HNG DN GII THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2012

Mn thi : HA, khi A - M : 384

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t :
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52, Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag=108; Ba = 137.
PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40):
Cu 1: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (1), C2H5NH2 (2), (C6H5)2NH (3), (C2H5)2NH (4), NH3 (5) (C6H5- l gc
phenyl). Dy cc cht sp xp theo th t lc baz gim dn l :
A. (4), (1), (5), (2), (3).
B. (3), (1), (5), (2), (4).
C. (4), (2), (3), (1), (5).
D. (4), (2), (5), (1), (3).
Gii: Cng nhiu gc phenyl th lc bazo cng gim. (3) yu nht, (1) yu th 2. D.
Cu 2: Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO 4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht
hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut
phn ng hirat ha axetilen l:
A. 80%.
B. 70%.
C. 92%.
D. 60%.
Gii: P:
C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO + H2O
CH3CHO (x mol)

2Ag
C2H2
(y mol)

C2Ag2
Ta c hpt:
x + y = 5.2/26 = 0.2 mol (1)
108*2x + 240*y = 44.16 (2)
x = 0.16 mol, y = 0.04 mol H = 0.16/0.2 = 0.8 = 80%
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt ancol n
chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc nhau) thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Thc hin phn
ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80% thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,08.
B. 6,12.
C. 8,16.
D. 2,04.
Gii: t hn hp: nH2O > nCO2 Ancol no, n, h nancol = 0.4 0.3 = 0.1 (mol)
S C ca ancol: Cancol < 0.3/0.1 = 3 Cancol = 1 hoc 2
+ Vi Cancol = 1 l CH3OH maxit = 7.6 0.1*32 = 4.4 gam, nCO2 do t axit = 0.3 0.1 = 0.2 mol

n = 4 2 (nhn) Axit l C3H7COOH 0.05 mol

Thc hin phn ng este ho 7.6 g hn hp to ra C3H7COOCH3:

naxit = 0.05 < nancol = 0.1
neste = 0.05*80% = 0.04 mol
meste = 0.04*(87+15) = 4.08 gam
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 4,64 gam mt hirocacbon X (cht kh iu kin thng) ri em ton b sn
phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2. Sau cc phn ng thu c 39,4 gam kt ta v khi
lng phn dung dch gim bt 19,912 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H4.
B. CH4.
C. C2H4.
D. C4H10.
Gii: Hidrocacbon X: CxHy => 12x + y = 4.64 (gam) (1)
Tng khi lng CO2 v H2O: mCO2 + mH2O+ = 39.4 19.912 44x + 18*0.5y = 19.488 (2)
T (1) v (2) x = 0.348, y = 0.464 (mol) = =
= Hidrocacbon l C3H4 A.
Cu 5: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na 2O v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch X trong sut.
Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml
th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 23,4 v 56,3.
B. 23,4 v 35,9.
C. 15,6 v 27,7.
D. 15,6 v 55,4
.Gii: Khi bt xut hin kt ta th OH va ht nNaOH d = 0.1 mol.
Khi dng 0.3 mol H+ (c 0.2 p vi NaAlO2) hoc 0.7 mol H+ (c 0.6 p vi NaAlO2) th
lng
kt ta thu c l bng nhau. Trc cc i v sau cc i:
Khi dng 0.2 mol H+ nAl(OH)3 = 0.2 (mol) a = 78*0.2 = 15.6 gam
Khi dng 0.6 mol H+ 0.6 = 4*nAlO2 3*nAl(OH)3 nAlO2 = 0.3 mol nAl2O3 = 0.15 mol
nNa = nAlO2 + nNaOH d = 0.3 + 0.1 = 0.4 mol nNa2O = 0.2 mol
M = 62*0.2 + 102*0.15 = 27.7 gam
Cu 6: Cho cc cp oxi ha kh c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha ca dng oxi ha nh sau:
Fe2+/Fe, Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/Fe2+. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Cu2+ oxi ha c Fe2+ thnh Fe3+.
B. Fe3+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+.
3+
C. Cu kh c Fe thnh Fe.
D. Fe2+ oxi ha c Cu thnh Cu2+.
Gii: Cu ny cho im ri.! Qu c bn.

