Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang

Mch RLC c bin thin

MCH RLC C BIN THIN I. S BIN THIN CA P,UR UL, UC THEO . 1. Tm Pmax. Ta c: P = I 2.R . Vy Pmax khi I c gi tr ln nht. Khi trong mch xy ra cng hng. .L = Lc ta c: w 1 1 w= w .C LC

Khi Imax th in p gia hai u in tr R cng c gi tr ln nht v bng UAB. V vy ta k hiu

wR = 1 LC

l tn s gc ng vi gi tr cc i ca UR

2. Tm ULmax. C th dng o hm hoc dng tnh cht ca tam thc bc hai gii bi ton. trong nhiu cc ti liu khc, cc tc gi a ra cch gii quyt vn ny. y, ti khng a ra na m ch a ra kt qu cui cng vi mc ch dng vn dng, gii cc bi tp trc nghim. Nu t
X= L R2 C 2

th tn s gc ULmax c tnh theo cng thc:

wL =

1 X.C

V khi , in p cc i ca cun cm c tnh theo cng thc: U L max = 3. Tm UCmax. Tn s gc UCmax c tnh theo cng thc: wC = X L

2.U.L R. 4LC - R 2.C2

V khi in p cc i ca t c tnh theo cng cng thc ca ULmax.

UCm = ULm = a x a x 2 . U . L
2 R. 4 LC -R . C 2

Lu : L R2 phi dng, ngha C 2 l phi c: 2L > C.R 2 . V khi ta c th chng minh c: wC < wR < w L . Ngha l, khi tng dn tc gc t 0 n th in p trn cc linh kin s ln lt t cc i theo th t: C, R, L. iu kin UL, UC c cc tr l biu thc trong cn ca X =

V nu ly tch ca C v L th ta s c cng thc sau:

2 wC .wL = w R

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang

Mch RLC c bin thin

Kho st k hn so snh UCmax, ULmax v U th ta c: UCmax = ULmax > U. Nu v chung th ca UR, UL , UC trn cng mt h trc to vi trc honh l trc gi tr th ta c hnh v sau:

U Mch c tnh dung khng Mch c tnh cm khng

UAB

Vi nhng gi tr ca < R th UC > UL, mch khi c tnh dung khng. Vi nhng gi tr ca > R th UL > UC mch c tnh cm khng

II. Nhng lu khc.

1. Khi UC cc i: Ta c: ZL 2 L R R2 2 X =w .L = ZL Hay: Z = R Z = Z .Z L L L C CO 2 2 R2 = ZL .( ZC - ZL ) 2 ZL ZC - ZL 1 . = R R 2 ZL R = tan a 1 1 2
2 2

Suy ra: hnh v bn:

Z ZC - ZL R

ZC- ZL = tan a2

a2

Vy ta c: tan a 1.tan a 2 =

Cng t hnh v ta c: Z2 = ( ZC - ZL ) + R 2 Z2 = ( ZC - ZL ) + 2ZL .( ZC - ZL ) Bin i h thc trn ta c: 2. Khi UL cc i: Tng t nh trn ta c cc cng thc sau: Z2 = Z2 + Z2 C L

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang R 2 = 2.ZC .( ZL - ZC ) tan a 1.tan a 2 =

2 Z2 = Z2 + ZC L

Mch RLC c bin thin

1 2 ZL- ZC

1 3. ng vi hai gi tr caZ tho mn cng thc w .w = 1 2 LC .L = Khi , ta c: w 1 1 1 V w2.L = . w2.CR w .C 1

Oth ZL v ZC i gi tr cho nhau. H qu ca iu ny l: Ngha l khi ZC gi tr - Tng tr ca mch c cng mt Cng dng in hiu dng qua mch c cng mt gi tr. in p trn cun cm v trn t i gi tr cho nhau: U C1 = U L 2 (v I bng nhau, nhng ZL v ZC i gi tr cho nhau) Cng sut tiu th trn mch c cng mt gi tr. in p hiu dng U R trn R c cng mt gi tr. H s cng sut cosj = UR U ca mch c cng mt gi tr.

a2

UAB

0
2 4. S ph thuc ca UL, UC vo w c biu din bng cc th sau.

