cho ngi mi A lm quen vi L TEX;
A GNU TEXmacs l mt chng trnh son tho WYSIWYG L TEX (ch c cho Unix); A WinEdt l chng trnh son tho rt mnh dnh ring cho L TEX. y l mt share-ware, ch dnh cho ngi dng Windows.

Cc chng trnh son tho trn u cho php i mu cc t kha, cc macro, lnh ca (La)TEX v cc macro, lnh do bn nh ngha; chng gip ch cho bn rt nhiu khi vit m ngun ca ti liu.

1.1 Dn nhp 1.1.1 Cc h tr ca trnh son tho

1 INTRODUCTION (GII THIU)

A Cc tnh nng sau y khng phi l cc tnh cht ca L TEX, m c h tr bi cc chng trnh son tho:

cut, copy and paste (ct, chp, dn) search and replace (tm kim, thay th) blocks: moving, filtering, etc (di chuyn, lc) spell checking (kim tra chnh t) word counting (m s t) macros vn vn...

Khi cn thit, chng ti s gip bn lm th no thc hin cc cng vic nu trn vi mt s chng trnh son tho c bit: GNU Emacs, vi, jec. (Nu bn s dng WinEdt hay TeXnicCenter, cc cng vic trn n gin hn nhiu.) 1.1.2 Thm cc gi mi

Cc bn phn phi ca teTeX hay MikTeX cha hu ht cc gi quan trng m bn c th dng n. Tuy nhin, c rt nhiu gi thng khng c trong cc bn phn phi ny; chng c tm thy ti CTAN, a TeXLive,... Bn cn phi bit cch thm cc gi mi tng cng sc A mnh cho L TEX. Bn cng phi bit cch thm cc gi khi bn mun dng phin bn mi ca mt gi. Di y l hng dn i vi teTeX. Hng dn cho ngi dng MikTeX xin xem bn di. 1. Ti v gi mi (thng dng nn gzip) t CTAN.
A 2. Tm ni lu cc gi ca L TEX. Thng thng, th mc ny l $TEXMF/tex/latex

3. X nn gi mi ti v vo th mc trn 4. Nu bn khng tm thy tp tin .sty no trong gi mi ti v, hy thc hin lnh latex newstyle.ins to gi mi t file ngun newstyle.dtx. ( y, newstyle l tn ca gi mi; v d, gi vntex) 5. Cp nht c s d liu ca teTeX bng cch thc hin lnh texhash Th mc $TEXMF ph thuc vo h thng ca bn; trong hu ht cc bn phn phi GNU/Linux, th mc ny l /usr/share/texmf. thm cc gi mi i vi MikTeX, trc ht, bn hy to th mc (nu th mc ny cha tn ti) \latex\newpacakge ( y, newpacakge l tn ca gi mi; v d l gi vntex) bn di th mc C:\localtexmf\tex v chp cc file ca gi mi vo trong th mc ny. Sau , chy chng trnh mo.exe v chn Refresh now cp nht c s d liu cho MikTeX. Bn cng c th thc hin lnh initexmf -u lm cng vic ny. 3

1.2 Cc Quy tc vng

2 THE FILE MENU

1.2

Cc Quy tc vng

Trc khi chng ta bt u, bn hy ghi nh nhng iu sau y. 1. Gi thi quen cu trc ha ti liu ca bn: hy ngh n cch chia ti liu ra cc phn, chng, mc, ... Thi quen ny nn gi ngay c khi bn khng son cc ti liu khoa hc.
A 2. ng lo lng v cch dn trang ca ti liu; L TEX lo gip bn vic ny. Bn hy tp trung vo ni dung ca ti liu.

Chng ti khuyn co bn nn tun th cc quy tc ny. Nh , bn c th in c cc ti liu y tnh chuyn nghip. Hai quy tc trn p dng cho hu ht cc ti liu. Tuy nhin, nu c nh vit cc ti liu khng c cu trc (mt ghi ch, bi th,...), bn c th b qua phn ny v c cc phn tip theo ca hng dn ny.
                        

The File Menu

A R rng, cc menu ny khng c ngha g i vi L TEX: File/Open, File/Save, File/Close ph thuc vo chng trnh bn dng son cc file *.tex.

2.1

File/New (to file mi)

To ti liu mi
\documentclass{article} \begin{document} % ghi nhng g bn mun y \end{document}
A Cc ti liu c son vi L TEX lun c cu trc r rng. V d

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} \title{Ti liu ca ti} % tiu \author{ccc} % tn tc gi \date{Qung Nam, \today} % ngy thng \begin{document} \maketitle % in tiu

\begin{abstract} Ni dung tm tt. \end{abstract}

2.2 File/Save As. . .

2 THE FILE MENU

\tableofcontents \listoftables \listoffigures

% mc lc % danh sch cc bng % danh sch cc hnh

\section{Mc 1} \label{sec:start} Ni dung ca phn ny. Xem \cite{KyAnh} bit thm. \section{Mc cui} \label{sec:end} Ni dung ca phn cui. Vui lng xem mc \ref{sec:start} bit. \begin{thebibliography}{99} % danh sch ti liu tham kho \bibitem{KyAnh} ccc. \textit{\LaTeX{} cho ngi dng Word}. CTAN, 2004. \end{thebibliography} \end{document}

Cc mu ti liu khc c lit k Ph lc A.

2.2

File/Save As. . .

A Nu bn mun chuyn ti liu L TEX sang cc dng khc:

tex4ht: A chuyn ti liu L TEX sang dng HTML. http://vntex.sarovar.org/tips/ latex2rtf: A chuyn ti liu L TEX sang dng c c bi Microsoft Word. CTAN://tex/support/latex2rtf

2.3

File/Save As Template

A A Lu ti liu L TEX di dng mu ng ngha vi to ra mt gi mi cho L TEX. iu ny i A hi bn l mt chuyn gia v L TEX; do , chng ti khng bn v vn ny.

2.4

File/Import

A C nhiu cng c chuyn cc dng ti liu khc thnh m L TEX:

rtf2latex: CTAN://tex/support/rtf2latex html2latex: CTAN://tex/support/html2latex

A wvware chuyn tp tin Word thnh cc dng khc nhau, trong c dng L TEX.

2.5 File/Page Setup (nh kiu trang)

2 THE FILE MENU

2.5

File/Page Setup (nh kiu trang)

Cch thng thng xc nh c giy, hng giy, l (margins), l dng cc tham s khi gi \documentclass. C giy c th l a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper, legalpaper, executivepaper; hng giy l hng chn dung (portrait) theo mc nh, hoc l hng landscape. V d
\documentclass[a5paper,landscape,12pt]{article}

Chiu rng ca cc l giy c thay i bng cc lnh sau:

\setlength{\leftmargin}{2cm} % \setlength{\rightmargin}{2cm} % \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{2cm} % \setlength{\evensidemargin}{2cm}% \setlength{\topmargin}{-1cm} % \setlength{\textwidth}{18cm} % \setlength{\textheight}{25cm} % l tri l phi l cho trang l l cho trang chn l trn chiu rng phn giy c dng g vn bn chiu cao phn giy c dng g vn bn

Bn c th dng gi geometry vic thay i c giy, rng l c d dng v trc quan hn. Bn nn c ti liu hng dn ca gi geometry bit thm chi tit. Di y l v d.
\geometry{paperwidth=25cm} \geometry{paperheigth=35cm} % hoc: \geometry{papersize={25cm,35cm}} \geometry{width=20cm} % chiu rng tng cng \geometry{heigth=30cm} % chiu cao tng cng % hoc: \geometry{total={20cm,30cm}} \geometry{textwidth=18cm} % chiu rng phn giy c dng g vn bn \geometry{textheigth=25cm} % chiu cao phn giy c dng g vn bn % hoc: \geometry{body={18cm,25cm}} \geometry{left=3cm} % l tri \geometry{rigth=1.5cm} % l phi % hoc: \geometry{hmargin={3cm,2cm}} \geometry{top=2cm} % l trn \geometry{bottom=3cm} % l di % hoc: \geometry{vmargin={2cm,3cm}} \geometry{marginparwidth=2cm} \geometry{head=1cm} % chiu cao ca phn HEADER

