Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GVHD :
L Th Kim Huyn
SVTH : 1.Nguyn Minh Khim 2. Nguyn Vn Thun 3. Phm Vn Hi 4. Trn Hn V 5. Ng Thnh Phng 6. V Vn Duy Tn
Mc Lc Li Ni Du
Khng ring g Vit Nam, hin nay trn th gii vn nng lng rt c quan tm v ch trng pht trin. Bi nng lng lun c xem l huyt mch ca mt quc gia, n tc ng tch cc n vic pht trin kinh t cng nh quc phng. Vit Nam l quc gia giu tim nng v du kh, tuy ch mi bc u khai thc v pht trin, tim nng v khai thc v ch bin du cha tht s pht trin. Tuy nhin nn cng nghip kh Vit Nam cng t c nhiu kt qu to ln, p ng c nhu cu tiu dng trong nc. Hin ti, Vit Nam hnh thnh nn nhiu tp on du kh nh: Vietso Petro, Petro Vietnam, Saigon Petro; cc cng ty du kh nc ngoi nh: BP (vng quc Anh), ONGC Videsh (n ), Conocophillips (M), JVPC lin doanh Vit - Nht gp phn thc y ng k n vic pht trin ngnh du kh cn non tr Vit Nam. c s u t v quan tm c bit ca chnh ph Vit Nam, nng lng ni chung v nng lng kh ni ring pht trin vi tc kh nhanh v bn vng. Thng 10 nm 1998, nh my x l kh Dinh C i vo hot ng, nh du bc pht trin vt bt ca ngnh cng nghip kh Vit Nam. Nh my x l kh Dinh C trc thuc cng ty PV GAS l n v trc thuc tp on du kh quc gia vit nam (PETROVIETNAM) hot ng trong lnh vc vn chuyn, ch bin v kinh doanh cc sn phm kh. L ni ch bin v cung cp ton b cc sn phm kh cho ton khu vc min nam, cng nh trn ton quc. Cng ty khng ngng pht trin nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm, n nh th trng, p ng nhu cu tiu th trong nc cng nh xut khu. Phn u tr thnh n v i u trong vic pht trin kinh t, xy dng t nc ngy mt phn vinh. Trong bi tiu lun ny chng ti xin trnh by v cng ngh v cc qu trnh ch bin kh trong nh my ch bin kh dinh c.
Cng ty TNHH ch bin v kinh doanh cc sn phm kh, tn ting anh l Petrovietnam Gas Company (PVGAS). L mt n v thnh vin ca tp on du kh quc gia Vit Nam (Petro Vietnam); chuyn vn chuyn, ch bin, phn phi, kinh doanh kh, sn phm kh v vt t thit b lin quan trn ton quc. Nh my ch bin kh Dinh C c xy dng ti th x An Ngi, huyn Long t, Tnh B Ra Vng Tu, cch Long Hi 6 km v pha bc, cch im tip b ca ng ng dn kh t Bch H khong 10 km. Din tch nh my 89.600 m 2 (di 320 m, rng 280m).
Trong trng hp nhu cu tiu th kh ca cc nh my in thp hn so vi kh cung cp t ngoi bin, th kh kh d sau khi thu hi lng s c t ti nh my.
K t nm 2002, sau khi a vo vn hnh trm nn kh u vo nh my vn hnh theo ch GPP chuyn i do nh thu Flour Daniel nh gi v thit k li.
hng. Kh kh c thnh phn ch yu l CH 4 (khng nh hn 90%) v C2H4. Ngoi ra cn c ln cc hydrocacbon nng hn v cc kh khc nh H 2, N2, CO2 ty thuc vo iu kin vn hnh m thnh phn kh c th thay i. Thnh phn kh thng phm ca nh my x l kh Dinh C Lu lng kh Thnh phn N2 CO2 CH4 C2H6 C3H8 iC4H10 nC4H10 iC5H12 nC5H10 C6H14 C7H16 C8+ Hi nc 5,7 triu m3 kh/ngy % mol 0,178 0,167 81,56 13,7 3,35 0,322 0,371 0,0508 0,005 0,016 0,00425 0,00125 0,00822
Cc thng s k thut c trng ca kh kh Nh my in ni chung p sut ti thiu, bar Nhit Nhit im sng Nhit im sng ca nc Tng nhit lng ti a Lng cc tp cht H2S N2, He, Ar Nhit tr: y l ch tiu hng u ca kh thng phm, n c trng cho kh nng sn xut nng lng kh t mt n v cht kh thng phm (khi lng hoc th tch). V vy, nhit tr ca kh thng phm thng c biu din theo nhit tr khi lng (KJ/kg) hay theo nhit tr th tch (KJ/m3). Ngi ta phn thnh hai loi nhit tr: Nhit tr ton phn: l tng nhit sinh ra khi t chy hon ton mt n v vt cht kh thng phm thu c cng thm phn nhit lng sinh ra khi ngng t phn hi nc ca sn phm chy. Nhit tr ti thiu: l tng nhit sinh ra khi t chy hon ton mt n v vt cht kh thng phm, c o trong iu kin dng hi. Hm lng cc hp cht lu hunh Tu theo mi nh my 200C trn im sng -100C -750C 38,000 KJ/m3 30 ppm 20 40 ppm < 2%
Vic hn ch thnh phn cc hp cht lu hunh trong khng kh nhm trnh hin tng n mn, to cc hp cht gy c, gim nhit tr khi chy. Tiu chun cc hp cht lu hunh y thng biu din cho hm lng H2S. Thng thng hm lng H2S thng c quy nh trong khong 20 40 ppm.
