Dethi2011 Giaichitiet Monhoa Khoia

HNG DN GII CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011
MN HA KHI A M thi 758

THY V NGC BNH
Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:

H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52;
Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108.
I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt lng dung dch
HNO3 . Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu dc 0,75 m gam cht rn, dung dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp kh
(ktc) gm NO v NO2 (khng c sn phm kh khc ca N+5 ). Bit lng HNO3 phn ng l 44,1
gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,8.
B. 33,6.
C. 40,5.
D. 50,4.
Phn tch, hng dn gii:
S bi ton:
0,75m gam rn
Cu: 0,7m (g)

m gam
Fe: 0,3m (g)
+ 0,7 mol HNO3

Dung dch X + 0,25 mol (NO, NO2)
* Cch 1:
Th t phn ng: Fe phn ng trc, Cu phn ng sau.
Theo bi ta c, 0,7m gam Cu v 0,3m gam Fe. Ta thy, mrn = 0,75m gam => Cu cha phn ng, Fe phn
ng mt phn v cn d 0,75m 0,7m = 0,05m (g). => mFe p = 0,3m 0,05m = 0,25m (g).
=> Dung dch X ch cha Fe(NO3)2.
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t N: n HNO3 = 2n Fe(NO3 )2 + n (NO, NO2 )
0, 7 0, 25
= 0, 225 mol
2
Fe
Fe(NO3)2
0,225 mol 0,225 mol
=> 0,25m = 0,225.56 => m = 50,4 gam.
=> p n D.
=> n Fe(NO3 )2 =
* Cch 2: Da v phng trnh ion electron v nh lut bo ton electron.

NO3 + 4H + + 3e
NO + 2H 2 O
4x3x.. x
NO
+ 2H + + 1e
NO 2 + H 2 O
2yy.... y
n (NO, NO2 ) = x + y = 0,25
=>
=> x = 0,1 mol, y = 0,15 mol
n H + = n HNO3 = 4x +2y = 0,7
=> ne nhn = ne nhng = 3.0,1 + 0,15 = 0,45 mol

Fe
Fe2+ + 2e
0,225 mol
0,45 mol
=> 0,25m = 0,225.56 => m = 50,4 gam.
=> p n D.
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic,
ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v
dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh th no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam.
B. Gim 7,74 gam.
C. Tng 7,92 gam.
D. Gim 7,38 gam.
* Cch 1: Nhn thy: Axit acrylic (CH2=CHCOOH), Vinyl axetat (CH3COOCH=CH2), Metyl acrylat
(CH2=CHCOOCH3), Axit oleic (C17H33COOH) u c cng thc chung: Cn H 2n 2 O 2
Cn H 2n 2 O 2
nCO 2 + (n 1)H 2O
0,18
n
=>
hn hp
= 14n + 30 =
0,18
3, 42
0,18
= 0, 03 mol
.n => n = 6 => nhn hp =
0,18
6
=> n H 2O = n CO2 n hh = 0,18 0, 03 = 0,15 mol

=> Khi lng phn thm vo: m H 2O + m CO2 = 0,15.18 + 0,18.44 = 10, 62 gam < 18 gam (phn tch ra).
=> Khi lng dung dch gim: 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam.
=> p n D.
* Cch 2: Ta c nhn hp = n CO2 n H2O = 0,18 x vi x = n H2O
p dng bo ton khi lng: mhn hp = mC + mH + mO = 0,18.12 + 2x + (0,18 x)2 = 3,42 gam.
=> x = 0,15 mol
=> Khi lng phn thm vo: m H 2O + m CO2 = 0,15.18 + 0,18.44 = 10, 62 gam < 18 gam (phn tch ra)
=> Khi lng dung dch gim: 18 10,62 = 7,38 gam.
=> p n D.
Cu 3: Cho axit salixylic (axit 0-hidroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhidrit axetic, thu c axit
axetylsalixylic (0-CH3COO-C6H4-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2
gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0.48.
B. 0,72.
C. 0,24.
D. 0,96.

43, 2
n axetylsalixylic =
= 0, 24 mol
180
CH3COOC6H4COOH + 3KOH CH3COOK + KOC6H4COOK + 2H2O
0,24 mol
0,72 mol
=> VKOH = 0,72 lt => p n B.
Cu 4: Ha tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng
dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh
anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245
mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 4,788.
B. 1,680.
C. 4,480.
D. 3,920.
S bi ton:
t(s)
Y gam M (catot) + 0,035 mol kh (anot).
13,68 gam MSO4 + H2O pdd
2t(s)
n kh = 0,1245 mol ( anot v catot).
* Cch 1: Ti anot ch xy ra qu s oxi ha H2O: 2H2O 4e O2 + 4H+
Trong thi gian t giy c 0,035 mol O2 => 2t giy c 0,035.2 = 0,07 mol O2.
Tng s mol kh thu c 2 in cc l 0,1245 mol => c 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545 mol kh H2 do s kh
nc catot.
* thi gian 2t giy:
Catot (-)
MSO4
Anot (+)
M2+, H2O
M2+ + 2e M
x
2x
2H2O + 2e 2OH- + H2
0,109
0,0545
H2O, SO 24
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
0,07 0,28
Bo ton electron: 2x + 0,109 = 0,28 => x = 0,0855 mol M

=> 0,0855(M + 96) = 13,68 => M = 64 (Cu).
* thi gian t giy:
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2H2O 4H+ + O2 + 4e
0,14 0,07
0,035 0,14
mCu = 0,07.64 = 4,48 gam.
=> p n C.
* Cch 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng

Bc 1: Tm M
+ Kh thot ra anot l O2
+ t giy c 0,035 mol O2 => 2t giy c 0,035.2 = 0,07 mol O2.
+ Tng s mol kh thot ra 2 in cc trong 2t giy l 0,1245 mol => c 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545 mol kh
H2 do H2O b in phn.
1
O2 + H2SO4 (1)
2
0,0855
0,07 0,02725 = 0,04275

1
H2O H2 +
O2
(2)
2
0,0545 0,02725
= 0,0855(M + 96) = 13,68 => M = 64(Cu)
MSO4 + H2O M
=> m MSO4
Bc 2: Tnh m
t giy:
MSO4 + H2O M
0,07 mol
1
O2 + H2SO4
2
0,035 mol
=> m = 0,07.64 = 4,48 gam.