VN CN KHO ST

Dng th

Cng thc

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang

Mch RLC c bin thin

UL
Kho st UL theo 2 - Khi 2 = 0 th ZC = , I = 0 v UL = 0
2 - Khi 2 = wL th ULmax

1 1 2 + 2 = 2 2 1 2 L

U AB 0

- Khi 2 = th ZL = = ZAB, UL = UAB

2 w 21 w L *
UC
Kho st UC theo 2

- Khi 2 = 0 th ZC = = ZAB, v UC = UAB

2 - Khi 2 = w th UCmax C

UAB
2 2 1 + 2 2 = 2C

- Khi 2 = th ZL = , I = 0, UC = 0

2 th ca UL ct ng nm ngang UAB ti hai gi tr wL* v .Theo cng thc trong

w 1 1 2 + = 2 . Suy ra: wL* = L . Ngha l, gi tr ca UL = UAB nh hn gi tr 2 wL* wL 2 ca ULmax 2 ln. bng ta c:

2 th ca Uc ct ng nm ngang UAB ti hai gi tr ca l 0 v wC* . p dng cng

2 thc trong bng trn ta tnh c: w2 = 2w w =w . 2 . Ngha l, gi tr ca UC = UAB C* C C* C

ln hn gi tr ca UC cc i

2 ln.

ZL O
R

MT S BI TP VN DNG.
ZC- t ZL vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay Bi 1. Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC Z c CR2 < 2L. chiu c biu thc u = U. 2 cos( t) , trong U khng i, bin thin. iu chnh gi tr ca in p hiu dng gia hai bn t t cc i. Khi UL = 0,1UR. Tnh h s cng sut ca mch khi .

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a2

Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang A.

1

Mch RLC c bin thin

17 2 C. 13

B.

26 3 D. 7

Gii:
Ta c: tan a 1 = UL UR =0 ,1 tan a2 = 0 ,5 =5 tan a1 1 1 = 2 1+ tan a 2 26

H s cng sut ca mch l : cosa 2 =

Bi 2. Cho mch in AB gm in tr thun R, cun thun cm L v t C ni tip vi nhau theo th t trn., v c CR2 < 2L. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = U. 2 cos( t) , trong U khng i, bin thin. iu chnh gi tr ca in p hiu dng gia hai bn t t cc i. Khi UC max = A.
2 7 5U . Gi M l im ni gia L v C. H s cng sut ca on mch AM l: 4 1 1 5 B. C. D. 3 3 6

Gii:
Ta c: U C max =
5U 5Z ZC = . 4 4

Khng lm nh hng n kt qu bi ton, c th gi s ZC = 5, Z = 4. Khi : ZL = 52 - 42 = 3W R = 2.ZL .( ZC - ZL ) = 2.3.( 5 - 3) = 2 3 W . Suy ra: ZAM = H s cng sut ca on mch AM cosa 1 = R 2 3 2 = = ZAM 21 7 R 2 + Z2 = 12 + 9 = 21 L

Bi 3. Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC c CR2 < 2L. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = U. 2 cos( t) , trong U khng i, bin thin. iu chnh gi tr ca in p hiu dng gia hai u ca cun cm t cc i. Khi U L max = . A. 0,6 B. 0,8 C. 0,49 Z ZL- D. ZC 3
11 41U . Tnh h s cng sut ca mch khi 40

Gii:
Tng t trn, c th gi s: Z = 40, ZL = R 41. O 2 2 Khi : ZC = 41 - 40 = 9W

ZC

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a2

Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang R = 2.ZC .( ZL - ZC ) = 2.9.( 41- 9) = 24W H s cng sut ca mch khi : cosj = R 24 = =0 ,6 Z 40

