Harmonics Resonance

Harmonics Resonance is a phenomenon which can occur in apower system. It can cause system instability or damage to electrical components such as capacitors and transformers.Harmonic resonance occurs when the inductive reactance and the capacitive reactance of the power system become equal. However, as the order of the harmonics (frequency) increases, the inductive reactance increases while the capacitive reactancedecreases. At a particular frequency of harmonics, the inductive and capacitive reactances become equal and resonance sets in. Resonance can cause erratic conditions in the power systemssuch as transient high or low voltages, unexplained breakdown of equipment

such as failure of transformer windings or failure ofcapacitor. Transient voltages generated by such harmonics resonance can also result in unexpected operation of relays and breakers. The phenomenon of Harmonic Resonance should be borne in mind when modifying the system to add capacitors to improve thepower factor or when adding new inductive loads such as motors, reactors, or transformers to existing systems containingcapacitors. The formula to determine the order of harmonic which may cause resonance is

where MVAsc is the impedance of the source and MVARcap is the reactive power drawn by the capacitors.Thus when a 20MVAr capacitance is connected across a source of 1000 MVA, there will be a condition of resonance at the 7th Harmonic. The possibility of harmonic resonance should be explored and eliminated during any modification/addition of loads in the power system.

See also: Basics of Harmonics Current and Voltage Harmonics

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