Chng I: Gii thiu chung v LPG

1.1 Khi nim v LPG : LPG l tn vit tt ca kh du m ha lng ( Liquefied Petrolium Gas ).LPG l sn phm thu c t qu trnh khai thc du m (kh ng hnh ), hoc t cc m kh thin nhin bao gm cc loi hydrocacbon khc nhau, thnh phn ch yu l propan, butan hoc hn hp ca chng. Ha lng kh du m l qu trnh tch n gin, vn u t t hn so vi cc qu trnh tch trit . Thng thng ngi ta ch tch ring metan thun cao lm nguyn liu sn xut methanol, cn metan ln etan lam kh t cng nghip, gia dng, pht in hoc cho xut khu theo ng ng dn kh, hoc tch metan, etan cho sn xut ammoniac, ure, cn phn ha lng l LPG. Hin nay trn th gii LPG c s dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh : giao thong vn ti , cng nghip, nng nghip, ch bin thc phmv tr thnh loi nhin liu khng th thiu c i vi mi quc giai, c bit vi cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin.LPG c sn xut mnh nhng nc c tim lc ln v du m nh: My, Nga, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Angieri, rp x t, Nauy, Iran 1.2 Thnh phn ca LPG: Thnh phn ch yu ca LPG l cc hydrocacbon dng parafine c cng thc chung l CnH2n+2.LPG l hn hp nht nh ca cc hydrocacbon nh: Propan (C3H8), propylene (C3H6), Butan (C4H10), Butylen (C4H8). Tuy nhin, vn c kh nng xut hin vt ca etan, etylen hoc pentan trong LPG thng mi. Butadien 1,3 c th xut hin nhng khng t ti t l o c. Ngoi ra cn c cht to mi Etyl mecaptan (RSH) vi t l pha trn nht nh khi r r kh c th nhn bit bng khu gic. Sn phm LPG cng c th c cc hydrocacbon dng olefin hay khng c olefin ph thuc vo phng php ch bin. 1.3 Mt s tnh cht l ha c trng ca LPG: Bng 1.1 Tnh cht ca LPG

Tnh cht im si 760mmHg Nhit bc chy T trng so vi khng kh Khi lng ring Nhit dung ring n nhit bay hi p sut hi ti 15oC 20oC 25oC Nhit tr ton phn Nhit tr ti thiu

n v o oC oC Kg/m3 KJ/kgoC KJ/kg Bar

Propan -42 n -45 520 1,4-1,52 1,83 2,512 358,2 6,5 9 19,6 12000 11000

Butan -0,5 n -0,2 500 1,9-2,01 2,46 2,386 372,2 0,8 2,75 7 11800 11900

Kcal/kg Kcal/kg

T l th tch kh Lt/lt 275 235 Gii hn chy n %V 2 1,8 di i vi khng kh Nhit chy vi oC 1967 1973 khng kh Nhit chy vi oxy oC 2900 2904 Lng khng kh cn m3 25 t chy 1m3 kh T bng trn ta thy rng th lng cng nh th khisButan u nng hn Propan nhng cng vi mt trng lng th Propan to ra th kh ln hn so vi butan. 1.3.1 H s dn n: H s dn n khi ca LPG l lng th tch tng ln khi nhit cu vt cht tng ln 1oC S dn n ca LPG rt ln ( gp 15-20 ln so vi nc v ln hn nhiu so vi cc sn phm du m khc). Do , cc bn cha, bnh cha LPG ch c cha n 8085% dung tch ton phn c khng gian cho LPG dn n khi nhit tng ln. 1.3.2 Nhu cu khng kh khi t chy : Khi t chy hon ton mt th tch LPG i hi khng kh ln gp 23 ln i vi propan v 33 ln i vi butan. ng thi phn ng sinh ra lng CO2 gp t 3-4 ln th tch kh t. iu ny rt quan trng v lng trc kh nng thiu oxy bo ha CO2 t ngt trc khi t LPGtrong khng kh. 1.3.3 n nhit bay hi: n nhit ca cht lng l lng nhit cn hp th bay hi hon ton mt n v khi lng cht lng . iu ny ng vi c kh ha lng v ng vi c nc, nu khng c nhit cung cp bn ngoi th cht lng khng bay hi c. Khi cht lng lnh dn xung th s bay hi c th chm laiij hoc dng hn. Nh vy LPG lng ng trong bnh kn c mt lng kh thot ra t bnh cha tng ng vi lng hi nc to ra do s cung cp nhit iu kin p sut kh quyn. 1.3.4 T trng :

