Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tnh hnh ng c thc phm trong c nc thi gian qua - Theo s liu t Cc an ton v sinh thc phm - B Y t, trong 5 nm (2001 - 2005) c nc xy ra gn 1.000 v vi hn 23.000 ngi b ng c thc phm, trong c hn 260 ngi cht. Nm 2005, xy ra 150 v vi hn 4.300 ngi b ng c thc phm, lm cht hn 50 ngi, t l t vong 2005 c xc nhn l tng 90% so vi nm 2004. - 6 thng u nm 2006, c nc c 69 v vi trn 2300 ngi b ng c thc phm, trong t vong 35 ngi, so vi cng k nm ngoi gim 14 v nhng li tng trn 500 ngi b ng c thc phm - Trong Thng hnh ng v v sinh an ton thc phm nm 2006, c nc xy ra 22 v ng c thc phm, vi 534 ngi mc, trong c 14 ngi t vong. S v ng c thc phm quy m trn 50 ngi l bn bn v vi tng s 265 ngi mc.
Tnh hnh ng c thc phm trong c nc thi gian qua Nguyn nhn chnh cc v ng c thc phm nm 2005 v 6 thng u nm 2006 l do thc phm khng an ton. Trong : -Ng c do vi sinh vt chim 51%, ho cht 8% v do thc phm c c 27%. - Mi y, Cc Th y H Ni v TP.HCM kho st thc phm ng vt trn 2 a bn v pht hin mu b nhim vi sinh vt H Ni l 81% v TP HCM l 32%.
- Coliform va coliform phan - Hnh que, Gram (-), khng to bo t - Ln men lactose v sinh hi - t0 pht trin: (-) 2 500C - pH: 4,4 9,0 - Nhim nc hoc thc phm nhim phn - Loi tiu biu: E.coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella Coliform phan
- Escherichia coli
- Hnh que, khng to bo t
- Gram (-), catalase (+), oxidase (-), - t0 pht trin: 7 500C, topt: 370C - pHopt : 7,0-7,5 - aw : 0.95 - Nhim t phn - Gy bnh ng rut, tiu chy nhiem khuan mau, viem mng
Escherichia coli
- Staphylococcus - Hnh cu, khng to bo t - Gram (+), - t0 opt: 370C, pHopt : 6 7 - CNaCl: 9 10% - Sng da ngi, ng h hp, tiu ha. - To mn nht, lm ng huyt tng - Gy bnh vim phi, vim mng no vim c tim, vim thn, ty xng - Cht c ch: hexaclorophen, tm gential - Cht tiu dit: clorit, neomycine, polymycine
-Ngun gy nhim: t nhng ngi b vim mi gy nn vim xoang, t cc ung nht, hoc cc vt thng b nhim trng, t da ngi tip xc vi ngi bnh. Staphylococci gy chng vim v b, lm nhim sa v cc sn phm t sa. Cc sn phm thc phm thng c Staphylococci : tht v cc sn phm t tht, c v cc sn phm t c, sa v cc sn phm t sa, salad, pudding, cream.
- Shigella - Trc khun gram(-) - Khng di ng, khng sinh bo t - K kh ty tin - Ch to acid t ng - t0 opt: 10 40oC, pHopt : 6 8 - Nhim vo c, qu, rau, tht, t nc hoc phn ngi - To c t, gy tiu chy, c ch hp thu ng v acid amin rut non, tiu ra mu c nim mc rut, mt nc, st cao c th gy t vong (bnh l trc khun).