Cu 7: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s oxi ha thp nht) v trong
oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.
D. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
Gii: t 2 hp cht l RH8-n v R2On ta c:

Ta xt vi n = {4, 5, 6, 7}(Ch nhm VII c flo c bit OF2 nhng bi ny ko gi th)

th vi n = 4 ta c R = 12 R l Cacbon Pht oxit cao nht l CO2 v pht CO2 ko phn cc.
Cu 8: Cho hn hp K2CO3 v NaHCO3 (t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO 3)2 thu c kt ta X v
dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra th ht 560 ml. Bit ton
b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta X l:
A. 3,94 gam.
B. 7,88 gam.
C. 11,28 gam.
D. 9,85 gam.
Gii: Trong dd Y cha: HCO3- v CO32Y p vi NaOH: HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
0.2 mol 0.2 mol
+
HCO3 + H CO2 + H2O
CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
0.2 0.2 mol
0.04 0.28-0.2=0.08 mol
nCO3 ban u = 0.04 mol => nNaHCO3=0.04 mol nBa(HCO3)2 =
= 0.08 mol
nBa2+ = 0.08 mol > nCO3= 0.04 mol nBaCO3 = 0,04 mol mBaCO3 = 0.04*197= 7.88 gam
A
Cu 9: Cho cc phn ng sau :
(a) H2S + SO2
(b) Na2S2O3 + dung dch H2SO4 (long)
t0

(c) SiO2 + Mg
(d) Al2O3 + dung dch NaOH
ti le mol 1:2
(e) Ag + O3
(g) SiO2 + dung dch HF
S phn ng to ra n cht l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Gii: (a) 2H2S + SO2 S + H2O + 3S
(b) Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 (long) Na2SO4 + SO2 + S + H2O
t0
Si + 2MgO
(c) SiO2 + 2Mg
ti le mol 1:2
(e) Ag + O3 AgO + O2
Cu 10: Qung no sau y giu st nht?
A. Pirit st.
B. Hematit .
C. Manhetit.
D. Xierit.
Gii: Cu ny ging kh.A-2008.
Manhetit-Fe3O4 giu st nht (72.41%), pirit-FeS2 ngho st nht (46.67%).
Cu 11 : Nguyn t R to c cation R+. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca R + ( trng thi c
bn) l 2p6. Tng s ht mang in trong nguyn t R l:
A. 11.
B. 10.
C. 22.
D. 23.
Gii: S proton P = 10 +1 = 11. S ht mang in: P + E = 2P = 22. (Cu ny cho im)
Cu 12: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trongng mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Gii: (a), (b), (c) ng. Pht biu cui sai: tristearin (C17H35COO)3C3H5, triolein (C17H33COO)3C3H5
Cu 13: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) t chy hon ton este no, n chc, mch h lun thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O.
(b) Trong hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon v hiro.