T trng th lng : iu kin 15oC, 760mmHg, t trng ca propan l 0,51 ; cn ca butan l 0,57. Propan v butan nh hn nc nn n ni ln trn mt nc. T trng th hi : iu kin 15oC, 760 mmHg, t trng ca propan hi bng 1,52 v butan hi bng 2,01,Nh vy, th hi t trng ca LPG gp gn 2 ln t trng ca khng kh. Do vy khi LPG r r, kh thot ra nng hn so vi khng kh s lan truyn di mt t ni trng nh rnh nc, h gas m bo an ton khi c r r cn to iu kin thong thong phn di khng gian s dng hoc cha LPG. 1.3.5 p sut hi bo ha: LPG c p sut hi bo ha cao hn p sut kh quyn, nn iu kin bnh thng nhit v p sut kh quyn ) LPG tn ti dng hi. Trong iu kin nht nh

v nhit v p sut, LPG s chuyn sang dng lng v c th tch nh hn rt nhiu ln so vi dng hi, iu ny thun li cho vic tn tr v vn chuyn. LPG cha trong bnh kn c th lm tng p sut ca bnh do tnh cht bay hi ca n. Nhit mi trng qu thp c th lm gim p sut hi di mc p sut kh quyn. p sut hi bo ha ca LPG ph thuc vo nhit bn ngoi ca thit b v t l thnh phn Butan/propan. LPG vi 70 % butan v 30% propan c p sut hi bo ho l 6kg/cm2. cng iu kin nhit , khi thay i thnh phn hn hp, p sut hi bo ha cng thay i. 1.3.6 Gii hn chy n: Hn hp hi nhin liu vi khng kh c th chy n khi gp la. Hn hp ch chy n khi n nm trong gii hn no v nhit , p sut v thnh phn. Vng chy n c gii hn trn v gii hn di v nng .Gii hn di ng vi nng nhin liu ti thiu trong hn hp m hn hp chy khi gp la. Gii hn trn ng vi nng cc i ca nhin liu nhin liu chy khi gp la.Nu qu gii hn trn hn hp khng chy n v thiu oxy, cn thp hn gii hn di hn hp qu ngho nhin liu phn ng chy khng xy ra c. Gii hn chy n c th hin bng sau: Bng 1.2 Gii hn chy n ca LPG : Thnh phn Propan thng phm Butan thng phm Gii hn di( %V) 2,2 1,8 Gii hn trn( % V) 10,0 9,0

i vi LPG t chy v pht n nu c trn ln vi khng kh theo t ln LPG/khng kh :5-15 % tng ng vi LPG/Oxy ; 0,25-0,75. 1.3.7 Nhit chy: Hn hp LPG/khng kh chy sinh ra mt lng nhit rt ln v tng i sch khng li tp cht. Bng 1.3 Nhit chy v nhit tr ca LPG Sn phm Nhit chy ln nht ca LPG/khng kh (oC) 1967 2050 1973 2033 11800 10900 Nhit tr LPG( kcal/kg) Ln nht Nh nht

C3H8 C3H6 C4H10 C4H8 1.3.8 Nhit t bt chy:

220000

11000

Nhit t bt chy l nhit m ti phn ng chy t xy ra i vi hn hp khng kh, nhin liu ( hoc oxy/nhin liu ).Nhit t bt chy ti thiu ph thuc vo thit b th, t l khng kh/ nhin liu, p sut hn hp. Bng 1.4 Nhit t bt chy ca mt s loi nhin liu taiij p sut kh quyn STT Nhin liu Nhit chy ti thiu(oC) Trong khng kh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Propan Butan Acetylene Hydro Du DO Xng Du ha Metan 400-580 410550 305-500 550-590 250-340 280-430 >250 630-750 Trong oxy 470-575 280-550 295-440 560 >240 >240 >240