Mch RLC c bin thin

Bi 4. Cho mch in AB gm in tr thun R, cun thun cm L v t C ni tip vi nhau theo th t trn., v c CR2 < 2L. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = U. 2 cos( t) , trong U khng i, bin thin. iu chnh gi tr ca in p hiu dng gia hai bn t t cc i. Gi M l im ni gia cun cm v t. Ngi ta dng vn k V1 theo di gi tr ca UAM, vn k V2 theo di gi tr ca UMN gi tr ln nht m V2 ch l 90V. Khi V2 ch gi tr ln nht th V1 ch gi tr 30 5 V. Tnh U. A. 70,1V. B. 60 3 V C. 60 5 D. 60 2 V

Gii:
Bn gin vc t, ta c: x y = 902 - 30 5 x = 90 y = 30V U = 902 - x2 = 902 - 302 = 60 2V U Lu : Nu cn tnh UR khi th ta c: U R = v = 2.x.y = 2.60.30 = 60V H s cng sut ca mch khi l: UR U = 1 2 y

= 60V O

v 90V

a2

Cu 4. Cho mch in RLC mc ni tip, trong RC2 < 2L. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu u = U 2 cos 2ft, trong ng U c gi tr khng i, f c th thay i c. Khi f = f1 th in p hiu dng trn t c gi tr cc i, mch tiu th cng sut bng
3 cng sut cc i. Khi tn s ca dng 4

in l f2 = f1 + 100Hz th in p hiu dng trn cun cm c gi tr cc i. a. Tnh tn s ca dng in khi in p hiu dng ca t cc i. A. 125Hz B. 75 5 Hz C. 50 15 Hz A.
3 2

D. 75 2 Hz.
2 5

b. Tnh h s cng sut ca mch khi in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm cc i. B.
1 3

C.

5 7

D.

Gii:
2 2 2 a. Hai tn s f1 v f2 tho mn cng thc: f1 .f2 = fR . Vy tn s ca dng in in p hiu dng

trn in tr t cc i l: fR = f1.f2 (*)

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang

Mch RLC c bin thin

Khi iu chnh f cng sut tiu th trn mch cc i th trong mch xy ra cng hng. H U2 s cng sut khi bng 1. V cng sut tiu th ca mch c tnh bng biu thc: Pmax = R Trong cc trng hp khc th cng sut ca mch c tnh bng biu thc: U2 U2 R 2 U2 2 2 2 P = I .R = 2 .R = . 2 = .cos j = Pmax .cos j R Z R Z ng vi tn s f1, cng sut tiu th trn mch bng Ucmax l 3 Pmax. Vy ta suy ra h s cng sut khi 4

3 3 ( trn hnh v, h s cng sut ca mch khi ny c gi tr bng cosa 1 . = 4 2 3 , z = 2. Khi ta suy ra y = 1.

Khng lm nh hng n kt qu, c th gi s v =

v2 3 = =1 ,5 Theo cng thc ca phn l thuyt trn th ta c: x = 2.y 2 Theo t l trn hnh v th khi tn s dng in l f1 th t s gia dung khng v cm khng ca Z x+y 2 ,5 5 = = mch l : C1 = ZL1 x 1 ,5 3 V khi tn s ca dng in tng t f1 n f2 th x in p ca t v ca cun cm i gi tr cho nhau, nn cm khng v dung khng trong mch cng i gi tr cho nhau. Nn tn s f2 th ta c: ZL 2 Z f 5 5 = . Hay L 2 = 2 = ZC2 3 ZL1 f1 3 v O y Mt khc: f2 = f1 + 100 (Hz) Z Gii h phng trnh ta suy ra: f1 = 150Hz, f2 = 250Hz Thay hai gi tr f1 v f2 trn vo(*) ta c: fR = 150.250 = 50. 15Hz b. H s cng sut ca mch khi in p gia hai u cun cm t cc i cng bng h s cng sut