(c) Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t ging nhau, thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay
nhiu nhm CH2 l ng ng ca nhau.
(d) Dung dch glucoz b kh bi AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra Ag.
(e) Saccaraz ch c cu to mch vng.
S pht biu ng l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Gii: Cu (a), (e) ng.
Cu (b): Trong HCHC ch nht thit phi c cacbon. Vd: NaOOC-COONa l cht hu c.
Cu (c): Nhng hp cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t ging nhau, thnh phn phn t hn km nhau
mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 v c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau l ng ng ca nhau.
Cu (d): Dung dch glucoz b oxi ho bi AgNO3 trong NH3 to ra Ag.
Cu 14: Cho dy cc cht: stiren, ancol benzylic, anilin, toluen, phenol (C6H5OH). S cht trong dy c kh
nng lm mt mu nc brom l:
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 2.
Gii: 3 cht: stiren, anilin, phenol (C6H5OH).
Cu 15: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao nhiu oxit trong dy
tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 8.
D. 5.
Gii: C 6 cht l: NO2, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7.
Cr2O3 v SiO2 ch tc dng vi NaOH c, nng.
Cu 16: Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO3, Ca (ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl. Nhit phn hon ton X
thu c 13,44 lt O2 (ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl2 v KCl. Ton b Y tc dng va vi 0,3 lt dung dch
K2CO3 1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm khi
lng KCl trong X l:
A. 25,62%.
B. 12,67%.
C. 18,10%.
D. 29,77%.
Gii: Khi lng rn Y: mY = mX mO2 = 82.3 13.44/22.4*32 = 63.1 (gam)
Trong Y: CaCl2, KCl mCaCl2 + mKCl = 63.1 (1)
P:
CaCl2 + K2CO3 2KCl + CaCl2
0.3 0.3 mol 0.6 mol
mCaCl2 = 33.3 gam
T (1) mKCl trong Y = 29.8 g
mKCl trong Z = 29.8 + 0.6*74.5 = 74.5 gam
Theo : mKCl trong Z = 5*mKCl trong Y mKCl trong X = 74.5/5 = 14.9 gam
% mKCl trong X = 14.9/82.3 = 18.1%
Cu 17: Trong ancol X, oxi chim 26,667% v khi lng. un nng X vi H2SO4 c thu c anken Y.
Phn t khi ca Y l
A. 56.
B. 70.
C. 28.
D. 42.
Gii: X tch nc to anken suy ra X l ancol no, n, mch h CTPT: CnH2n+2O
Mx = 16/0.26667 = 60 MY = 60 18 = 42 (C3H6)
Cu 18: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui (vi in cc
tr) l:
A. Ni, Cu, Ag.
B. Li, Ag, Sn.
C. Ca, Zn, Cu.
D. Al, Fe, Cr.
Gii: Loi: B c Li, C c Ca, D c Al.
Cu 19: Cho cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH):
(a) Phenol tan nhiu trong nc lnh.
(b) Phenol c tnh axt nhng dung dch phenol trong nc khng lm i mu qu tm.
(c) Phenol c dng sn xut phm nhum, cht dit nm mc.
(d) Nguyn t H ca vng benzen trong phenol d b thay th hn nguyn t H trong benzen.
(e) Cho nc brom vo dung dch phenol thy xut hin kt ta.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Gii: Ch c (a) sai: phenol ko tan trong nc lnh, tan nhiu trong nc nng.
Cu 20: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Mui phenylamoni clorua khng tan trong nc.
B. Tt c cc peptit u c phn ng mu biure.
C. H2N-CH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH l mt ipeptit.
D. iu kin thng, metylamin v imetylamin l nhng cht kh c mi khai.
Gii: Cu A sai: Mui phenylamoni clorua tan trong nc.

Cu B sai: Cc peptit u c phn ng mu biure tr ipeptit.

Cu C sai: v 2 gc H2N-CH2-CH2-CO- ko phi l -aminoaxit.
Cu 21: t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken kt tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn va 10,5 lt
O2 (cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hirat ha hon ton X trong iu kin thch hp
thu c hn hp ancol Y, trong khi lng ancol bc hai bng 6/13 ln tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt.
Phn trm khi lng ca ancol bc mt (c s nguyn t cacbon ln hn) trong Y l:
A. 46,43%.
B. 31,58%.
C. 10,88%.
D. 7,89%.
Gii: Ta c s CTB = =
= 2.33 2 anken l C2H4 v C3H6 VC2H4 = 2 lt, VC3H6 = 1 lt
Khi lng ancol bc 1 bng 6/13 ln tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt: ancol bc 1 gm C2H5OH (2
lt) v C3H7OH (x lt); ancol bc 2 l CH3CH(OH)CH3 (1 - x lt)