Nhit cao nht Nhit cao nht khi cung cp cho khch hng thng c quy nh trong 490C (1200F). Nhit im sng (hm lng nc c trong kh thng phm) Tiu chun thng c a ra trnh hin tng to thnh hydrat trong qu trnh gim p t kh sn xut in. Tiu chun ny thay i theo tng nc v tng khu vc. N thng c biu din bng khi lng nc c trong mt n v th tch kh thng phm hoc nhit im sng ca kh ti p sut tiu chun (1000psi tng ng 70bar). M ngi ta quy nh hm lng nc trong kh thng phm cao nht 112 mg/m3, cn Chu u th khong 50 n 60 mg/m 3 tng ng vi nhit im sng ca kh -100C. Nhit im sng hydrocacbon Tiu chun ny c a ra nh gi hm lng lng t do, cc cht rn, hm lng nha v kh nng to nha ca kh thng phm. Tiu chun ny c n nh bng nhit im sng cao nht ti p sut ca dng kh ra khi nh my. Tiu chun ny thng c a ra do cc yu cu ca nh my in. Ty Bc v Chu u, tiu chun ny thng thay i trong khong t -10 n 00C. Tiu chun ny cn c th xc nh theo hm lng hydrocacbon lng t do c trong kh thng phm. Theo cch o ny, tiu chun ca kh thng phm l khong 15 mg/m3. Cc tiu chun khc Trong kh thng phm ngoi thnh phn l kh metan v cc hydrocacbon nh cn cha cc cu t phi hydrocacbon nh: N2, He, Ar, CO2, O2, Hg. Cc cu t N2, He, Ar thng c khng ch nh hn 1 2 % CO2 thng c khng ch nh hn 2% bi v tnh n mn v c nhit chy bng khng.
2.4.2 Kh ha lng LPG. Kh ho lng gi tt l LPG, c thnh phn ch yu l propan v butan c nn li cho ti khi ho lng (p sut hi bo ha) mt nhit nht nh tn cha v vn chuyn. Khi t th kh chuyn sang th lng th th tch ca n gim 250 ln. Butan v propan l hai sn phm thu c t s phn tch Bupro. Thnh phn ca LPG: Thnh phn ch yu ca LPG l cc cu t C3 v C4 gm c: Propan (C3H8): 60% mol Butan (C4H10): 40% mol Ngoi ra cn cha hm lng nh cu t etan v pentan trong LPG cn cha cc cht to mi mercaptan (R-SH) vi t l nht nh (nh my GPP hin ang s dng 40 ppm) khi r r c th nhn bit bng khu gic. Tt c cc cu t u tn ti th lng, di nhit trung bnh v p sut thng. i vi LPG ng chai th tu theo iu kin mi trng s dng ca tng vng, tng nc m yu cu cc cu t C 3, C4 l khc nhau. V d, i vi nhng vng c kh hu lnh, m bo kh nng ha hi khi s dng th yu cu hm lng cu t C3 nhiu hn C4, v nhng nc c kh hu nng th ngc li. i vi nhu cu cng nghip, cht lng thng c ho hi nh thit b gia nhit bn ngoi h tr. Thnh phn ch yu ca LPG vn ch yu l C 3 v C4, nu sn phm l butan th thnh phn C 5 chim ti a l 2%. Thnh phn LPG phi m bo kh nng bay hi 95% th tch lng nhit quy nh. Cc thng s k thut c trng ca LPG ca nh my ch bin kh Dinh C Sn phm Propan Butan 4.83 bar 37.70C Chim ti a 2% th tch Chim ti a 2% th tch Chim ti a 96% th tch
p sut hi bo ha 13 bar 37.70C Hm lng etan Hm lng propan Hm lng butan Chim ti a 2% th tch Chim ti a 96% th tch Chim ti a 2% th tch
Butan th lng v th kh u nng hn propan nhng cng mt lng th propan to ra mt th tch kh ln hn. Nhit si v p sut hi bo ha cch nhau kh xa. ha lng propan th cn iu kin: t0 = -45, P = 1bar hoc t0 = 200C, P = 9bar ha lng butan th cn iu kin: t0 = -20C, P = 1bar hoc t0 = 200C, P = 3bar. Nhit tr
Propan: 11,100kcal/kg Butan: 10900 kcal/kg p sut hi LPG c p sut hi bo ha ln hn p sut kh quyn nn iu kin thng LPG tn ti dng hi. Trong mt iu kin nht nh v nhit , p sut th LPG s chuyn sang mt dng lng rt nh so vi dng hi, thun li cho vic vn chuyn v tn cha. H s gin n khi H s gin n khi l i lng th tch tng ln khi nhit ca vt cht tng ln 1 .H s gin n khi 15 0C i vi propan vo khong 0,0016/0C cn i vi butan l 0,0011/0C. Do h s gin n khi ca propan, butan ln nn: C cha khong trng trong bn Lp t van an ton trn cc ng dn trn thit b Nhit ngn la Propan: 19670C Propylen: 20590C Butan: 19730C Butylen: 20330C An ton trong s dng: Nguy him do p sut
Nguy him do la v nhit Nguy him do gy ngt: do LPG khng c mi do phi pha thm cht to mi pht hin khi kh thot ra. Alkylmercaptan thng c s dng cho mc ch gia mi vi t l 3 5 ppm. Cc kh nng s dng kh ha lng: S dng lm nguyn liu S dng trong dn dng S dng trong sn xut vt liu xy dng S dng lm nhin liu ha du: c th t propan, butan sn xut etylen, propylen, butadien phc v cho ngnh nha, cao su, c bit l sn xut dung mi. Sn lng LPG t c vn hnh nh my tng ch khc nhau Bupro Ch Lu lng (tn/ngy) p sut (bar) Nhit (0C) AMF MF 640 13 47,34 GPP
Propan Ch Lu lng (tn/ngy) T l thu hi (%) p sut (bar) Nhit (0C) % mol C4 cc i Butan Ch Lu lng (tn/ngy) T l thu hi (%) p sut (bar) Nhit (0C) % mol C5 cc i 2.4.3 Condensat. AMF MF GPP 415 92 9 45 2,5 AMF MF GPP 535 85,2 18 45,57 2,5
