Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms

Trang 1
Dng 1: Cho hm s ( , ) y f x m = c tp xc nh D. Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s n iu trn D
Cch gii
- Hm s ng bin trn D
'
0, y x D > e
- Hm s nghch bin trn D
'
0, y x D s e
Ch :
Nu
' 2
y ax bx c = + + th:
'
0
0,
0
a
y
>
> e

A s

v
'
0
0,
0
a
y
<
s e

A s

Dng 2: Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s ( , ) y f x m = n iu trn mt khong ( ; ) a b
Cch gii
- Hm s ng bin trn
'
( ; ) 0, ( ; ) a b y x a b > e
- Hm s nghch bin trn
'
( ; ) 0, ( ; ) a b y x a b s e
- S dng kin thc:
> e >
( ; )
( ), ( ; ) max ( )
ab
m f x x a b m f x v s e s
( ; )
( ), ( ; ) min ( )
ab
m f x x a b m f x
Dng 3: Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s = = + + +
3 2
( , ) y f x m ax bx cx d n iu trn mt khong
c di bng k cho trc.
Cch gii
- Ta c:
' 2
3 2 y ax bx c = + +
- Hm s ng bin trn khong
1 2
( ; ) x x PT:
'
0 y = c hai nghim phn bit
1
x v
2
x
0
0
a=

A >

(1)
- Bin i =
1 2
x x k thnh
2 2
1 2 1 2
( ) 4 x x xx k + = (2)
- S dng nh l Viet, a phng trnh (2) thnh phng trnh theo m
- Gii phng trnh, kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
Dng 4: Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc tr
Cch gii
- i vi hm s: = + + +
3 2
y ax bx cx d. Khi , ta c:
' 2
3 2 y ax bx c = + +
Hm s c cc tr Hm s c C v CT PT:
' 2
3 2 0 y ax bx c = + + = c hai nghim phn bit
- i vi hm s:
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
. Khi , ta c:
2
'
2 2
2 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
amx anx bn cm g x
y
mx n mx n
+ +
= =
+ +

Hm s c cc tr Hm s c C v CT
PT:
2
( ) 2 ( ) 0 g x amx anx bn cm = + + = c hai nghim phn bit khc
n
m

Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hm s

Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 2
Dng 5: Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s ( , ) y f x m = t cc tr ti im
0
x
Cch gii
- Hm s t cc tr ti im
0
x th:
'
0
( ) 0 y x = . GPT ny ta tm c gi tr ca m
- Th li cc gi tr ca m va tm c xem c tha mn hay khng?
Nu B3 y= hoc B4 y= th vn dng kin thc:
''
0 0
( ) 0 y x x < l im C
''
0 0
( ) 0 y x x > l im CT
Nu
B2
B1
y= th kim tra bng cch lp bng bin thin
Dng 6: Tm iu kin ca tham s m hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc tr ti hai im
1
x ,
2
x v cc im cc
tr tha mn mt h thc (I) no .
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc tr (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet, ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x
- Bin i h thc (I) cho v vn dng nh l Viet tm c m
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
Dng 7: Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca hm s ( ) y f x =
Cch gii
- i vi hm s
3 2
y ax bx cx d = + + + :
Thc hin php chia a thc y cho
'
y v vit hm s di dng:
'
( ). y u x y Mx N = + +
Gi
1 1
( ; ) A x y v
2 2
( ; ) B x y l hai im cc tr. Khi :
1 1
y Mx N = + v
2 2
y Mx N = +
Do , phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr c dng: y Mx N = +
- i vi hm s
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
:
Chng minh b : Nu hm s
( )
( )
u x
y
v x
= c
'
0
0
( ) 0
( ) 0
y x
v x