Bn cng c th dng cc tham s khi ti gi geometry:

\usepackage[left=3cm, right=2cm]{geometry}

2.6 File/Printer Setup

2 THE FILE MENU

2.5.1

Page Setup/Headers and Footers

Gi fancyhdr cung cp cho bn macro mi \pagestyle{fancy}. Khi dng macro ny (trc \begin{document}), cc dng
\lhead{} % empty \chead{Hello, world!} \rhead{Page \thepage} % page number \lfoot{} \cfoot{\textbf{Hello!}} \rfoot{}

2.6

File/Printer Setup

A This is highly OS-dependent, and definitely outside of the scopes of L TEX. Assuming that youre using a Unix-like system, these tips may come in handy:

lpr -P printername prints to the specified printer; lpr -# 10 prints 10 copies; lpr -r removes the file after printing it

Other tips will come soon.

2.7

File/Print Preview (xem trc)

Trong khi vit m ngun TEX cho ti liu, bn c mun xem trc, xem th kt qu. C th dng cc cch sau:
chuyn t tp tin *.tex qua dng tp tin .dvi (bng latex file.tex) v xem tp tin *.dvi bng xdvi, yap, v.v...; chuyn t tp tin .dvi sang dng PostScript bng chng trnh dvips, sau xem kt qu bng chng hn Ghostview; to tp tin .pdf t kt qu *.dvi bng ng dng dvipdfm hoc t (trc tip) tp tin *.tex bng chng trnh pdflatex.

Theo kin ca tc gi, vic to ra kt qu dng *.pdf l gii php tt nht, v nh ti liu ca bn c tnh tng thch, kh chuyn rt cao (c th gi i xa, n cc my tnh vi cc h iu hnh khc nhau, m vn m bo ti liu ca bn c th c c ). Hn na, gi hyperref dng cng vi ng dng pdflatex lm cho kt qu *.pdf c thm cc siu lin kt, rt linh hot (xem Mc 4.15). Tuy nhin, vic dng pdflatex c th s mang li mt s xung t vi mt s gi. Xin xem chi tit Mc 4.12.

Ch

2.8 File/Print (in n)

3 THE EDIT MENU

2.8

File/Print (in n)

Kt qu ca vic bin dch tp tin .tex c th cc dng *.dvi, *.ps hay *.pdf. Vi mi dng, c cc chng trnh khc nhau xem tp tin kt qu (v d, kdvi xem kt qu .dvi). Cc chng trnh ny u cho php bn in; hy n menu File/Print.

2.9

File/Versions (qun l phin bn)

A y khng phi l kh nng ca L TEX. Di cc h iu hnh Unix hay Win32, bn c th dng cc cng c nh RCS (Revision Control System) hay CVS (Concurrent Version Control System); cc cng c ny c th tch hp trong cc chng trnh son tho.

TODO: gi version, gi ktv-texdata.

The Edit Menu

A Menu ny th hin kh nng ca chng trnh son tho hn l kh nng ca L TEX. Hy tham kho bng 1 bit cc t hp phm tng ng vi cc menu Edit/Cut, Edit/Copy, Edit/Paste, Edit/Find, v Edit/Replace trong mt s chng trnh son tho.

Action start selection end selection cut copy paste find replace

Emacs Ctrl-@ or Ctrl-SPACE n/a Ctrl-W Alt-W Ctrl-Y Ctrl-S Ctrl-%

vi n/a n/a nD nY P / s/old/new/gc

jed Ctrl-KB Ctrl-KK Ctrl-KY Ctrl-KH Ctrl-KC Ctrl-QF Ctrl-QA

WinEdt n/a n/a Ctrl-X Ctrl-C Ctrl-V Ctrl-F Ctrl-H

Bng 1: Menu Edit trong mt s Editor. Vic la chn (select) mt on vn khng ch cho php thc hin cc thao tc nh ct, dn, m cn cho php p dng cc kiu cho on vn . Tng ng vi iu ny ca cc b x l A vn bn, trong L TEX ta t on vn cn thay i kiu dng trong cp du ngoc, hoc trong mi trng. V d, t m mt on vn, bn c th lm nh sau:
on vn ny c \textbf{t m;}\\ on vn sau {\bfseries cng c t m;}\\ \begin{bfseries} Dng ny c t m! \end{bfseries}

on vn ny c t m; on vn sau cng c t m; Dng ny c t m!

3.1 Edit/Autotext (t g tt)

4 THE INSERT MENU

3.1

Edit/Autotext (t g tt)

G tt gip bn tit kim thi gian khi son tho. V d, bn ch cn g TC c Truyn Ci Dn Gian Vit Nam mt cch t ng. Tnh nng ny ph thuc vo chng trnh A son tho. Tuy nhin, bn c th lm c vi L TEX:
\def\TC{\textsc{Truyn Ci Dn Gian Vit Nam}}

Sau khi nh ngha nh trn, mi ln bn gi \TC, bn s c Truyn Ci Dn Gian Vit Nam. Lu rng, bn phi g chnh xc \TC, khng c dng \Tc, \tc,... (tr khi c nh ngha khc cho cc macro ny).
A iu ng lu l, vic dng cc macro g tt vi L TEX nh trn c nhiu im tin li. Chng hn, nu mt lc no , bn thay Truyn Ci Dn Gian trong Truyn Ci Dn Gian Vit Nam bi Truyn Ngn, bn ch vic nh ngha li \TC:

\def\TC{\textsc{Truyn Ngn Vit Nam}}

By gi, \TC s cho bn Truyn Ngn Vit Nam.

4
4.1

The Insert Menu

Insert/Breaks (ngt dng)

mt khong trng khng b v c cho bi thm mt dng mi: dng \linebreak hoc \newline; xem di y bit thm chi tit. bt u mt an vn mi, dng mt dng trng, hoc \\, hoc \par sang trang mi, dng \newpage hoc \clearpage

Macro \linebreak s ko dn dng vn bn, cng \newline khng c tc dng ny:

Dng ny b ko dn!\linebreak Dng ny th khng.\newline Ok, bn hiu ri.

Dng ny b Dng ny th khng. Ok, bn hiu ri.

ko

dn!

Finally, \clearpage differs from \newpage in that it prints all pending floats (figures and tables). Floats will be explained in Section 4.12.