2.4.3.1 Ngun gc chung ca condensat Condensat cn gi l kh ngng t l hn hp ng th dng lng c mu vng rm. Do cc bn cha condensat c sn mu vng rm. Condensat thu c t ngun kh m. Di cc m du hoc m kh, cc hp cht hu c c s nguyn t cacbon nh hn 17, di tc dng ca nhit , p sut m c th trng thi lng, kh. Khi khai thc ln do iu kin trng thi thay i nn mt phn ch yu l cc nguyn t cacbon nh hn 6 bin thnh kh. Tuy nhin cng c cc hydrocacbon c C > 5 cng ngng t do hin tng li ko. cc m du, kh tch ra khi du iu kin ming ging gi l kh ng hnh. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn kh cc ng ng dn hay cc thit b tch, kh c s nguyn t cacbon ln hn 5 s ngng t to thnh condensat. Tuy vy condensat vn cha mt lng kh ha lng do hin tng li ko. Do vy condensat bao gm cc hydrocacbon c phn t lng v t trng cao hn propan v butan thng c k hiu l C5+. Ngoi cc hydrocacbon no, condensat cn cha cc hydrocacbon mch vng, cc nhn thm. Condensat thng c n nh theo cc tiu chun thng mi, ch yu l cc tiu chun v p sut hi bo ha trong khong 0,6 0,7 bar. p sut ny condensat tn tr v vn chuyn kinh t hn. Condensat Vit Nam c hai loi Condensat c tch t bnh lng t ti gin khoan. Kh i ra t bnh tch kh (C1 C4) p sut va (3 40bar) v nhit 103 0C. Sau kh kh theo ng ng 12 xung y bin n gin nh BK3 v quay tr li CPP2 vi chiu di 6300m. nhit t 20 250C do kh ng hnh s c gim nhit t 80 900C xung cn 20 250C, do s gim nhit cho nn condensat s hnh thnh trong ng ng. Khi quay li hn hp hai pha kh lng s a qua van cu joule_thompson. Kh s tt p khong 2bar v nhit s gim 1,5 0C do hiu ng joule_thompson. Tip hn hp hai pha s c a vo bnh tch th 2, l bnh tch condensat, phn condensat c tch ra v bm trn vi du th xut khu v kh c a sang dng ng ng a vo b. Tr lng condensate ny khng ln. Loi 2 l condensate c ngng t trong qu trnh vn chuyn ng ng. giai on th hai ca n s dng kh thin nhin vit nam ng ng vn chuyn 1500 triu m3/nm. Kh s m hn do s c nhiu condensate ngng t hn. ng ng vn hnh theo kiu 2 pha vi p sut 125bar v t 0=450C. Ti Dinh
ti: Nh My Ch Bin Kh Dinh C - GVHD: L Th Kim Huyn Trang 13 /41
C condensate s c thu gom v nhp chung vi condensate t nh my ch bin kh, sn lng condensate ny l 9500 tn/nm. Cc c tnh k thut ca condensate: p sut hi bo ha (Kpa): 60 C5- : 13% T trng (Kg/m3): 310 nht (Cp): 0,25647 2.4.3.2 Cc sn phm ch bin t condensat: Cc loi nhin liu: Bng cch pha ch condensat vi reformat c ch s octan cao ng thi cng thm ph gia chuyn dng MTBE s c xng thnh phm M83. Bng cch thc hin qu trnh reformat xc tc hay isome ha, sau pha ch vi ph gia s c xng thng phm MOGAS83, MOGAS92. Bng cch chng ct condensat s thu c thnh phn pha ch xng v du la. Cc loi dung mi: Dung mi du m l phn on hydrocacbon d bay hi, sn xut trc tip hay gin tip t du m, bao gm cc hydrocacbon t C 4-C10. Cc dung mi ny c s dng rng ri trong qu trnh sn xut cng nghip. Chng c th l thnh phn cu thnh ca sn phm cui cng nh sn xut sn, mc in, cht dnh. Chng c th s dng trong qu trnh trch ly nh trong qu trnh tch du thc vt t cc ht cha du, cc cht khong, dc phm hoc n gin dng trong dung mi ty ra, trong bo dng. Cc dung mi du m l cht lng trong sut hoc c mu vng nht, khng ha tan trong nc nhng ha tan rt tt trong cc dung mi hu c.
Kh nng ho tan cc cht ca n ty thuc vo thnh phn ha hc v tnh cht phn cc.
ti: Nh My Ch Bin Kh Dinh C - GVHD: L Th Kim Huyn Trang 14 /41
Ngoi cc dung mi trn, cng bng qu trnh chng ct ta thu c cc sn phm khc nh: n-pentan, n-heptan, naphtan nh Cc sn phm ha du: Condensat qua qu trinh crakinh hi c th sn xut cc olefin nh Etylen, Butadien, nhng ni khng Etan hay Propan lm nguyn liu th condensat l nguyn liu rt qu sn xut olefin. Condensat qua qu trnh reforming xc tc c th sn xut BTX. Sn lng condensate thu c khi vn hnh nh my cc ch khc nhau Ch Lu lng (tn/ngy) Ap sut (bar) Nhit (0C) % mole C4 cc i AMF 330 8 45 2 MF 380 8 45 2 GPP 400 8 45 2
Thit b bc hi V-03 l thit b bc hi ba pha nm ngang, vn hnh p sut 75bar, nhit 180C. Mc ch ca thit b ny tch hydrocacbon nh hp th trong condensat. Vi vic gim p t 109bar xung 75bar th nhit s gim xung di nhit to thnh hydrat (200C) th cc kh hydrocacbon nh ch yu l C2, C3 c tch ra khi phn lng v c nn bi my nn K-03 t 75 bar ln 109 bar ha cng vi kh ra t SC. V nhit gim xung di nhit to thnh hydrat nn cn phi c hai van iu khin mc, mt ci nh thit b d tr ti u vo ca thit b bc hi. Trong trng hp tinh th hydrat hnh thnh trong van th ngi ta phun metanol vo. trong bn c h thng gia nhit m bo nhit ln hn 200C, lu lng ca dng lu cht nng c iu khin bng thit b iu khin nhit, cn condensat c iu khin bi thit b iu khin mc. Nc c gp li y bn v c iu khin thit b iu khin mc thng qua thit b bc hi V-52 nh trong trng hp ca thit b SC. p sut vn hnh ca thit b bc hi c khng ch 75bar bng van iu p bt trn ng ng dn hi nc. 3.1.3 Thp tch ethan C- 01. Thp chng ct C-01 l thit b trong thc hin qu trnh phn tch gia C 2 v C3. C2- v mt phn nh C3 s i ra khi nh pha kh, phn ln lng C 3+ v mt phn nh C2 ra khi y C-01 dng lng s c a ti thp C-02 phn tch tip thnh LPG v condensate. p sut hot ng ca thp tch ethan C-01 l 27bar cho ch MF v GPP hoc 20bar cho ch AMF. Nhit y v nh tng ng l 14 0C v 1090C ng vi ch GPP, i vi ch MF th nhit ny l 60C v 1200C. Trong ch AMF th khng c dng hi lu ca lu th lnh nn nhit trong thp rt cao, nhit nh v y tng ng l 63,70C v 1940C. Thp tch etan C-01 c thit k 32 a van. Phn trn ca thp c 13 a vi ng knh l 2,6m. Phn di ca thp c 19 a vi ng knh 3,05m. Thp ny c hai ngun cung cp, ngun th nht l dng lng t thp stripper kh sau khi lm nng t 400C ln 860C trong b trao i nhit E-04 i vo a th 20. Ngun th hai l cht lng y thp lm sch C-05 c nhit -23 0C vo a trn cng ca thp, cha 95% mol cht lng dng cho vic phun ti.