th
'
0
0
'
0
( )
( )
( )
u x
y x
v x
=
p dng b :
Gi
1 1
( ; ) A x y v
2 2
( ; ) B x y l hai im cc tr. Khi :
1
1
2ax b
y
m
+
= v
2
2
2ax b
y
m
+
=
Do , phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr c dng:
2a b
y x
m
=
m
+
Dng 8: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im cc tr nm v hai pha i
vi trc tung
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr
1
x v
2
x (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x (2)
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 3
- A v B nm v hai pha i vi trc
1 2
0 Oy xx < (s dng h thc (2))
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
Dng 9: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im cc tr nm v hai pha i
vi trc honh
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr
1
x v
2
x (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x (2)
- Tnh cc gi tr
1
y v
2
y (tnh ging nh Dng 7)
- Cc im cc tr nm v hai pha i vi trc
1 2
0 Oy y y < (s dng h thc (2))
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
Dng 10: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im cc tr nm v hai pha i
vi ng thng : 0 d Ax By C + + = cho trc
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr
1
x v
2
x (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x (2)
- Tnh cc gi tr
1
y v
2
y (tnh ging nh Dng 7) Ta cc im cc tr:
1 1
( ; ) A x y ,
2 2
( ; ) B x y
- A v B nm v hai pha i vi
1 1 2 2
( )( ) 0 d Ax By C Ax By C + + + + < kt qu
Dng 11: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im C v CT i xng vi
nhau quang thng : 0 d Ax By C + + =
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr
1
x v
2
x (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x (2)
- Tnh cc gi tr
1
y v
2
y (tnh ging nh Dng 7) Ta cc im cc tr:
1 1
( ; ) A x y ,
2 2
( ; ) B x y
- A v B i xng vi nhau qua
AB d
d
I d

gi tr m
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
Dng 12: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im C v CT cch u ng
thng : 0 d Ax By C + + =
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr
1
x v
2
x (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x (2)
- Tnh cc gi tr
1
y v
2
y (tnh ging nh Dng 7) Ta cc im cc tr:
1 1
( ; ) A x y ,
2 2
( ; ) B x y
- A v B cch u ng thng
AB d
I d

gi tr m
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
trong I l trung im ca AB
trong I l trung im ca AB
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 4
Dng 13: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im cc tr A v B tha mn
mt h thc no (VD: , AB k AB = ngn nht, 2 OA OB = )
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr
1
x v
2
x (1)
- Vn dng nh l Viet ta c h thc lin h gia
1
x v
2
x (2)
- Tnh cc gi tr
1
y v
2
y (tnh ging nh Dng 7) Ta cc im cc tr:
1 1
( ; ) A x y ,
2 2
( ; ) B x y
- T h thc lin h gia cc im A, B ta tmc gi tr ca m
Dng 14: Tm im M thuc ng thng : 0 d Ax By C + + = sao cho tng khong cch t im M n hai
im cc tr ca th hm s ( ) y f x = l nh nht
Cch gii
- Tm cc im cc tr
1 1
( ; ) A x y v
2 2
( ; ) B x y ca THS ( ) y f x =
- Vit phng trnh ng thng AB
- Kim tra xem A va B nm v cng mt pha hay nm v hai pha i vi ng thng d
+Nu:
1 1 2 2
( )( ) 0 Ax By C Ax By C + + + + < A v B nm v hai pha i vi d
Khi : MA MB AB + > . Do : MA MB + nh nht M l giao im ca AB vi ng thng d
+Nu:
1 1 2 2
( )( ) 0 Ax By C Ax By C + + + + > A v B nm v cng mt pha i vi d
- Xc nh ta im A

i xng vi im A qua ng thng d

- Khi :
' '
MA MB MA MB AB + = + > . Do : MA MB + nh nht M l giao im ca A

B
vi ng thng d
Dng 15: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s ( , ) y f x m = c cc im C, CT v ng thng i
qua hai im cc tr to vi ng thng : 0 d Ax By C + + = mt gc bng
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr (1)
- Vit phng trnh ng thng A i qua hai im cc tr
- Khi : 1
1

A
A
A
A

A =

A =

A =
+

.
tao vi goc tan

d
d
d
d
d k k
d k k
k k
d
k k
gi tr ca m
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
A*
*B
d
*M
*M
0

