INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH CULTURE & SOCIETY

HISTORY (PART 2)

History (Part 2)
The Tudors (1485 1603) The Stuarts (1603 1714) The Hanoverians: The Georgians (1714 1830) The Victorian (1837 1901)

The Tudors (1485 1603)

The wheel is come full circle. (William Shakespeare)

The Tudors (1485 1603)

During

Henry VIIs reign the medieval period came to an end. The Renaissance: began in Italy during the late 13th century & spread throughout Europe in the 14th 16th centuries

The Tudors (1485 1603)

1.

Henrys son & heir Henry VIII (1491 1547) Henry VIII & his 6 wives: Catherine of Aragon, a Spanish princess Had a daughter: Mary & no son Asked the Pope to give him a divorce The Pope refused & Henry broke away

King Henry VIII (1491 1547)

The Tudors (1485 1603)

Henry

used the Parliament to establish himself as the head of the Protestant Church of England (Anglican Church) the English Reformation He married his 2nd wife: Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn could only give Henry a daughter (Elizabeth) & no son she was later charged of adultery & executed

Catherine of Aragon (left) Anne Boleyn (right)

The Tudors (1485 1603)

married his 3rd wife - Jane Seymour She gave him a son, Edward, but she died 12 days later 4th wife: Anne of Cleeves- no children divorced 5th wife: Catherine Howard no children executed 6th wife: Catherine Parr no children outlived Henry
Henry

The Tudors (1485 1603)

After

Henrys death, his only son Edward became king when he was just 9 years old Edward VI was weak & died at 15 Henrys 1st daughter Mary became Queen Mary I of England She was a strong Catholic brought England back to the old religion burned nearly 300 protestants Bloody Mary

Queen Mary I of England (Mary Tudor)

The Tudors (1485 1603)

1558, Mary died childless her halfsister Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth I. She had to face many problems but she was intelligent, courageous & determined the heart of a man, a king of England. She never got married a virgin queen (?) On Thursday, March 24th 1603, Elizabeth I (God Queen Bess) died ending the Tudor dynasty
In

Queen Elizabeth I of England

The Tudors (1485 1603)

Legacies: 1. Expansionism: the discovery of America the New World 2. A remarkable age for English culture, particularly literature & theatre Elizabethan Age the 1st Golden Age in British history

William Shakespeare (1564 1616)

This royal throne of kings, this sceptred isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, Which serves it in the office of a wall Or as a moat defensive to a house, Against the envy of less happier lands,-This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England. William Shakespeare, "King Richard II", Act 2 scene 1 Greatest English dramatist & poet (1564 - 1616)

The Stuarts (1603 1714)

Man proposes, God disposes

The Stuarts (1603 1714)

When Queen Elizabeth I died without any children in 1603, her cousin James VI of Scotland became King James I of England. In 1625, James I died. His son became King Charles I. The new king soon quarelled with Parliament. In 1642, Charles declared war on the Parliamentarians the Civil War began.

The Stuarts (1603 1714)

Charles

was executed in 1649. Britain became a republic, called the Commonwealth & ruled by Oliver Cromwell & the Parliament. When Cromwell died in 1658, Charles Is son was invited back to rule England as King Charles II the Restoration

The Stuarts (1603 1714)

When

Charles II died in 1685, his brother became King James II. He was a Catholic & Protestants in the government were worried they offered the crown to Mary, Jamess Protestant daughter & her husband William, the Dutch Protestant leader the Glorious Revolution

The Stuarts (1603 1714)

When

William & Mary came to the throne in 1689, Parliament drew up a list of rules to control their power. This list was called the Bill of Rights Parliaments victory over the king in the fight to decide who was more powerful.

The Stuarts (1603 1714)

1.
2. 3. 4.

Bill of Rights 1689 Parliament will decide on all laws & taxes. The King must be a Protestant. No one can go to prison without a trial. Parliament will decide on whether there will be an army.

The Hanoverians: The Georgians (1714 1830)

Neighbors do not like each other

The Georgians (1714 1830)

Queen

Anne, the last Stuart monarch had 16 children but they all died. When she herself died in 1714, Parliament decided to offer the throne to a Protestant German from Hanover, Prince George, who was the great grandson of James I a new Georgian Age

The Georgians (1714 1830)

The

British Empire: In 1756, after the British defeated the French in Quebec, Canada became a British colony. Captain James Cook visited NZ & landed on the coast of Aus. The Slave Trade (until 1830s)

Quebec & Canada

Down under

The Georgians (1714 1830)

The Agricultural Revolution 2. Technological developments: the steam engine & other machines, railroad, etc. (1+2) 3. The Industrial Revolution
1.

The Victorian (1837 1901)

The sun never sets on the British Empire

The Victorian (1837 1901)

The rise of the middle class 2. The rise of the working class 3. The rise of socialism & the founding of the Labour Party (1893)
1.

British Empire under the Victorian Age