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L Thanh Phong
Lp Ha 2010A - HSP Hu
Hin nay mn Ho trong trng ph thng c rt nhiu phng php gii hay nhanh. Nhiu bi Ho
kinh in c trnh lng nh b i ca thy Sao bng lnh gi ( V Khc Ngc ).... Bi vit ny hy
vng c gp mt phn nh trong s pht trin ca mn Ho trong trng ph thng.. y cng l bi
vit u tay ca mnh , rt mong nhn c s ng h , ng gp kin ca qu bn c , thy c v
nhng ai yu Ho..
Bi ton : Cho hn hp A gm anken X v H2 qua Ni ung nng , thu c hn hp B gm 2 kh. Bit
B khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom. T khi ca A v B so vi H2 ln lt l 6 v 8 . Xc nh CTPT
ca X v thnh phn phn trm th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp A..
S phn ng :
CnH2n
( x mol )
H2
( y mol )
--------------------MA= 6.2= 12
Ni,to
CnH2n+2
B khng lm mt mu Brom .
( x mol )
B l hn hp ca ankan v H2 d
H2 d
Anken X phn ng ht
( y-x mol )
--------------------MB= 8.2= 16
CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2
x mol x
x mol
Cch 1 : Bo ton khi lng + Khi lng mol trung bnh :
mA= mB 6.2 ( x + y ) = 8.2 ( x+y - x ) 6 ( x + y ) = 8y y = 3x
14nx +2 y
= 12
x+y
MA =
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
=
= 16
x + y x
x
14nx +2 y
= 12 14nx + 2y = 12x + 12y 14nx = 12x + 10y ( 1 )
x+y
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
MB =
=
= 16 14nx = 14y ( 2 )
x + y x
x
MA =
Cch 3 : Hiu 2 t khi + Khi lng mol trung bnh + Bo ton khi lng :
-1-
(14nx + 2 y )
x
=4
y( x + y)
14nx +2 y
= 12
x+y
MA =
mB
mA
1
1
= 4 (14nx + 2 y )( y x + y ) = 4
nA
nB
14nx + 2 y x
. =4
y( x + y) y
12.
x
=4
y
x
1
=
y
3
y = 3x.
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
=
= 16
x + y x
x
( Ngoi ra bn cng c th tm ra y = 3x vi phng php tng 2 t khi bng cch tng t )...
Cch 4 : Hiu 2 t khi + Bo ton khi lng + S ng cho :
mB
mA
1
1
dB/H2 - dA/H2 = 2 1/2 ( MA - MB ) = 2
= 4 (14nx + 2 y )( y x + y ) = 4
nA
nB
(14nx + 2 y )
x
=4
y( x + y)
S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n
14nx + 2 y x
. =4
y( x + y) y
10
nCn H 2 n
nH 2
MA = 12
H2
14n - 12
12.
x
=4
y
x
1
=
y
3
y = 3x.
10
x 1
= =
n=3
14n 12 y 3
Hoc :
CnH2n+2
14n + 2
14
nCn H 2 n +2
nH 2
MB = 16
H2
14
x
1
=
= n=3
14n 14 y x 2
10
nCn H 2 n
nH 2
MA = 12
H2
10
x 1
= =
n=3
14n 12 y 3
Hoc :
-2-
CnH2n+2 14n + 2
14
nCn H 2 n +2
nH 2
MB = 16
H2
14
x
1
=
= n=3
14n 14 y x 2
14n - 14
MA =
12y
14nx +2 y
= 12
x +y
14nx = 14y ( 3 )
S ng cho :
CnH2n+2 14n + 2
(14n + 2) x + 2( y x) 14nx + 2 y
=
= 16
x + y x
x
14nx + 2y = 12x + MB =
S ng cho :
CnH2n 14n
14
MB = 16
H2
nC n H 2 n + 2
nH 2
MA = 12
14n - 14
14
x
=
(2)
14n 14 y x
H2
nCn H 2 n
nH 2
14
nC n H 2 n + 2
nH 2
MB = 16
2
nH 2
10
x
= (4)
14n 12 y
10
x
=
(1)
14n 12 y
14n - 12
CnH2n+2 14n + 2
H2
nCn H 2 n
14n - 12
MA = 12
2
H2
10
14n - 14
( 1) & ( 2 )
14
x
=
(2)
14n 14 y x
14n 14 14n 12
=
1
14
10
-3-
n=3