H Ni 03/2012

THIT K KT CU LI-VCH
BTCT
TS. CAO DUY KHI
VIN KHOA HC CNG NGH XY DNG
VIN KHOA HC CNG NGH XY DNG
IBST WEBSITE: IBST.VN
TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI
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Vin k hc n x y d n g
NI DUNG
Thit k kt cu li-vch
4
Cng nng ca li-vch
1
B tr li-vch trn mt bng
2
ng x ca kt cu vch
3
Cu to
5
1. Cng nng ca li-vch

Vch l cu kin chu lc theo phng ngang v

phng thng ng, lm tng cng theo
phng ngang ca cng trnh. Vch thng c
dng tm phng mng.

Li l kt cu chu lc c t hp theo cc dng

khc nhau t cc vch.

Kt cu li-vch c ngha c bit quan trng

trong nh cao tng, v n gnh chu phn ln cc
ti trng nguy him nh Gi v ng t. Do ,
cn thit k li-vch (b tr, tnh ton v cu to)
mt cch hp l.

Khng gian bn trong li cng thng c b

tr h thng giao thng theo phng ng nh
thang my, thang b.
2. B tr li-vch trn mt bng

Trong khi ti trng thng ng ca nh cao tng c

th coi l tng u theo chiu cao, ti trng ngang
(gi v ng t) tng nhanh theo chiu cao.

Khi chiu cao nh tng, m bo bn, cng

v n nh, c hai bin php c bn nh sau:

Tng tit din cc cu kin chu lc tha mn cc

iu kin trn. Cch tip cn ny c th dn n vic
hao ph vt liu, nh hng ln n kin trc v i khi
phi thc t.

Chn la hnh dng ca kt cu sao cho n cng hn,

n nh hn m khng hao ph thm nhiu vt liu.
La chn v tr li-vch l mt yu t cu thnh ht sc
quan trng ca cch tip cn ny. Thng thng, trong
thit k nh cao tng, vic la chn hnh dng kt cu
c ngha ch o. La chn hp l l m bo cho
vic thit k chun xc v gim thiu chi ph xy lp.
B tr li-vch trn mt bng
B tr
hp l
1
Gim thiu xon ca kt cu
2
Tng cng cng ngang v n
nh ca kt cu
3
Gim m men un v lc ct trong mt
phng sn
4 Tn dng kh nng lm vic ca vch
5 i xng
B tr li-vch trn mt bng
cng chng xon tt do vch
b tr i xng, khng lch tm.
cng theo phng ngang c
m bo bi vch v h khung.
Li c b tr chu un theo c
hai phng. cng chng xon
thp do lch tm ln.
Li c b tr chu un theo c
hai phng. cng chng xon
cao do li b tr i xng, khng
lch tm.
Gim thiu lch tm trn mt bng
Gim m men un v lc ct trong mt
phng sn
Gim m men un v lc ct trong mt
phng sn
V d 1: Keangnam Landmark Tower

Hotel tower:
76 tng, cao
khong 300m

Residential
tower: 48 tng,
cao khong
200m
Hotel Tower
Mt bng tng in hnh
Hotel Tower
Hotel Tower
T1=8.8 sec T2=4.52 sec T3=3.37 sec
Keangnam Residential tower
Residential A v B Mt bng tng in hnh
Keangnam Residential tower
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
Chiu caoHeight 818m
S tng 162 (s du ng chinh thc)
206 (bao gm cac tng ky
thut)
Chiu r ng chn

150 m
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
Kt cu dng King ba
chn:
Mt li 6 cnh gia,
chng 3 chn sang 3
hng i xng nhau. 3
chn ny c m bo
cng ngoi mt phng bng
cc sn ngang. Li 6 cnh
kt hp vi 3 chn king v
5 tng outriggers to ra
cng ngang v chng
xon ln.
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
02-2006
08-2006
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
01-2007
01-2010
Burj Khalifa - Dubai
Bitexco Financial Tower (BFT) TP HCM

Khnh thnh ngy

31/10/2010 ti qun 1, TP
HCM

Ta thp cao th nh Vit

Nam

68 tng, cao 262 m; Khi

cao 6 tng; 3 tng
hm;

Sn trc thng trn

tng 52;