= x = 0.2 lt
%C3H7OH =
100% =7.89%
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit no (ch c nhm chc COOH v NH 2 trong phn t), trong t l
mO : mN = 80 : 21. tc dng va vi 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt khc, t
chy hon ton 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 3,192 lt O2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (CO2, H2O v N2) vo
nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 20 gam.
B. 13 gam.
C. 10 gam.
D. 15 gam.
Gii: nNH2 = nHCl = 0.03 mol
nN = 0.03 mol
mN = 0.42 gam
mO = 80/21*0.42 = 1.6 gam
nO = 0.1 mol
Thnh phn ca hn hp X gm C: x mol, H: y mol, O: 0.1 mol v N: 0.03 mol.
Ta c: mX = mC + mH + mN + mO 3.83 = 12x + y + 0.42 + 1.6 (gam) 12x + y = 1.81 (1)
Theo L bo ton nguyn t ta c: nO trong X + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O
0.1 + 2*0.1425 = 2x + 0.5y 2x + 0.5y = 0.385 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra: x = 0.13, y = 0.25 (mol) nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 100x = 13 (gam)
Cu 23: Hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc cu to c th c ca X
l:
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 4.
Gii:
2-metyl but-1-en (1), 2-metyl but-2-en (2), 2-metyl but-3-en (3),
2-metyl but-1,3-ien (4), 3-metyl but-1,2-ien (5)
3-metyl but-1-in (6), 2-metyl but-1-en-3-in (7)
Cu 24: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Na2SO4. S cht trong dy va phn ng c vi
dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Gii: 4 cht gm: Al v 3 cht lng tnh Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3.
Cu 25: Loi t no sau y c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp?
A. T visco.
B. T nitron.
C. T nilon-6,6.
D. T xenluloz axetat.
Gii: Cu ny l thuyt cn bn: ch c 1 t l t nitron (hay olon) c iu ch bng p trng hp.
Cu 26: Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 long,
sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l:
A. 5,83 gam.
B. 7,33 gam.
C. 4,83 gam.
D. 7,23 gam.
Gii: nSO4 = nH2 = 0.05 mol mmui = mkim loi + mSO4 = 2.43 + 96*0.05 = 7.23gam
Cu 27: Cho 500ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo V ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M; sau khi cc phn ng kt
thc thu c 12,045 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 75.
B. 150.
C. 300.
D. 200.
Gii: Ta c: nBa2+ = 0.5*0.1 = 0.05 mol
G/s nBa < nSO4 nBaSO4 = 0.05 mol mBaSO4 = 0.05*233 = 11.65 gam
mAl(OH)3 = 12.045 11.65 = 0.005064102 (s mol l) TH ny loi.
nSO4 < nBa2+. t nAl2(SO4)3 = x mol nAl = 2x (mol), nSO4 = 3x mol. 3x < 0.05 mol
2x < 1/30 nAl3+ < 1/3 mol 3nAl3+ < 0.1 mol Kt ta Al(OH)3 b ho tan 1 phn.
CT:
nOH- = 4nAl3+ - nAl(OH) nAl(OH)= 4*2x 0.1 (mol), nBaSO4 = nSO4 = 3x mol
Khi lng kt ta: 12.045 = 78(8x - 0.1) + 233*3x x = 0.015 mol V = n/CM = 0.15 lt.
Cu 28: Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, p-HO-C6H4-COOC2H5, p-HO-C6H4-COOH, pHCOO-C6H4-OH, p-CH3O-C6H4-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy tha mn ng thi 2 iu kin sau?
(a) Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1.

(b) Tc dng c vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2 bng s mol cht phn ng.

A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Gii: Ch c p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH l tho mn c 2 iu kin.
p-HO-C6H4-COOC2H5, HO-C6H4-COOH tc dng vi NaOH t l 1:2 Loi
p-HCOO-C6H4-OH: tc dng vi NaOH t l 1:3 Loi
p-CH3O-C6H4-OH: tc dng vi Na t l 1:1 Loi
Cu 29: Hp cht X c cng thc C8H14O4. T X thc hin cc phn ng (theo ng t l mol):
(a) X + 2NaOH X1 + X2 + H2O
(b) X1 + H2SO4 X3 + Na2SO4
(c) nX3 + nX4 nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O
(d) 2X2 + X3 X5 + 2H2O
Phn t khi ca X5 l:
A. 198.
B. 202.
C. 216.
D. 174.
Gii: Bi nay gi t l p (a) to ra 1mol ancol nhng p (d) tc dng vi 2 mol ancol.
T phn ng (3) X3 l axit aipic HOOC-[CH2]4-COOH X2 l C2H5OH
P este ho: HOOC-[CH2]4-COOH + 2 C2H5OH C2H5OOC-[CH2]4-COO C2H5 + 2H2O
MX5 = 202
(X3)
(X2)
(X5)
MX5 = 202
Cu 30: Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M; khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,72.
B. 4,08.
C. 4,48.
D. 3,20.
2+
+
Gii:
Fe Fe + 2e
Ag
+ 1e