=> p n C.
Cu 5: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht
lng tnh l
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cc cht c tnh cht lng tnh l: Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3.
=> p n D.
Cu 6: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v - amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit.
B. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc - amino axit.
C. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)2.
D. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.
Protein c th tn ti 2 dng: dng hnh si v dng hnh cu:
- Dng hnh si: keratin ca tc, mng, sng,hon ton khng tan trong nc.
- Dng protein hnh cu: anbumin ca lng trng trng,tan c trong nc to dung dch keo.
=> p n D.
Cu 7: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2.
(2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
(3) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.
(4) Sc kh NH3 ti d vo dung dch AlCl3.
(5) Sc kh CO2 ti d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
(6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 4.

Cc th nghim c kt ta l:
(1) 2NaOH + Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O
(2) NH3 + AlCl3 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NH4Cl
(3) CO2 + Na[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3
(4) 3CH2=CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
=> p n D.
Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3.
B. HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
D. HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
Nc cng tm thi l nc cng cha cc ion: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3
=> C th dng mt trong cc cht sau lm mm nc cng: NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3.
=> p n A.
Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y l sai?

A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo.
B. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl.
C. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot.
D. Tnh kh ca ion Br- ln hn tnh kh ca ion ClPhn tch, hng dn gii:
Tnh axit ca axit halogenhiric tng dn theo th t: HF<<HCl < HF < HI.
=> p n B.
Cu 10: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong
ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ha hc ca phn chua l:
A. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4).24H2O.
B. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
D. (NH4)2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Phn chua c cng thc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
=> p n C.
Cu 11: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp vinyl xianua.
B. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic.
C. Trng hp metyl metacrylat.
D. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic.
- Trng hp vinyl xianua (acrilonnitrin): CH2=CHCN T nitron hay t olon.
- Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic: H2N(CH2)5COOH) T Nilon 6 hay t capron.
- Trng hp metyl metacrylat: CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 Poli metyl metacrylat hay plexiglas (thy tinh
hu c) dng lm cht do.
- Trng ngng hexametyleniamin (H2N (CH2)6NH2) vi axit aipic (HOOC(CH2)4COOH)
T Nilon 6,6.
=> p n C.
Cu 12: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2. (in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
n khi khi lng dung dch gimi 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi khng
ng k ). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l:
A. KNO3 v KOH.
B. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
C. KNO3, KCl v KOH.
D. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
n KCl =
7, 45
= 0,1 mol
74,5
28, 2
= 0,15 mol
188
2KCl + Cu(NO3)2 Cu + Cl2 + 2KNO3
(1)
0,1 mol 0,05 mol
0,05 mol 0,05 mol
Khi lng dung dch gim chnh l khi lng kt ta v kh thot ra khi dung dch:
Sau (1): khi lng dung dch gim = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 gam < 10,75 gam.
=> Cu(NO3)2 tip tc b in phn.
2Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 4HNO3
(2)
2x
2x
x
Khi lng dung dch gim = m1 + m 2 = 6,75 + 64.2x + 32x = 10,75 => x = 0,025 mol.
n Cu(NO3 )2 =
Theo (1), (2): S mol Cu(NO3)2 tham gia phn ng l 0,05 + 2.0,025 = 0,1 mol < 0,15 mol.
=> Trong dung dch sau phn ng c cc cht: KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
=> p n B.
Cu 13 : Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.

- Cho phn mt vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Cho phn hai vo mt lng d H2O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y.
Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Khi lng ( tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe tnh trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l :
A. 0,39 ; 0,54 ; 1,40. B. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12.
C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56.
D. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56.
S bi ton:
K: a mol
1
X Al: b mol
2
Fe: c mol
P1 + KOH d
P2 + KOH d
0,035 mol H2
0,02 mol H2
m gam kim loi + HCl d 0,025 mol H2
phn 1: dung dch KOH d => Al v K u ht.

n H 2 (P1 ) < n H 2 (P2 ) => phn 2 cn d Al.
Gi a = nAl, b = nAl, c = nFe trong mi phn ca X
- Phn 1 + KOH d:
1
K + H2O KOH +
H2
(1)
2
a
0,5a
3
Al + KOH + H2O KAlO2 + H2 (2)
2
b
1,5b
- Phn 2 + H2O d:
1
K + H2O KOH +
H2
(3)
2
a
a
0,5a
3
Al + KOH + H2O KAlO2 + H2 (4)
2
a
a
1,5a
=> n H 2 = 0,5a + 1,5b =
=> n H2 = 0, 5a + 1,5a =
0, 784
= 0, 035
22, 4
(I)
0, 448
= 0, 02 => a = 0,01
22, 4
Thay vo (I): b = 0,02
Hn hp kim loi Y gm:

0
0,02 0,01 = 0,01 mol Al d, c mol Fe + H+ (Al3+, Fe2+) +
0,56
= 0, 025 mol H2.
22, 4
p dng bo ton electron: 0,01.3 + 2c = 0,025.2 = 0,05 => c = 0,01 mol.

Vy mK = 0,01.39 = 0,39 gam.
mAl = 0,02.27 = 0,54 gam.
mFe = 0,01.56 = 0,56 gam.
=> p n C.
Cu 14 : Cho dy cc cht phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m crezol, ancol
benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long un
nng l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 6
Cc cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng gm: phenylamoni clorua (C6H5NH3Cl), benzyl
clorua (C6H5CH2Cl), isopropyl clorua (CH3CHClCH3), mcrezol (mCH3C6H5OH), anlyl clorua
(CH2=CHCH2Cl).
=> p n C.
Cu 15 : Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht.
Trong X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l mc : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi Na
th thu c s mol kh hiro bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng
benzen) tha mn cc tnh cht trn?
A. 10.
B. 9.
C. 7.
D. 3.

21 2 8
: :
12 1 16
= 1,75 : 2 : 0,5
=7:8:2
V cng thc phn t trng vi CTGN => CTPT (X) C7H8O2.
X phn ng hon ton vi Na th thu c s mol kh H2 bng s mol X => X c 2H linh ng.
2.7 + 2 8
bt bo ha ca (X) l
= 4 , vng benzen c 1V + 3 => phn ngoi vng benzen: no, c
2
1C v 2O => X cha 1 OH ancol v 1 OH phenol hoc 2 OH phenol.
- X cha 1 OH ancol v 1 OH phenol c 3 cng thc cu to:
Do mc : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 8 => n C : n H : n O =
H2C
OH
in OH vo mi tn
- X cha 2 OH phenol c 6 cng thc cu to:

CH3
CH3
OH
in OH vo mi tn
OH
=> p n B.
Cu 16 : Khi so snh NH3 vi NH4+, pht biu khng ng l :
A. Trong NH3 v NH4+ , nit u c s oxi ha -3.
B. NH3 c tnh baz, NH4+ c tnh axit.
C. Phn t NH3 v ion NH4+ u cha lin kt cng ha tr.
D. Trong NH3 v NH4+, nit u c cng ha tr 3.
Cng thc cu to ca NH3 v NH +4
+
H
H
H
H
NH3
NH +4
Cng ha tr ca mt nguyn t l s lin kt cng ha tr ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t khc.