X V1

Y V2

Z V3 V
3

ca mch khi in p gia hai u t in t cc i v bng Bi 5. Dng d kin sau tr li cc cu hi:

3 2

Cho mch in nh hnh v. C ba linh kin : in tr, t, cun thun cm c ng trong ba hp kn, mi hp cha mt linh kin, v mc ni tip vi nhau. Trong : RC2 < 2L. Nm hc 2012 - 2013

a2

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang

Mch RLC c bin thin

t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = U. 2 .cos t, trong U khng i, c th thay i c. Tng dn gi tr ca t 0 n v theo di s ch ca cc vn k v am pe k, ri ghi li gi tr cc i ca cc dng c o th thy gi tr cc i ca V1 l 170V, ca V2 l 150V, ca V3 l 170V, ca A l 1A. Theo trnh t thi gian th thy V3 c s ch cc i u tin. a Theo th t t tri sang phi l cc linh kin: A. R, L, C B. L, R, C C. R, C, L b. Theo trnh t thi gian, cc dng c o c s ch cc i ln lt l: A. V3, V2, A, V1 B. V3, sau V2 v A ng thi, cui cng l V1 C. V3 sau l V1, cui cng l V2 v A ng thi. D. V3 v V1 ng thi, sau l V2 v A ng thi. c. Tnh cng sut tiu th trong mch khi V1 c s ch ln nht. A. 150W B. 170W C. 126W Gii: a. Khi tng dn t 0 n th UC t cc i u tin. Theo , V3 c s ch cc i u tin. Vy Z l hp cha t. Do U L max = UC max . M s ch cc i ca V1 v V3 bng nhau. Nn ta suy ra X l hp cha cun cm. Cui cng, Y l hp cha in tr thun. Vy theo th t t tri sang phi l cc linh kin: L, R, C. Chn p n B. b. Khi I t cc i th UR cng t cc i nn A v V2 ng thi c s ch cc i. Theo trnh t thi gian, cc dng c o c s ch cc i ln lt l: V3 , sau V2 v A ng thi, cui cng l V1. Chn B. c. V2 c s ch cc i U R max = U AB . Vy ta c UAB = 150V. Khi V2 (v ng thi A) c s ch cc i th cng sut tiu th trn mch ln nht v bng: Pmax = U.I max = 150.1 = 150W Khi V1 c s ch cc i th ta c gin vc t nh hnh bn: Ta c: U C = 1702 - 1502 = 80V U R = 2.80.(170 - 80) = 120V 150V Z 120 H s cng sut ca mch l cosj = cosa 2 = =0 ,8 150170V D. 96W D. C, R, L

Cng sut tiu th ca mch khi l: UR U2 2 2 2 P= .cos j = Pmax .cos j O = 150.0 ,8 = 96W R UC Cu 6. Cho mch in RLC mc ni tip, trong RC2 < 2L. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu u = U 2 cos 2ft, trong ng U c gi tr khng i, f c th thay i c. Khi f = f1 th in p hiu dng trn t c gi tr bng U, mch tiu th cng sut bng
3 cng sut cc i. Khi tn s ca dng 4

in l f2 = f1 + 100Hz th in p hiu dng trn cun cm c gi tr bng U. a. Tnh tn s ca dng in khi in p hiu dng ca t cc i. A. 50Hz B. 75Hz C. 50 2 Hz D. 75 2 Hz.

a2

b. Tnh h s cng sut ca mch khi in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm cc i.

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang A.

6 7

Mch RLC c bin thin

5 7

B.

1 3

C.

D.