Ag
0.05 0.1 mol
0.02 0.04 mol 0.02 mol
Cu2+ + 2e

Cu
0,1-0,02=0.08 0.04 mol
mrn = 0.02*108 + 0.04*64 = 4.72 gam.
Cu 31: Cho s phn ng :
xuctac
(a) X + H2O
Y
(b) Y + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O amoni gluconat + Ag + NH4NO3
xuctac
(c) Y
E+Z
anh sang
X+G
(d) Z + H2O
chat diepluc
X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. Tinh bt, glucoz, etanol.
B. Tinh bt, glucoz, cacbon ioxit.
C. Xenluloz, saccaroz, cacbon ioxit.
D. Xenluloz, fructoz, cacbon ioxit.
Gii: P (a): loi D v xenlulozo thu phn tinh bt to ra sn phm cui cng l glucozo.
P (b): Y c kh nng tham gia p trng bc Loi C.
P (d): Z tham gia p quang hp Z l CO2 quang hp to ra tinh bt p n B.
Cu 32: Mt loi phn kali c thnh phn chnh l KCl (cn li l cc tp cht khng cha kali) c sn xut
t qung xinvinit c dinh dng 55%. Phn trm khi lng ca KCl trong loi phn kali l:
A. 95,51%.
B. 87,18%.
C. 65,75%.
D. 88,52%.
Gii: dinh dng l %mK2O c trong phn kali, phn m l %mN v phn ln l %mP2O5.
Chn khi lng qung xinvinit l 100gam mK2O = 55 gam nKCl = 2*nK2O = 2*55/94
mKCl = 74.5*nKCl = 87.18gam
%mKCl = 87.18/100*100% = 87.18%
Cu 33: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca nguyn t Y
nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xt no sau y
v X, Y l ng?
A. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
B. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.
D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
Gii: Ta c h pt: PY PX = 1
PX + PY = 33
Px = 16, PY =27
2
2
6
2
4
2
2
6
2
4
X l S: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Y l Cl: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Phn lp cui cng ca X (phn lp p) c 4 electron.
Cu 34: Thc hin cc th nghim sau ( iu kin thng):
(a) Cho ng kim loi vo dung dch st (III) clorua.
(b) Sc kh hiro sunfua vo dung dch ng (II) sunfat.
(c) Cho dung dch bc nitrat vo dung dch st (III) clorua.

(d) Cho bt lu hunh vo thy ngn.

S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
3+
2+
2+
Gii: (a) Cu + 2Fe Cu + 2Fe
(b) H2S + CuSO4 CuS + H2SO4
(c) 3AgNO3 + FeCl3 3AgCl + Fe(NO3)3 (d) Hg + S HgS
Cu 35: Xt phn ng phn hy N2O5 trong dung mi CCl4 450C :
1
N2O5 N2O4 + O2
2
Ban u nng ca N2O5 l 2,33M, sau 184 giy nng ca N2O5 l 2,08M. Tc trung bnh ca phn
ng tnh theo N2O5 l
A. 1,36.10-3 mol/(l.s).
B. 6,80.10-4 mol/(l.s)
-3
C. 6,80.10 mol/(l.s).
D. 2,72.10-3 mol/(l.s).
Gii: Cu ny cho im na ri: v =
=
= 1.36*10-3 mol/(l.s)
Cu 36: in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vi in cc tr trong t gi, cng dng in khng i
2,68A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe
vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5 gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht
ca N+5). Gi tr ca t l:
A. 0.8.
B. 0,3.
C. 1,0.
D. 1,2.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi: Ag v Fed
PT in phn:
4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4HNO3 + 4Ag + O2
B:
0.15
(mol)
P:
x

