Nhng thng s c bn ca h thng camera

1, nhy sng - Minimum Illumination

Khi chng ta chn camera, thng thng ty vo mc ch ca mnh m chng ta
chn camera no l ph hp. Trong mt lot cc bi vit Cc thng s c bn ca
camera chng ti s gip bn chn c nhng camera p ng c nhu cu ca
bn.
Khi quan st cc khu vc c nh sng khc nhau, mt thng s m chng ta cn
ch l Minimum Illumination: Cng nh sng nh nht.
Thng c tnh bng Lux, Lux l n v dn xut c tnh cho cng sut nh
sng chiu trn mt din tch 1m2. Thng s ny cho chng ta bit cng nh
sng ti thiu m cm bin nh sng ca camera c th nhn bit c mu sc
gia cc vt th. Trong iu kin cng sng nh hn cng sng nh nht
m camera cm nhn c, th chng ta phi lp thm n chiu sng tng
cng sng, hoc lp thm n hng ngoi nu camera c h tr hng ngoi,

hoc thay th bng camera c cng sng ti thiu nh hn hoc chng ta thay
bng camera quan st hng ngoi khc mi c th quan st c.
Mt s v d v cng sng trong t nhin:
* nh sng Mt Tri trung bnh trong ngy c ri dao ng trong khong
32.000 (32 klx) ti 100.000 lux (100 klx)
* Cc trng quay truyn hnh c chiu sng vi ri khong 1.000 lux (1 klx)
* Mt vn phng sng sa c ri khong 400 lux
* Vo thi im hong hn v bnh minh, nh sng ngoi tri cng c ri
khong 400 lux (nu tri trong xanh).
* nh sng phn chiu t Mt Trng c ri khong 1 lux
* nh sng t cc ngi sao c ri khong 0,00005 lux (= 50 lx)
Mt s camera quan st c chc nng Auto Iris (T ng hiu chnh nh sng).
c im ca Camera loi ny l ch vi 1 ngun sng nh, n c th t ng
khuych i ngun sng ln c th quan st c.
2, Bng thng s quy i gc m ca ng knh
Khi chng ta thit k mt h thng camera gim st, vic chn ng knh rt quan
trng. Vic chn ng knh quyt nh n vng v khong cch cn quan st. Sau
y chng ti xin gii thiu ti cc bn bng thng s quy i xc nh c
din tch ca vng quan st (gc m ca ng knh)
Kch thc cm
ng knh
bin
1/4 CCD
2.8mm
3.5mm
4mm
4.8mm
6mm
8mm
12.5mm
16mm
17mm
25mm
35mm
50mm

Gc quan st
ngang
6528
5425
4827
4106
3323
2521
1623
1250
1205
814
553
407

Gc quan st
dc
5128
4211
3717
3125
2521
1909
1219
938
904
610
425
305

Gc quan st
cho
7734
6528
5842
5013
4106
3125
2024
1600
1504
1017
721
509

1/3 CCD

1/2 CCD

75mm
8.5-51mm
12.5-75mm
11-110mm
16-160mm

244
2354 ~ 402
1623 ~ 244
1835 ~ 152
1250 ~ 117

203
1802 ~ 301
1219 ~ 203
1359 ~ 124
938 ~ 058

326
2939 ~ 503
2024 ~ 326
2307 ~ 220
1600 ~ 136

2.8mm
3.5mm
4mm
4.8mm
6mm
8mm
12.5mm
16mm
17mm
25mm
35mm
50mm
75mm
8.5-51mm
12.5-75mm
11-110mm
16-160mm

8112
6852
6155
5307
4336
3323
2144
1703
1604
1058
750
529
339
3132 ~ 523
2144 ~ 339
2436 ~ 229
1703 ~ 143

6528
5425
4827
4106
3323
2521
1623
1250
1205
814
553
407
244
2354 ~ 402
1623 ~ 244
1835 ~ 152
1250 ~ 117

9356
8112
7344
6400
5307
4106
2659
2114
2000
1341
947
652
434
3852 ~ 643
2659 ~ 434
3030 ~ 307
2114 ~ 208