4.2

Insert/Enumerated List (danh sch)

Danh sch lit k hoc danh sch c th t c cho bi cc mi trng itemize v enumerate. C th dng tham s b sung cho \item thay i kiu hin th (xem di y)
\begin{itemize} \item[*] bt u bng du sao; \item[-] bt u bng du gch ngang. \end{itemize}

* bt u bng du sao; - bt u bng du gch ngang.. 9

4.2 Insert/Enumerated List (danh sch)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Cch khc thay i kiu (s La M, s -rp,...) ca cc s th t trong danh sch l dng cc macro: \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv phi hp vi cc macro thay i kiu con s: \arabic cho kiu s -rp, \Roman cho kiu s La m vit hoa, \roman cho kiu s La m vit thng, \Alph v \alph cho kiu s dng ch ci.
\begin{itemize} \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{*} \renewcommand{\labelitemii}{-} \item mc mt, phn t 1 \item mc mt, phn t 2 \begin{itemize} \item mc hai, phn t 1 \item mc hai, phn t 2 \end{itemize} \item mc mt, phn t 3 \end{itemize}

* mc mt, phn t 1 * mc mt, phn t 2 - mc hai, phn t 1 - mc hai, phn t 2 * mc mt, phn t 3

V d v danh sch c th t:
\begin{enumerate} \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{% \Alph{enumi}} \renewcommand{\labelenumii}{% \roman{enumii}} \item mc mt, phn t 1 \item mc mt, phn t 2 \begin{enumerate} \item mc hai, phn t 1 \item mc hai, phn t 2 \end{enumerate} \item mc mt, phn t 3 \end{enumerate}

A mc mt, phn t 1 B mc mt, phn t 2 i mc hai, phn t 1 ii mc hai, phn t 2 C mc mt, phn t 3

Mt cch gn nh hn l dng gi enumerate. Bn ch vic thm tham s khi gi \begin{enumerate}. Hy quan st v d di y.

\begin{enumerate}[a)] \item mc mt, phn t 1 \item mc mt, phn t 2 \begin{enumerate} \item mc hai, phn t 1 \item mc hai, phn t 2 \end{enumerate} \item mc mt, phn t 3 \end{enumerate}

a) mc mt, phn t 1 b) mc mt, phn t 2 (a) mc hai, phn t 1 (b) mc hai, phn t 2 c) mc mt, phn t 3

Cng danh sch trn, dng cc s La m (vit thng) nh s:

10

4.3 Insert/Special Character (k t c bit)

4 THE INSERT MENU

K t $ & % _ { } < > \ | c ^ ~ r

TM a o

Macro to k t \$ or \textdollar \& \% \_ or \textunderscore \{ or \textbraceleft \} or \textbraceright $<$ or \textless $>$ or \textgreater \textbackslash \textbar \textbullet \textdaggerdbl \textdagger \textparagraph \textsection \textcopyright \textasciicircum \textasciitilde $\sim$ \textregistered \texttrademark \textordfeminine \textordmasculine

A Bng 2: Cc k t c bit trong L TEX.

\begin{enumerate}[i.] \item mc mt, phn t 1 \item mc mt, phn t 2 \begin{enumerate} \item mc hai, phn t 1 \item mc hai, phn t 2 \end{enumerate} \item mc mt, phn t 3 \end{enumerate}

i. mc mt, phn t 1 ii. mc mt, phn t 2 (a) mc hai, phn t 1 (b) mc hai, phn t 2 iii. mc mt, phn t 3

4.3

Insert/Special Character (k t c bit)

A Cc k t c bit y, c hiu l c bit i vi L TEX. Nhng k t ny bn phi g km vi du gch ngc (\), hoc dng chng khi g cc cng thc ton, hoc khi vit cc macro. Xem Bng 2 v cc k t c bit.

Nu bn mun c thm cc k t c bit, hy dng gi pifont. Gi ny cung cp cc macro: \ding (v d \ding{100} s cho bn c), \dingfill, \dingline v mi trng dinglist. Hy xem v d di y.

11

4.4 Insert/Formula (cng thc)

Y B E H K o q u v

4 THE INSERT MENU

\Yingyang \Letter \Lightning \Mobilefone \Coffeecup \Football \Cutright \FAX \Faxmachine \Heart \Smiley \Bicycle \Capricorn \Bat \Womanface

Bng 3: Mt s k t trong gi marvosym.

\begin{dinglist}{43} \item mt \item hai \item ba \end{dinglist}

 mt  hai  ba

Vi cc danh sch c th t, bn dng mi trng dingautolist:

\begin{dingautolist}{172} \item mt \item hai \item ba \end{dingautolist}

x mt y hai z ba

4.3.1

ng Euro:

Gi marvosym cung cp cho bn mt s k t c bit, trong c k hiu ng Euro (\EUR). Xem Bng 3 bit mt s k t cho bi gi marvosym. Xem ti liu ca gi ny c danh sch y cc k hiu. [TODO: thm bng k t Dingbat.]

4.4

Insert/Formula (cng thc)

A Th hin cc cng thc ton hc c th ni l sc mnh ch yu ca L TEX. chn cc k hiu, biu thc ton hc vo chung mt dng vi vn bn, dng cp du ngoc $. Bn c th thy vic biu din cng thc c nt tng t vi vic vit mt chng trnh Pascal.

12

4.5 Insert/Footnote (ch thch cui trang)

Ti yu ton: $x^n + x^n \neq z^n \forall n \neq 2$ l nh l Fermat ln.

4 THE INSERT MENU

Ti yu ton: xn + xn = z n n = 2 l nh l Fermat ln.

biu din cc cng thc ton hc ch ring, khng cng dng vi cc vn bn, dng mi trng displaymath, hoc equation (cc phng trnh c nh s), hoc equation* (phng trnh khng nh s).
nh l Fermat ln: \begin{equation} x^n + x^n \neq z^n \quad\forall n \neq 2 \label{eq:fermat} \end{equation} Bn c th chng minh bt ng thc (\ref{eq:fermat})?

nh l Fermat ln:
xn + xn = z n n = 2

(1)

Bn c th chng minh bt ng thc (1)?

A Cc biu thc, phng trnh phc tp hn i hi mt n lc rt ln khi dng L TEX. Tht may! c gi amsmath gip bn rt nhiu. Xem ti liu ca gi ny bit thm chi tit.

4.5

Insert/Footnote (ch thch cui trang)

Dng macro \footnote{Ch thch 123456}2 s to ch thch cui trang (xem pha di trang ny). Nu bn mun thay i s th t ca ch thch, hy nh ngha li macro \footnote. V d:
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{**} y l ch thch\footnote {y l ch thch.} cui trang ;).

y l ch thch** cui trang ;).

**

y l ch thch.

Cng c th dng thay i kiu con s c dng:

\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{% \Alph{footnote}} y l ch thch\footnote{th nht.} th nht, v y l ch thch\footnote{th hai.} th hai.

y l ch thcha th nht, v y l ch thchb th hai.

a b

th nht. th hai.

4.6

Insert/Indices (Mc lc)

to Mc lc, danh sch cc bng, dnh sch cc hnh v, ch vic dng cc macro di y (nh t cc macro ny trc khi gi n bt k macro \section, \chapter no)
\tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables
2

% mc lc % danh sch cc hnh v % danh sch cc bng

Ch thch 123456

13

4.7 Insert/Vertical and Horizontal Space

4 THE INSERT MENU

4.7

Insert/Vertical and Horizontal Space

Menu ny thc t khng tn ti trong bt k chng trnh x l vn bn no tc gi tng gp. A y qu l mt hn ch m L TEX khc phc. K thut Thm cc khong trng thng c dng canh vn bn nm gia theo chiu ng, chiu ngang, hay c hai; y qu l mt cng vic kh khn vi bt k chng trnh x l vn A bn no, i hi rt nhiu c gng th, xa v th c c kt qu nh . Trong L TEX, cc macro \null hay ~ dng nh du v tr, theo sau l cc macro \vfill canh theo chiu ng hoc \hfill canh theo chiu ngang. Xem v d di y:
mt \hfill hai\\ \vfill ~ \hfill ba \hfill ~\\ \vfill bn \hfill nm \null

mt ba bn

hai

nm

A Thng thng, L TEX s khng cho php bn t cc khong trng nh ca bn. Tuy nhin, nu bn mun lm cho ti liu ca mnh c v ln xn, hy dng ~ to cc khong trng khng v:

Ngoi ra, macro \hspace cho php thm cc khong trng nh v d di y:

Sau y l khong cch\hspace{2cm} rng 2-cm.

Sau y l khong cch

rng 2-cm.