=> N trong NH3 c cng ha tr l 3, N trong NH +4 c cng ha tr l 4.
=> p n D.
Cu 17 : Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c CxHyN l 23,73 %. S ng phn amin
bc mt tha mn cc d kin trn l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
14
%N =
.100% = 23, 73% => M = 59 (g/mol) => 12x + y = 59 14 = 45 => x = 3, y = 9.
M
Cng thc phn t l C3H9N, c 2 ng phn amin bc 1.
CH3CH2CH2NH2 v CH3CH(NH2) CH3.
=> p n B.
Cu 18 : Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo mt lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M v
Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00.
B. 0,75.
C. 1,25.
D. 1,00.
0, 672
n CO2 =
= 0, 03 mol
22, 4
n OH = 0, 025 + 0, 0125.2 = 0, 05 mol

1<
0, 05
= 1, 67 < 2 => To 2 mui HCO3 v CO32
0, 03
S bi ton: CO2 + OH-
CO32 x mol
HCO3 y mol
Bo ton nguyn t C: x + y = 0,03

Bo ton in tch m: 2x + y = 0,05
T (1), (2) => x = 0,02 mol, y = 0,01 mol
Nhn thy, n CO2 = 0,02 > n Ca 2+ = 0, 0125 mol
(1)
(2)
=> n CaCO = n Ca 2+ = 0, 0125 mol

3
=> x = 0,0125.100 = 1,25 gam.

=> p n C.
Cch 2: vit phng trnh ion rt gn
0, 05
1<
= 1, 67 < 2 => To 2 mui HCO3 v CO32
0, 03
CO2 + 2OH- CO32 + H2O
x
2x
x
-
CO2 + OH HCO3
y
Ca
y
2+
+ CO
y
2
3
CaCO3
T ta c h phng trnh: S mol CO2 = x + y = 0,03, s mol OH- = 2x + y = 0,05.

=> x = 0,02, y = 0,01. Cc bc tip theo lm nh cch 1.
=> p n C.
Cu 19: t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin
kt i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO2 (ktc) v y mol H2O. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr
x, y v V l
28
28
28
28
A. V= (x 62y).
B. V= (x + 30y).
C. V= (x + 62y).
D. V= (x 30y).
95
55
95
55
Hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t c cng thc chung
Cn H 2n 4 O 4
O2
Cn H 2n 4 O 4
nCO 2 + (n 2)H 2 O
T s trn d thy: n CO2 n H2O = 2n Axit => n Axit =
=> n Axit
n CO2 n H2O
2
V
y
V 22,4y
22, 4
=
=
2
44,8
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nguyn t:

V
V 22,4y
55V
x = m C + mH + mO =
30y
.12 + 2y +
.4.16 =
22, 4
44,8
28
28
( x + 30y)
55
=> p n B.
=> V =
Cu 20: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s
nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,5.
B. 17,5.
C. 15,5.
D. 16,5.
Cng thc tng qut este X l:
RCOOCH2
RCOOCH2
S nguyn t O trong este l 4 => S C l 5. Da vo cng thc tng qut ca (X) => ch c th l R = H
v R = CH3.
1
1 10
V este hai chc => n X = n NaOH = . = 0,125 mol => mX = 0,125.132 = 16,5 gam.
2
2 40
=> p n D.
Cu 21: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao nung (CaSO4.H2O).
B. Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O).
C. vi (CaCO3).
D. Vi sng (CaO).

Thch cao nung CaSO4.H2O c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng.
Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O) dng sn xut xi mng.
vi CaCO3 vt liu xy dng, cng trnh kin trc,
Vi sng CaO dng kh chua cho t,
=> p n A.
Cu 22: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 2.
D. 5.
13,8
= 0,15 mol
92
C7H8 + xAgNO3 + xNH3 C7H8 xAgx + xNH4NO3
0,15mol
0,15 mol
=> m = (92 + 107x)0,15 = 45,9 gam => x = 2 => X c 2 lin kt 3 u mch.
2.7 + 2 8
Mt khc, bt bo ha ca (X) =
=4
2
=> Ngoi 2 lin kt 3 u mch, cc lin kt cn li u l lin kt n => c 4 cng thc cu to.
CHCCH2CH2CH2CCH,
CHCCH2CHCCH
n C7 H8 =
CH3
CH3
CHCCCCH
CH3
CHCCHCCH
CH2CH3
=> p n A.
Cu 23: t chy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO2 v z mol H2O (vi z = y - x).
Cho x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO3 (d) thu c y mol CO2. Tn ca E l
A. axit acrylic.
B. axit aipic.
C. axit oxalic.
D. axit fomic.
E + O2 CO2 + H2O
x mol
y mol
z mol
* Cch 1: V z = y x hay n H2O = n CO2 n E => n E = n CO2 n H2O => E l axit khng no, 1 lin kt C=C
trong phn t hoc axit no, hai chc => loi D.
n CO2 y
S C =
=
(*)
nE
x
Mt khc, tng qut ta c:
R(COOH)n + nNaHCO3 R(COONa)n + nCO2 + nH2O
x
xn
y
, vi n l s nhm chc COOH
x
T (*), (**) => S C = S nhm COOH.
=> p n C. Axit oxalic HOOCCOOH.
=> S mol CO2 = xn = y => n =
(**)
* Cch 2: Th p n, chn x = 1 mol.

Axit acrylic: CH2=CHCOOH; Axit aipic: C4H8(COOH)2;
Axit oxalic: HOOCCOOH; Axit fomic: HCOOH
Ch c Axit oxalic: HOOCCOOH tha mn cc d kin ca bi ton.
(COOH)2 2CO2 + H2O
1 mol
2 mol 1 mol
(COOH)2 + NaHCO3 (COONa)2 + CO2 + H2O
1 mol
1 mol
Cu 24: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra. Thm tip vo
bnh 0,425 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) to
thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam
B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam
C. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam
D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam
n H + = 0,3.0,1.2 = 0, 06 mol
n H2 =
0,448
= 0,02 mol
22,4
Khi thm tip NaNO3 vo bnh, thu c kh NO => H+ d .