1.4 Cc ng dng quan trng ca LPG: Thnh phn ch yu ca LPG l propan v butan, c sn xut bng cch nn kh ng hnh hoc kh t cc qu trnh ch bin du m cc nh my lc du. Vic ng dng LPG thng phm thng phn chia thnh cc loi chnh: -Propan thng phm:lm nhin liu cho ng c hot ng nhng iu kin khc nghit ca mi trng ( p sut cao, nhit thp ) -Butan thng phm: S dng lm nhin liu i hi s bay hi trung bnh. -Propan chuyn dung: l sn phm c cht lng cao s dng trong cc ng c t trong, i hi nhin liu c kh nng chng kch n cao. -Hn hp propan-butan: s dng lm nhin liu di hi s bay hi trung bnh. Hn hp propan-butan l thch hp cho vic ch bin thnh sn phm kh t dn dng v chng c p sut hi bo ha v nhit bay hi thch hp trong iu kin sinh hot c th. LPG c nhit chy cao mc d t trng butan ln hn t trng propan nhng nhit tr tng t nhau nm trong khong 11300-12000Kcal/kg; tng ng nhit tr ca 1,5-2 kg than ci; 1,3 lt du mazut; 1,35 lt xng. Vi nhng c tnh trn, LPG c s dng rt rng ri trong mi lnh vc ca i sng. Mt cch tng i c th phn chia cc ng dng ca LPG nh sau: -S dng LPG trong dn dng: S dng trong nu nng, thay th in trong cc bnh nc nng, ng dng trong cc h thng si m nh, chiu sang, git l.

-ng dng LPG trong thng mi: s dng trong cc bp cng nghip, l nng, un nng nc trong cc nh hang, trong cng nghip ch bin thc phm. -S dng LPG trong cng nghip :s dng trong cng nghip gia cng kim loi, hn ct thp, nu v gia cng thy tinh, l nung sn phm silicat, kh trng hp, l t rc, sy mng sn -S dng LPG trong nng nghip : s dng sn xut thc n gia sc, ch bin, sy nng sn, ng cc, thuc l, sy ch,caf, l p trng, t c -S dng LPG trong giao thng : l nhin liu l tng thay th cho ng c t trong v tr s octan cao, gi thnh r,t gy nhim cho mi trng, n gin ha cu to ng c.N lm gim ng k s thot kh ng c xe ti, lm nhin lieu cho ng c t trong thay xng cho cc xe du lch, xe taxi. mt s nc tin tin dung LPG ha lng thay xng pha ch va hn ch c hi trong s dng i vi con ngi va kinh t. -S dng LPG trong cng nghip ha du: LPG c s dng trong tiinh ch v trong cng nghip ha du. Trong tinh ch, butan dung sn xut du nhn,n-butan thm vo tng tnh bay hi v ch s octan ca nhin liu. Mt trong nhng ng dng quan trng khc ca LPG l s dng lm nguyn liu ha hc to ra nhng polyme trung gian nh: polyetylen, polyvinyl clorua, polypropylen v mt s cht khc. c bit sn xut MTBE l cht lm tng tr s octan thay th cho hp cht pha ch trong xng pht trin trong mt s nm gn y. -S dung LPG cho nh my pht in : dung LPG chy cc tuabin sn xut in phc v cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc em li hiu qu kinh t cao v vn u t xy dng ban u i vi cng ngh ny thp hn nhiu so vi cng nghip thy in v nhit in. 1.5 nh hng ca cc tnh cht n vic tng cha v vn chuyn LPG: LPG c p sut hi bo ha ln hn 40 psi (2,7atm) ti 100oF, nhit bnh thng 25oC,p sut 1bar th LPG tn ti dng kh, chng c th ha lng bng cch lm lnh di nhit im si ( p sut thng) hay nn trn p sut hi bo ha. Nhng cc cht kh ha lng ny s ha hi ngay sau khi thot ra mi trng bn ngoi nhit thng. Tnh cht ny cho php ta vn chuyn, tng tr LPG di dng lng nhng s dng chng di dng kh. Propan v butan u c nhit im si thp ( i vi butan la +32oF cn i vi propan l -44oF). Nhit ny c bit quan trng trong vic la chn vt liu ch to bn cha v trong vic thit lp p chng lan cht lng khi xy ra s c. Khi tn ti trng thi lng th t trng ca LPG ch bng 0,5 ln so vi t trng ca nc lun lun nm pha y bn.Tnh cht ny c ng dng khi thit k ng ng x nc cho bn. Khi LPG thot ra ngoi mi trng dng hi th chng u nng hn khng kh, v vy chng khng bay ln cao m rt thp gn mt t v kh nng khuch tn chm hn cc kh nh hn. Tnh cht ny c bit quan trng trong phng chng chy n, kim sot s r r kh ra ngoi. LPG tinh khit khng gy n mn i vi thp v cc hp kim ca ng. Tuy nhin, khi c hp cht bn khc trong thnh phn s gy n mn ln.