4.8

Insert/Tabs

Mi trng tabbing cung cp ta kh nng ca phm TAB. Xem v d di y.

\begin{tabbing} % t v tr ca TAB ~ \hskip 1cm \= ~ \hskip 2cm \= ~ \hskip 3cm \= \kill % b qua vn bn Zero \> One \> Two \> Three \\ Zero \> One \> \> Three \+ \\ % qua phi Zero \> Two \> Three \- \\ % qua tri Zero \> One \> Two \\ \pushtabs % Lu v tr TAB tab mi 1{\ldots} \= tab mi 2 \\ tab mi \> tab \\ \poptabs % phc hi v tr TAB Zero \> One \> Two \> Three \\ \end{tabbing}

Zero Zero

One Two One Zero Two Zero One Two tab mi 1. . . tab mi 2 tab mi tab Zero One Two

Three Three Three

Three

Xem thm cc mi trng tabular v table.

4.9

Insert/Cross Reference (tham kho cho)

Cc macro \label, \ref, \pageref gip cho bn c th tham kho cho n cc phn khc nhau ca ti liu. Cc nhn ( nh du ch - ni tham kho) thng c dng prefix:nhn. 14

4.10 Insert/Margin Notes (ch thch bn l)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Trong , prefix l tin t c trng cho kiu nhn; tin t ny do bn quy nh, nhng thng thng l eq cho cc phng trnh, fig cho cc hnh v, sec cc mc v mc con (section v subsection), tab cho cc bng, cha cho chng.... Cn nhn l mt tn gi nh. V d di y, ta s dng \label v \ref tham kho n s trang.
\paragraph{V d.} \label{par:vidu} y l on vn trong Mc~\ref{par:vidu} trang \pageref{par:vidu}.

y l on vn trong Mc 4.9 trang 15.

Di y l v d v tham kho n cc phn t ca danh sch c th t.

\begin{enumerate} \item\label{item:batdau} bc mt: nhy n bc \ref{item:ketthuc} \item{bc khc} \item{bc khc} \item\label{item:ketthuc} bc cui: nhy n bc \ref{item:batdau} \end{enumerate}

1. bc mt: nhy n bc 4 2. bc khc 3. bc khc 4. bc cui: nhy n bc 1

4.10

Insert/Margin Notes (ch thch bn l)

on vn

Rt n gin: dng \marginpar{on vn}.

4.11

Insert/Frame (khung)

Gi s bn cn to mt poster: bn cn phi t cc cu v cc hnh v ti nhng v tr c nh trn trang giy. c c iu ny, bn hy dng gi textpos. Hy xem v d c cho hnh v 7 (xem Ph lc A).

4.12

Insert/Figure (hnh)

A Mt hnh v trong L TEX khng n gin l mt hnh, m c th l mt on vn, mt bng, .... hay bt c th g khc m bn trong mi trng figure. Hy xem v d di y.

\begin{figure}[htbp] % [htbp] cho bit th t u tin % khi tm ch t hnh v: here ( y), % top (bn trn), bottom (bn di), % hoc trang ring. \begin{center} \texttt{=8-)} \end{center} \caption{Hnh v ny c tc gi yu thch.} \label{fig:mysmiley} \end{figure}

=8-) Hnh 1: Hnh v ny c tc gi yu thch.

15

4.12 Insert/Figure (hnh)

4 THE INSERT MENU

A Hy ch rng cc hnh v s khng chc chn xut hin ni m bn t m L TEX. Thc t, A s khc nhau c bn gia b x l vn bn v L TEX l hnh v khng c v tr c nh; chng A l float, c kh nng dch chuyn vo v tr thch hp do L TEX xc nh. V vy, bn khng nn dng cc cu tham kho, v d nh, xem hnh v trn, hay xem hnh v bn di; tt nht l hy dng n gin xem Hnh v~\ref{fig:label}.

Ghi ch

Nu bn mun t cc hnh v ng ni bn mun, hy dng gi here; gi ny cung cp tham s b sung H (here, y) ngn cho hnh v, bng khi b float. i vi cc hnh v Encapsulate PostScript (.eps), bn c th nhng chng vo ti liu A L TEX bng cch dng gi graphicx v dng cc macro nh trong Hnh v 2.

Gnuplot 3D graph sin(x*x + y*y)/(x*x + y*y)

\begin{figure} \begin{center} \fbox{\includegraphics [width=0.5\textwidth, angle=-90] {gnuplot.ps}} \caption{ th Gnuplot.} \label{fig:gnuplot} \end{center} \end{figure}

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 4 3 2 -4 1 -3 -2 0 -1 X -1 0 1 -2 2 3 -3 4 -4 Y

Hnh 2: th Gnuplot. Vic ti cc hnh v ch thch hp vi dng file .eps. C mt vi gi khc cho php chuyn cc hnh v .jpg, .gif, .png,.... sang dng .eps: mt trong nhng chng trnh tt nht l ImageMagik thch hp cho nhiu h thng my tnh. Bn cnh , cn c mt cng c rt hay chuyn cc file .jpg sang dng .eps l jpeg2ps.
A Nu bn dng PDFL TEX, bn phi chuyn cch hnh v qua dng .pdf bng cng c epstopdf v thay i vic ti cc hnh tng ng. Nu bn mun dng c hai dng .pdf v .eps ca cng mt hnh v, hy lm nh di y.

Ch

% to bin boolean \ifpdf \newif\ifpdf \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \pdffalse \else \pdftrue \pdfoutput=1 \fi \documentclass{....} ... % np gi thch hp \ifpdf \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} % phi \documentclass y

16

4.13 Insert/Shapes (ng)

4 THE INSERT MENU

\pdfcompresslevel=9 \else \usepackage{graphicx} \fi ... % np hnh v thch hp \ifpdf \includegraphics{file.pdf} \else \includegraphics{file.eps} \fi

[TODO: xem gi wrapfig] Nu bn np lin tip 18 hnh v m khng t bt k cu ch no gia chng, bn s gp li Too many unprocessed floats. Gii php n gin nht3 cho vn ny l t lnh \clearpage c sau mi hoc 4 hnh v. Ch

4.13

Insert/Shapes (ng)

Mi trng picture gip bn v cc ng trn (\circle), hnh -van (\oval), v.v... Theo tc gi, vic v cc hnh khng dng vi cc mi trng ha l rt kh, v mi trng picture cng c nhng hn ch nh vy. C gii php hay hn l dng gi epic v gi eepic (ti hai gi ny theo th t ch ra), cng vi chng trnh v hnh Xfig (ch thch hp vi h thng Unix). Chng trnh Xfig trng c v xu x, nhng thc t l mt chng trnh rt mnh. Mt trong nhng tin li ca n l kh nng chuyn hnh do n v thnh cc dng khc nhau, k c cc A file PostScript. Mt kh nng khc, l chng trnh c kh nng chuyn cc m L TEX nhng, A nh , bn c th nhp vo cc m lnh L TEX to bng, k hiu khi v. By gi, gi s bn v xong hnh v small.fig vi chng trnh Xfig. T Xfig, chn menu File/Export. . . v sau chn LaTeX picture + eepic macros t menu Language. Khi , bn A s thu c tp tin small.eepic c th nhng vo ti liu L TEX. y l hnh v bng Xfig:
This is a picture drawn with Xfig:\\ % \input{small.eepic} % s khng lm vic vi pdflatex! \input{small.eepic}





iu khng may, l eepic khng lm vic vi pdflatex. V vy, t chng trnh Xfig, bn chn dng xut (export) l Combined PS/LaTeX (both parts). Nh , bn s nhn c hai tp tin khc nhau: small.pstex v small.pstex_t. i tp tin th hai thnh small.tex, m file ny v thm cc dng sau y vo u file: \documentclass{article}
3

nhng khng phi l tt nht

17

4.14 Insert/Line (on thng)

4 THE INSERT MENU

\usepackage{graphicx} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} sau , thm cc dng sau vo cui file small.tex: \end{document} By gi, bin dch file small.tex, ri chuyn kt qu t dng .ps sang dng .eps v np hnh thu c nh ni Mc 4.12.

