Bi tp

Trong in mi ng cht tuyn tnh ng hng c = const, = const . 0 =

Khng c in tch t do tn ti trng in t bin thin tn s gc c
( ) ( ) ( ) sin sin cos
x y z
H x y t e
r
r
vi
x

l hng s
1> tm vct cng in trng
E
r
?
2> chng t,
E
r
H
r
tha mn h phng trnh maxwell nu

2 2 2
x y
+
3> tnh xut in ng cm ng trong vng kn hnh vung OABCO bng 2 cch
a> dng biu thc
.
OABCO
e E dl

r r

b> dng bin thc e
t

Gii:
1> ( ) ( ) ( ) sin sin cos
x y z
H x y t e
r
r

V
0
nn
E
rotH
t

r
r
E
rotH
t

r
r
M
x y z
Z Z
x y
x y y x
Z
e e e
H H
rotH o e e
o o H



r r r
r
r r
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin cos cos cos sin cos
x y x y y x x y
e x y t e x y t
r r
nn
1
4
x x y y
E rot dt E e E e

r
r r
vi
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
sin cos sin
2
cos sin sin
y
x x y
x
y x y
E x y t
E x y t

'

2> rotE
t

r
r
x y t
y
x
z
x y
x y
e e e
E
E H H
o e
t x y t
E E o

_



,
r r r
r
r
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
sin
sin sin sin sin
sin sin sin
x y x x y y
x y
t
x y x y
x y t

1
+
]

2 2 2
x y
+
3>
.
OABCO
e E dl

r r
. . . .
A B C D
o A B C
E dl E dl E dl E dl + + +

r r r r r r r r
( ) [ ] . . . . . 1 cos( ) sin
A l l
x x y y x x x
x o o o
y
E dl E e E e dx e E dx l t

+

r r
r r r
. cos( ) 1 sin .cos
B l
y y x
A o
x
E dl E dy l t l
y

1
]
r r
[ ] . 1 cos( ) sin .cos( )
C
x y
x B
y
Edl l t l

r r
[ ]
0
. cos( ) 1 sin .
x
x
y C
E dl l t

r r
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.
.
sin
sin
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
. .
y
x
x y y x
x y
t
t
e l l l l




+
.
( ) ( )
2 2
sin 1 cos 1 cos
.
x y
x y
x y
e t l l



+
+
.
M
2 2 2
.
x y
+
nn.
( ) ( )
1 cos 1 cos .sin .
x y
x y
e l l t

0 0

( sin .sin .cos . )( . )
cos
cos . sin .sin . (1 cos )(1 cos ).
x y z z
S S S
e e
x y x y
x y
e
t
Bds Hds x y t e ds e
t
t x y dxdy l l

ur r uur r ur ur

( ) ( )
1 cos 1 cos .sin .
x y
x y
e l l t
t

BI TP TNG T:
Trong mi trng c
1; 1; 0
r r

tn ti 1 n trng t bin thin tn s gc

c: sin .sin .cos .
z
H x y t e
uur ur
a) xc nh cng in trng
E
ur
?
b) Tnh sut in ng cm ng e trong vng kn OABCO nh bi trn?
Gii:
Cch 1:
Theo kt qu ca bi trn vi
1
x y


ta c:
a) ( )
0
1
sin sin .cos sin .cos
x y
E e x y e y x


ur uur uur
b) ( )
2
0
1 cos .sin e l t
vi
( )
( )
0 0
0 0
r
r




Cch 2:
a)
D D
rot H J
t t

+

uuur uuur
uur ur
(v 0 J E
ur ur
)
M
( )
rotH = cos sin .cos sin .cos
0 0
x y t
z z
x y x y
x y
Z
e e e
H H
o e e t e x y e y x
y x
H

r r r
ur uur uur
r r
( )
0 0 0
D 1 sin
E= sin .cos sin .cos
x y
t
rotHdt e x y e y x

uur uur
b)
( )
( )
2
0
2
0
cos 1 cos
sin 1 cos
s
Bds t l
e t l
t

ur r
Bi tp
Dy dn bng ng c dn in
7 12
0
5, 8.10 ; 8,854.10 s m F m

dng
hnh tr c ng knh L=1 mm,mang dng in hnh sin c cng 1A,tn s 50 Hz
.Tnh mt dng in dn v mt dng in dch trong dy dn.coi dng in phn
phi u theo tit din dy .
Gii:
Mt dng dn
:
( ) ( )
12 6
7
11
8, 854.10 4.10
. .100 cos100
5,8.10
6,11.10 cos(100 )
dan dan
dich
dich
dich
J J D E
J
t t t t
J t
J t