A, B nm v hai pha
B
M
A
A

d
H
A, B nm v cng mt pha
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 5
Dng 16: Tm iu kin ca tham s m th hm s
4 2
y ax bx c = + + c cc im C, CT to thnh mt
tam gic vung cn.
Cch gii
- Tm iu kin ca m hm s c cc im cc tr (1)
- Tm ta cc im cc tr A, B, C ca THS
- Xc nh xem ABC A cn ti im no, gi s cn ti A
- Khi : ABC A vung cn 0 . OAOB =

gi tr ca m
- Kt hp vi iu kin (1) a ra kt qu
Ch : THS trng phng c trc i xng l trc Oy v THS c cc im C, CTTHS c ba im
cc tr
Dng 17: Tm gi tr ca m tim cn xin ca THS
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
chn trn hai trc ta mt tam
gic c din tch bng k.
Cch gii
- Tm ng tim cn xin ca THS
- Tm ta giao im ( ;0)
A
A x v (0; )
B
B y ca TCX vi cc trc ta
- Khi :
A
OA x = v
1 1
. .
2 2
B OAB A B
OB y S OAOB x y
A
= = =
- T , suy ra kt qu ca m
Dng 18: Tm cc im M trn th (C):
ax b
y
cx d
+
=
+
sao cho tng khong cch t im M n giao im ca
hai ng tim cn l nh nht.
Cch gii
- Tm cc ng tim cn ca THS Giao im A v B ca hai ng tim cn
- S dng phng php chia a thc, vit li hm s cho di dng:
q
y p
cx d
= +
+
(vi , p qe )
- Gi ; ( )
q
M mp C
cm d
| |
+ e
|
+
\ .
. Tnh khong cch t im M n cc ng tim cn
- p dng bt ng thc C-si cho hai s khng m kt qu
Ch : - Khong cch t im
0 0
( ; ) M x y n ng thng : 0 Ax By C A + + = l:
0 0
( ; )
2 2
M
Ax By C
d
A B
A
+ +
=
+
- Bt ng thc C-si cho hai s khng m A v B: 2 A B AB + > . Du = xy ra A B =
- i vi hm s dng
2
ax bx c
y
mx n
+ +
=
+
cch lm hon ton tng t
Dng 19: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ): ( ) C y f x = ti im
0 0
( ; ) M x y
Cch gii
- Xc nh
0
x v
0
y
B
A
x
y
O
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 6
- Tnh
'
y. T suy ra:
'
0
( ) y x
- Phng trnh tip tuyn cn tm:
'
0 0 0
( )( ) y y x x x y = +
Dng 20: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ): ( ) C y f x = bit tip tuyn c h s gc bng k
Cch gii
- Xc nh k
- Tnh
'
( ) f x v gii phng trnh
'
( ) f x k = tm honh tip im
0
x . T suy ra:
0 0
( ) y f x =
- PT tip tuyn cn tm:
0 0
( ) y k x x y = +
Dng 21: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ): ( ) C y f x = bit tip tuyn i qua im ( ; )
A A
A x y
Cch gii
- Gi A l ng thng i qua im ( ; )
A A
A x y v c h s gc k PT : ( )
A A
y k x x y A = + (*)
- A l tip tuyn ca (C) HPT:
'
( ) ( ) (1)
( ) (2)
A A
f x k x x y
k f x
= +

c nghim
- Thay k t (2) vo (1) ta c:
'
( ) ( )( ) (3)
A A
f x f x x x y = +
- Gii phng trnh (3) ta c x k (thay vo (2)) PT tip tuyn cn tm (thay vo (*))
Dng 22: Tm cc im M sao cho t im M c th k c n tip tuyn ti th ( ): ( ) C y f x =
Cch gii
- Gi s:
0 0
( ; ) M x y . Phng trnh ng thng A qua M v c h s gc k c dng:
0 0
( ) y k x x y = +
- A l tip tuyn ca (C) HPT:
0 0
'
( ) ( ) (1)
( ) (2)
f x k x x y
k f x
= +

c nghim
- Thay k t (2) vo (1) ta c:
'
0 0
( ) ( )( ) (3) f x f x x x y = +
- Khi , t M k c n tip tuyn n (C) PT (3) c n nghim phn bit kt qu
Dng 23: Tm cc im M sao cho t im M c th k c 2 tip tuyn ti th ( ): ( ) C y f x = v hai tip
tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
Cch gii
- Gi s:
0 0
( ; ) M x y . Phng trnh ng thng A qua M v c h s gc k c dng:
0 0
( ) y k x x y = +
- A l tip tuyn ca (C) HPT:
0 0
'
( ) ( ) (1)
( ) (2)
f x k x x y
k f x
= +