4.14

Insert/Line (on thng)

Bn c th v cc on thng vi chiu di v rng ty nh macro \rule:

Di bng chiu rng trang:\\ \rule{\linewidth}{1pt} on ny ngn hn, dy hn:\\ \rule{2cm}{2mm}

Di bng chiu rng trang: on ny ngn hn, mng hn:

Mt loi ng v th v l ng cc du chm (\dotfill):

H v Tn: \dotfill\dotfill S bo danh:\dotfill

H v Tn: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S bo danh:. . . . . . .

4.15

Insert/Hyperlink (siu lin kt)

chn cc lin kt vo ti liu, bn c th dng gi url. Gi ny thng c dng vi cc gi hyperref v cc chng trnh dvipdf, pdflatex (chuyn file *.tex qua dng *.pdf) nh , cc file kt qu dng *.pdf tr nn linh hot hn nh lin kt c vi cc ti liu khc hoc lin kt vi cc phn khc ca cng ti liu. (Nu bng dng YAP xem cc file kt qu *.dvi, cc siu lin kt cng c hiu.)
\usepackage{url} \usepackage[colorlinks,urlcolor=blue]{hyperref} ... y l mt siu lin kt n trang ch ca \begin{document} ... VnTeX: http://vntex.sarovar.org/ y l mt siu lin kt n trang ch ca VnTeX: \url{http://vntex.sarovar.org/} ...

Khi dng gi hyperref, bn c c macro \href cung cp nhiu tin nghi hn khi chn cc siu lin kt.
\href{http://vntex.sarovar.org/}{% Lin kt n trang ch ca VnTeX}

Lin kt n trang ch ca VnTeX

18

4.16 Insert/Comment (ch thch)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

4.16

Insert/Comment (ch thch)

A Khi son cc ti liu vi L TEX, mt vic lm rt thng xuyn l thm cc ch thch. Cng xy ra trng hp bn khng mun mt phn ti liu no c in ra, nhng li mun gi chng li trong tp tin ngun tin theo di. Khi , bn cn bin phn mun che i thnh ch thch.

Cc n gin nht l thm k t % trc dng cn ch thch. Mi th k t k t % cho n cui dng u bin mt. Bn cng c th dng gi comment; gi ny cung cp mi trng comment bin mt phn no (ty ) thnh ch thch.
Khng th c c % cc ch ny % y l dng ch thch

Khng th c c

in ra k t %, bn dng du gch ngc: \% s cho %.

The Format Menu

Ni chung, kiu dng (nh dng) chnh ca ti liu c ci t t ng khi bn gi \documentclass: c font chung cho ton ti liu (10, 11 hoc 12 pt), kiu giy (a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper, legalpaper, executivepaper), chiu giy (portrait, landscape). V d:
\documentclass[a5paper,landscape,12pt]{article}

Nu bn ch gi macro \documentclass m khng c thm tham s b sung, tc l \documentclass{article}, A th cc gi tr mc nh m L TEX la chn l: c giy A4, c ch 10 im (10pt), chiu giy portrait. chn la cc c font khc nhau, xem Mc 5.2.1.

5.1

Format/Line Spacing (dn dng)

Khong cch gia cc dng c th thay i nh \baselinestretch. V d

\baselinestretch 7 mm

C mt cch khc, l dng gi doublespace hoc gi setspace (mt trong hai gi ny u c). Cc mi trng c cung cp l singlespace (cho khong cch n), onehalfspace (cho khong cch bng 1.5 ln so vi bnh thng) v doublespace (gp i).

5.2

Format/Character (k t)

Cc tnh cht chun ca k t c lit k bng 4. Ch rng, c s khc bit khi dng kiu ch in nghing (italic) v khi dng macro \emph ( nhn mnh - emphasize). Vic dng cc font ch in nghing lun cho tc dng in nghing. Trong khi , macro \emph thng minh hn, s in nghing khi on vn mun nhn mnh ang kiu bnh thng, v s bnh thng khi on vn mun nhn mnh ang kiu in nghing. V d 19

5.2 Format/Character (k t)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Tnh cht \textnormal \textrm \textit \emph \textmd \textbf \textup \textsl \textsf \textsc \texttt \underline \mathrm \mathbf \mathsf \mathtt \mathit \mathnormal \mathcal

Mi trng textnormal rmfamily itshape n/a mdseries bfseries upshape slshape sffamily scshape ttfamily underline n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

V d kiu ch chnh ca ti liu roman in nghing emphasis trung bnh (mc nh) in m upright (mc nh) slanted sans serif ch hoa nh kiu nh my gch chn xn + xn = zn n = 2 xn + xn = zn n = 2 xn + xn = zn n = 2 xn + xn = zn n = 2 x n + x n = z n n = 2 xn + xn = z n n = ABCDEFGHIJ ...

Bng 4: Thuc tnh ca k t.

Bnh thng.... \emph{nhn mnh}....\\ \emph{Nhn mnh... \emph{bnh thng}... nhn mnh}

Bnh thng.... nhn mnh.... bnh thng Nhn mnh... bnh thng... nhn mnh

Cc c (logic - tng i) font chun c lit k bng 5. 5.2.1 Format/Character Size (c ch)

A Nu cc c ch mc nh (10, 11 v 12) m L TEX cung cp khng tha mn nhu cu ca bn, bn c th dng gi extsizes. Gi ny cung cp nhiu c ch khc nhau, gm: c t 8 n 12, c 14, c 17 v c 20.

Chng hn, bn mun vit mt bi bo nh (article) dng c ch 17 (17pt), bn hy khai bo nh sau:

\documentclass[17pt]{extarticle}

C mt cch khc c c cc c font ln l dng gi type1cm. Sau khi ti gi ny, bn c th chn c font nh sau:
\fontsize{72pt}{72pt}\selectfont Khng ht thuc

Khng ht thuc
20

5.2 Format/Character (k t)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Font size tiny scriptsize footnotesize small normalsize large Large LARGE huge Huge

Example
v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

Bng 5: Cc c font logic khc nhau.

5.2.2

Format/Character Font (kiu ch) Ch

A V cc font ting Vit trong L TEX, bn c th xem : http://viettug.sarovar.org/guides/ font/. A bo m tnh tng thch, kh chuyn v cho kt qu tt nht, L TEX dng font ring ca mnh, cc font METAFONT. A iu may mn l L TEX c th dng cc PostScript font. Bn hy th dng mt trong cc gi sau y:

avant, avangar, bookman, chancery, charter, courier, helvet, helvetic, ncntrsbk, newcent, palatcm, palatino, pifont, times, utopia, zapfchan.
A Hy lu rng, cc cng thc ton lun dng cc font ring ca L TEX; ngha l vic dng cc kiu font khc nhau ca bn khng nh hng n cc biu thc ton.

Cc gi va k trn c nh hng n ton ti liu. dng cc font PostScript ch cho mt vng no ca ti liu, bn hy dng cc macro thay i font nh trong v d di y. Cc h (kiu) font hay dng nht c lit k trong bng 6. Ch rng, mt s font c th khng c trn mt s h thng.
y l font Vit Nam CMR\\ {\fontfamily{cmss}\selectfont y l font Vit Nam CMSS!}

Ch

y l font Vit Nam CMR y l font Vit Nam CMSS!

Di y l cc macro lu tr cc font mc nh.

\rmdefault (roman) \sfdefault (sans serif) \ttdefault (typewriter - kiu nh my) \bfdefault (boldface - kiu in m)

21

5.2 Format/Character (k t)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Family cmr cmss cmtt pag pbk phv pnc ppl ptm pcr

Name Computer Modern Roman Computer Modern Sans Serif Computer Modern Typewriter Avantgarde Bookman Helvetica New Century Schoolbook Palatino Times Courier

Bng 6: H cc font hay dng.