Kt cu khng i xng;
mt bng cc tng thay
i khng ging nhau;
Bitexco Financial Tower Tng trt
BFT Mt bng tng 30 v 50
Tng 30 Tng 50
B tr li-vch trn mt bng
B tr
hp l
1
Gim thiu xon ca kt cu
2
Tng cng cng ngang v n
nh ca kt cu
3
Gim m men un v lc ct trong mt
phng sn
4 Tn dng kh nng lm vic ca vch
5 i xng
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
3.1. Vch c th quan nim l dng kt cu g?
Tm mng, hay ct mnh?
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
3.1. Vch c th quan nim l dng kt cu g?
Tm mng, hay khung?
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
3.2. Vch n, khung n v h khung-vch
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
3.2. Vch n, khung n v h khung-vch
26.73 cm
Vch dy = 15 cm
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
15.97 cm
Tit din dm = 60 cm x 30 cm
Tit din ct = 50 cm x 50 cm
3.2. Vch n, khung n v h khung-vch
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
5.14 cm
3.2. Vch n, khung n v h khung-vch
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
Stiffkhung +Stiffvch Stiffkhung-vch
Tm coi cng theo phng ngang (Stiff) ca
kt cu bng Lc/chuyn v, ta c:
Stiffvch = 200/26.73= 7.5
Stiffkhung = 200/15.97= 12.5
Stiffkhung-vch = 200/5.14= 38.9
3.2. Vch n, khung n v h khung-vch
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang
3.3. Ni lc no l nguy him?
3. ng x ca vch chu ti trng ngang

Kch thc hnh hc v cc l ca nh hng ln n

ng x ca vch khi chu ti trng ngang. Trong nhiu
trng hp c th a vch v dng kt cu n gin
nh ct (dm consol) hoc khung.

ng x ca vch n khc ng x ca h khung-vch.

Quan nim cng vch n + cng khung = cng
h khung-vch khng tin cy.

Cn xem xt s lm vic ca vch trong c h kt cu

m n l mt b phn cu thnh. Vic tch ring h
thng vch tnh ton (quan nim vch chu ton b ti
trng ngang) c th dn ti sai s ln v hao ph vt
liu.
4. Thit k kt cu li-vch
V c bn, thit k kt cu li-vch bao gm 4 bc:
1. B tr li-vch trn mt bng, chn la kch thc s b
(thng do quyt nh khu kin trc).
2. Tnh ton gi tr ni lc (hoc ng sut) thit k trong
kt cu li-vch bng cc bin php m hnh ha kt
cu khc nhau trn chng trnh my tnh.
3. Tnh ton kh nng chu lc ca kt cu li-vch theo
kt qu ni lc (hoc ng sut) nhn c t bc 1.
4. t ct thp theo tnh ton, c k n cc yu cu cu
to ring.
4. Thit k kt cu li-vch
M hnh ha kt cu li-vch
I. M hnh ha vch cng v dng khung:
I. 1. a vch v cu kin ct vi cng tng ng
(quy i theo c trng tit din, hoc da trn chuyn v).
Cn c cch m phng im ni gia dm v vch.
I. 2. S dng m hnh gin o
II. S dng phng php phn t hu hn tnh
kt cu li-vch cng nh cc phn t dng tm
(shell hoc membrane).
Mc tiu: Tnh ton gi tr ni lc (hoc ng sut) trong
kt cu li-vch phc v thit k.
Cch thc:
M hnh ha kt cu li-vch
I. 1. a vch v cu kin ct vi cng tng ng
Vng c ng

Tng c m phng bng

ct c tit din B x t

Ct lin kt vi cc dm ngang
bng cc vng cng.
B
H
t
B
Ph ng
tc ng
c a l c
t
B
H
2t
t
H
M hnh ha kt cu li-vch
I. 2. S dng m hnh gin o (Strut and Tie model)
M hnh ha kt cu li-vch
II. S dng phng php phn t hu hn tnh ni
lc (hoc ng sut) trong li-vch cng
M hnh ha kt cu li-vch
Thc t thit k:

Vic s dng cc chng trnh tnh ton chuyn nghip

(ETABS, SAP 2000, MIDAS, ) l rt ph bin v c
th coi l bt buc.