c nghim
- Thay k t (2) vo (1) ta c:
'
0 0
( ) ( )( ) (3) f x f x x x y = +
- Khi , qua M k c 2 tip tuyn n (C) PT (3) c 2 nghim phn bit
1
x v
2
x
- Hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau
' '
1 2
( ). ( ) 1 f x f x = kt qu
Ch : Qua M k c 2 tip tuyn n (C) sao cho hai tip im nm v hai pha i vi trc honh

<
1 2
(3) co2nghiemphan biet
( ). ( ) 0 f x f x
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 7
Dng 24: Tm cc gi tr ca m th
1
( ): ( , ) C y f x m = ct th
2
( ): ( ) C y g x = ti n im phn bit
Cch gii
-
1
( ) C ct
2
( ) C ti n im phn bit PT: ( , ) ( ) f x m g x = c n nghim phn bit
- Tm m bng mt s cch: da vo iu kin c nghim ca PT bc hai, da vo bng bin thin, da
vo th kt qu
Dng 25: Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh: ( , ) 0 F x m =
Cch gii
- Bin i phng trnh ( , ) 0 F x m = v dng: ( ) ( ) f x g m = , trong th ( ) y f x = v th
- S nghim ca PT cho chnh l s giao im ca th ( ): ( ) C y f x = vi ng thng
: ( ) d y g m =
- Da vo s giao im ca d vi (C) kt qu
Dng 26: Tm gi tr ca m ng thng : d y px q = + ct th ( ):
ax b
C y
cx d
+
=
+
ti hai im phn bit
M, N sao cho di on MN l nh nht.
Cch gii
- d ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit PT:
ax b
px q
cx d
+
= +
+
c hai nghim phn bit
PT:
2
0 Ax Bx C + + = (1) c hai nghim phn bit khc
d
c

iu kin ca m (*)
- Khi , d ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit
1 1
( ; ) M x y v
2 2
( ; ) N x y . Theo nh l Viet ta c mi lin h
gia
1
x v
2
x (
1
x v
2
x l hai nghim ca pt (1))
- Tnh:
2 2 2
2 1 2 1
( ) ( ) MN x x y y = + kt qu ca m MN l nh nht
Ch : - Khi tnh
1
y v
2
y ta thay
1
x v
2
x vo phng trnh ca ng thng d
- OMN A vung
1 2 1 2
. 0 0 OM ON xx y y = + =

