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BI HO HIDROCACBON 7 CCH GII

L Thanh Phong
Lp Ha 2010A - HSP Hu
Hin nay mn Ho trong trng ph thng c rt nhiu phng php gii hay nhanh. Nhiu bi Ho
kinh in c trnh lng nh b i ca thy Sao bng lnh gi ( V Khc Ngc ).... Bi vit ny hy
vng c gp mt phn nh trong s pht trin ca mn Ho trong trng ph thng.. y cng l bi
vit u tay ca mnh , rt mong nhn c s ng h , ng gp kin ca qu bn c , thy c v
nhng ai yu Ho..
Bi ton : Cho hn hp A gm anken X v H2 qua Ni ung nng , thu c hn hp B gm 2 kh. Bit
B khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom. T khi ca A v B so vi H2 ln lt l 6 v 8 . Xc nh CTPT
ca X v thnh phn phn trm th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A..
S phn ng :
CnH2n
( x mol )
H2
( y mol )
--------------------MA= 6.2= 12


Ni,to

CnH2n+2
B khng lm mt mu Brom .
( x mol )
B l hn hp ca ankan v H2 d
H2 d
Anken X phn ng ht
( y-x mol )
--------------------MB= 8.2= 16

CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2
x mol x
x mol
Cch 1 : Bo ton khi lng + Khi lng mol trung bnh :
mA= mB 6.2 ( x + y ) = 8.2 ( x+y - x ) 6 ( x + y ) = 8y y = 3x
14nx +2 y
= 12
x+y

MA =

14nx = 12x + 10y = 42x 14n = 42 n = 3

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .


Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
Hoc :
MB =

(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
=
= 16
x + y x
x

14nx = 14y = 42x 14n= 42 n = 3

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .

Cch 2 : Khi lng mol trung bnh :

14nx +2 y
= 12 14nx + 2y = 12x + 12y 14nx = 12x + 10y ( 1 )
x+y
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
MB =
=
= 16 14nx = 14y ( 2 )
x + y x
x

MA =

Gii ( 1 ) & ( 2 ) 12x + 10y = 14y y = 3x.


Thay y = 3x vo ( 2 ) ta c n = 3. CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

Cch 3 : Hiu 2 t khi + Khi lng mol trung bnh + Bo ton khi lng :
-1-

dB/H2 - dA/H2 = 2 1/2 ( MA - MB ) = 2

(14nx + 2 y )

x
=4
y( x + y)

14nx +2 y
= 12
x+y

MA =

mB
mA
1
1
= 4 (14nx + 2 y )( y x + y ) = 4
nA
nB

14nx + 2 y x
. =4
y( x + y) y

12.

x
=4
y

x
1
=
y
3

y = 3x.

14nx = 12x + 10y = 42x 14n = 42 n = 3

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .


Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )
Hoc :
MB =

(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
=
= 16
x + y x
x

14nx = 14y = 42x 14n= 42 n = 3

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .

( Ngoi ra bn cng c th tm ra y = 3x vi phng php tng 2 t khi bng cch tng t )...
Cch 4 : Hiu 2 t khi + Bo ton khi lng + S ng cho :
mB
mA
1
1
dB/H2 - dA/H2 = 2 1/2 ( MA - MB ) = 2
= 4 (14nx + 2 y )( y x + y ) = 4
nA
nB

(14nx + 2 y )

x
=4
y( x + y)

S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n

14nx + 2 y x
. =4
y( x + y) y

10

nCn H 2 n
nH 2

MA = 12
H2

14n - 12

12.

x
=4
y

x
1
=
y
3

y = 3x.

10
x 1
= =
n=3
14n 12 y 3

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .


Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

Hoc :
CnH2n+2

14n + 2

14

nCn H 2 n +2
nH 2

MB = 16
H2

14
x
1
=
= n=3
14n 14 y x 2

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .


14n - 14

Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

Cch 5 : Bo ton khi lng + S ng cho :


mA= mB 6.2 ( x + y ) = 8.2 ( x+y - x ) 6 ( x + y ) = 8y y = 3x
S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n

10

nCn H 2 n
nH 2

MA = 12
H2

10
x 1
= =
n=3
14n 12 y 3

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .


14n - 12

Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

Hoc :
-2-

CnH2n+2 14n + 2

14

nCn H 2 n +2
nH 2

MB = 16
H2

14
x
1
=
= n=3
14n 14 y x 2

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .

14n - 14

Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

Cch 6 : Khi lng mol trung bnh + S ng cho :


Bn c th chn 1 trong 2 cch nh sau :

MA =
12y

14nx +2 y
= 12
x +y

14nx = 14y ( 3 )

14nx = 12x + 10y ( 1 )

S ng cho :
CnH2n+2 14n + 2

(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
=
= 16
x + y x
x

14nx + 2y = 12x + MB =

S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n

14
MB = 16

H2

nC n H 2 n + 2
nH 2

MA = 12
14n - 14

14
x
=
(2)
14n 14 y x

( 1 ) & ( 2 ) 14nx = 12x + 10y = 14y


n = 3.
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .
Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

H2

nCn H 2 n
nH 2

14

nC n H 2 n + 2
nH 2

MB = 16
2

nH 2

10
x
= (4)
14n 12 y

10
x
=
(1)
14n 12 y

14n - 12

CnH2n+2 14n + 2

H2

nCn H 2 n

14n - 12

Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

MA = 12
2

y = 3x ( 3 ) & ( 4 ) 14y = 12x + 10y y = 3x


n = 3.
CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .

Cch 7 : S ng cho ( qu tuyt ) :


CnH2n 14n
10

H2

10

14n - 14

( 1) & ( 2 )

14
x
=
(2)
14n 14 y x

14n 14 14n 12
=
1
14
10

CTPT ca anken X l C3H6 .

Trong A ( % Vanken= 25 , % VH2 = 75 )

-3-

n=3

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