Mt dng in dch:

( ) ( )
12 6
7
11
8, 854.10 4.10
. .100 cos100
5, 8.10
6,11.10 cos(100 )
dan dan
dich
dich
dich
J J D E
J
t t t t
J t
J t

Bi tp
Trong mi trng c
0
; 4
r

tn ti mt in t trng bin thin vi cng
in trng c dng : ( )
7
, 10cos(6 .10 0, 4 ) ( )
x
v
E z t z e
m

r
r
a> in trng trn c tnh cht th hay khng ?
b> xc nh cng t trng
H
r
?
GII
a>
( )
7
rotE = 0 0 4 sin 6 .10 0, 4
0 0
x y z
x
y y
X
e e e
E
e e t z
z z
E




r r r
ur
r r
V
rotE 0
ur
nn in trng khng c tnh cht th
b> cch 1:
Cch 2:
( )
7
0
rotE rotE dt
1
cos 6 .10 0, 4 ( )
6
y
B
B
t
B B A
H e t z
m

r
ur r r
r r
r
r
Ta c tng tr sng

0
0
60 ( )
4




( )
7
1
. . cos 6 .10 0, 4 ( )
6
y y y
H A
H H e e e t z
m



r
r r
r r r
Ch :
E H
r r
v c bin tha
m m
E H
r r
Bi tp
in mi c thm in ,
0
80
, dn in ,
15/ m
,xc nh tn s
bin dng in dn bng bin dng in dch .
Gii
Ta c
(I dn : bin dng dn)
vy
dan dich
dan dan
I I
I I

th
phi c

12
1
1
225( )
2 6, 28.80.8,85.10
f MHZ

Bi tp
Trong mi trng c
1; 1; 0
r r

, tn ti mt sng in t phng,lan truyn
theo chiu dng trc z vi cng t trng c dng:
6 7
( , ) 4.10 .cos(2 .10 ).
y
H z t t z e

uur uur
(A/m).Hy xc nh cng in trng E(z,t) ?
Gii
cch 1 : Ta c h s pha:
7
0 0 8
2 .10
0, 21( / )
3.10
rad m
C


dan
.sin ;
. . ( )
cos cos
dich dich
dan
dich dich
i
i t J
s
E s J S i
i s J s
t t t s
I
J t I t

0
0
6 3
3 7
120 ( )
4.10 .120 1, 51.10 ( / )
( , ) . 1, 51.10 cos(2 .10 0, 21 ). ( / )
m m
x x
E H V m
E z t E e t z e V m

ur uur
ur ur uur uur

Cch 2:
p dng phng php bi u (trang 1) vi
7
6
2 10
4.10
m
H

'

7
6
2 10
4.10
m
H

'

0 0
y
X
H
B E
rot H e
t z t

uuur
ur ur
uur uur
( )
0
cos
m
x
H
E e t z

_


,
uuur
ur uur
(1)
0
x
y
E B H
rot E e
t z t

uur ur uur
ur uur

2
0 0 0
0
m
m
H
H
C




(2)
Thay (1) vo(2) ta c kt qa ging cch 1
Bi tp
Ti im P trn mt phn cch 2 mi trng in mi ( )
0 2 0
6 , 2
r

V pha mi trng 1,
E
ur
c cc thnh phn
4 3
10 ( / ), 5.10 ( / ),
rx ry
E V m E V m
Trc y vung gc vi mt phn cch 2 mi trng. tm
2, 2
E D
uuuruur
?
Ga thit trn mt phn cch khng c in tch t do.
Gii:
iu kin b:

( )
( )
2 1
2 1
0
0
x
n D D
n E E

'

r uur uur
uur uur uur vi (0,1, 0)
y
n e
r uur

( )
( )
2 1
2 1
3 0
0
x
y
y
e E E
e E E

'

uur uur uuur

r uur uur

( )
( )
2 1
2 1
3 0
0
y y
z z
E E
E E

'

vi
2 1
0
x x
E E

4
2 1
10 ( / )
x x
E E V m

3
2 1
3 15.10 ( / )
y y
E E V m

2 1
0
z z
E E
Vy
2
4
10 ( 1, 5 )
x y
E e e +
uur uur uur
(v/m)
2
4
2 2 0
2 .10 ( 1, 5 )
x y
D E e e +
uur uur uur uur
( )
2
/ V m
Bi tp Trong mi trng
1;
r

ca h trc ta cu c cng in trng vi
vect cng trng: cos sin
r
E e e

ur ur uur
, hy xc nh mt in tch khi

do
in trng my gy ra ?
Gii:
S dng h ta cu vi:
0, 0, 0,
r
E E E


ta c:

=
0 0
( ) divD div E divE
ur ur ur
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
cos
(sin ) 1 1 (sin )
0
(sin ) (sin )
R
R E R
E
divE
R R R R R R

+

ur
Vy

=0
Bi tp tng t
Min Z<0, l khng gian t do , min Z>0 , l in mi l tng c
2c
E
r
0
4

cng in trng trong min 1 (Z<0) l :
0 0 0 0
cos ( . ) cos ( . )
i r x
E E t z E t z e
1
+ +
]
r
r
Trong min 2 :
2 0 0
cos ( 2 . .)
t x
E E t z e
r
r
Vi
, ,
i r t
E E E const
1> tm
1 2
, H H
r r
gn vi
1 2
, E E
r r
2> tm lin h gia
r
E
v
i
E
,
t
E
v
i
E
gii
1> t
0 0

( ) ( ) 1 cos cos
i r x
E E t z E t z e + + 1
]
ur uur
( ) 2 cos 2
t x
E E t z e
ur uur
V
0
B H
rot E
t t

ur uur
ur
nn
0 0
1
y
x
e
E
H rotEdt dt
z

uur
uur
( ) ( )
1 0
1
0 0
cos cos
y
x
i r y
e
E
H dt E t z E t z e
z

+ 1
]

uur
uur uur
( )
2 0
2
0 0
2 cos 2
y
x
t y
e
E
H dt E t z e
z

uur
uuur uur
2) p dng iu kin b(ti z=0)
( )
( )
2 1
2 1
0
0
x
x
n E E
n H H

'

r uur uur
uur uuur uur (0, 0,1)
z
n e
r ur
( )
( )
2 1
2 1
. 0
. 0
z x
z y
e e E E
e e H H

'

uuruur
r r
2 1
2 1
cos cos cos
2 cos cos cos
t i r
t i r
E t E t E t E E
H H E t E t E t


+

' '


vi(z=0)
3
2 2
3
i
r
t i r
t i r i
t
E
E
E E E
E E E E
E

+


' '

Chng t iu kin b i vi vect phn cc

p
mt phn chia 2 in mi
1)
( ) ( )
1 0 2 2 0 1 t t
p p
2)
( ) ( )
1 1 0 2 2 2 0 1
. .
n n
p p
Gii
( )

E E D p
0 0

0

p
E
;
0
0
.

p
D
1)iu kin b;
0 ) (
1 2


E E t

0
0 1
1
0 2
2

,
_

p p
t

0 1
1
0 2
2

t t
p p

) ( ) (
0 2 1 0 1 2

t t
p p
2)iu kin b:



) (
1 2
D D n

0
0 1
1 1
0 2
2 2

,
_

p p
n

0 1
1 1
0 2
2 2

n n
p p
n n
p p
1 0 2 1 2 0 1 2
) ( ) (
Trong mi trng 1 chim min z 0 c trng bi 0
1
,
0 1

;
0 1
4
. Mi
trng 2 chim min z < 0 c trng bi 0
2
,
0 2

;
0 2
2
. Trng trong mi
min khng ph thuc thi gian v l trng u. Cm ng t trong mi trng 1 cho
bi:

,
_

+ +

z
y
x
e e e B 5 4 2
1
(B
o
: hng s)
Mt phn chia 2 mi trng mang dng in dn mt c mt mt:

,
_

y x
s
e e
B
J 2
0
0

Xc nh cm ng t

2
B
trong mi trng 2
Gii
0
1


0 1



n e z

0 1
4
y

0
2


0 2


0 2
2


x
iu kin b:

'

,
_

,
_

s
J H H n
B B n
2 1
2 1
0

'

;
5
0
0
1 2
0 1 2

B
H H
B B B
y y
z z

0
0
1 2
2

B
H H
x x

'

0 2
0 2
0 2
5
4
5
B B
B B
B B
z
y
x

) 5 5 (
0

+ +
z y x
e e e B B
Ch :

n
hng t 2 sang 1
Cho
) . sin( z t E e E
x


. Tm
?