- i vi th ca hm s
2
( ):
ax bx c
C y
mx n
+ +
=
+
cch lm hon ton tng t
Dng 27: Tm gi tr ca m ng thng : d y px q = + ct th ( ):
ax b
C y
cx d
+
=
+
ti hai im phn bit
thuc cng mt nhnh ca (C).
Cch gii
- Xc nh tim cn ng ca (C)
- d ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit thuc cng mt nhnh ca (C)
PT:
ax b
px q
cx d
+
= +
+
c hai nghim phn bit nm v cng mt pha i vi TC
PT:
2
0 Ax Bx C + + = (1) c hai nghim phn bit khc
d
c
v nm v cng mt pha vi TC
kt qu ca m (vn dng iu kin hai im nm cng mt pha i vi ng thng)
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 8
Dng 28: Tm gi tr ca m ng thng th
3 2
( ): C y ax bx cx d = + + + ct trc Ox ti 3 im phn bit
c honh lp thnh mt cp s cng.
Cch gii
- iu kin cn:
Honh cc giao im
1 2 3
, , x x x l nghim ca PT:
3 2
0 ax bx cx d + + + = (1)
Theo nh l Viet, ta c:
1 2 3
b
x x x
a
+ + = (2)
Do
1 2 3
, , x x x lp thnh mt cp s cng, nn:
1 3 2
2 x x x + = . Thay vo (2) ta c:
2
3
b
x
a
=
Thay vo (1), ta c gi tr ca m
- iu kin : Th li cc gi tr ca m va tm c xem PT cho c 3 nghim hay khng
- Kt lun: a ra gi tr ca m
Dng 29: Tm gi tr ca m ng thng th
3 2
( ): C y ax bx cx d = + + + ct trc Ox ti 3 im phn bit
c honh lp thnh mt cp s nhn.
Cch gii
- iu kin cn:
Honh cc giao im
1 2 3
, , x x x l nghim ca PT:
3 2
0 ax bx cx d + + + = (1)
Theo nh l Viet, ta c:
1 2 3
d
xx x
a
= (2)
Do
1 2 3
, , x x x lp thnh mt cp s nhn, nn:
2
1 3 2
xx x = . Thay vo (2) ta c:
3
2
d
x
a
=
Thay vo (1), ta c gi tr ca m
- iu kin : Th li cc gi tr ca m va tm c xem PT cho c 3 nghim hay khng
- Kt lun: a ra gi tr ca m
Dng 30: Cho h ng cong ( ): ( , )
m
C y f x m = , vi m l tham s. Tm im c nh m h ng cong trn
i qua vi mi gi tr ca m.
Cch gii
- Gi
0 0
( ; ) A x y l im c nh ca h ( )
m
C . Khi ta c:
0 0
( , ), 0, y f x m m Am B m = + =
0
0
0
A
x
B
=

v
o
y im c nh A
- Kt lun cc im c nh m h ( )
m
C lun i qua
Dng 31: Cho h ng cong ( ): ( , )
m
C y f x m = , vi m l tham s. Tm cc im m h ng cong trn
khng i qua vi mi gi tr ca m.
Cch gii
- Gi
0 0
( ; ) A x y l im m h ( )
m
C khng i qua m .
- Khi phng trnh n m:
0 0
( , ) y f x m = v nghim iu kin ca
0
x v
0
y
Minh Tun Cc dng ton lin quan n kho st hms
Trang 9
Dng 32: Cho th ( ): ( ) C y f x = . V th ca hm s
( )
y f x =
Cch gii
- V th ca hm s ( ): ( ) C y f x =
- Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
f x
y f x
f x

= =

- Do , th ca hm s
( )
y f x = l hp ca hai phn:
Phn 1: l phn ca th (C) nm bn phi trc Ox
Phn 2: l phn i xng vi phn 1 qua trc Ox
Dng 33: Cho th ( ): ( ) C y f x = . V th ca hm s ( ) y f x =
Cch gii
- V th ca hm s ( ): ( ) C y f x =
- Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
f x
y f x
f x

= =

- Do , th ca hm s = ( ) y f x l hp ca hai phn:
Phn 1: l phn ca th (C) bn trn trc Ox
Phn 2: l phn i xng vi phn th (C) bn di trc Ox qua trc Ox
Dng 34: Cho th ( ): ( ) C y f x = . V th ca hm s ( ) y f x =
Cch gii
- V th ca hm s ( ): ( ) C y f x =
- Ta c:
>

= =

=

( ) 0
( ) ( )
( )
f x
y f x y f x
y f x
- Do , th ca hm s = ( ) y f x l hp ca hai phn:
Phn 1: l phn ca th (C) nm bn trn trc Ox
Phn 2: l phn i xng vi phn 1 qua trc Ox
Dng 35: Cho th ( ): ( ) C y f x = . V th ca hm s = = ( ) ( ) . ( ) y f x u x v x
Cch gii
- V th ca hm s ( ): ( ) C y f x =
Ta c:

( ). ( ) u
( ). ( )
x v x
y
u x v x
- Do , th ca hm s = = ( ) ( ) . ( ) y f x u x v x l hp ca hai phn:
Phn 1: l phn ca (C) trn min > ( ) 0 u x
Phn 2: l phn i xng vi phn th (C) trn min < ( ) 0 u x qua trc Ox
nu 0 x>
nu 0 x<
nu ( ) 0 f x >
nu ( ) 0 f x <
nu > ( ) 0 u x
nu ( ) 0 u x <