x
(mol)
Sau p: 0.15-x
x
(mol)
Khi cho Fe vo:
Fe + (AgNO3d , HNO3) Ag, Fe v Fe2+ (do Fe d)
Bo ton electron:
ne nhn = 0.75*nHNO3 + nAgNO3 = 0.75*x + 0.15 x = 0.15 0.25x (mol)
ne nhng = 2 nFe2+ = ne nhn nFe2+ = 0.075 0.125x (mol)
Khi lng hh KL: 12.6mKL = mFe d + mAg = mFe ban u mFe p + mAg
14.5 = 12.6 56*(0.075 0.125x) + 108*(0.15 x)
x = 0.1 (mol) nAg = 0.1 ne in phn = t*I/96500
0.1 = t*2.68/96500 t = 3600s = 1 gi.
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic. Cho m gam X phn ng ht vi
dung dch NaHCO3 thu c 1,344 lt CO2 (ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X cn 2,016 lt O2 (ktc), thu
c 4,84 gam CO2 v a gam H2O. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1,62.
B. 1,80.
C. 3,60.
D. 1,44.
Gii: Bo ton ngt O: nO trong axit = 2*nCO2 = 2*1.344/22.4 = 0.12 mol
Theo L bo ton ngt ta c: nO trong axit + 2*nO2 = 2*nCO2 + nH2O
0.12 + 2*0.09 = 2*0.11 + nH2O nH2O = 0.08 mol
mH2O = 1.44g
Cu 38: Hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm X (khng
c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2hn hp gm
A. Al2O3 v Fe.
B. Al, Fe v Al2O3.
C. Al, Fe, Fe3O4 v Al2O3.
D. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4.
Gii: Ta c: ne nhn max = 8*nFe2O3 = 8
ne nhng max = 3*nAl = 3*3 = 9
Al d
Sn phm: Fe, Al2O3 v Ald
Cu 39: Hn hp M gm mt anken v hai amin no, n chc, mch h X v Y l ng ng k tip (M X <
MY). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng 4,536 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c H2O, N2 v 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc).
Cht Y l:
A. etylmetylamin.
B. butylamin.
C. etylamin.
D. propylamin.
Gii: Thy A v D u c CTPT C3H9N Loi A v D v thiu s liu ko th xc nh CTCT.
Bo ton ngt O ta c: 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nH2O = 0.205 mol
S mol amin: namin =

= 0.07 (Do anken t to ra nCO2 = nH2O)

S CTB ca 2 amin < 0.1/0.07 = 1.429

2 amin l CH5N v C2H7N
Cu 40: Dy cht no sau y u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO2?
A. H2S, O2, nc brom.B. O2, nc brom, dung dch KMnO4.
C. Dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4.
D. Dung dch BaCl2, CaO, nc brom.

Gii: Loi: A c H2S, C c NaOH, D c BaCl2 v CaO Cu B ng.

II. PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn ring (phn A hoc phn B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Dung dch cht no sau y lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu hng?
A. Axit -aminoglutaric
B. Axit , -iaminocaproic
C. Axit -aminopropionic
D. Axit aminoaxetic.
Gii: Axit -aminoglutaric: HOOC-CH2-CH-(NH2)-COOH c 2 nhm COOH > 1 nhm NH2
Cu 42: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo dung dch AgNO3, khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung
dch X (gm hai mui) v cht rn Y (gm hai kim loi). Hai mui trong X l:
A. Mg(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2
B. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3
C. Fe(NO3)3 v Mg(NO3)2
D. AgNO3 v Mg(NO3)2
Gii: Mui th ly theo dy in ho t trc v sau l: Mg2+, Fe2+.
Kim loi th ly theo dy in ho t sau ln trc: Ag, Fe.
Cu 43: Cho 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 2a mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)2 a mol/l. Sau khi phn ng kt
thc thu c 8,64 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl d vo X thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 11,48
B. 14,35
C. 17,22
D. 22,96
+
2+
3+
Gii: PTP:
Ag + Fe Ag + Fe
0.1a 0.1a 0.1a (mol)
Ag+d = 0.2a 0.1a = 0.1a mol = nAg = 0.08 mol nAgCl = 0.08*143.5 = 11.48 gam
Cu 44: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(a) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
(b) Na2S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2S
(c) 2AlCl3 + 3Na2S + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S + 6NaCl
(d) KHSO4 + KHS K2SO4 + H2S
(e) BaS + H2SO4 (long) BaSO4 + H2S
S phn ng c phng trnh ion rt gn S2- + 2H+ H2S l
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Gii: Loi: (a) v FeS, (c) c 2Al(OH)3, (e) c BaSO4, pt ion thu gn cu (d) l:
H+ + HS- H2S
Ch phng trnh ion (b) tho mn.
Cu 45: Ha hi 8,64 gam hn hp gm mt axit no, n chc, mch h X v mt axit no, a chc Y (c mch
cacbon h, khng phn nhnh) thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N2 (o trong cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). t chy hon ton 8,64 gam hn hp hai axit trn thu c 11,44 gam CO2. Phn trm khi
lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l
A. 72,22%
B. 65,15%
C. 27,78%
D. 35,25%
Gii: S mol 2 axit l: 2naxit = 0.1 mol, s mol CO2 nCO2 = 11.44/44 = 0.26 mol
S CTB = 0.26/0.1 = 2.6 C cht c s C < 2.6 l 1 hoc 2.
Khi lng trung bnh: M = 8.64/0.1 = 86.4
+ Th vi 2 axit c s C l 2 v 3, ta c h: dng ng cho n2C = 0.04, n3C = 0.06 (mol)
_Vi axit n l C2H5COOH, axit a l C2H4O2 mhh = 0.04*74 + 0.06*90 = 8.36 g ( ko tho )
_Vi axit n l C2H4O2 axit a l C2H4O2 mhh = 0.04*60 + 0.06*104 = 8.64 gam tho bi.
Cu 46: Hn hp X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi H2 l 7,5. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp Y
c t khi so vi H2 l 12,5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ha l
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 50%
D. 80%
Gii: Chn s mol hn hp X l nX = 1 mol. Dng PP ng cho nH2 = nC2H4 = 0.5 mol
AD bo ton khi lng ta c nt.Mt = ns.Ms ns*12.5*2 = 7.5*2 => ns = 0.6 mol
nkh gim = nH2 p = 1 0.6 = 0.4 mol H = 0.4/0.5*100% = 80%.
Cu 47: S amin bc mt c cng cng thc phn t C3H9N l
A. 4
B. 3
C. 1
D. 2
Gii: Amin no n, h bc 1 l: R-NH2. R c 2n-2 = 23-2 = 2 p l propan-1-amin v propan-2-amin.