Nhit : nh thp: 56 580C. Nhit dng nhp liu: 650C. y thp: 125 1300C.
Stabilizer c lp t ch MF v GPP nhng cng c th chy n ch AMF d phng. Trong ch AMF thp tch C-01 hot ng nh mt thp n nh bng s bc hi ca butan v cc hydrocacbon nh hn ra khi condensat nhit rt cao, ti thit b un si li l 149 0C trong trng hp thit b n nh khng hot ng. Nu ngi ta thu hi LPG trong ch AMF th thp tch etan hot ng ng chc nng ca n nhit un si li thp hn v thit b C-02 c th c s dng. p sut vn hnh ca h thng thp C-02 c khng ch 11bar, bng cch khng ch hiu sut ca thit b trao i nhit E-02 bng cch m hoc ng mt dng kh bypass nng qua van TV-1501A, cng sut thit k l 30% dng tng. kh s c t qua van PV-1501B. Thp C-02 gm 30 a van vi ng knh 2,14m, a np liu l a s 10; mt thit b ngng t nh, mt thit b un si li y. LPG trong thp C-02 s c tch ra khi condensat. 3.1.5 Thp tch C3/C4 (C- 03). Thit b C-03 c lp t ch GPP nhng cng c th hot ng ch MF v AMF d phng. ch MF ngi ta khng phn tch C 3, C4 m sn phm lng l hn hp C3, C4. Tuy nhin nu ngi ta cn tch C3 khi C4 th cng c th chy thit b ny. p sut hot ng ca thp C-03 c khng ch 16bar bng cch iu khin cng sut ca thit b E-19 nh vic ng hoc m dng kh nng van Bypass PV-2101A, c cng sut thit k l 30% dng tng. Lng kh d c em i t thng qua van PV-2101B. Thp tch C-03 c cu to c 30 a van vi ng knh 1,7m, nhin liu c np vo ti a th 14 k t nh xung. C mt thit b ngng t v mt thit b un si li. Ti thp C-03 th propan v butan c tch ra khi nhau.
3.1.6. GAS STRIPPER C-04. Thit b C-04 ch c lp t ch GPP nn cng nn chy n ch MF sau khi hon chnh ch GPP. ch AMF sau khi hon chnh ch GPP, hai my nn alter c th c s dng nhng c th khng dng mt ci. Khi ch AMF, nu kh dng stripping l kh n t nh thp deethaniser khng s dng c. My nn cn li c dng gi lu lng ca condensat n t V-03 trong ch GPP cho d kh stripper khng s dng c. 3.1.7. Thp lm sch C-05 Lu lng theo thit k: 200.000 sm3/h p sut: 33,5 bar. Vn hnh hin ti: Lu lng tng: 245.000 sm3/h Nhit nh thp : -45 oC y thp: -11 -12 oC. p sut: 35-37 barA. Dng nguyn liu th nht (t E-14 ):
Lu lng : 85.000 90.000 m3/h Nhit : -60 - 62oC. Dng nguyn liu th 2 (t CC-01): Lu lng: 160.000 -165.000 sm3/h. Nhit : -11 -15oC. Nhit : nh thp : 10-12 oC. Nhit dng nhp liu: 65-70 oC. y thp: 100 oC. p sut: 27 barA. Lu lng dng nhp liu t V-03: 15.000-20.000 Kg/h. Lu lng dng lng t C-05: 130-140 m3/h.
3.1.8. H thng tch nc V-06 A/B Thng s thit k: Lu lng dng: 5 triu m3/ngy.
p sut vn hnh: 109 bar. Nhit : 30 2300C. Hm lng nc u vo: hm lng nc bo ho trong kh 109bar v 260 Outlet Dew point: -65 oC. Chnh p ti a cho php: 80 kpa. Hai thp lm vic song song, thi gian chuyn thp l 8h. Do c h thng tch nc bng dietthylene glycol t thng ngun ti gin nn trung tm nn chu k lm vic hin nay c th ko di ln 24h. Do nu m rng cng sut dng kh u vo th V-06A/B vn kh nng tip nhn v x l dng kh u vo vi lu lng ln hn. Tuy nhin cn phi tnh n kh nng rt ngn chu k lun chuyn thp v tnh ton chnh p qua V-06. 3.1.9. Thit b TURBO EXPANDER Thng s thit k: Lu lng dng vo u gin n max: 170.000 sm3/h p vo/ra u gin: 109/33 bar. Lu lng u nn: 150.000 sm3/h p vo/ra u nn: 33/48 bar. Vn hnh hin ti: Lu lng dng vo u gin n: 165.000-170.000 sm3/h p vo/ra u gin: 109/35-38 bar. Lu lng u nn: 200.000-210.000 sm3/h p vo/ra u nn: 35-38/48 bar. Cn c theo thit k cng sut vn hnh ca CC-01 v E-14 t gi tr ti a v khng c kh nng tng c na. Thit b gm hai phn chnh: expander v my nn. Phn expander: gm hai phn, 3 dng kh t V-06 vo expander t 109bar xung 33,5bar lm cho nhit dng gim xung n -18 0C. nhit ny ch yu cc hydrocacbon nng (C 3+) c ha lng v a n thp C-05 nh ngun np liu. Phn my nn: khi qu trnh gim p ti turbo expander xy ra th dng kh s c sinh cng lm quay qut gi trong expander, cng c dn qua trc truyn ng dng chy my nn tng p sut ca dng kh ra t nh thp C-05 t 33,5bar ln 47bar. 3.1.10. My nn kh My nn kh m nh my s dng y l my nn kiu piston v kiu ly tm: my nn K-01 l loi my nn piston mt cp, K-02 v K-03 l loi my nn kiu piston hai cp, my nn K-04 l loi my nn ly tm.