2 5

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang Gii:

Mch RLC c bin thin M

2

UL 3 3 UR khi c Theo , khi f = f1 th UC = U v c cos2 j = cosj = . Gin vc t ca mch UC O 4 2 dng nh hnh v: trn hnh v: ta c = 300, = 600, OB = MB. Suy ra tam gic OMB l tam gic u. U Vy UC = 2UL.
AB

a. Cng sut tiu th ca on mch c tnh bng cng thc: P = Pmax .cos j

Suy ra:

1 = 2pf1L 2pf1C

c:

M ng vi hai tn s f1 v f2 th UL v UC i gi tr cho nhau nn ZL v ZC cng i gi tr 2 cho nhau, ta ZL2 = ZC1 = 2ZL1. Suy ra f2 = 2f1. Mt khc, f2 = f1 + 100 Hz Suy ra: f1 = 100Hz, f2 = 200Hz. Tn s ca dng in khi UC = U gp f1 2 100 2 O 2 H

1 2 ln tn s ca dng in khi Ucmax. Vy khi Ucmax th tn s

ca dng in l: fC =

= 50 2 Hz

b. ng vi tn s f2, UL = U, gin vc t ca mch nh hnh v: Khng lm nh hng n kt qu, c th gi s: ZL = ZAB = 2 . Khi , ZC = 1 , R = 3 . M

ng vi tn s fL = f2. 2 th in p trn t t gi tr cc i. Lc , cm khng ca mch tng ln 2 ln, dung khng ca mch gim i 2 ln. Gin vc t nh hnh v c. Trn gin ny, ta c: OH = Suy ra: MO = 9 15 = 2 2 3 , HM = 2 2 1 2 = 3 2 O H 2

3+

H s cng sut ca mch khi l: cosj = OH 3 6 2 = = = MO 15 5 15 2 L M N C B

R A

Bi 7. Cho mch in nh hnh v: t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = U0cos t (V) trong , U0 c gi tr khng i, c th thay i c. iu chnh in p hiu dng trn t c gi tr cc i, khi uAN lch pha gc 71,570 (tan 71,570 =3) so vi uAB, cng sut tiu th ca mch khi l 200W. Hi khi iu chnh cng sut tiu th ca mch t cc i th gi tr cc i bng bao nhiu? Bit rng h s cng sut ca on mch AN ln hn h s cng sut ca on mch AB. Gii: Khi UC t cc i th gin vc t ca mch nh hnh v.

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Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang Ta c: tan( a 1 + a 2) =

Mch RLC c bin thin

tana 1 + tana 2 = tan71 ,570 = 3 (1) ZRL a 1- tana 1.tan 2 x tan a .tan a = 0 ,5 Mt khc, ta c: (2) 1 2 O V v h s cng sut ca on mch AN ln hn h s cng sut ca on mch AB nn ta c: v a1 < a2 (3) ZC 1 T (1),(2),(3) ta suy ra: tana 1 = , tana 2 = 1 2 H s cng sut ca on mch AB l cosj = cosa 2 = cosp = 2 y Z 4 2 Cng sut tiu th ca on mch c tnh bi cng thc: 1 P = Pmax.cos2 j = Pmax . 2 Theo th P = 200W. Suy ra Pmax = 400W. Bi 8. Cho mch in nh hnh v: R L

a2
C

t vo hai u on mch in p xoay N M A B chiu c biu thc u = U0cos t (V) trong , U0 c gi tr khng i, c th thay i c. iu chnh in p hiu dng trn t c gi tr cc i, khi uAN lch pha gc so vi uAB. Tm gi tr nh nht ca . Gii: Khi UC t cc i th gin vc t ca mch nh hnh v. ,5 Ta c: tana 1.tana 2 = 0 tana = tan( a 1 + a 2) = tana 1 + tana 2 1- tana 1.tana 2 = tana1 + tana2 1- 0 ,5 = 2.( tana1 + tana2 )