LPG khng mu, khng mi nn kim tra pht hin r r ra mi trng ngoi phi thm cht to mi cho kh. 1.5 Cng ngh sn xut LPG : Sau khi du th c lm n nh-phn ly th trong qu trnh vn chuyn n nh my tinh ch, nhng lng nh ca LPG v thnh phn nh hn (metan. Etan) cn trong du c a n nh my tinh luyn. Ti y du th c a n thp chng ct phn on. Kh thuc thnh phn nh c to ra l sn phm u t ct ct phn on bao gm LPG, etan, metan . Nhng phn cn li l cc phn nng nh: du m, phn cn. LPG v nhng phn nh hn thu c t thnh phn trc tip ca du th v t thnh phn nhng sn phm ca cc qu trnh bin i tinh ch khc nhau nh :cracking, cracking xc tc, hydrocracking, ankyl ha. Ty thuc vo tng trng hp m ta p dng cc phng php sn xut thu hi LPG trong nh my ch bin kh hay nh my tinh ch nhu: phng php lm lnh, phng php hp th, hp ph Mt qu trnh sn xut LPG gm 3 cng on chnh : -Chun b nguyn liu. -Ch bin kh. Pha trn thnh phn LPG. Vic la chn hng ch bin kh c quyt nh bi tnh cht l ha ca hn hp kh, mc pht trin cng ngh ch bin kh v nhu cu ca nn kinh t i vi sn phm.Cng ngh c la chn c bit quan trng v ph thuc vo hang lot yu t nh: cht lng nguyn liu kh, cc thng s cng ngh , cc yu t nh hng, chu trnh lm lnh, Sauk hi thu c kh qua cc cng on thu gom, x l, tch cc thnh phn kh bng cc cch khc nhau.Cui cng l cng on pha trn thnh phn LPG to sn phm LPG. Cng on pha trn l cng on n gin nht trong cc cng on sn xut LPG. Ty theo nhu cu th trng v tiu th sn phm LPG m cc nh sn xut sau khi c thnh phn kh C3 v C4 ring bit s em trn vi nhau theo t l thch hp sao cho p ng tt v nhit tr cng nh tnh an ton. Trong qu trnh pha trn thnh phn LPG th ch d cng ngh ph thuc vo t l cu t chnh l butan v propan cng nh nng sut thit b.Ty theo mc ch s dng m ngi ta dung cc loi my nn cp 1, cp 2, cp 3 cng vi thit b cha chuyn dung np, nn, tn cha LPG ti p sut khc nhau. 1.Phng php nn kh. a. S cng ngh. Kh nhin liu c

b a f g Propan

LPG H Hnh Hnh 1. S cng ngh sn xut LPG bng phng php nn kh Butan

a. Thp ct phn on b. Bnh acqui c. My nn b. M t qu trnh.