ti: Nh My Ch Bin Kh Dinh C - GVHD: L Th Kim Huyn Trang 20 /41
Mc ch ca cm my nn K-01, K-02, K-03 l thu hi trit C 3+ t kh ra ca C-01 nn ln p sut 109bar a li nh my. 3.1.11 H thng uc. H thng uc nhm loi bt kh ti nh my thng qua cc van an ton, van p sut hoc cc ch ni thng kh v t n ch an ton. Ton b kh c gom ng gp ca uc 20 v c a ti bn cch bit ca uc (l bnh nm ngang c ng knh 3,1m; di 8,2m). y ton b cht lng c loi ra v ri ng gp 20 sang ng uc (ME-51), ng uc c ng knh 30, cao 70m, c cng sut 212 tn/h. H thng uc t c thit k t b kh i ra t nh my thng qua cc van an ton, van iu p 3.1.12 H thng bn cha v bm cc sn phm. C ba bn cha LPG v mt bn cha condensat trong nh my s c s dng cp cho xe bn v trong trng hp nh mt buffer. Bn cha condensat (TK-21) c mi hnh chp di ng, c ng knh 13m, cao 15,6m, dung tch 2000m3, c th cha 3 ngy. Bm condensat P-23A/B c cng sut 80m3/h, chiu cao y 133m, cng sut ng c in 30kw. Bm ny dng cho qu trnh phn phi condensat t bn cha n ng ng dn condensat. Bm c thit k chiu cao y sao cho p ng c p sut u vo l 8bar. Thit b o lu lng FIA-320, iu khin bm, s ngng bm khi lu lng di mc an ton ca bm. 3.1.13 H thng bm metanol. Metanol c s dng nhm trnh to hydrat trong cc b phn lm lnh trong nh my, n cng c tc dung loi hydrat to thnh. Metanol c vn chuyn n bn cha V-52 (l ng dng ng c ng knh 0,75m v chiu cao 7,5m. Bm metanol P-25A/B/C l bm piston c cng sut 13 lit/h, p sut x 11,5 bar, ht t y V-52 v x ra u phn phi. C 3 bung cha, mt cung cp cho u vo ca E-14, mt cho E-20 v cn li l cung cp co cc im bm mu. 3.1.14 H thng gia mi.
Mc ch ca h thng gia mi l pht hin r r ca sn phm. Khi hot ng bnh thng, cht to mi c bm lin tc vi lu lng 40 60 ppm sn phm. Cht to mi l alkymercaptan, l cht khng mu. Kh thng mi c to mi bng thit b X-101. 3.1.15 H thng cp pht cho xe bn. Bm xut LPG (P-21A/B) c cng sut 70m3/h, chiu cao y 61,2m, cng sut ng c in 15kw c dng cho vic xut LPG cho xe bn t bn cha sn phm. Bm ng n cp v n c la chn c gi tr NPSH thp. Chiu cao y thit k sao cho p ng vic xut qua trm xut LPG (ME-21). Thit b o lu lng (FIA-2401) lm cho bm s ngng hot ng khi lu lng nm trong vng gii hn di ca bm.
ngng t C3, C4 trong kh nn sn phm cho ta thm Bupro (hn hp butan v propan). Sn lng condensat l 380 tn/ngy v Bupro l 630 tn/ngy. Ch GPP (gas processing plant): nh my x l kh. y l ch ti u nht, phng thc lm lnh bng Turbo Expander c kh nng lm lnh su hn ch MF. Ngoi ra trong ch ny cn c th tch ring butan v propan, sn lng propan 540 tn/ngy, butan l 415 tn/ngy, condensat l 400 tn/ngy. 3.2.1 Ch AMF. 3.2.1.1. Mc ch : Ch AMF c kh nng a nh my sm i vo hot ng nhm cung cp kh thng phm vi lu lng 3,7 triu m 3/ngy cho cc nh my in v thu hi condensat vi sn lng 340 tn/ngy. y ng thi cng l ch d phng cho ch MF, khi cc thit b trong ch MF, GPP xy ra s c hoc cn sa cha, bo dng m khng c thit b d phng. 3.2.1.1 Cc thit b chnh y l ch nh my cm thit b ti thiu tuyt i. N ch bao gm cc thit b chnh sau: Hai thp chng ct C-01, C-05. Ba bnh tch V-06, V-08, V-15. My nn Jet Compresser EJ-01 A/B. Bn cha Condensat TK-21,
Kh ng hnh t m Bch H c a ti Slug Catcher ca nh my bng ng ng 16 vi p sut 109 bar, nhit 25,60C. Ti y, condensat v kh c tch ra theo cc ng ring bit tip tc x l, cn nc cha trong condensat cng c tch nh trng lc v a vo bnh tch nc (V-52) x l. y nc c gim p ti p sut kh quyn v hydrocacbon b hp th s c gii phng a vo t h thng ct uc. Nc sau c a ti hm t (ME52). Dng lng i ra t Slug Catcher s c gim p v a vo bnh tch V-03 hot ng 75 bar v c duy tr nhit 20 0C. V-03 dng tch hydrocacbon nh hp th trong lng bng cch gim p. Vi vic gim p t 109 bar xung 75 bar, nhit s gim thp hn nhit hnh thnh hydrate nn trnh hin tng ny bnh c gia nhit n 200C bng du nng thit b E-07. Sau khi ra khi V03 dng lng ny c trao i nhit ti thit b E-04A/B tn dng nhit. Dng kh thot ra t Slug Catcher c dn vo bnh tch/lc V-08 nhm tch trit cc ht lng nh b cun theo dng kh do SC khng tch c v lc cc ht bi trong kh (nu c) trnh lm h hng cc thit b ch bin kh pha sau. Kh t u ra ca V-08 c a vo thit b ha dng EJ-01A/B/C gim p sut t 109 Bar xung 47 Bar. Vic gim p ca kh trong EJ c tc dng ht kh t nh thp C-01. u ra ca EJ-01A/B/C l dng hai pha c p sut 47 bar v nhit 200C cng vi dng kh nh t V-03 gim p c a vo thp C-05. Mc ch ca EJ-01A/B/C l nn kh thot ra t nh thp C-01 ln p sut lm vic ca thp C-05, v vy n gi p sut lm vic ca thp C-01 n nh. Thp C-05 hot ng p sut 47 bar, nhit 20 0C. Phn nh ca thp hot ng nh b tch kh lng. Thp C-05 c nhim v tch phn lng ngng t do s st p ca kh t 109 bar xung 47 bar khi qua EJ-01A/B/C. Dng kh ra t nh thp C-05 c a ra ng kh thng phm cung cp cho cc nh my in. Lng ti y C-05 c a vo a trn cng ca thp C-01.