- Salmonella - Trc khun gram (-), khng to bo t - C tin mao (tr S. gallinarum) - Kch thc t bo: 0,5 3 m - Vo c th t phn (ngi, ng vt lng v); t ngi bnh - t0 opt: 37 oC, pHopt : 4 9 - Gay tieu chay, oi ma, buon non, chng Sal. typhy, Sal. paratyphi gy st thng hn
- Yersinia Trc khun gram (-) C th chuyn ng. K kh ty tin Khng to bo t t0 opt: 25 32oC Nhim vo thc phm: tht, c, sa, phomt Khi mi nhim: nn ma, tiu chy; lu: ng mu, ni hch, h huyt p, ngi tr nn l , suy thn, suy tim
Yersina pestis
- Vibrio Phy khun. Phn ln thuc gram (-). Di ng nhanh Khng sinh nha bo Phn ng oxydase dng tnh. Hiu kh ty tin Vibrio parahemolyticus Vibrio cholerae
- Bacillus
Trc khuan G(+), sinh bao t, k kh tuy y tang trng trong khoang nhiet o t 5-50oC, toi u 35-400C. Xam nhap vao sa, tht, rau qua, hon hp gia v, san pham kho Tiet hai loai oc to chnh: diarrhoeal toxin gay tieu chay va
Bacillus cereus
- Clostridium Trc khun gram (+) Khng di ng Ym kh (k kh) To bo t. Bo t rt chu nhit. t0opt: 43 47oC, pH: 5 9 B c ch bi NaCl 5%, hoc NaNO3 2,5%
Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens: nhim vo tht gia cm. Gy au tht bng, tiu chy. - Clostridium botulinum: nhim vo hp, rau qu, tht, c, cc sn phm thu sn. Tit c t botulin gy hi chng botulism (ng c tht): i ma, bun nn, ri lon thn kinh, th gic, t lit, c th dn n t vong
Cc dng h hng ca tht: Ha nhy: giai on u ca qu trnh h hng tht. Cc vi khun thng thy lp nhy: Micrococcus albus, M. liquefaciens, M. aureus, M. candidus Streptococcus liquefaciens; E. coli Bact. alcaligenes, Bac. mycoides, Bac. mesentericus Pseudomonas Leuconostoc Lactobacillus, v mt s loi nm men.
Leuconostoc
Cc dng h hng ca tht: Ln men chua Cc vi khun thng thy: vi khun lactic mt s loi nm men. nm mc vi khun gy thi
Cc dng h hng ca tht: S thi ra Cc vi khun thng thy: Vi khun hiu kh: Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus megatherium, Vi khun k kh: Clostridium perfringens, Clost. putrificum, Clost. sporogens,
Cc dng h hng ca tht: S bin i sc t: tht chuyn t mu sang xm, nu hoc xanh lc Cc vi khun thng thy khi lp xng, xc xch i mu: Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc
Cc dng h hng ca tht: S pht sng: xut hin khi tht bo qun chung vi c Cc vi khun thng thy : Photobacterium
Cc dng h hng ca tht: S i: khi tht cha m Cc vi khun thng thy : Pseudomonas Achromobacter Pseudomonas
Cc dng h hng ca tht: S mc: pht trin trn b mt tht Cc nm mc thng thy : Mucor Penicillium Aspergillus
Cc dng h hng ca tht: S hnh thnh vt mu: ph thuc vo lai vi khun hiu kh Cc vi khun thng thy : Bacterium prodigiosum hoc Serratia marcerans: vt Pseudomonas pyocyanes: vt xanh Pseudomonas fluorescens: vt xanh lc Chromobacterium: xm nht, nu en Micrococcus: vt vng
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t tht: Tht mui: ph thuc vo lai vi khun hiu kh Cc vi khun thng thy : vi khun chu mn
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t tht: Tht bo qun lnh: p lnh v lnh ng Cc vi khun thng thy : Tht p lnh: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Aerobacterium, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Proteus Tht lnh ng: t thy
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t tht: Tht hp Cc vi khun thng thy : Bacillus subtilis Bacillus mesentericus Clostridium botulinum
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t tht: Xc xch, gi, lp xng Cc vi khun thng thy : Bacillus subtilis Bacillus mesentericus Bac. Mycoides E. coli Proteus vulgaris,
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t c: C p lnh Cc vi sinh vt thng thy : Pseudomonas fluorescens Bact. Putrifaciens Mucor stolonifer Mucor mucedo Aspergilus niger Penicilium glacum Rhizopus
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t c: C ng lnh Cc vi sinh vt thng thy : Sarcina Micrococcus aurantiacus, M. flavus, M.roseus Bac. subtilis, Bac. Mesentericus Pseudomonas E.coli Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t c: C mui : ph thuc vo hm lng mui Cc vi sinh vt thng thy : Serracia salinaria Torula wemeri Micrococcus rocus
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t c: C kh : ph thuc vo m Cc vi sinh vt thng thy : Vi khun : m 30% Nm mc: m 15%