2.8mm
3.5mm
4mm
4.8mm
6mm
8mm
12.5mm
16mm
17mm
25mm

9737
8452
7719
6722
5608
4336
2843
2237
2119
1435

8112
6852
6155
5307
4336
3323
2144
1703
1604
1058

11000
9737
9000
7936
6722
5307
3529
2804
2628
1810

35mm
50mm
75mm
8.5-51mm
12.5-75mm
11-110mm
16-160mm

1026
719
453
4115 ~ 710
2843 ~ 453
3226 ~ 319
2237 ~ 217

750
529
339
3132 ~ 523
2144 ~ 339
2436 ~ 229
1703 ~ 143

1302
908
606
5024 ~ 858
3529 ~ 606
3957 ~ 409
2804 ~ 251

3, Chun H.264
Chun nn hnh nh l g?
- Chun nn hnh nh c hiu n gin l mt phng thc nn hnh nh
nhm lm gim lng d liu ca mt tp ti liu video. Phng thc nn ny
c cc t chc c uy tn trn th gii cng nhn v a vo s dng. V vy n
c coi l mt chun.
Tn ca chun nn do t chc pht trin, quy nh v t tn.
Hin nay trn th gii c nhiu chun nn hnh nh ra i theo thi gian, cc chun
nn hnh nh cng v sau cng c nhiu ci tin v cng ngh nn. Tc l lng d
liu hay ni cch khc kch thc ca tp tin video sau khi nn c gim nhiu
hn so vi cc chun nn trc, nhng cht lng li tt hn. ng ngha vi iu
l cc thut ton v phng thc x l ngy cng phc tp hn.
Chun nn s dng trong lnh vc anh ninh gim st t trc ti nay (khng k
bng t) Motion JPEG, MPEG-4 Part 2 v hin nay chun nn mi nht c s
dng l H.264
H.264 l gi?
H.264 l chun nn m c cng b chnh thc vo nm 2003, hin l chun h
tr cng ngh nn tin tin v hiu qu nht hin nay. V n ang dn c a
vo thnh chun nn tiu chun ca ngnh cng ngh an ninh gim st bng hnh
nh. H.264 (cn c gi l chun MPEG-4 Part 10/AVC for Advanced Video
Coding hay MPEG-4 AVC) n k tha nhng u im ni tri ca nhng chun
nn trc y. ng thi s dng nhng thut ton nn v phng thc truyn
hnh nh mi phc tp, phng php nn v truyn hnh nh m chun H.264 s
dng lm gim ng k d liu v bng thng truyn i ca video.

Vi cch nn v truyn thng tin bng chun H.264 lm gim n 50% bng thng
v kch thc file d liu lu tr so vi cch nn thng thng hin nay (chun
nn thng thng hin nay ang c s dng rng ri l MPEG-4 Part 2) v gim
ti hn 80% bng thng v kch thc file d liu lu tr so vi nn bng chun
Motion JPEG. iu cho chng ta thy vi cng mt h thng nu chng ta s
dng chun nn mi chng ta c thi gian lu tr gp i v bng thng mng
gim i mt na, li ch m chng ta thy ngay l chi ph cho lu tr d liu
video gim mt na so vi dng h thng c chun nn thng thng. Ngoi ra
vic truyn hnh nh chim bng thng gim mt na, v vy chi ph dnh cho thu
bng thng mng cng gim ng k. Hoc chng ta c th tng cht lng hnh
nh gim st ln gp i nhng vn m bo c bng thng v thi gian lu tr
nh trc y. y l mt li th rt ln, bi vi mt h thng an ninh ln, gii
quyt vn bng thng mng v thi gian lu tr l rt phc tp. Vi chun nn
H.264 n gii quyt c rt nhiu nhng kh khn nh vy.
Vi vic gim c bng thng ca chun nn H.264 thc y cho dng camera
nt cao (hay cn gi Camera Megapixel) c c hi pht trin mnh m. Vi
nhng h thng gim st quan trng cn hnh nh r nt th la chn cc camera
nt cao v u ghi h tr chun nn H.264 l hon ton hp l.
Chun nn H.264 c k vng l cn gi mi, to thm sinh kh thc y s
pht trin ca ngnh an ninh gim st pht trin mnh m hn.
a ch lin h :
CNG TY CP K THUT S SI GN
Tr s chnh: S 96/156 - Tam Trinh - Q.Hong Mai - TP. H Ni
T: 04 - 36 36 94 36 Fax 04 - 36 36 94 38
Chi nhnh HCM: S590C2 - ng CMT8 - P11- Q3-TP. H Ch Minh
Website: http://www.thegioianninh.com.vn