Dng t V-03 vo a th 14 ca thp C-01. Dng lng t y ca thp C-05 vo a trn cng ca thp C-01. p sut hi ca condensat c gim i v c iu chnh trong thp C-01 nhm mc ch ph hp cho vic cha trong bn cha ngoi tri. Vi ngha trong ch AMF thp C-01 hot ng nh l thp n nh condensat. Trong , phn ln hydrocacbon nh hn Butan c tch ra khi Condensat bi thit b gia nhit ca y C-01 l E-01A/B n 1940C. Kh ra nh thp c nhit 640C c trn vi kh nguyn liu nh EJ-01A/B/C. Dng Condensat y thp c trao i nhit ti E-04A/B v c lm lnh bng khng kh E-09 gim nhit xung 450C trc khi ra ng ng dn Condensat v kho cng hoc cha vo bn cha TK-21.
3.2.2. Ch MF 3.2.2.1. Mc ch. Trong ch vn hnh MF, sn phm ca nh my ngoi lng kh thng phm cung cp cho cc nh my in, cn thu c lng Condensat l 380 tn/ngy v lng Bupro l 630 tn/ngy. 3.2.2.2. Cc thit b chnh. y l ch hot ng trung gian ca nh my. MF l ch ci tin ca ch AMF. Nn ch ny nh my bao gm ton b cc thit b ca ch AMF (tr EJ-A/B/C) cng thm cc thit b chnh sau : Thp n nh Condensat C-02 Cc thit b trao i nhit : E-14, E-20 Thit b hp th V-06A/B My nn K-01, K-04A/B 3.2.2.3. M t ch vn hnh MF Dng kh t Slug Catcher c a n bnh tch lc V-08, y l thit b c thit k tch nc, hydrocacbon lng, du v lc cc ht rn. Mc ch ca V-08 l bo v lp cht hp th trong V-06A/B khi b hng hoc gim tc dng v gim tui th ca chng. Sau khi c loi nc ti V-06A/B dng kh c a ng thi n hai thit b E-14 v E-20 lm lnh. Dng kh sau khi ra khi E -14 v E-20 l dng hai pha lng kh c a vo thp C-05 tch lng. Kh ra ti nh thp C-05 lm tc nhn lnh bc 1 cho dng nguyn liu ti E-14 (nhit gim t 26,5 0C xung -170C) trc khi lm lnh bc hai ti van gin n, dng kh thng phm ra t nh C05 ny sau khi qua E-14 nhit c tng ln iu kin cung cp cho cc nh my in. Hai thp hp th V-06A/B c s dng lun phin, khi thp ny lm vic th thp kia ti sinh. Qu trnh ti sinh c thc hin nh s cung cp nhit ca mt phn dng kh thng phm c gia nhit n 2200C bng dng du nng ti E-18, dng kh ny sau khi ra khi thit b V-06A/B s c lm ngui ti E-15 v c tch lng V-07 trc khi ra ng kh thng phm. S dng lng trong ch MF ging nh trong ch AMF, ngoi tr vic a kh t V-03 n C-01 thay v n C-05 nh ch AMF. Ngoi ra trong ch MF, thp C-02 c a vo thu hi Bupro. Nhm tn thu bupro v tch mt t metan, etan cn li, dng kh t V-03 c a n thp C-01 tch trit lng metan, etan. Dng lng t thit b V-03 c a n thp C-01 sau khi c gia nhit t 20 C ln 800C ti thit b E-04A/B nh dng lng ra t thp n nh C-02.
0
C 3 dng nguyn liu c a n thp C-01: Dng kh n t V-03 vo gia a th 2 v 3 ca thp C-01 Dng lng t V-03 vo a th 20 ca thp C-01 Dng lng n t y C-05 vo a trn cng ca thp C-01 Ti y cc hydrocacbon nh nh C 1, C2 c tch ra v i ln nh thp, sau n c nn t 25 bar ln 47 bar nh my nn K-01 trc khi c dn qua ng dn kh thng phm. Phn lng ra t y thp C-01 c a n thp C-02. Thp C-02 lm vic p sut 11 bar, nhit nh 60 0C v nhit y 1540C. Ti y C5+ c tch ra y thp, sau chng c dn qua thit b trao i nhit E-04A/B gia nhit cho dng lng ra t y V-03. Sau khi ra khi E-04A/B lng lng ny c a n lm lnh ti thit b trao i nhit bng khng kh E-09 trc khi a ra ng ng hoc ra bn cha condensat TK-21.
Phn hi ra khi nh thp C-02 l Bupro, hi Bupro c ngng t ti E02, mt phn c cho hi lu tr li C-02 m bo phn tch ca sn phm, phn cn li theo ng ng dn sn phm Bupro.