\mddefault (medium - kiu trung bnh) \itdefault (italics - kiu in nghing) \sldefault (slanted) \scdefault (small caps - kiu ch hoa c nh) \updefault (upright)

i khi, bn mun thay th ton b mt kiu font no bi mt kiu khc. Chng hn, nu bn mun thay th cc font cmr trong vn bn bi cmss, bn c th dng
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{cmss}

5.2.3

Format/Character Colour (mu ch)

Bn c th dng gi color thay i mu ch. Cc mu c nh ngha trc l black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, v yellow. Bn cng c th nh ngha mu ca ring bn.
\textcolor{red}{y l mu .}\\ \color{blue} y l mu . y l mu xanh!\\ y l mu xanh! Dng ny cng c mu xanh.\\ \definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0.1,1,0.1} Dng ny cng c mu xanh. \color{mygreen} y l mu mi c nh ngha y l mu mi c nh ngha\\ Hp mu xanh da tri \color{black}% ch by gi c mu en \colorbox{cyan}{Hp mu xanh da tri}\\ Khung vn bn nn xanh l cy, vin xanh \fcolorbox{blue}{green}{% Khung vn bn nn xanh l cy, vin xanh}

22

5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Gi color cn cung cp cho bn macro \pagecolor. Bn c th on ra macro ny lm g ch?

5.3

Format/Paragraph (on vn)

A Trc ht, bn phi nh rng on trong L TEX l phn ti liu trong tp tin ngun c kt thc bng \\, hoc theo sau bi mt dng trng. A Mi trng l cch L TEX thit lp cc thuc tnh cho mt phn ca ti liu, v d thuc tnh c ch, canh l, v.v... iu ny ging nh khi trong Microsoft Word, bn chn mt phn ti liu vi chut, ri chn tnh cht (properties) ca phn vn bn (t menu ng cnh - chut phi).

Mt cch khc thit lp mi trng l t on ti liu vo trong cp du ngoc. Cc mi trng c s dng di dng
\begin{tn-mi-trng} ...vn bn thuc mi trng... \end{tn-mi-trng}

Chng hn, nu bn mun canh gia cho mt on vn, bn c th dng mi trng center:
\begin{center} on vn ny c canh gia \end{center}

on vn ny c canh gia

A Cc mi trng chun ca L TEX c lit k trong bng 7. Trong cc mc tip theo ca ti liu ny, bn s bit dng chng nh th no v khi no.

5.3.1

Format/Paragraph Horizontal Alignment (canh theo chiu ngang)

Theo mc nh, vn bn s c canh u (justify). canh tri, canh phi, canh gia bn dng cc mi trng flushleft, flushright, center tng ng. Bn c th dng cc macro \raggedleft, \raggedright, hoc \centering (vi tham s l phn vn bn cn canh l). Lu rng, cc macro ny khng bt u mt on vn mi. 5.3.2 Format/Paragraph Vertical Alignment (canh theo chiu ng)

A Cch L TEX chia ra cc on vn c th ni l kh hiu i vi cc ngi quen s dng cc chng trnh x l vn bn. Hy nh rng, cc dng trng, chui t hai khong trng lin tip nhau u c b qua.

thay i khong cch gia cc on vn, hy dng cc macro \smallskip, \medskip, \bigskip. Nu bn mun c thm khong cch, bn c th dng macro \vskip nh v d di y:

23

5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Mi trng array center description enumerate eqnarray equation figure flushleft flushright itemize letter list minipage picture quotation quote tabbing table tabular thebibliography theorem titlepage verbatim verse

Mc ch To cc mng ton hc Canh gia Danh sch m t Danh sch c th t (c nh s) Chui cc phng trnh c canh thng Phng trnh, biu thc ton Hnh v (float) Canh tri Canh phi Danh sch lit k Th t Danh sch tng qut To mt trang giy nh Hnh nh gm vn bn, mi tn, ng k, ng trn Trch dn (c tht u dng) Trch dn (khng tht u dng) Canh thng cc on vn bt k To bng Canh vn bn theo ct To th mc, danh sch ti liu tham kho nh l, b , nh ngha,... To trang tiu Gi lp bn phm my tnh Bi th, cu trch, v.v...

A Bng 7: Cc mi trng chun ca L TEX.

24

5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

on vn ny s cch on vn bn di mt khong chnh xc l 1.3 cm:\\ \vskip 1.3cm pha trn on vn ny l mt khong trng rng chnh xc 1.3cm.

on vn ny s cch on vn bn di mt khong chnh xc l 1.3 cm:

pha trn on vn ny l mt khong trng rng chnh xc 1.3cm.

rng macro \vskip ch lm vic nu bn t n gia cc on vn. Do , nu ngay sau khi bt u mt trang mi (chng hn bng \newpage), bn s khng thy tc dng ca vic dng macro \vskip. C mt cch gii quyt, l nh du bng macro \null. Macro ny, ng nh tn ca n, ch c tc dng nh du m khng in ra bt c iu g.
\null \vskip 1.3 cm Pha trn l khong trng 1.3 cm...

Pha trn l khong trng 1.3 cm... Cui cng, macro \vfill c dng chn t ng cc dng trng gia cc on vn v y li on vn i sau \vfill v tn cui trang. on vn u trang
on vn u trang\\\vfill on vn gia trang\\\vfill on vn cui trang

on vn gia trang on vn cui trang

5.3.3

Format/Paragraph Margins (margin ca on vn)

Cc margin c thit lp trong ton ti liu nh ni Mc 2.5. Vic thay i cc thit lp ny cho mt phn ca ti liu s khng c tc dng. Nu mun, bn phi to mi trng ring, nh trong v d di y:
% To mi trng mi c tn l margins % Mi trng c hai tham s: #1: margin tri; #2: margin phi \newenvironment{margins}[2] {% bt u mi trng \begin{list}{}{% \setlength{\leftmargin}{#1} % margin tri \setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}% margin phi } \item } {% kt thc mi trng \end{list} }

25

5.4 Format/Paragraph Border and Shade (K khung v to bng)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Vic dng mi trng mi c cho v d sau:

Nh bn thy, on vn ny bnh thng \begin{margins}{0.5cm}{1cm} Nhng on vn ny dng margin ring \end{margins}

Nh bn thy, on vn ny bnh thng Nhng on vn ny dng margin ring

5.3.4

Format/Paragraph Indentation (tht u dng)

thay i cch tht dng u tin ca mt on vn, dng macro \parindent. Trong v d sau, ta t khong cch tht u dng l 1 cm:
\setlength{\parindent}{1cm}

Macro \indent v macro \noindent cho php hay khng vic tht u dng on vn k tip. Cui cng, khong cch gia hai on vn c thay i bi \parskip:
\setlength{\parskip}{3pt}

5.4

Format/Paragraph Border and Shade (K khung v to bng)

ng khung mt on vn hay mt t, bn c th gi framed, hoc dng lnh \parbox. (Trong trng hp sau, bn phi np thm gi cal.) Di y l cch n gin nht, dng gi framed:
\setlength{\FrameRule}{2pt} \setlength{\FrameSep}{5pt} \begin{framed} y l on vn c ng khung! \end{framed} \definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.9,0.8,1} \begin{shaded} y l on vn c t bng, bn c thch n khng? \end{shaded}

y l on vn c ng khung!

y l on vn c t bng, bn c thch n khng?

Mt cch khc, l dng gi boxedminipage v dng cc mi trng tng ng. C th hn, nhm lnh sau
\framebox{ \begin{minipage}[c]{\linewidth} vn bn c ng khung \end{minipage} }

c hiu qu tng ng vi vic dng mi trng boxedminipage. Di y l v d dng macro \parbox:

26

5.5 Format/Colour (mu)

\noindent \fbox{ \parbox{\linewidth -2 \fboxsep -2 \fboxrule} {on vn c ng khung!} }

5 THE FORMAT MENU

on vn c ng khung!