V 1, 2 l nhng gc nhn, nn tan ca chng l nhng s dng. ZRL Theo bt ng thc Cosi ta c: x O 1 tana 1 + tana 2 2. tana1.tana2 v= 2. = 2 2 Vy thay vo biu thc trn ta c: tana 2 2 a 70 ,530 Vy khi UC t gi tr cc i th uRL sm pha hn uAB mt gc ti thiu bng 70,530. y Z

a2

Bi 9. Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC ni L R C tip, trong L l cun thun cm, RC2 > 2L. N M t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu A B u = U .cos w t + j V c biu thc ( )( ) trong 0 U0 khng i, cn c th thay i c. Ban u tn s gc ca dng in l , h s cng sut ca on Nm hc 2012 - 2013 Trang 11

Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang

Mch RLC c bin thin

mch MB bng 0,6. Khi tng tn s ca dng in ln gp i th in p gia hai u cun cm t cc i. Hi t gi tr , phi thay i tn s ca dng in th no : a. Cng sut tiu th trn on mch t cc i. b. in p hiu dng trn t t cc i.

Gii:
a. Khi tn s gc l , h s cng sut ca on MB l 0,6. Khng lm nh hng n kt qu c th gi s khi : R = 6, ZMB = 10. Suy ra ZC = 8.
' W , in p Khi tng tn s ca dng in ln gp i (n = 2) th dung khng ca mch l ZC = 4 hiu dng trn cun cm t cc i. Lc gin vc t ca mch nh hnh v. 2 Q R2 6 = =4 ,5 W Ta c: x = 2.ZC 2.4 ' ,5 = 8 ,5 W Cm khng ca mch khi ny l : ZL = 4+ 4

T l gia cm khng v dung khng ca mch l: Z'L Z

' C

6 O H Khi iu chnh cng sut tiu th ca mch t gi tr cc i th trong mch xy ra cng hng. Lc 4 t s gia cm khng v dung khng ca mch l: ZRC Z'' L Z
" C " " "2 =w L.w C=w .LC = 1

= 2w L.2wC = 4w2.LC =

8 ,5 17 = 4 8

(1)

(2) 2w 17 32 " = w =w . " 8 17 w 32 ln. 17

Chia hai v ca (1) cho (2) ta c:

Vy t tn s gc , mun cho cng sut ca mch t cc i th phi tng tn s gc ln b. Gi l tn s gc khi in p trn t t cc i. Ta c: 32 w 16 "' 17 = w w = ' = . 2.w 17 w
"2

w2.

Vy t gi tr tn s gc , mun cho in p hiu dng trn t t cc i th phi gim tn s gc 16 w xung n gi tr w ( tc l gim bt i mt lng ) . 17 17

Bi 10. Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, trong cun L dy c in tr thun r. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay C ,r chiu c biu thc u = U0cos t (V), trong U0 khng thay i, c th thay i c. iu chnh gi tr ca in p hiu M A dng ca on MB t cc i th gi tr cc i ng bng U0, cng sut tiu th ca on mch khi l 182W, in p hiu dng ca on AM khi l 135,2V. a. Tnh r. Nm hc 2012 - 2013 Trang 12

Nguyn Vn t, THPT Lng Giang 1, Bc Giang b. Tnh U0.

Mch RLC c bin thin

Gii:
a. iu chnh Ucmax th gin vc t ca mch nh hnh v: U Ta c: x = U2 - U2 = 2U2 - U2rL= U 0 x y = U0 - x = U

2 - O1

) )

v = 2xy = 2U.U

U0 2 - 1 = U. 2 2 - 2 (*)

in p hiu dng ca on AM l: U 2 - 2 =yU 2 2 - 1 =135,2 (V) UrL = x + v = U + U 2

2 2 2 2

a2

Suy ra: U = 100(V). Thay vo (*) suy ra v = 91(V) Ta c: P =

2 v2 91 = = 182 r = 45 ,5 W r r

b. Gi tr ca U0 U0 = U. 2 = 100 2( V)

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