S m t ch cng ngh MF
ti: Nh My Ch Bin Kh Dinh C - GVHD: L Th Kim Huyn Trang 30 /41
3.2.3. Ch GPP 3.2.3.1. Mc ch. Trong ch vn hnh ny sn phm thu c ca nh my bao gm: khong 3,34 triu m3 kh/ngy cung cp cho cc nh my in, Propan khong 540 tn/ngy, Butan khong 415 tn/ngy v lng Condensat khong 400 tn/ngy. 3.2.3.2. Cc thit b chnh. y l ch hon thin ca nh my ch bin kh. Ch ny bao gm cc thit b ca ch MF v cng thm mt s cc thit b chnh sau: Mt thp tch C3/C4 : C-03 Mt thp Stripper : C-04 Hai my nn K-02, K-03 Thit b Turbo expander: CC-01 Cc thit b trao i nhit: E-17, E-11 3.2.3.3. M t ch vn hnh GPP. Kh t ngoi khi vo nh my c tip nhn u tin ti Slug Catcher (SC01/02), y dng nguyn liu l dng hai pha c nhit 25,6 oC v p sut 109 bar c tch ring ra x l tip theo. Dng kh t Slug Catcher qua V-08 tch nt phn lng cn li, lng lng tch ra ny c a n bnh tch V-03 x l, cn dng kh tch ra t V-08 s i vo V06A/B tch tch nc. Do ch ny thit b Turbo Expander c a vo hot ng thay th E-20 trong ch MF, nn khong 2/3 lng kh ra khi V-06A/B c chuyn ti phn gin n ca thit b CC-01, ti kh c gin t 109 bar xung 33,5 bar v nhit cng gim xung -18oC, sau dng kh ny s c a vo thp tinh lc C-05. Phn kh cn li khong 1/3 dng t V-06A/B c a ti thit b trao i nhit E-14 lm lnh dng kh t 26 oC xung - 35oC bi dng kh lnh t nh thp C-05 c nhit 42.5oC. p sut ca dng sau c gim t 109 bar xung 33,5 bar nh van gim p FV-1001. Sau qu trnh gin n on nhit ny, nhit gim xung
ti: Nh My Ch Bin Kh Dinh C - GVHD: L Th Kim Huyn Trang 31 /41
n -62oC. Dng ny c a vo nh ca thp tinh lc C-05 nh mt dng hi lu ngoi nh thp. Trong ch GPP, thp C-05 lm vic p sut 33,5 bar, nhit nh -42.5 oC v nhit y -20oC. Kh ra khi nh thp C-05 c nhit -42.5 oC c s dng lm lnh kh u vo thng qua thit b trao i nhit E-14 trc khi c nn ra dng kh thng phm bng phn nn ca CC-01. Qu trnh thu hi lng trong ch ny c khc bit so vi ch AMF v ch MF do s c mt ca thp C-04 v cc my nn K-02, K-03. Kh thot ra t nh thp C-01 c my nn K-01 nn t 29 bar ln 47 bar ri tip tc c lm lnh trong thit b trao i nhit E-08 vi tc nhn lnh l dng lng ra t V-03 c nhit l 20oC v c hai dng ny vo thp C-04 tch nc v hydrocacbon nh ln trong dng lng n t V-03. Thp C-04 lm vic p sut 47,5bar, nhit nh v y ln lt l 44 oC v 40 C. Kh sau khi ra khi thit b C-04 c nn tip ti p sut 75 bar bng my nn K-02 ri c lm lnh bng thit b trao i nhit bng khng kh E-19. Lng kh ny c trn ln vi lng kh thot ra t V-03, c nn tip ti 109 bar bng my nn K-03, chng tip tc c lm lnh v nhp vo dng kh nguyn liu trc V-08.
o
Phn lng i ra t y thp C-04 c a n a th 14 ca thp C-01 v dng lng i ra t thp C-05 c a n a th nht ca thp C-01 ng vai tr nh dng hi lu ngoi nh thp. Trong ch ny, thp C-01 lm vic p sut 29 bar, nhit nh 14 oC v nhit y 109oC. Sn phm y ca thp C-01 c thnh phn ch yu l C 3+ s c a n thp C-02 (p sut lm vic ca thp C-02 l 11 bar, nhit nh 55 oC v nhit y 134oC) tch ring condeasat v Bupro. Sn phm nh ca thp C-02 l bupro c tin hnh ngng t hon ton nhit 43oC trong thit b ngng t bng khng kh E-02, sau c a ti bnh hi lu V-02 c dng nm ngang. Mt phn Bupro c bm tr li thp C-02 hi lu bng bm P-01A/B, p sut ca bm c th b p c s chnh p sut lm vic ca thp C-02 (11bar) v thp C-03 (16 bar). Phn bupro cn li c gia nhit n 60 oC trong thit b gia nhit E-17 trc khi cp cho thp C-03 bng dng lng nng t y thp C03. Sn phm y ca thp C-02 chnh l condensat thng phm c a ra bn cha hoc dn ra ng ng vn chuyn condensat v kho cng Th Vi.
Nh ni trn dng nguyn liu vo thp C-03 l Bupro, ti y chng c tch ring ra. Sn phm nh thp C-03 l hi Propan c ngng t hon ton nhit 46oC nh thit b trao i nhit bng khng kh E-11 c lp ti nh C-03 v c a ti thit b cha hi lu V-05 c dng nm ngang. Phn propan lng ny c bm bng cc my bm, mt phn propan thng phm c tch ra bng thit b iu khin mc v chng c a ti ng ng dn propan hoc b cha propan V-21A. Phn cn li c a tr li thp C-03 nh mt dng hi lu ngoi nh thp. Ti y thp C-03, thit b trao i nhit bng du nng E-10 c lp t c tc dng nh ni ti un gia nhit cho dng butan n 97 oC. Nhit ca n c iu khin bi van TV-2123 t trn ng dn du nng. Mt phn dng butan c hi lu li thp C-03, phn cn li c a ra bn cha hoc a n kho cng Th Vi sau khi c gim nhit n 60oC bng thit b trao i nhit E-17 v n 45 oC bng thit b trao i nhit E-12.