Macro \linewidth dng xc nh chiu rng (tng i) ca khung theo rng ca dng. Tt nhin, thay v dng \linewidth -2 \fboxsep -2 \fboxrul nh trn, bn c th ch ra rng (tuyt i) ca khung nu bn thch. Cui cng, bn c th to mt khung vi rng bng vi rng ca vn bn c ng khung (vic tnh ton ny l t ng, bn khng phi quan tm):
khung rng bng rng ca t \framebox[\width]{i cu}

khung rng bng rng ca t i cu

Nu bn mun, chng hn, khung c rng bng hai ln rng ca t i Cu, bn c th dng:
khung rng bng hai ln rng ca t \framebox[2\width][l]{i cu}

khung rng bng hai ln rng ca t i cu

Trong v d trn, macro \framebox c gi vi tham s b sung th hai ([l]). Tham s ny cho bit cch canh l vn bn bn trong khung ( v d trn l canh tri).

5.5

Format/Colour (mu)

By gi, bn bit cch ng khung mt on vn. Lm th no t mu (nn) cho khung vn bn ?

\colorbox{yellow}{ \begin{minipage} {0.8\linewidth} on vn trong khung ny c t mu vng! \end{minipage} }

on vn trong khung ny c t mu vng!

Vui lng xem Mc 5.2.3 bit thm chi tit v vic dng mu.

5.6

Format/Columns (ct)

Cc macro \twocolumn v \onecolumn s bt u mt trang mi vi s ct vn bn l mt hoc hai tng ng. Cc macro ny c th t bt c u trong ti liu, v c th t nh l tham s khi gi \documentclass. Nu chng vn cha , bn c th dng gi multicol; gi ny cung cp mi trng multicols gip bn chia trang giy ra hai ct hay nhiu hn. Tham s u tin ca mi trng cho bit s ct, nh v d di y l 2.

27

6 THE TABLE MENU (TO BNG)

\columnseprule=2pt \begin{multicols}{2} Chiu rng khong cch gia cc ct vn bn c iu khin bi tham s \cmd{columnsep}, v chiu rng ca dng k gia cc ct c iu khin bi tham s \cmd{columnseprule}. Trong v d ny, tc gi dng \verb!\columnseprule=2pt!. \end{multicols}

Chiu rng khong cch gia cc ct vn bn khin bi tham s \columnseprule. Trong v c iu khin bi tham s \columnsep, v d ny, tc gi dng \columnseprule=2pt. chiu rng ca dng k gia cc ct c iu
\columnseprule=1pt \begin{multicols}{2}[Ch : t ra ngoi cc ct...] i khi, c mt phn vn bn no bn mun t ra ngoi cc ct, v d khi to cc mc vi \verb!\section{....}! Hy dng tham s b sung cho mi trng. \end{multicols}

Ch : t ra ngoi cc ct... i khi, c mt phn vn bn no bn mun \section{....} Hy dng tham s b sung t ra ngoi cc ct, v d khi to cc mc vi cho mi trng.

The Table Menu (to bng)

y l mt ch kh phc tp.... Di y l v d v bng.

\begin{table}[htbp] % th t u tin: here, top, bottom, separate page % \begin{small} % font cho bng \begin{center} % bng vo gia trang % % to bng vi 4 ct, canh theo t t: tri-gi-phi-c nh % \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|p{4cm}|} \hline % ng k ngang \textbf{Tri} & \textbf{Gia} & \textbf{Phi} & \textbf{4 cm} \\ \hline dng 1, ct 1 & dng 1, ct 2 & dng 1, ct 3 & dng 1, ct 4 \\ \cline{1-2} % ng k gia gia cc ct 1-2 dng 2, ct 1 & dng 2, ct 2 & dng 2, ct 3 & dng 2, ct 4 \\ \cline{1-2} \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{trn hai ct} & dng 3, ct 3 & dng 3, ct 4 \\ \cline{1-3} dng 4, ct 1 & dng 4, ct 2 & dng 4, ct 3 & ~ \hfill phi \\ % thm mt khong trng bng "\ " dng 5, ct 1 & dng 5, ct 2 & dng 5, ct 3 & tri \hfill ~ \\ dng 5, ct 1 & dng 5, ct 2 & dng 5, ct 3 & ~ \hfill gia \hfill ~ \\ \hline \end{tabular}

28

6 THE TABLE MENU (TO BNG)

\caption{V d v bng.} % t nhn y, c th tham kho cho % v d, "xem Bng~\ref{tab:sampletab}" \label{tab:sampletab} \end{center} % \end{small} \end{table}

Kt qu ca cc m trn l bng 8. Hy nh rng cc bng l float, c th c t vo v A tr theo ca L TEX (ch khng phi ca bn!); xem Mc 4.12. Tri Gia dng 1, ct 1 dng 1, ct dng 2, ct 1 dng 2, ct trn hai ct dng 4, ct 1 dng 4, ct dng 5, ct 1 dng 5, ct dng 5, ct 1 dng 5, ct 2 2 2 2 2 dng dng dng dng dng dng 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, Phi ct 3 ct 3 ct 3 ct 3 ct 3 ct 3 4 cm dng 1, ct 4 dng 2, ct 4 dng 3, ct 4 phi tri gia

Bng 8: V d v bng. i khi, mt bn qu rng s khng va kht trong mt trang giy. Trong trng hp ny, gi rotating cung cp mi trng sidewaystables xoay cc bng theo chiu ngang hay hc. Ngoi ra, gi longtable cung cp cc bng c th t ng ct ra nhiu phn cc trang khc nhau nu bng qu di. [TODO: thm cc v d.] thm mu cho cc trong bng, bn c th dng gi colortbl:
i mu theo dng:\\\vskip 2mm \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|} \hline \rowcolor{cyan} mt & hai & ba\\ \rowcolor{green} mt & hai & ba\\ \rowcolor{yellow} mt & hai & ba\\ \hline \end{tabular}

i mu theo dng: mt mt mt hai hai hai ba ba ba

29

7 THE TOOLS MENU

i mu theo ct:\\\vskip 2mm \begin{tabular} {|>{\columncolor{cyan}}l |>{% mu ch: ; mu ct: green; canh: gia i mu theo ct: \color{red} \columncolor{green}}c |>{\columncolor{yellow}}r| mt hai ba } mt hai ba \hline mt hai ba mt & hai & ba\\ mt & hai & ba\\ mt & hai & ba\\ \hline \end{tabular}

[TODO: gi floatflt thay i float ca bng.]

7
7.1

The Tools Menu

Tools/Default Language (ngn ng)

A Ngn ng mc nh dnh cho L TEX l ting Anh, tuy nhin, cc ngn ng khc cng c A h tr. Nu bn mun dng ting Vit vi L TEX, bn c th s dng gi VnTeX (xem http: //vntex.sarovar.org/ bit thm chi tit). Mt s cc tp tin mu c km theo ti liu ny A cho bn v d v s dng ting Vit trong L TEX.

Nu bn dng nhiu ngn ng trong cng mt ti liu, bn c th dng gi babel nh sau:

\usepackage[english,vietnam]{babel}

Trong v d trn, ngn ng c dng sau cng l ting Vit. [TODO: v d s dng gi babel]

7.2

Tools/Hyphenation

A Although L TEX does a good job at hyphenating words, sometimes manual intervention may yield better results. Manual hyphenations are specified inserting \- where we want the word to be broken. A better way is to declare hyphenation rules:

\hyphenation{ge-o-phy-sics, ge-o-lo-gy, earth}

A The above declaration instructs L TEX not to hyphen the word earth. Another way to prevent a word to be hyphenated is to enclose it in \mbox:

Do not hyphen \mbox{internationalisation}.