d. Thit b gia nhit e. Thp phn ly

f. Thp ct loi etan g. Thp tch propan

Sn phm hi trn cao t thp ct phn on c nn n 1,2 1,5 Mpa (b) my nn (c) v kt hp vi sn phm u ca hi ha lng. Nhng dng

o c lm mt n 40 C bng khng kh hoc nc, sau c chuyn trc tip dn my phn ly (e). Do p sut cao, phn ln LPG thu c trong pha lng ca s phn ly nhiu hn i vi pha lng thng c quy (b) pha trn, thnh phn nng hn - butan c quay vng li thp phn on. Pha lng t my phn ly i qua ct etan (f), sn phm hi t quay vng li my phn ly tng vng quay LPG. Pha hi t my phn ly m thnh phn ch yu l LPG c dng lm kh nhin liu. Cn dng sn phm lng t ct ct etan l LPG c chia lm 2 loi gm propan v butan trong thp tch propan. Vi phng php ny th i hi LPG phi lun c quay vng. 2. Phng php lm lnh. S quay vng ca LPG t c s lm lnh bn ngoi hay s lm lnh t ng hoc s lm lnh kt hp. + Lm lnh t ng Phng php lm lnh c th thc hin c nh qu trnh ra tng th tch qua van Joule - Thomson (J - T) hoc tuabin m ha hp vi s trao i nhit. trong phng php ny p sut trong thit b cung cp tren my lm gim s trao i nhit. S lm lnh t ng c th cho quay vng LPG > 90% v ca etan > 80%. a. S cng ngh. f Kh em s dng Kh kh b c d e

a a

LPG v xng t nhin Hnh 2. S cng ngh sn xut LPG bng phng php lm lnh a. Thit b gia nhit y b. Thit b trao i nhit c. Thp phn ly b. M t qu trnh. Nc, cacbondioxit, sunfua v mt thnh phn ca kh cung cp c lm lnh nh d. Thp tch metan e. Tucbin gin n f. My nn

qu trnh cung cp nhit lm si li n ct ct etan, phn cn li lm lnh nh s TN vi sn phm kh t ct etan. Dng kh c cung cp kt hp vi nhau v i qua my phn ly (c). T , cht lng c i qua h thng van lm gim p sut trong vng trung gian ca ct ct etan. Trong qu trnh gin n, c mt phn cht lng bc hi v nhit b h thp. p sut hi t my phn ly gim xung nh tucbin (e). S gin n qua tucbin cng vi s trao i dng nhit c kh nng gim nhit n -90 C v km theo s ngng t ca dng nhit. Hi to ra t nh ct ct etan phn ln l metan v etan. Vi phng php trn, ta thu c ch yu l hn hp etan, LPG v xng t nhin. Nh cc qu trnh chng ct phn on m ta thu c cc sn phm theo yu cu. 3. LPG v s quay vng olefin. Vng quay LPG v olefin c gi tr i vi nh my tinh luyn v kh du m dng nhit thp. a. S cng ngh:

Kh thin nhin
1

Kh thi

7 5

Hnh 3.

1, 6. My nn 2. Thp sy kh 3. Trao i nhit b. M t qu trnh:

4. My phn ly 5. ct ct phn on 7. Thp phn ly

A,B. khi ng

Nh my dng hai tuocbin 1,6 kh c cp u vi p sut l nh nhau. Trc khi hn hp kh c lm lnh n nhit thp th hn hp kh c lm sch khi CO2 v H2S. Sau khi nn, kh c sy kh bng phng php hp th (dng zeolit). Sau khi c lm lnh v ngng t trong b phn trao i nhit. Cht lng v hi xp x o -42,8 C c phn chia trong my phn ly (4), cht lng n ct ct loi etan trong khi hi nc c a n tuc bin. Cht lng t my phn ly c lm nng li trc khi a n ct ct loi etan gim ti thiu s lnh. Nhit ca hi t my ct phn ly gim xung o xp x - 84,5 C nh s thot hi trong tucbin. S ngng t v s thot kh c phn chia trn ct ct etan m bo tch n nh. Khi cn t tuocbin v ct ct loi etan pha trn c kim tra li v i n nhin liu u. Dng sn phm LPG/ propylen t ct ct loi etan c bm cho qu trnh tip theo. 4. Phng php hp th. Trong qu trnh hp th phn t kh c lin kt tr li vi b mt ca cht rn. Cc cht hp ph thng c dng: nhm, than hot tnh, oxit nhm. a. S cng ngh. f g d Xng t nhin Kh nhin liu a b
Lm lnh

e c t nng h Kh em s dng Hnh 4.