Theo bo ton nguyn t H: n H+ d = 0,06 0,02.2 = 0,02 mol => 0,32 gam cht rn l Cu.
Gi x = nFe, y = nAl, ta c:
m(Fe, Al) = 56x + 27y = 0,87 0,32 = 0,55
(I)
+ Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H2SO4
Fe 2e Fe2+
2H+ + 2e H2
x
2x
x
Al 3e Al3+
0,04 0,02
y
3y
y
Theo nh lut bo ton electron: 2x + 3y = 0,04 (II)
T (I), (II): x = 0,005, y = 0,01
0, 425
+ Thm tip NaNO3: n NO = n NaNO3 =
= 0, 005 mol
3
85
(Fe2+, Cu) + H+, NO3 (Fe3+, Cu2+) + NO
Fe2+ 1e Fe3+
0,005 0,005 0,005
Cu 2e Cu2+
0,005 0,01
0,005
NO3 + 4H + + 3e
NO + 2H 2 O
0,005
0,02
0,015
0,005
=> VNO (ktc) = 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 lt.

Sau cc phn ng dung dch c: 0,03 mol SO 24 ; 0,005 mol Na+; 0,01 mol Al3+; 0,005 mol Fe3+; 0,005 mol
Cu2+.
=> mmui = 0,03.96 + 0,005(23 + 56 + 64) + 0,01.27 = 3,865 gam.
Hoc c th lp lun: do Fe2+, H+, NO3 u ht => Trong dung dch ch cha cc ion kim loi v SO 24
=> mmui = m kim loi ban u + m Na + + mSO2 = 0,87 + 0,005.23 + 0,03.96 = 3,856 gam.
4
=> p n C.
Cu 25: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn l

A. FeS2.
B. Fe2O3.
C. Fe3O4.
D. FeCO3.

FeS2: pirit; Fe2O3: hematit; Fe3O4: manhetit; FeCO3: xierit.
=> p n C.
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3
(d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O2
(ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l
A. 0,3.
B. 0,6.
C. 0,8.
D. 0,2.
* Cch 1: gi s mol ca CH3COOH, HCOOH, (COOH)2 ln lt l a, b, c.
- X + NaHCO3 d:
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
(1)
a mol
a mol
HCOOH
+ NaHCO3 HCOONa + CO2 + H2O
(2)
b mol
b mol
(COOH)2 + 2NaHCO3 (COONa)2 + 2CO2 + H2O
(3)
c mol
2c mol
15, 68
Theo (1, 2, 3): n CO2 = a + b + 2c =
(I)
= 0, 7 mol
22, 4
- X + O2:
CH3COOH + 2O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
a
2a
2a
2a
1
HCOOH
+ O2 CO2 + H2O
2
b
0,5b
b
b
1
(COOH)2
+ O2 2CO2 + H2O
2
c
0,5c
2c
c
(4)
(5)
(6)
35, 2
(II)
= 0,8 mol
44
8, 96
= 2a + 0,5b + 0,5c =
= 0, 4 mol (III)
22, 4
Theo (4, 5, 6): n CO2 = 2a + b + 2c =
n O2
Cch x l 1: T (I, II, III) => a = 0,1, b = 0,2, c = 0,2

=> n H 2O = 2a + b + c = 2.0,1 + 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,6 mol
Cch x l 2: Ly (II) (I) => a = 0,1 mol
n O2 = 2a + 0,5b + 0,5c = 0, 4 mol => 4a + b + c = 0,8 => 2a + 2a + b +c = 2.0,1 + n H 2O = 0,8 mol
=> n H 2O = 0,8 0, 2 = 0, 6 mol => p n B.
Cch x l 3: n CO2 = a + b + 2c =
15, 68
= 0, 7 mol
22, 4
n O(Axit) = 2a + 2b + 4c = 2(a + b + 2c) = 2.0, 7 = 1, 4 mol

p dng bo ton nguyn t Oxi: n O(Axit) + n O(O2 ) = n O(CO2 ) + n O(H 2O)
=> 1,4 + 0,4.2 = 0,7.2 + y => y = 0,6
=> p n B.
* Cch 2: Khi cho axit cacboxylic tc dng vi NaHCO3. Bn cht phn ng l

COOH + HCO3
COO + CO 2 + H 2 O
Nhn thy, n O(Axit) = 2n CO2 = 2.0,7 = 1,4 mol
+ Khi t chy hon ton X:
1,4 mol X + 0,4 mol O2 0,7 mol CO2 + y mol H2O
p dng bo ton nguyn t O: p dng bo ton nguyn t Oxi: n O(Axit) + n O(O2 ) = n O(CO2 ) + n O(H2O)
=> 1,4 + 0,4.2 = 0,7.2 + y => y = 0,6
=> p n B.
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc

nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 v H2. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi
lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch
O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt.
B. 44,8 lt.
C. 22,4 lt.
D. 26,88 lt.
Ta c s phn ng:
Hn hp X
C2H2: a mol
H2: a mol
C 2 H4
0
t , xt
C2H6 + Br2
C 2 H2
H2
[C2H4, C2H2]
m = 10,8 gam
+ Khi lng bnh brom tng = m hirocacbon khng no = 10,8 gam.

+ Kh thot ra gm C2H6 v H2 d.
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: mX = mY = 10,8 + 0,2.16 = 14 gam.
+ [C2H6, H2]
n = 0,2 mol
M = 16 (g/mol)
Cch x l 1: mX = 26.a + 2a = 14 => a = 0,5 mol.

2C2H2 + 5O2 2CO2 + H2O
a mol
2,5a mol
1
H2 + O2 H2O
2
a mol 0,5a mol
=> n O2 = 2,5a + 0,5a = 3a = 3.0,5 = 1,5 mol => VO2 = 1,5.22,4 = 33,6 lt.
Cch x l 2: V n C2H4 = n H2 => Quy hn hp X v a mol C2H4.
mX = 28a = 14 => a = 0,5 mol.
C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O
0,5
1,5
=> VO2 = 1,5.22,4 = 33,6 lt.
=> p n A.
Cu 28: Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch
NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan. Nu t chy hon ton 3,88
gam X th th tch oxi (ktc) cn dng l
A. 3,36 lt
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 2,24 lt
D. 1,12 lt.
+ 3,88 gam X + NaOH 5,2 gam mui
RCOOH
RCOONa
1 mol
0,06 mol
m = 22 1 = 22
1 mol
m = 5,2 3,88 = 1,32 gam (theo bi)
+ t chy Cn H 2n O 2 (X):
M X = 14n + 32 =
Cn H 2n O 2 +
3,88
7
=> n =
0,06
3
3n 2
O 2
nCO 2 + nH 2 O
2
0,06
0,03(3 n 2)
7
=> VO2 = 0, 03.(3. 2).22, 4 = 3, 36 lt.
3
=> p n A.
Cu 29: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu sut phn ng
60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch c l
A. 2,97 tn.
B. 3,67 tn.
C. 1,10 tn.
D. 2,20 tn.
Xenluloz: (C6H10O5)n = [C6H7O2(OH)3]n, n gin khi tinh ton ta chn n = 1.
[C6H7O2(OH)3] + 3HNO3 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3] + 3H2O