30

7.3 Tools/Spell Check

9 THE END (LI CUI)

7.3

Tools/Spell Check

A Spell checking the text is not something L TEX is aware of; it is another tools work. Under Unix, you can use ispell this way:

shell> ispell -t mydocument.tex

A The -t switch instructs ispell to ignore TEX and L TEX commands. If your language is different than English, specify the appropriate dictionary with the -d switch:

shell> ispell -d italiano -t mydocument.tex

The Help Menu (gip )

A Khi bn cn s gip trong vic s dng L TEX, bn c th c c ti liu bng nhiu cch khc nhau, bao gm online v offline. Bn nn tham kho a ch http://www.ctan.org/ tex-archive/info/ c thm cc thng tin rt hu ch. A info latex (h thng Unix) cho bn cc thng tin kh y v L TEX;

http://www.giss.nasa.gov/latex/ cha ti liu tham kho (online) v rt nhiu lin kt c ch.

A http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/LatexHelpBook/ cha cc gip v L TEX, thch hp cho ngi dng Windows.

nhm tin news:comp.text.latex.

A Nhiu bn phn phi GNU/Linux c ng gi teTeX, mt trong nhng h thng TEX/L TEX y v kh ph bin. Rt nhiu ti liu i cng vi phn phi ca teTeX v chng thng c t trong th mc TeXMF/doc.

i vi ngi dng MikTeX (Windows), hy n cc th mc TeXMF/doc v TeXMF/source. A Cc th mc ny cha rt nhiu ti liu, v d, m ngun gip bn s dng L TEX. Ngoi ra, nu bn c th tham gia cng ng VitTUG (nhm ngi Vit Nam s dng TEX) c c s gip hon ton min ph.

The End (Li cui)

This document is c Guido Gonzato, 2001, and released under the GNU General Public Licence. I really hope youll find this guide useful. For any suggestions or comments, please feel free to contact me. ccc gi bn quyn bn dch ting Vit ca ti liu ny, c 2004. Ti liu hng dn ny c ccc bin dch sang ting Vit t bn gc (ting Anh) ca tc gi Guido Gonzato v phn phi li theo giy php GNU LGPL (Lesser General Public License).

31

9 THE END (LI CUI) Bn nn tham kho giy php GNU LGPL bit thm chi tit v cc iu kin s dng, phn phi v thay i ti liu ny cng m ngun ca n. Hy vng rng ti liu ny s c ch cho bn. Nu bn c kin, ngh g ng gp, xin vui lng lin lc vi ccc. Xin cm n.

32

A CC MU TI LIU

Cc mu ti liu

Mu ti liu tng ng vi lp article c gii thiu Mc 2.1. Di y l mt s mu A ng vi cc lp khc ca L TEX. Bn c th t nh my cc mu ny, hoc chp m ngun t a ch http://vntex.sarovar.org/download/
\documentclass[twoside,11pt]{book} \usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % URL: http://vntex.sarovar.org/ \begin{document} \frontmatter \begin{titlepage} \title{Cun sch u tin} \end{titlepage} \author{ccc} \maketitle \tableofcontents \mainmatter \part{Phn M u} \chapter{Chng Gii thiu} \section{Mc Bt u} Ni dung chng u tin. \part{Phn Kt thc} \backmatter Cm n bn c cun sch ny. \end{document}

Hnh 3: Mu to cun sch.

33

A CC MU TI LIU

\documentclass[twoside,12pt]{report} \usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % URL: http://vntex.sarovar.org/ % lit k cc bng v hnh v float cui \usepackage{endfloat} \begin{document} \frontmatter \title{Bo co cui cng} \author{ccc} \date{Qung Nam, \today} \maketitle \begin{abstract} y l bo co cui cng. \end{abstract} \tableofcontents \listoftables \listoffigures \mainmatter \part{Phn bt u} \section{Gii thiu} Bt u ni dung bo co. \end{document}

Hnh 4: Mu to bo co.

\documentclass[12pt]{letter} \usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % URL: http://vntex.sarovar.org/ \begin{document} \address{a ch ngi gi} \signature{Ch k} \begin{letter}{a ch ngi nhn} \opening{Nga thn mn!} Thank you for being my friend. \closing{Mong sm gp li bn!} \ps{P.S. Cho t gi li thm My!} \encl{Hnh v ca gia nh ti!} \end{letter} \end{document}

Hnh 5: Mu to l th.

34

A CC MU TI LIU

\documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage{type1cm} \usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} \usepackage{times} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{rotating} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{sidewaysfigure} \fontsize{2.5cm}{2.5cm}\selectfont \centerline{\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{Vui lng:}}} \vskip 1cm \fontsize{4cm}{3cm}\selectfont \centerline{\textcolor{red}{\MakeUppercase{Khng}}} \centerline{\textcolor{red}{\MakeUppercase{ht}}} \centerline{\textcolor{red}{\MakeUppercase{ y!}}} \vskip 1cm \fontsize{2cm}{2cm}\selectfont \centerline{\textcolor{magenta}{Nu bn ht,}} \centerline{\textcolor{magenta}{bn s \emph{b pht!}}} \end{sidewaysfigure} \end{document}

Hnh 6: Mu to thng bo.

35

A CC MU TI LIU

\newif\ifpdf \ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \pdffalse \else \pdftrue \pdfoutput=1 \fi \documentclass{article} \usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % vit ting Vit % xem: http://vntex.sarovar.org/ \usepackage[absolute,showboxes]{textpos} \usepackage{color} % c mu \usepackage{framed} % to khung \ifpdf \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \pdfcompresslevel=9 \else \usepackage{graphicx} \fi \usepackage{graphicx} % np hnh v

\setlength{\TPHorizModule}{10mm} % n v tnh chiu di \setlength{\TPVertModule}{\TPHorizModule} \setlength{\TPboxrulesize}{1pt} % chiu rng ca ng vin khung % bt u mi th t gn gc trn bn tri ca trang \textblockorigin{0mm}{0mm} \begin{document} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.9,1,1} \begin{textblock}{5}(0,0) % Khi ny c rng l 5 n v % Chiu cao ca khi c tnh t ng. \begin{center} \begin{minipage}[c]{0.8 \linewidth} \begin{shaded} Gc pha trn bn tri ca khi vn bn ny trng vi \emph{gc} tnh ta ca trang; gc ny c t ta (0mm,0mm). \MakeUppercase{} khi ny, th \emph{khung}, \emph{chiu rng} ca margin, \emph{mu v bng} c c nh dng mi trng \texttt{minipage} v \texttt{shaded}. \end{shaded} \end{minipage} \end{center} \end{textblock} \begin{textblock}{6}(10,1) \ifpdf \includegraphics[width=6cm,angle=-90]{gnuplot.pdf} \else \includegraphics[width=6cm,angle=-90]{gnuplot.ps} \fi Hnh v ny c t ta (10,1). Lu rng vic xoay n mt gc $90^0$ theo chiu kim ng h lm hnh v b trn ra ngoi khung. \end{textblock} \begin{textblock}{5}[0.5,0.5](2.5,8) Khi ny c t v tr (2.5,8), nhng v ta s dng tham s b sung [0.5,0.5], nn tm ca khi c t vo v tr (2.5,8), ch khng phi l gc trn bn tri ca khi. \end{textblock} \begin{textblock}{3,4}(6,4) Kch thc ca khi ny l $3cm\times 4cm$. Gc ta (tng i) ca khi ny c t v tr (6,7) trn trang. \emph{Ch rng cc ch b trn ra ngoi khi. Bn c th dng \texttt{minipage} trnh iu ny.} \end{textblock} \end{document}

Hnh 7: Cch thit k mt poster.

36