a , b,c.Thp hp ph d. My nn b. M t qu trnh.

e. L t g. Thp phn ly

h. My lc

Dng kh nhin liu i qua bnh ng cht hp th (a), hydrocacbon nng c hp th. Dng kh khc c nn my nn (d) v i vo y ca ct ng cht hp ph (b), o ct ny c lm lnh. Dng kh t (b) c chuyn n l (e) v c lm nng n 300 C ri chuyn trc tip vo cct (e) loi b cc hydrocacbon c hp ph. Nhng hydrocacbon nng c trong khi ti sinh t bung (e) c quay tr li sau khi lm lnh trong my phn ly (g). T y kh cn li vn to thnh dng t bung ban u (a). Cht lng thu c t pha ti sinh gm: LPG, xng t nhin. T y thc hin qu trnh chng ct phn on tip th ta thu c LPG v sn phm xng t nhin.

1.6 Tnh hnh s dng LPG : LPG c ch bin t du m v kh thin nhin (gm kh ng hnh-KH v kh t nhinKTN). Kt qu thm d cho thy Vit Nam c tr lng tim nng khong gn 3.000 t m3, tp trung ch yu thm lc a nc ta; tr lng KTN tp trung ch yu 4 b chnh: sng Hng, Cu Long, Nam Cn Sn, Malay - Th Chu. Tim nng khai thc s dng t 4 b ny c th t sn lng khong 12 t m3/nm vo nm 2010. Theo nh hng pht trin, cng nghip khai thc v ch bin kh chia thnh 3 khu vc: khu vc min Bc v min Trung, khu vc ng Nam B v khu vc Ty Nam B. Thng 4/1995 l thi im hnh thnh ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam khi KH t m Bch H c thu gom v a vo b qua ng ng ngm di bin v trn t lin cung cp 1 triu m3 kh/ngy m cho NM nhit in tuabin kh B Ra cng sut 250MW. Cng sut cung cp kh ca h thng kh Bch H cho NM nhit in B Ra v TT in lc Ph M c nng ln 2 triu m3 kh/ ngy m vo thng 5/1997 ri 3 triu m3/ ngy m vo thng 11/1997, khi gin nn kh TT ti m Bch H c a vo khai thc. Thng 10/1998, cng vi vic hon thnh cc hng mc ti thiu ca NM x l kh Dinh C, h thng kh Bch H t cng sut cp kh thit k l 4,2 triu m3 kh ngy/m, ng thi sn xut condensat. Hin nay, ngoi KH, chng ta khai thc KTN cc m Lan Ty, Lan cung cp nhin, nguyn liu cho cc NM in thuc TT in lc Ph M v NM m thuc KCN kh in m Ph M. T nm 2009, LPG cng c ch bin ti NM lc du Dung Qut. Cng ngh tng qut ch bin KH thnh LPG v mt s sn phm khc l thc hin cc qu trnh lm sch, tch bi, lm ngt ri tch thnh cc phn on hp hn nh C2+ (ethane v hydrocarbon cao hn), C3+ (propane v hydrocarbon cao hn), condensate ... hoc cc n cht nh ethane, propane, butane ... thng phm. thc hin mc ch ny, trong ch bin LPG p dng ba phng php chnh: ngng t nhit thp, hp th nhit thp, chng ct nhit thp.