162 tn
297 tn
2.297
2 tn
tn
162
2.297 60
V H = 60% => mxenluloz trinitrat =
.
= 2, 20 tn.
162 100
=> p n D.
Cu 30: t chy hon ton andehit X, thu c th tch kh CO2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th
thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l
A. anehit no, mch h, hai chc.
B. anehit fomic.
C. anehit axetic.
D. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.
- cng iu kin T, P: t l v th tch l t l v s mol. X + O2 c n CO2 = n H2O => X l anehit no, n
chc mch h.
- 0,01 mol X 0,04 mol Ag => nAg = 4nX
=> X l anehit fomic HCHO.
=> p n B.
Cu 31: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit AlaAlaAlaAla (mch h) thu c hn hp gm 28,48 gam
Ala, 32 gam AlaAla v 27,72 gam AlaAlaAla. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 111,74
B. 81,54
C. 90,6
D. 66,44
S : m gam AlaAlaAlaAla 28,48 gam Ala + 32 gam AlaAla + 27,72 gam AlaAlaAla
Ala: NH2CH(CH3)COOH, Mala = 89 (g/mol).
* Cch tnh khi lng phn t peptit: da trn nguyn tc n aminoaxit tch (n 1) H2O
Ala + Ala AlaAla + H2O
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: MAla-Ala = 89.2 1.18 = 160 (g/mol) => nAla-Ala = 0,2 mol.
Tng t, ta c: M Ala Ala Ala = 3.89 2.18 = 231 (g/mol) => nAla-Ala-Ala = 0,12 mol.
MAla-Ala-Ala-Ala = 4.89 3.18 = 302 (g/mol)
AlaAlaAlaAla 0,32 mol Ala + 0,2 mol AlaAla + 0,12 mol AlaAlaAla
Bo ton nhm Ala:
=> nAla-Ala-Ala-Ala =
Ala trc
Ala sau
= 0,32 + 0,2.2 + 0,12.3 = 1,08 mol.
1, 08
= 0, 27 mol => m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam.
4
=> p n B.
* Cch 2: S dng bo ton nguyn t C v N.
1 Ala c 3 C v 1N:
0, 32.3 + 0, 2.6 + 0,12.9
Theo bo ton nguyn t C ta c: n tetrapeptit =
= 0, 27 mol
12
Hoc theo bo ton nguyn t N: n tetrapeptit =
0,32.1 + 0, 2.2 + 0,12.3

= 0, 27
4
=> m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam

* Cch 3:
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H2O 2Ala-Ala
0,1 mol
0,2 mol
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H2O Ala + Al-Ala-Ala
0,12 mol
0,12mol 0,12 mol
4Ala
Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H2O
0,05 mol
0,32 0,12 = 0,2 mol
=> Tng s mol Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala = 0,1 + 0,12 + 0,05 = 0,27 mol
=> m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam.
=> p n B.
Cu 32: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2, C 3 H 4 v C4 H 4 ( s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c
0,09 mol CO2. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4gam. Cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v C4H4 trong X
ln lt l:
A. CH C-CH3 , CH 2 =C=C=CH 2 .
B. CH 2 =C=CH 2 , CH 2 =C=C=CH 2 .
C. CH C-CH3 , CH 2 =CH-C CH.
D. CH 2 =C=CH 2 , CH 2 =CH-C CH.

Gi x l s mol mi cht trong hn hp X.
+ t chy X ta c: n CO2 = 2x + 3x + 4x = 0,09 mol => x = 0,01 mol
+ Cho X + AgNO3/NH3: ch ankin 1 to kt ta.
Gi s 3 cht u to kt ta
CHCH CAgCAg
(1) => to 2,4 gam kt ta.
CHCCH3 CAgCCH3
(2) => to 1,47 gam kt ta.
(3) => to 1,59 gam kt ta.
CHCCH=CH2 CAgCCH=CH2
(1) lun xy ra.
+ Nu xy ra (1) v (2) => khi lng kt ta = 2,4 + 1,47 = 3,87 < 4gam => loi.
+ Nu xy ra (1) v (3) => khi lng kt ta = 2,4 + 1,59 = 3,99 < 4gam => loi.
Vy c 3 cht u to kt ta.
=> p n D.
Cu 33: S ng phn ca amino axit c cng thc phn t C3H7 O2 N l:

A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 2.
ng vi C3H7 O2 N c 2 ng phn amino axit: NH2CH2CH2COOH v CH3CH(NH2)COOH
=> p n D.
Cu 34: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng trong tinh th canxi cc nguyn
t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh
theo l thuyt l:
A. 0,185 nm.
B. 0,196 nm.
C. 0,155 nm.
D. 0,168 nm.
Th tch 1 mol nguyn t Ca (phn c):
M
74
40 74
V1 mol Ca = Ca .
=
.
= 19,135 cm3
d 100 1,55 100
1 mol nguyn t Ca c 6,02.1023 nguyn t Ca
=> Th tch gn ng ca 1 nguyn t Ca
V
19,135
(cm3)
V1 NT Ca = 1 mol Ca23 =
23
6, 02.10
6, 02.10
Mt khc, nu coi nguyn t Ca hnh cu:
V1 NT Ca =
4r 3
=> r =
3
3V1NT Ca
3.19,135
=3
= 1,96.108 (cm) = 0,196nm.
23
4
4.6,02.10
=> p n B.
Cu 35: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch gm HNO3 0,6M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton ( sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch sau phn ng th
khi lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 19,76 gam.
B. 20,16 gam.
C. 19,20 gam.
D. 22,56 gam.
7, 68
n Cu =
= 0, 2 mol ; n H + = 0, 2(0, 6 + 0,5.2) = 0,32 mol ; n NO = 0, 2.0, 6 = 0,12 mol
3
64
3Cu + 2 NO3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + NO + 4H2O
Ban u:
0,12 0,12
0,32
Phn ng:
0,12 0,08
0,32
0,12
Sau phn ng:
0
0,04
0
0,12
Khi lng mui = m Cu 2+ + m NO- + mSO2- = 0,12.64 + 0,12.62 + 0,5.0,2.96 = 19,76 gam .
3
=> p n A.
Cu 36: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2, trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh ( gm 20 % th
tch O2 v 80% th tch N2) n khi cc phn ng ny xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn duy nht v
hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N2, 14% SO2, cn li l O2. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS
trong hn hp X l:
A. 59,46%
B. 19,64%
C. 42,31%
D. 26,83%
* Cch 1: chn 1 mol hn hp Y
n N 2 = 0,848 mol
=>
n SO2 = 0,14 mol

n O2 = 1 (0,848 + 0,14) = 0,012 mol
V khng kh gm 20 % th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2 => n O2 ban u =
1
1
n N 2 = .0,848 = 0,212 mol
4
4
=> n O2 phn ng = 0,212 0,012 = 0,2 mol
Cch x l 1: Quy hn hp X (FeS v FeS2) X ( Fe: a mol; S: b mol)