B
S; ) . sin( z t
E
e B
m
y

Cho
) . cos( z t e e E
z
y

. Tm
?

B
S :
( ) ( ) [ ] z t z t
e E
e B
z
m
x

sin . cos .
.
Chng t ti mt phn chia S ca 2 in mi (
1 1
, ) v (
2 2
, ). Ta c :
2 2 1 1
cot . cot . g g v
2 2 1 1
cot . cot . g g trong v

l gc hp bi
php tuyn

n
ca mt S vi vecto cng trng in, cng trng t
Gii

1 1
; (S)

2 2
;
0 ) (
2 1


D D n

2 1
. . D n D n

2 2 1 1
cos . cos . D D

2 2 2 1 1 1
cos . . cos . E E (1)
0 ) (
2 1


D D n

2 2 1 1
sin . sin . E E (2)
T (1) v (2) :
2 2 1 1
cot . cot . g g
0 ) (
2 1


B B n

2 2 1 1
cos . cos . B B (3)

2 2 2 1 1
cos . . cos . . B H
0 ) (
2 1


s
J H H n

2 2 1 1
sin . sin .

H H
(4)
T (3) v (4) :
2 2 1 1
cot . cot . g g
Mi trng 1 l chn khng, mi trng 2 l in mi, S l mt phn chia 2 mi trng.
Chng t ti mt phn chia S:
1)
0
2
2 1

n
n n
P
E E
; P
2n
l thnh phn php tuyn ca vect phn cc

2
p
ti S
2)
n n n
M H H
2 2 1

; M
2n
l thnh phn php tuyn ca vect t ha

2
M
ti S
Gii
(1)
2 2
;
(S)
(2)
1 1
;
1)


2 0 1 2 0 2 2
E D E D p
(
) ( ) (
2
1 s D s D

)
) (
2 1 0 2

E E p

) (
2
1
0 2
E n E n p n
0
2
2 1

n
n n
p
E E
2)
0
1
1

B
H

2
0
2
2
M
B
H

) (
1
2 1
0
2 2 1

+ B B M H H

+
2 2
1
0
2 2 1
) (
1
) ( M n B B n M n H H n

v
0 ) ( 2
1


B B n
n n n
M H H
2 2 1

Bi 1: Th in ca trng in tnh phn b nh sau:
1) = ta cu
2) = ta tr
Hy tm phn b cng trng in v phn b in tch trong khng gian? ( )
Gii
1) = ta cu
= - grad = 0, = 0
= - grad = - = , =
Ti : R = ta c: = ( ) - ( ) =
R > R
0
= div = 0
R < R
0
= div = 0
2) = ta tr
Ti: r = ta c: = D
2n
(r
0
) D
1n
(r
0
) =
r > r
0


= div = 0
r < r
0


= div = 0
Bi 2: th in trong cc h trc ta c dng:
Gii:
a) 0 ; 0, ; 0
= (R
2
) + (sin ) = 2E
0
cos ( ) - 2E
0
cos ( ) = 0
b) 0 , ; 0, ; 0
= - 2E
0
cos ( ) + E
0
cos ( ) = 0
c) 0 ; 0, ; 0
= + = 6y 6y = 0 tha phng trnh laplace
Bi 3: mt trc mang in mt di nm dc trc z, tnh thong lng vect cng
in trng gi qua mt phng x = 1. Nm gia 2 hai mt phng z = 0 v z = 1. Cho
Gii:
= r d dz z
=
1 z = 1
y
1 z = 0
X
Trong mi trng c = 3 tn ti in trng c: = + R sin
Trong h ta cu, tm in tch q trong in tch gii hn bi cc mt : x = 0, y = 0, z =
0
V mt cu bn knh n v tm gc ta ?
Gii:
Ta c: = div = div( ) = 3 div
div = +
= + (R sin
2
)
= 4R + 2cos = 2( 2R + cos )
Vy: = 6 ( 2 R + cos )
M: q = = 6
q = 2
Ch :
trong HTT cu Trong h ta tr
dV = R
2
sin d
R
d d dV = rd
r
d d
z
= ( R
2
sin d
R
d d ) = (d d
z
)
= ( R sin d
R
d ) = ( d d )
= ( Rd
R
d ) = (rd d )