Cu 48: t chy hon ton mt lng ancol X to ra 0,4 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O. X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2
to ra dung dch mu xanh lam. Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a cht Y. Nhn xt no sau y
ng vi X?
A. X lm mt mu nc brom
B. Trong X c hai nhm OH lin kt vi hai nguyn t cacbon bc hai.
C. Trong X c ba nhm CH3.
D. Hirat ha but-2-en thu c X.
Gii: Khi t chy: nH2O > nCO2 X l ancol no, mch h.
nX = 0.5 - 0.4 = 0.1 mol S C = 0.4/0.1 = 4 CTPT ca X l: C4H10Oz
X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch mu xanh lam X c nhiu nhm OH k nhau.
Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a cht Y X c cc nhm OH cng bc.
CTCT ca X l butan-2,3-iol Cu B ng.
Cu 49: Cho s chuyn ha sau:
(a) C3H4O2 + NaOH X + Y
(b) X + H2SO4 (long) Z + T
(c) Z + dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) E + Ag + NH4NO3
(d) Y + dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) F + Ag +NH4NO3
Cht E v cht F theo th t l:
A. (NH4)2CO3 v CH3COOH
B. HCOONH4 v CH3COONH4
C. (NH4)2CO3 v CH3COONH4
D. HCOONH4 v CH3CHO
Gii: HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag+ 2NH3+ H2O
CH3CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + 2H2O
Cu 50: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A. Crom l kim loi cng nht trong tt c cc kim loi
B. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha bi HNO3 c, ngui.
C. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi HCl theo cng t l s mol.
D. Vt dng lm bng nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v nc v c mng oxit bo v.
Gii: Al + HCl (t l 1:1.5), Cr + HCl (t l 1:1).
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng
A. SO3 v CrO3 u l oxit axit.
B. Al(OH) 3 v Cr(OH)3 u l hiroxit lng tnh v c tnh kh.
C. BaSO4 v BaCrO4 hu nh khng tan trong nc.
D. Fe(OH)2 v Cr(OH)2 u l baz v c tnh kh.
Gii: Al(OH) 3 v Cr(OH)3 u l hiroxit lng tnh nhng ch Cr(OH)3 c tnh kh.
Cu 52: Cho dy cc cht : cumen, stiren, isopren, xiclohexan, axetilen, benzen. S cht trong dy lm mt
mu dung dch brom l
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Gii: C 3 cht: stiren, isopren v axetilen.
Cu 53: Kh este no, n chc, mch h X bng LiAlH4, thu c ancol duy nht Y. t chy hon ton Y thu
c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H2O l
A. 24,8 gam
B. 28,4 gam
C. 16,8 gam
D. 18,6 gam
Gii: Kh X bng LiAlH4, thu c ancol duy nht S C trong axit v ancol ca X bng nhau.
t chy ancol Y: nH2O > nCO2 Ancol no, n, h: S C = 0.2/(0.3-0,2) =2 CTPT C2H5OH.
X l CH3COOC2H5 hay C4H8O2 nCO2 = nH2O = 0.1*4 = 0.4 mol m = 0.4*(44+18) = 24.8 gam
H 3O +
KCN
Y
Cu 54: Cho s chuyn ha : CH3Cl
X
t0
Cng thc cu to X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH3NH2, CH3COOH
B. CH3NH2, CH3COONH4
C. CH3CN, CH3COOH
D. CH3CN, CH3CHO
Gii: y l 1 trong nhng pp iu ch axit i t dn xut halogen.
Cu 55: Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 0,03 M v CH3COONa 0,01 M. Bit 250C, Ka ca CH3COOH l
1,75.10-5, b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 250C l
A. 6,28
B. 4,76
C. 4,28
D. 4,04

CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
B: 0.03
0.01
(M)
li:
x

x
x (M)
Cb: 0.03-x
0.01+x
x (M)
-5
2
-5
-5
Ta c: Ka = = 1.75*10 x + (0.01+1.75*10 )x 0.03*1.75*10 = 0

x = 5.2137*10-5 M
pH = -log(x) = 4.28
Cu 56: C cc cht sau : keo dn ure-fomanehit; t lapsan; t nilon-6,6; protein; si bng; amoniaxetat; nha
novolac. Trong cc cht trn, c bao nhiu cht m trong phn t ca chng c cha nhm NH-CO-?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
Gii: C 3 cht: keo dn ure-fomanehit; t nilon-6,6 v protein.
Cu 57: Cho cc pht biu sau
Kh CO2 gy ra hin tng hiu ng nh knh
Kh SO2 gy ra hin tng ma axit.
(c)
Khi c thi ra kh quyn, freon (ch yu l CFCl3 v CF2Cl2) ph hy tng ozon
(d)
Moocphin v cocain l cc cht ma ty
S pht biu ng l
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 1
Gii: C 4 pht biu u ng.
Cu 58: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Tt c cc cacbohirat u c phn ng thy phn.
(b) Thy phn hon ton tinh bt thu c glucoz.
(c) Glucoz, fructoz v mantoz u c phn ng trng bc.
(d) Glucoz lm mt mu nc brom.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 1
D. 2
Gii: Cc pht biu ng: (b), (c), (d).
Pht biu (a) sai: Cc monosaccarit nh glucozo, fructozo ko c phn ng thu phn.
Cu 59: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v FeS tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c nng d) thu c
V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y vo mt lng d dung
dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 38,08
B. 11,2
C. 24,64
D. 16,8
Gii: Quy i hn hp X gm: Cu, Fe v S.
Y tc dng vi BaCl2: nS = nBaSO4 = 46.6/233 = 0.2 mol
Y tc dng vi NH3: nFe = nFe(OH)3 = 10.7/107 = 0.1 mol
mCu = mX mFe mS =18.4 56*0.1 32*0.2 = 6.4 gam nCu = 0.1 mol
Bo ton electron ta c: 2*nCu + 3*nFe + 6*nS = nNO2 nNO2 = 1.7 mol V = 38.08 lt
0
0
0
Cu 60: Cho E pin ( Zn Cu ) = 1,10V ; EZn2+ / Zn = 0, 76V v E Ag + / Ag = +0,80V . Sut in ng chun ca pin in
ha Cu-Ag l
A. 0,56 V
B. 0,34 V
C. 0,46 V
D. 1,14 V
0
0
0
0
0
Gii: E pin(Zn-Cu) = E Cu E Zn =1.1 V
E Cu = 1.1 + E Zn = 1.1 0.76 = 0.34 V
E0pin(Cu-Ag) = E0Ag - E0Cu = 0.8 0.34 = 0.46
Gii:

CH3COONa CH3COO- + Na+

0.01 M 0.01 M

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