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t c: C ngm cht bo qun : thnh phn vi sinh vt ph thuc vo hm lng cht bo qun Acid acetic Benzoat Acid salisilic Acid boric Hydroperoxyd Acid formic Cht khng sinh
Vi sinh vt trong 1 s sn phm t c: C hp Cc vi sinh vt thng thy : Bacillus subtilis Bacillus mesentericus Bacillus thermophylus Clostridium sporongenes Clostridium botulinum,
Vi sinh vt trn tm: S bin ca tm Do astaxanthin b tch ra v b oxy ha. Xy ra khi tm 8 12h sau khi nh bt ti nhit 30 40oC Cc vi sinh vt thng thy : Pseudomonas Lactobacillus Coryneformes
Vi sinh vt trn tm: S bin en ca tm : C th do 1 trong cc nguyn nhn sau Do vi khun ly nhim Do tyrozin b oxy ha Do phenylalanin b oxy ha
Vi sinh vt trn mc: S hnh thnh vt mu : Mu vng: Do Pseudomonas putida Mu : Do Serratiaa marcescens
Vi sinh vt trn ng vt nhuyn th: S thi ra: Salmonella, Vibrio S hnh thnh vt mu Mu hng: Do Rhodotorula Mu vng: Do oxy ha
Vi khun ln men chua: Streptococcus lactis Streptococcus cremoris Lactobacterium bulgaricum Lactobacterium lactis Lactobacterium casei Lactobacterium plantarun Lactobacterium helveticum Propionibacterium Nm men
Vi khun sinh hng: Streptococcus citrovorus Streptococcus paracitrovorus Streptococcus diacetilactis Lactobacterium lactis Leuconostoc citrovorum Nm mc
Vi khun gy h hng sa: Vi khun gy ng Streptococcus liquefaciens Trc khun ng rut Vi khun butiric Vi khun gy thi Hiu kh: Bacterium fluorescen, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Bacilus mesentericus. K kh: Bacillus putrificus, Bacillus botulinus
Vi khun gy h hng sa: Vi khun hai sinh Staphylococus Tetracoccus Bacillus megatherium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus sporogenes Nm men: Mycoderma Nm mc: Endomyces lactis, Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Oidium
Vi sinh vt trong syrup: Leuconostoc mesenteroides Bacillus subtilis Bacillus cereus Bacillus megatherium Bacillus mesentericus Micrococcus Flavobacterium Achromabacterium Escherichia
Vi sinh vt trong ng th: Vi khun: Bacillus Nm mc: Penicillium glaucum Aspergillus sydowi Aspergillus niger Aspergillus alaucus. Nm men: Saccharomyces Torula Monillia
Vi sinh vt trong ng ct trng: Bacillus stearothermophilus Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Clostridium nigrificans Bacillus subtilis Bacillus megatherium Bacillus cereus Leuconostoc Sarcina Aerobacter Pseudomonas
Bacillus
Vi sinh vt trong glucose: Trong nguyn liu: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mesentericus, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus mycoides Vi khun lactic khng in hnh Vi khun butiric Trong cng ngh: Bacillus subtilis Bacillus mesentericus Vi khun butiric E.coli
Lactobacillus
Vi sinh vt c li: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lactobacillus plantarum Lactobacillus brevis Lactobacillus fermentum
Saccharomyces
Vi sinh vt c hi: Vi khun: Bacillus Nm men: Trichosporon variabile Endomycopsis fibuligera Rhodotorula Nm mc: Penicillium islandicum to luteoskirin Aspergillus niger to alfatoxin
Aspergillus
Vi sinh vt gy h hng bnh m: Vi khun: Bacillus mesentericus Nm mc: Penicillium olivaceum Aspergillus niger Rhizopus nigricans
Penicillium
Vi sinh vt t nguyn liu Vi sinh vt gy h hng sn phm: Ko: t tn ti Mt: thng gp nm men, nm mc (Rhizopus, Mucor) Bnh kem: E.coli Bacillus coli Bacillus subtilis Bacillus mycoides Micrococcus,
Cc dng h hng H hng do nm mc Aspergillus niger : gy thi en rau qu ti, mc en hnh Penicillium : gy thi xanh rau qu ti, thi mc c chua, thi nhn qu ti. Fusarium: gy thi mc c rt, thi kh khoai ty Mucor: gy mc thi cn ty Rhizopus: gy nhn en rau ti
Cc dng h hng H hng do vi khun Pseudomonas nh P. fluorescens: gy thi nhn rau ti; P. cepacia gy thi hnh Corynebacterium : gy thi khoai ty theo vng Clostridium: gy phng hp, sinh c t. Bacillus : lm nhn, en, nht rau ngm dm. Lactobacillus, Acetobacter: lm chua nc p rau, nc p tri cy
Cc dng h hng H hng do nm men Candida Debariomyces Hanse Kloeckera Pichia Rhodotorula Saccharomyces Torulopis,