Cc chng trnh ny cho php k n s lm vic

ng thi ca vch v cc kt cu khc nh ct, sn,
dm. Vch c m t nh cc phn t dng tm (shell
hoc membrane). Li c m t bng t hp ca cc
n nguyn vch.

a s cc chng trnh tnh ton ph bin cho php

xut ni lc (N, M, V) cho n nguyn vch. Vic tnh
ton ng sut trong vch l c th, tuy nhin kh phc
tp v t thy trn thc t.
Tnh ton ct thp vch theo ACI 318-08
Vch c thit k chu cc tc ng sau:
1. Nn + Un (axial load + flexure) trong v ngoi mt
phng vch
2. Ct (shear)
Vic tnh ton chu ct cho vch theo ACI 318 kh n
gin. V c bn, vic tnh ton chu ct bng tay v s
dng chng trnh tnh ton cho kt qu tng t nh
nhau.
Tnh ton vch chu Nn + un phc tp hn. Bn cnh
cc phng php do ACI 318 ngh, c nhng phng
php khc c s dng trong cc chng trnh tnh ton
nh ETABS, chng hn phng php Vng bin chu m
men.
S lc v ACI 318-08
1. Cc t hp tnh ton (ACI 318-08, 9.2):
Design strength > required strength:
Mu, Vu, Pu Ni lc tnh ton
Mn, Vn, Pn Kh nng chu ti ca cu kin
S lc v ACI 318-08
Tnh ton ct thp vch theo ACI 318-08

fc - cng chu nn c trng ca mu tr 150x300

mm. fc,min= 17 MPa.

fy - Cng chy do ca ct thp theo TC M.

Ag Din tch tit din vch theo phng ngang.

l = H s ct thp ng = As,v/Ag

t = H s ct thp ngang = As,h/Ag

lc = Chiu cao vch o t tm ti tm hai u gi .

h = B dy vch

hw = Chiu cao vch

lw = Chiu di vch

Mcr = M men gy nt
K hiu s dng:
Thit k vch chu nn-un
ACI 318-08, chng 14 gii thiu 03 phng
php:

1. Thit k vch nh cu kin chu nn

(compression members). Thng s dng biu
tng tc, ging thit k ct.

2. Phng php thc nghim (c mt s gii

hn s dng) Empirical design method

3. Phng php thit k vch mnh (c mt s

gii hn s dng) alternative design of
slender walls
Thit k vch nh cu kin chu nn

Vch c thit k nh cu kin chu nn (compression

members) thng thng (ging thit k ct), c k n nh
hng ca mnh (ACI 318, chng 10).

Cn tnh ton vch nh cu kin chu nn lch tm xin: Nn

+ un trong mt phng vch + un ngoi mt phng vch.

C th s dng biu tng tc hoc s dng chng trnh

tnh ton.

Vic tnh ton vch nh cu kin chu nn lch tm xin l

phc tp. Tuy nhin c nhiu chng trnh tnh ton h tr tt
yu cu ny, v d ETABS, CSI COLUMN)

Ngoi cc yu cu cu to i vi cu kin chu nn thng

thng, cn m bo cc yu cu v cu to i vi vch theo
ACI 318, chng 14 v yu cu khng chn, chng 21.
Thit k vch nh cu kin chu nn
Thit k ct
Phng php thc nghim - Empirical Design
Method ACI 318-08, 14.5
Cc gii hn cho vic p dng:

Ch p dng cho vch c tit din ch nht c ;

dy ca vch tha mn cc iu kin sau:

h (lc hoc lw gia cc gi )/25
100 mm cho tng chu lc
190 mm i vi tng tng hm ngoi hay tng mng

lch tm ca hp lc cc ti trng tnh ton h/6

h
Pu
e h/6
h/6
Sc chu ti thit k:
= 0.65
k - h s di hu hiu (effective length factor)

Vch ngm ti hai u k = 0.8

Vch kha khp ti hai u k = 1.0

Vch khng ging (t do mt u) k = 2.0

Phng php thc nghim - Empirical Design
Method ACI 318-08, 14.5

Phng php ny ch yu p dng cho nhng tng

ngn chu ti thng ng.
1
_

1

,
1
]
2
0 55 1
32
c
n c g u
k
P . f A P
h

l
Phng php thit k vch mnh
Dnh cho vch mnh theo phng ngoi mt phng, chu
ti trng ngang vung gc vi mt phng vch.
Khi thit k vch mnh theo phng ngoi mt phng m
ph hoi l do (tension controlled), cn tun theo mc
10.10 ca ACI 318 (K n nh hng ca mnh)