 Vit Nam, do c im ca ngun kh u vo v sn phm u ra (kh kh, LPG v condensate), NM ch bin kh Dinh C s dng cng ngh chng ct. KH t cc m du Bch H, i Hng v Rng ng c thnh phn ch yu l metane, ethane, propane, butane, lng nh cc hydrocacbon nng v mt s kh khc nh CO2, N2 v H2O c thu gom v dn nn kh TT ti m Bch H. Ti y, KH c tch nc, lc bi, tch cc hydrocarbon lng ... v c nn ti p sut 70-80 bar ri c vn chuyn theo ng ng di 120 km ti NM ch bin kh Dinh C vi lu lng 5,7 triu m3/ngy m. Sn phm ca NM c gii thiu trong bng sau: Sn phm Sn lng (tn/ngy) Nhit (oC) p sut(kPa) Propane 536 46 1800 Butane 416 45 900 Condensate 400 45 800 c tnh k thut ca LPG sn xut ti NM ch bin kh Dinh C thuc PetroVietnam Gas (PV Gas) c gii thiu trong bng sau: TT Ch tiu n v Kt qu o 1 p sut hi 37.8 C kPa 800 3 2 Hm lng lu hunh g/cm 0,005 3 Hm lng H2S % Khng c o 4 T trng ti 15 C 0,5420 5 Phn t lng 50,2 6 T l C3/C4 49,7/50,3 LPG bt u c s dng lm cht t min Nam Vit Nam t nhng nm 70 vi khi lng khong 150 tn/nm. Sau vic s dng LPG b gin on vo nhng nm 80. n nm 1991, LPG c s dng li vi lng nhp khu LPG khong 400 tn. K t , lng tiu th LPG ngy cng tng. Bng 1.10 trnh by mc cung, cu LPG Vit Nam t nm 1996 n nm 2010. 1996 2000 85.80 340.00 1. Ngun cung cp 0 0 340.00 - Sn xut trong nc 0 0 85.80 - Nhp khu 0 0 85.80 223.80 2. Nhu cu tiu th 0 0 120.00 3. Xut khu 0 0 2005 2010 590.00 840.000 0 590.00 840.00 0 0

369.95 527.000 0 220.00 313.000 0

T 1994, LPG c s dng ti cc h cng nghip v thng mi. Nm 1995, Vit Nam nhp khu v tiu th khong 50.000 tn LPG, nm 1997 l 120.000 tn. Thng 12/1998, ngnh

cng nghip ch bin kh Vit Nam bt u cung cp LPG sn xut trong nc t KH Bch H cho th trng thay th LPG nhp khu. T thng 11/1999, khi NM ch bin kh Dinh C chnh thc i vo hot ng, hng nm cung cp khong 275.000 tn LPG. H thng ng ng thu gom, vn chuyn v NM x l KH cng sut 500 triu m3/nm t ti Dinh C (B Ra Vng Tu) cung cp kh cho NM in B Ra, KCN kh in m Ph M, c bit l cung cp 4,1 triu m3 kh/ngy t m Bch H v 1,5 triu m3 ngy t m Rng ng cho NM ch bin kh Dinh C, ch bin 275.000 tn LPG/nm trong 180.000 tn LPG c vn chuyn bng tu bin qua kho cng Th Vi, 95.000 tn LPG c vn chuyn bng xe bn ti cc c s chit np chai LPG v cc NM. Ngoi NM ch bin kh, cng ty ch bin kh Dinh C cn c cc tuyn ng, kho cng xut LPG ti Ci Mp, trm phn phi kh thp p G Du ... T nm 2003, LPG c ch bin t kh Nam Cn Sn. NM lc du s 1 Dung Qut s cung cp khong 100.000 tn vo nm u tin v 260.000 tn/nm vo nhng nm tip theo. S liu thng k cho thy tiu th LPG trong nhng nm va qua Vit Nam tng bnh qun khang 8% nm, trong , cc tnh pha Nam tiu th khong 60% lng LPG c nc v t l s dng LPG trong cc h gia nh chim 65%, h thng mi l 15% v cng nghip l 20%. Cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip khai thc v ch bin du kh, LPG c s dng trong nhiu lnh vc nc ta nh: sinh hot, dch v, cng nghip, nng nghip, GTVT