3.3
ng hnh m Bch H vi lu lng u vo l 4,3 triu m 3/ngy v p sut kh u vo l 109 bar. Tuy nhin, t cui nm 2001, lng kh vn chuyn theo ng ng dn kh Bch H Dinh C tng t 4,3 triu m 3/ngy ln 5,7 triu m3/ngy do c thm ng ng dn kh t m Rng ng ni vo. Nh vy, lng kh tip nhn nh my x l kh Dinh C s tng thm khong 1 triu m 3/ngy. Vic tng lu lng kh dn vo b gy nn s st p ng k trn ng ng dn kh vo b v p sut ti u tip nhn kh ca nh my gim t 109 bar xung khong t 60 80 bar. p sut kh u vo thp s lm gim kh nng ngng t ca cc cu t nng dn ti gim kh nng thu hi sn phm lng ca nh my, ng thi lm gim p sut ca dng kh kh cung cp cho nh my in. khc phc vn ny, nh my tin hnh lp t thm trm nn kh u vo nn kh u vo ln p sut 109 bar theo ng thit k ban u. Trm nn kh u vo ca nh my x l kh Dinh C gm 4 my nn kh K1011A/B/C/D: 3 my hot v 1 my d phng to s linh ng v cng sut vn hnh v cng sut d phng. M t ch GPP chuyn i. Cc thit b ch ny gm ton b cc thit b ca ch GPP v thm trm nn kh u vo K-1011A/B/C/D v bnh tch V-101. Kh ng hnh t m Bch H vi lu lng 6 triu m 3 kh/ngy i vo h thng Slug Catcher tch Condensat v nc trong iu kin p sut 65 80 bar nhit 25 n 300C tu theo nhit mi trng. Tip theo hn hp kh c chia thnh hai dng: Dng th nht khong 1 triu m3/ngy c a qua van gim p PV-106 gim p sut t 65-80 bar n p sut 54 bar v i vo thit b tch lng V-101. Lng
c tch ra ti y bnh V-101 c a vo thit b V-03 ch bin su. Kh i ra t bnh tch V-101 c a vo h thng ng ng dn kh thng phm 16 cung cp cho cc nh my in. Dng kh chnh khong 5 triu m 3 kh/ngy c a vo trm nn kh u vo K-1011 A/B/C/D (3 my hot ng 1 my d phng) nn dng kh t 65-80 bar ln 109 bar sau qua thit b lm ngui bng khng kh E-1011 lm ngui dng kh ra khi my nn n nhit khong 400C. Dng kh ny i vo thit b tch lc V-08 tch lng lng cn li trong kh v lc bi bn. Sau c a vo thit b hp th V-06A/B tch trit nc nhm trnh hin tng to thnh hydrate trong qu trnh lm lnh su. Dng kh ra khi thit b V-06A/B c tch thnh hai dng: Khong mt phn ba dng kh ban u qua thit b trao i nhit E-14 h nhit t 26,5oC xung - 35o C vi tc nhn lnh l dng kh kh n t nh thp C05 vi nhit l - 45oC. Tip theo dng kh nng ra khi E-14 c lm lnh su bng cch gim p qua van FV-1001. Ap sut gim t 109 bar xung 37 bar (bng p sut lm vic ca nh thp C-05) ko theo nhit gim xung -62 0C v c a vo a trn cng ca thp tinh ct C-05, ng vai tr nh dng hi lu ngoi nh thp. Hai phn ba dng kh cn li c a vo thit b CC-01 thc hin vic gim p t 109 bar xung 37 bar v nhit gim xung -12oC. Dng kh lnh ny sau tip tc a vo y ca thp tinh ct C-05. Thp tinh ct C-05 hot ng p sut 37 bar, nhit nh thp v y thp tng ng l -45 oC v -15oC, ti y kh (ch yu l metan v etan) c tch ra ti nh thp C-05. Thnh phn lng ch yu l Propan v cc cu t nng hn c tch ta ti y thp.
Hn hp kh ra t nh ca thp tinh ct c nhit -45 oC c s dng lm tc nhn lnh cho thit b trao i nhit E-14 v sau c nn ti p sut 54 bar trong phn nn ca thit b CC-01. Hn hp kh i ra t thit b ny l kh thng phm c a vo h thng ng ng 16 n cc nh my in. Hn hp lng i ra t y thp tinh ct c a vo nh thp C-01 nh dng hi lu ngoi. Thp C-01, hot ng p sut 27,5bar v nhit y thp l 109 0C. Ti thp C-01, cc hydrocacbon nh nh metan, etan c tch ra t hn hp ri i ln nh thp vo bnh tch V-12 tch lng c trong kh, sau c my nn K-01 nn t p sut 27,5 bar ln p sut 47,5 bar. Hn hp kh t my nn K-01 tip tc c i vo E 08 sau vo thp C-04 (hin nay cc thit b ny khng hot ng do bnh tch V-03 phi gim p vn hnh t 75 bar theo thit k xung cn 47 bar m bo ch bin c lng lng t V-101. Do lng lng t y bnh tch V-03 c a trc tip qua E-04A/B m khng i vo thit b trao i nhit E-08 nh thit k). Kh sau c nn n 75 bar nh my nn K-02 ri li tip tc a vo thit b trao i nhit E-19 bng vic s dng dng tc nhn lnh l khng kh. Dng kh t E-19 c a vo my nn K-03 nn ti p sut 109 bar ri lm lnh trong thit b trao i nhit E-13, dng kh ny sau c a ti thit b V-08 nh l nguyn liu u vo. Thp tch etan C-01 l thit b tch dng thp loi a van, hot ng nh mt thit b chng ct. Dng lng i ra t y ca thp C-01 tip tc c a qua bnh n nh V-15 sau ti thp C-02. Ti thp C-02 vi p sut hot ng l 10,2 bar, nhit y thp c duy tr 1350C nh Reboiler E-03, nhit nh thp 560C, bupro c tch ra nh thp, cn Condensat c tch ra y thp. Bupro t nh thp C-02 c a vo thit b lm lnh E-02, sau c a vo bnh tch V-02. Dng lng t bnh tch V-02 c
ti: Nh My Ch Bin Kh Dinh C - GVHD: L Th Kim Huyn Trang 37 /41
bm P-01A/B bm hi lu 1 phn ti nh thp v phn cn li theo ng ng dn sn phm bupro n bn cha V-21 A/B hoc n kho cng Th Vi. Phn lng ti y thp C-02 l Condensat c h nhit xung 60 0C nh thit b trao i nhit E-04 A/B v xung 450C nh thit b E-09 v sau c a ti bn cha Condensat TK21 hoc ng ng dn Condensat ti kho cng Th Vi. Condensat (sau khi tch nc ti Slug Catcher) c tch ra trong Slug Catcher c a vo thit b V-03 hot ng p sut 47 bar v nhit 20 0C tch cc cu t kh nh b hp th trong hn hp lng ny bng cch gin n v gim p. T thit b V-03, Condensat c dn ti thit b trao i nhit E-04 ( tn dng nhit nng t y Reboiller E-03) sau i vo a th 20 ca thp C-01.
Cc cng tc phng chy cha chy phi c t ln hng u. H thng phng chy cha chy lun c kim tra v trang thi sn sng hot ng trong mi tnh hung.
Kt Lun
Trong qu trnh lm tiu lun v cng ngh ch bin kh trong nh my Dinh C, chng ti phn no lm r v cng ngh ch bin kh ca nh my x l kh Dinh C. Qua bi tiu lun chng ti phn no hiu c nguyn l vn hnh ca nh my. Nhn thy rng vai tr ca nh my x l kh Dinh C, tm quan trng ca vic pht trin nng lng kh ni ring. Qua bi tiu lun ny, gip nhm chng ti hiu bit c quy trnh, v nh my nhiu hn. Gip chng ti cng cng c thm c vn kin thc ca mnh. Cui cng chng ti xin cm n c L Th Kim Huyn gip chng ti hon thnh bi tiu lun ny.