4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3
a
0,75a
S
+ O2 SO2
b
b
b
=> b = 0,14 mol; 0,75a + b = 0,2 mol => a = 0,08 mol
FeS: x mol
Bo ton Fe: x + y = 0,08
=> x = 0,02; y = 0,06
FeS2: y mol
Bo ton S: x + 2y = 0,14
=> %FeS =
0, 02.88
.100% = 19, 64% => p n B.
0, 02.88 + 0, 06.120
Cch x l 2: Gi s mol FeS l x, mol FeS2 l y mol

7
2FeS +
O2 Fe2O3 + 2SO2
2
7
x
x
x
4
11
2FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + 4SO2
2
11
y
y
2y
4
Ta c h phng trnh:
n SO2 = x + 2y = 0,14
n O2 p =
7
11
x+
y = 0,2
4
4
=> x = 0,02, y = 0,06.

0, 02.88
=> %FeS =
.100% = 19, 64% => p n B.
0, 02.88 + 0, 06.120
* Cch 2: Chn 1 mol khng kh v xc nh thnh phn s mol mi kh. Sau p dng cch x l 1
hoc 2 nh trn.
2HI (k); H
Cu 37: Cho cn bng ha hc: H2 (k) + I2 (k)
Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi:

A. gim nng HI.
C. tng nhit ca h.
B. tng nng H2.

D. gim p sut chung ca h.

i vi cn bng ca cht kh. p sut khng lm chuyn dch cn bng i vi phn ng khng lm thay
i s phn t kh.
=> p n D.
Cu 38: Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe; Cl2; SO2; NO2; C; Al; Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+; Fe3+. S cht v ion va c
tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 8.
S cht v ion va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l: Cl2; SO2; NO2; C; Fe2+
=> p n B.
Cu 39: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(1) t dy st trong kh clo.
(2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S ( trong iu kin khng c oxi)
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 ( long, d)
(4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 ( long, d)
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st (II)?
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 4.
S phn ng to ra mui st (II):
(2) Fe + S
FeS
(4) Fe + Fe2(SO4)3
3FeSO4
(5) Fe + H2SO4
FeSO4 + H2
=> p n A.
Cu 40: Trong cc th nghim sau:

(1) Cho SiO2 tc dng vi axit HF.
(2) Cho kh SO2 tc dng vi kh H2S.
(3) Cho kh NH3 tc dng vi CuO un nng.
(4) Cho CaOCl2 tc dng vi HCl c.
(5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
(6) Cho kh O3 tc dng vi Ag.
(7) Cho dung dch NH4Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO2 ung nng.
S th nghim to ra n cht l:
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cc th nghim to ra n cht:
(2) SO2 + H2S S + H2O
(3) 2NH3 + 3CuO 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
(4) CaOCl2 + 2HCl c CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(5) Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2
(6) O3 + 2Ag Ag2O + O2
(7) NH4Cl + NaNO2 NaCl + N2 + 2H2O
=> p n D.
II. PHN RING (10 cu)

Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc phn B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cho buta-1,3-ien phn ng cng vi Br2 theo t l mol 1: 1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn cu
to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l:
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.

Sn phm cng 1,2: CH2BrCHBrCH=CH2.
Sn phm cng 1,4: CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br (c 2 ng phn hnh hc: cis v trans)
=> p n B.
Cu 42: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh
A. Dung dch lysin
B. Dung dch alanin C. Dung dch glyxin
D. Dung dch valin

Lysin: NH2(CH2)4CH(NH2) COOH
Glyxin: NH2CH2COOH
Alanin: NH2(CH)CH3COOH
Valin: (CH3)2CH(CH)NH2COOH
=> Lysin c 2 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH lm qu tm ha xanh.
=> p n A.
Cu 43: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn xp) th
A. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H 2 O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl .
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ha H 2 O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
C. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na + v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl .
D. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Na + v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl .
Cc (-)
NaCl
Cc (+)
+
Na , H2O
Cl-, H2O
H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
Qu trnh kh
Qu trnh oxi ha
=> p n A.
Cu 44: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu 2+ v Cr 3+ ln lt l
A. [ Ar ] 3d 9v [ Ar ] 3d1 4s 2 .
B. [ Ar ] 3d 7 4s 2v [ Ar ] 3d1 4s 2 .
C. [ Ar ] 3d 9 v [ Ar ] 3d3 .
D. [ Ar ] 3d 7 4s 2 v [ Ar ] 3d3 .

Cu(Z = 29): 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
Cu 2e Cu2+
=> Cu2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d9
Cr(Z = 24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1

Cr 3e Cr3+
=> Cr3+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d3
=> p n C.
Cu 45: Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut ton b qu trnh
l 90%. Hp th ton b lng CO 2 sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo nc vi trong, thu c 330
gam kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi lng nc vi trong ban u l 132
gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 297.
B. 405.
C. 486.
D. 324.
S :
C6H10O5
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
m dd = m m CO2 => m CO2 = 330 132 = 198 gam => n CO2 = 4,5 mol
C6H10O5
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
2,25 mol
4,5 mol
2, 25.162.100
= 405 gam
V H = 90% => m =
90
=> p n B.
Cu 46: Ha hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc X v mt axit no a chc Y (s mol X ln

hn s mol Y), thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 5,6 gam N 2 (o trong cng iu kin nhit ,
p sut). Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 10,752 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc cu
to ca X, Y ln lt l
A. CH 3 CH 2 COOH v HOOC COOH.
C. H COOH v HOOC COOH.
B. CH 3 COOH v HOOC CH 2 CH 2 COOH.