Pu/Ag 0.06f c ti tit din gia chiu

cao

Dng ph hoi ca vch l do

(tension-controlled)

Mn Mcr

Cc v tr t lc P tha mn iu kin
nh trn hnh
P

L
a
t
e
r
a
l

L
o
a
d

Nhn xt v thit k vch chu nn
un theo ACI 318

Trong 3 phng php c ACI 318 gii thiu,

thit k vch nh cu kin chu nn (compression
members) l ph bin v c p dng rng ri
trong cc chng trnh tnh ton quen thuc nh
ETABS, MIDAS, STAAD PRO Hai phng
php cn li kh n gin, mang tnh cht thay
th, tuy nhin phm vi p dng tng i hn
hp.
Thit k vch chu ct
Cc k hiu s dng
Nu hw 2lw, ngoi
cch tnh chu ct
nh s trnh by
di, ACI 318 cho
php dng m hnh
gin o (strut-and-
tie model, ACI 318,
Appendix A). Trong
trng hp ny ct
thp chu ct ngang
v ng vn phi
tha mn cc iu
kin cu to trnh
by di y.
Thit k chu ct theo ACI 318-08
d = 0.8hw khong cch t th ngoi cng chu nn n
tm ct thp chu ko
Cho php ly gi tr ln hn theo bin dng tng thch
(strain compatibility)
= 0.75
+

0 83

u n
n c s
n c
V V
V V V
V . f hd

Kh nng chu ct ca b tng

i vi vch chu nn dc trc:
i vi vch chu ko dc trc:
Trong Nu m i vi lc ko; Gi tr Nu/Ag biu
din theo MPa;
H s b tng nh, ly bng 1 i vi b tng
nng.
Hoc, c th s dng gi tr nh hn trong hai gi tr sau:
Khi Mu/Vu-lw/2 m, khng c s dng phng trnh 2.

Khi Vu Vc/2, ct thp ngang chu ct t theo cu

to.

Khi Vu Vc/2, ct thp ngang chu ct cn tha mn

nhng iu kin sau:
Tnh ton ct thp ngang chu ct
( )

v y u c
s v
y
A f d V V s
V A
s f d

0 0025
5, 3 , 450 mm
v
t
w
A
.
hs
s h

l
Ct thp ng chu ct

Cc kt qu th nghim cho thy, i vi vch thp, ct

thp ng phn b u cng cn thit nh ct thp
ngang.
( )
_
+

,

1
1
0 0025 0 5 2 5 0 0025
0 0025
3, 3 , 450 mm
h w
t
w
w
A h
. . . .
hs
.
s h

l
l
l
Thit k vch cng chu nn un trong ETABS
Pier Pier
Spandrel
Pier
- Phng php n gin (simplified pier section);
- Phng php xy dng biu tng tc;
Thit k vch cng chu nn-un trong ETABS
Phng php n gin
Phng php ny gi thit m men un tc dng ln
vch tng ng vi cp ngu lc ngc chiu nhau
(ko v nn) tc dng ln hai vng bin ca vch. Nh
vy hai vng bin ca vch s chu hp lc ca ngu
lc do m men gy ra cng vi phn ti trng thng
ng tc dng ln hai vng bin ny.
Phn bng tng gia hai bin ch tnh ton mang phn
ti trng ng cn li (gm ti trng bn thn phn
bng tng v ti trng ngoi) v thng thng ct
thp vng ny c b tr theo cu to.
ETABS - Phng php n gin
( )
( )
-phai 1 trai - 1
di
phai
di
i phaid
-phai 1 trai - 1
di
trai -
di
di - trai
B B L
M
A
A
P
P
B B L
M
A
A
P
P
p
b
p
b
5 . 0 5 . 0
5 . 0 5 . 0