D. CH 3 COOH v HOOC CH 2 COOH.

T, P = const: t l v th tch l t l v s mol
5, 6
=> n Axit = n N 2 =
= 0, 2 mol
28
n CO2 0, 48
=> n =
=
= 2, 4
n hh
0, 2
=> X c s C < 2,4 => loi A. X l HCOOH hoc CH3COOH.
Trong 3 p n cn li, c 2 p n l X l CH3COOH v 1 p n X l HCOOH, Y l axit no, 2 chc
CnH2n 2O4
Nu X l CH3COOH:
Theo bi ta c h phng trnh:
60a + (14n + 62)b = 15,52
a + b = 0,2
=> n =3
2a + bn = 0,48
=> p n D.
Cu 47: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng ca chng
trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A. CH 4 v H 2 O.
B. CO 2 v O 2 .
C. CO 2 v CH 4 .
D. N 2 v CO.
p n C. Kh CO2 v CH4.
Cu 48: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4 . Sau mt thi gian,
thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H 2SO 4 . (long, d), sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui
duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l
A. 58,52%.
B. 41,48%.
C. 48,15%.
D. 51,85%.
H2SO4 l, d
S bi ton: 2,7 gam X (Fe, Zn) + CuSO4
Rn Z
dung dch ch cha 1 mui
+ Th t phn ng: Zn phn ng trc, Fe phn ng sau.
+ Dung dch sau phn ng ch cha mui duy nht l FeSO4
=> Rn Z c: Cu v Fe d + H2SO4 long, d.
0, 28
Khi lng rn gim l Fe d = 0,28 gam => nFe =
= 0, 005 mol
56
+ Gi x = nZn ; y = nFe p, ta c:
mX = 65x + 56y + 0,28 = 2,7
(I)
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
x
x
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
y
y
mZ = 64(x + y) + 0,28 = 2,84
(II)
T (I), (II): x = y = 0,02 mol
(0, 02 + 0, 005)56
=> %Fe =
.100% = 51,85%
2, 7
=> p n D.
Cu 49: Cho hn hp X gm Fe2 O3 , ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Y
v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta
A. Fe(OH)2 v Cu(OH)2 .
B. Fe(OH) 2 ,Cu(OH) 2 v Zn(OH)2 .
C. Fe(OH)3 .
D. Fe(OH)3 v Zn(OH) 2 .

X + HCl d:
Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2 FeCl3 + 3H2O
ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O
Phn khng tan Z l Cu => FeCl3 chuyn ht thnh FeCl2.
Cu + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
Dung dch Y gm: FeCl2, ZnCl2, CuCl2, HCl d + NaOH d
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
ZnCl2 + 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + 2NaCl

CuCl2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl
FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH d Na2[Zn(OH)4]
=> Kt ta thu c gm: Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)2.
=> p n A.
Cu 50: X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C3H 6O . X tc dng c vi

Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z
khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cac cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH 2 =CH CH 2 OH, CH 3 CO CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 CHO.
B. CH 2 =CH CH 2 OH , CH 3 CH 2 CHO, CH 3 CO CH 3 .
C. CH 3 CH 2 CHO , CH 3 CO CH 3 , CH 2 =CH CH 2 OH.
D. CH 3 CO CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 CHO , CH 2 =CH CH 2 OH.
X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc => loi C, D.
Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc => loi A.
=> p n B.
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai?
A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn.
B. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn.
C. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom.
D. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.
RCR
O
+ HCN
CN
RCR
OH
Xianohirin
Sn phm bn
=> p n A.
Cu 52: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh

dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch H2SO4 long.
B. Dung dch NaCl.
C. Dung dch NaOH.
D. Dung dch NH3.
Kh Cl2 d dng kt hp vi NH3 to thnh sn phm khng c.
2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl
H3 d + HCl NH4Cl
=> NH3 (k) + Cl2 (k) NH4Cl (r) + N2 (k)
=> p n D.
Cu 53: Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X gm cc amino
1
axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacbonyl trong phn t). Nu cho
hn hp
10
X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th lng mui khan thu c l
A. 7,09 gam.
B. 16,30 gam.
C. 8,15 gam.
D. 7,82 gam.
60 gam hn hp 2 ipeptit + H2O 63,6 gam hn hp X
3, 6
= 0, 2 mol
18
NH2RCONHRCOOH + H2O NH2RCOOH + NH2RCOOH
0,2 mol 0,2 mol
0,2 mol
=> nX = 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4 mol.
1
X c 0,04 mol aminoaxit NH 2 R COOH , 6,36 gam X.
10
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: m H2O = 63, 6 60 = 3, 6 gam => n H2O =
NH 2 R COOH + HCl NH3Cl R COOH

0,04
0,04
Theo bo ton khi lng: mmui = maminoaxit + mHCl = 6,36 + 0,04.36,5 = 7,82 gam.
=> p n D.
Hoc tnh theo tng gim khi lng:
1 mol NH 2 R COOH 1 mol NH3Cl R COOH : m = 36,5 gam
0,04 mol
m = 0,04.36,5 = 1,46 gam
=> mmui = 6,36 + 1,46 = 7,82 gam.
Cu 54: Cho s phn ng:

+HCN
trung hop
dong trung hop
CH CH
X; X
polime Y; X+CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2
polime Z.
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?

A. T capron v cao su buna.
B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T olon v cao su buna-N.
D. T nitron v cao su buna-S.

X: CH2=CHCN trng hp => Y: poliacrilonitrin (t nitron hay cn gi l olon).
ng trng hp CH2=CHCN v CH2=CHCH=CH2 => Cao su bunaN (polime Z)
=> p n C.
Cu 55: Ha tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, rt d), sau
khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu va 100 ml dung dch
KMnO4 0,1M. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,96.
B. 1,24.
C. 0,64.
D. 3,2.

* Cch 1: Vit phng trnh ion
n Fe3O4 = 0,02 mol
n KMnO4 = 0,1.0,1= 0,01 mol
Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O
0,02
0,02 0,04
3+
Cu + 2Fe Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
x
2x
=> n Fe2+ = 0,02 + 2x
5Fe2+ + MnO 4 + 8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O
0,05 0,01
=> 0,02 + 2x = 0,05 => x = 0,015
=> mCu = 0,015.64 = 0,96 gam.
=> p n A.
* Cch 2: S bi ton
(x mol Cu, 0,02 mol Fe3O4) + H+ dung dch X (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, H+) + Mn+7 (Cu2+, Fe3+) + Mn+2
Cu 2e Cu2+
x
2x
Fe3O4 1e 3Fe3+
0,02 0,02
Mn+7 + 5e Mn+2
0,01
0,05
Theo bo ton electron: 2x + 0,02 = 0,05 => x = 0,015
=> mCu = 0,015.64 = 0,96 gam.
=> p n A.
Cu 56: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H2SO4 vo dung dch Na2CrO4 l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang khng mu.
D. Dung dch chuyn t khng vng sang mu da cam.
2CrO 24 + 2H + Cr2O72 + H 2O
Mu vng
mu da cam
Theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng, khi nh H+ vo dung dch Na2CrO4 => cn bng chuyn dch theo
chiu thun.
=> p n A.
Cu 57: Cho cc phn ng sau:

Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi l:

A. Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+.
B. Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+.
C. Fe2+, Ag+, Fe3+.
D. Ag+, Fe3+, Fe2+.

Da vo quy tc :
V Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 => Tnh oxi ha: Fe3+ > Fe2+
AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag => Tnh oxi ha: Ag+ > Fe3+
=> Tnh oxi ha: Ag+ > Fe3+ > Fe2+
Hay da vo dy in ha ta thy ngay p n A.
Cu 58: t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol
n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,99 gam H2O. S este ng phn ca X l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 6.
* Cch 1: n H 2O = n CO2 n CO2 = 0, 005 mol ; n H 2O = 0, 005 mol => n H 2O = n CO2 => Este no, n chc (hay
theo u bi ta cng suy ra este no, n chc) => X c cng thc: CnH2nO2
CnH2nO2 nCO2
0,005
0,005
n
0,11n
=> MX = 14n + 32 =
=> n = 4 => X: C4H8O2
0,005
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn este no, n chc = 2n-2 = 24 -2 = 22 = 4.
=> p n C.
Cu 59: Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 1M (Ka = 1,75.10-5) v HCl 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 2,33.
B. 2,55.
C. 1,77.
D. 2,43.
Cc qu trnh phn li:
HCl H+ + Cl0,001 M 0,001 M
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
Ban u: 1M
Phn li: x
Cn bng: 1 x
Ka =
x
x
0,001M
x
0,001 + x
[CH 3COO- ][H + ] x(0,001 + x)

=
= 1, 75.10 5 => x = 3,705.10-3
[CH 3COOH]
1 x
=> [H+] = 0,001 + 3,705.10-3 = 4,705.10-3 M => pH = lg[H+] = 2,33

=> p n A.
Cu 60: Cho dy chuyn ha sau:

+C2 H 4
+Br2 ,as
KOH/C 2 H 5 OH
Benzen
X
Y
Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh).
tile mol1:1
xt, t o
t0
Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l
A. benzylbromua v toluen.
C. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren.
B. 2-brom-1-phenylbenzen v stiren.
D. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.

0
xt , t
C6 H 6 + CH 2 =CH 2
C6 H5CH 2 CH3
(X)
as
1:1
C6 H5CH 2CH3 + Br2

C6 H5CHBrCH3 + HBr : Th vo gc no, u tin th C bc cao.
(Y)
C 2 H5 OH
t0
C6 H5CHBrCH3 + KOH
C6 H5CH 2 =CH 2 + KBr + H 2 O
(Z)
* Ch : nu khng c C2H5OH th xy ra phn ng th nguyn t brom.
(Y) C6 H 5CHBrCH 3 : 1-brom-1-phenyletan
(Z) C6 H 5CH 2 =CH 2 : Stiren.
=> p n C.
Mi kin xin gi v: V Ngc Bnh

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HNG DN GII CHI TIT THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011

MN HA KHI A M thi 758

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:

Cu: 0,7m (g)

Fe: 0,3m (g)

+ 0,7 mol HNO3

* Cch 2: Da v phng trnh ion electron v nh lut bo ton electron.

n (NO, NO2 ) = x + y = 0,25

=> x = 0,1 mol, y = 0,15 mol

n H + = n HNO3 = 4x +2y = 0,7

=> ne nhn = ne nhng = 3.0,1 + 0,15 = 0,45 mol

=> n H 2O = n CO2 n hh = 0,18 0, 03 = 0,15 mol

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Bo ton electron: 2x + 0,109 = 0,28 => x = 0,0855 mol M

* Cch 2: Vit phng trnh phn ng

0,07 0,02725 = 0,04275

=> m = 0,07.64 = 4,48 gam.

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y l sai?

Cu 13 : Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.

phn 1: dung dch KOH d => Al v K u ht.

=> n H 2 = 0,5a + 1,5b =

Thay vo (I): b = 0,02

Hn hp kim loi Y gm:

0,02 0,01 = 0,01 mol Al d, c mol Fe + H+ (Al3+, Fe2+) +

p dng bo ton electron: 0,01.3 + 2c = 0,025.2 = 0,05 => c = 0,01 mol.

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

- X cha 2 OH phenol c 6 cng thc cu to:

Cng ha tr ca mt nguyn t l s lin kt cng ha tr ca nguyn t vi cc nguyn t khc.

n OH = 0, 025 + 0, 0125.2 = 0, 05 mol

S bi ton: CO2 + OH-

Bo ton nguyn t C: x + y = 0,03

=> n CaCO = n Ca 2+ = 0, 0125 mol

=> x = 0,0125.100 = 1,25 gam.

T ta c h phng trnh: S mol CO2 = x + y = 0,03, s mol OH- = 2x + y = 0,05.

T s trn d thy: n CO2 n H2O = 2n Axit => n Axit =

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nguyn t:

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

=> S mol CO2 = xn = y => n =

* Cch 2: Th p n, chn x = 1 mol.

Khi thm tip NaNO3 vo bnh, thu c kh NO => H+ d .

=> VNO (ktc) = 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 lt.

Cu 25: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn l

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Theo (4, 5, 6): n CO2 = 2a + b + 2c =

Cch x l 1: T (I, II, III) => a = 0,1, b = 0,2, c = 0,2

n O(Axit) = 2a + 2b + 4c = 2(a + b + 2c) = 2.0, 7 = 1, 4 mol

* Cch 2: Khi cho axit cacboxylic tc dng vi NaHCO3. Bn cht phn ng l

Cu 27: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc

+ Khi lng bnh brom tng = m hirocacbon khng no = 10,8 gam.

Cch x l 1: mX = 26.a + 2a = 14 => a = 0,5 mol.

m = 5,2 3,88 = 1,32 gam (theo bi)

[C6H7O2(OH)3] + 3HNO3 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3] + 3H2O

= 0,32 + 0,2.2 + 0,12.3 = 1,08 mol.

Hoc theo bo ton nguyn t N: n tetrapeptit =

0,32.1 + 0, 2.2 + 0,12.3

=> m = 0,27.302 = 81,54 gam

C. CH C-CH3 , CH 2 =CH-C CH.

D. CH 2 =C=CH 2 , CH 2 =CH-C CH.

Phn tch, hng dn gii:

Cu 33: S ng phn ca amino axit c cng thc phn t C3H7 O2 N l:

n SO2 = 0,14 mol

V khng kh gm 20 % th tch O2 v 80% th tch N2 => n O2 ban u =