+

( )
phai trai
di
bung

b b
A A A
A
P
P
Quy trnh tnh ton trong ETABS:
1. Chn kch thc vng bin: Vng bin l hnh ch
nht c mt cnh bng b dy ca vch tp. Cnh cn
li thay i, ti vng lp u tin ly bng tp. Mi
vng lp tip theo tng dn 0.5tp cho n khi vt
qu 0.5Lp th dng li. Khi cn tng kch thc
vch.
2. Quy i gi tr m men v cp ngu lc tc dng ln
hai vng bin bng cch chia cho cnh tay n ca
lc.
3. Tnh ton kh nng chu lc ca hai vng bin v
vng bng vch nh trnh by di y.
ETABS - Phng php n gin
Lc ko ti vng bin (nu c) do ct thp chu:
Lc nn ti vng bin do b tng + thp chu. Vng
bin c tnh nh ct chu nn thng thng:
= 0.65 cho ct ai ngang
ETABS - Phng php n gin
b= 0.9
Hm lng ct thp gii hn mc nh trong ETABS:
- max = 4% i vi tit din chu nn.
= 6% i vi tit din chu ko
- min = 0.5%.
y b
st
f
P
A

5. Cu to vch BTCT
Hm lng ct thp ti thiu

Hm lng ct thp ng l 0.0015

Gim xung 0.0012 i vi ct thp D 16 v

fy 420 MPa

Hm lng ct thp ngang t 0.0025

Gim xung 0.0020 i vi ct thp D 16 v

fy 420 MPa

Vch dy hn 250 mm (tr tng tng hm) phi c

ti thiu 2 lp thp t song song mt vch.

Bc ct thp ng v ct thp ngang

3h

450 mm

Khng cn ct ai b quanh cc thanh ct ng nu

l 0.01
5. Cu to vch BTCT
Gia cng quanh l m

At least 2 No. 16 bars in

walls with 2 layers of
reinforcement in both
directions

At least 1 No. 16 bar in

walls with 1 layer of
reinforcement in both
directions

Anchored to develop fy
Cu to vch theo yu cu khng chn
i vi vch lin tc t mng n nh nh, hai vng bin
ca vch (boundary elements) cn c tng cng thp
nu:
Trong c khong cch t th chu nn ngoi cng n trc
trung ha;
u/hw 0.007, trong u chuyn v thit k.
Ct thp ca vng bin cn ko di theo phng thng ng
t tit din nguy him mt khong cch bng gi tr ln hn
gia lw v Mu/4Vu.
Cu to vch theo yu cu khng chn
Hai vng bin ca vch (boundary elements) cng cn c
tng cng thp nu ng sut nn ln nht vt qu 0.2fc:
0.2fc
Hai vng bin ca vch (boundary elements) c th khng
cn nu ng sut nn ln nht nh hn 0.15fc.
Hai vng bin ca vch (boundary elements) cn m rng ti
thiu vo pha trong mt khong cch c - 0.1lw hoc c/2.
Ct ai ca vng bin tun th cc yu cu cu to i vi ct
BTCT theo ACI 318-08, mc 21.6.4.2 n 21.6.4.4
Coupling beam (spandrel)
Coupling beam (spandrel)
Lintel beam (Spandrel) - Keangnam
Lintel beam (Spandrel) - Keangnam
Ti liu tham kho
1. ACI 318m-08.
2. BS 8110-97
3. EC 1992-1
4. Arthur H. Nilson., David Darwin, Charles W. Dolan. Design of concrete structures.
14th edition. Mc Graw Hill, 2011.
5. Bungale S. Taranath. Reinforced concrete design of tall buildings. CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group, 2010.
6. David Darwin. Bi ging kha tp hun ACI-318 ti IBST, 12/2011.
7. Design of shear wall buildings. CIRIA Report, 1984.
8. ETABS 9.7 Shear wall design manual.
9. Naveed Anwar. Behavior, modeling and design of shear wall frame systems.
ACECOMS, AIT, Thailand.
10. Nguyn i Minh. Bi ging v ACI 318, 2011.
11. Nguyn Hong Dip. Tnh ton vch cng v nghin cu s n nh ca vch
cng trung gian trong li cng nh cao tng. Lun vn Thc s.
12. 4.19-05.
. , 2005.
Thank You !
VIN KHOA HC CNG NGH XY DNG
IBST WEBSITE: IBST.VN
TRNG I HC KIN TRC H NI
HAU WEBSITE: HAU.EDU.VN
















Vin k hc n x y d n g