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THI TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG NM 2011
Mn thi : HA, khi A - M : 482
BI GII CA: Thc s : Nguyn Vn Ph : 098.92.92.117 hoc 01652.146.888
(mail: phueuro@gmail.com)
PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1 : t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit
oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam
kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u thay i nh th
no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam.
Gii:
Cch 1: Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta th Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u s gim ri, vn l gim 7,74 hay 7,38 gam m thi.
Cng thc chung ca cc cht trn l C
n
H
2n-2
O
2
do nu gi x l mol CO
2
, y l mol H
2
O
BTKL : 3,42 + 3/2y.32 = 44x + 18y . mt khc x = 0,18 ----> y = 0,18 ---> tng (CO
2
+H
2
O) =10,62< 18
gam kt ta nn dd gim 7,38gam => D ng.
Cch 2: m cch 1 kh hiu qu nh??? xem cch ny th sao???
Gi ctc ca hn hp v pt t chy hh nh sau
2 2 2 2
2 2
3 3
( ) ( 1)
2
3, 42 3, 42. 3, 42.( 1) 3, 42. 18
........................... .................. 6
100 14 30 14 30 14 30 14 30
n n
n
C H O O nCO n H O
n n n
n
n n n n

+ +

> >
+ + + +
Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u s gim l:
3 2 2
( ) 18 (0,18.44 0,15.18) 7, 38
CaCO CO H O
m m m gam + +
=> D ng. nu cha c hiu lm th
tham kho cch sau.
Cch 3: hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic u c ctc l:
2
2 2 n n
C H O

2 2 2
2 2
0,18
n n
C H O CO H O
n n n a


. p dng lbt khi lng v nguyn t ta c:
2
2 2
0,18.12 2. (0,18 ).2.16 3, 42 0,15
n n
C H O
m a a a mol

+ + >
Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u s gim l:
3 2 2
( ) 18 (0,18.44 0,15.18) 7, 38
CaCO CO H O
m m m gam + +
=> D ng.
Cu 2: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit
axetylsalixylic (o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi
43,2 gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,72. B. 0,48. C. 0,96. D. 0,24.
Gii: 1mol axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) th cn 3 mol KOH, nn d dng suy ra
43, 2
3. 0, 72 0, 72 t
180
KOH KOH
n mol V l > => A ng. gii bi ny khng c qu 20 s nh.
Nu cha hiu th theo cch gii sau: ptpu xy ra:
o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH + 3KOH = CH
3
COOK +o-KO-C
6
H
4
-COOK+ 2H
2
O (1)
theo (1)
axetylsalixylic
43, 2
3. 3. 0, 72 0, 72 t
180
KOH KOH
n n mol V l > => A ng.
Phn tch: cu ny nu khng cho sn phm v ctct ca axit axetylsalixylic th mc s kh hn
nhiu, nhng cho ctct th nhn vo s tnh ra ngay. nu khng cn thn th s chn p n B: 0,48 lt.
Cu 3: Ha tan 13,68 gam mui MSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc tr,
cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot v 0,035
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mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l
0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 4,480. B. 3,920. C. 1,680. D. 4,788.
Gii:
cch 1: trong thi gian t giy th n
e
cho=n
e
nhn=0,035.4e=0,14 mol e.
trong thi gian 2t giy th n
e
cho=n
e
nhn=0.28 mol e., nn kh anot n
O2
=0,28:4=0,07 mol
n
H2
= 0,125-0,07=0,055 mol. S mol e nhn ca
13, 68 0,14
0, 28 0, 055.2 64( ) .64 4, 48
96 2
M M Cu y gam
M
> >
+
=> A ng.
Cch 2. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy,
p dng ppbt e ta c: 2 2
2
4. 2. 0, 07 0, 07
O M
M M
n n n mol n mol
+ +
> >
in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian 2t giy,

2 2
2
. 2.0, 035 0, 07 0, 0545 t
O H
n mol n mol M h
+
> >
p dng ppbt e ta c 2 2
2 2 4
4. 2. 2 0, 0855 0, 0855
O H MSO
M M
n n n n mol n mol
+ +
+ > >
13, 68
0, 0855 64( ) 0, 07.64 4, 48
96
M Cu y gam
M
> >
+
. => A ng.
Cch 3. A:
2
O
n
= 0,35.2 = 0,07 K c 0,0545 mol H
2
gi a l n
M

Bo ton e: 2a + 0,0545.2 = 0,07.4 a = 0,0855 m
M
= 13,68 0,0855.96 = 5,472
M =
0855 0
472 5
,
,
= 64 y = 0,07.64 = 4,48g
Cch 4. in phn trong thi gian t giy thu c 0,035 mol kh vy 2t giy ta s thu c
0,035.2=0,07 mol kh, nhng thc t ta thu c 0,1245 mol kh, s chnh lch s mol l do
in phn nc to kh H
2
nH
2
= 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545
H
2
O H
2
+ 1/2O
2
0,0545----0,02725
nO
2
to ra do mui in phn = 0,07 0,02725 = 0,04275
MSO
4
+ H
2
O M + H
2
SO
4
+ 1/2O
2
0,0855-----------------------------------0,04275
M mui = 13,68/0,0855 = 160 M = 64
m Cu tnh theo t giy l mCu = 2.0.035.64 = 4,480 gam
m sao 4 cch gii ny di v phc tp qu nh???liu c cch no nhanh hn khng ?? Vy xem cch
gii sau nh: khuyn co khi ko gii ra c hay ko cn thi gian th mi dng cch ny nh.
Cch 5. Thng th in phn mui MSO
4
l ca kim loi Cu, nn ta th ngay xem nha:

anot
64( ) 0, 035 0, 035.2.64 4, 48
kh
M Cu n mol y gam > >
=> A ng. cng ch mt 10 s thi
nh. bn xem c cch no nhanh th chia s vi nh.
Cu 4: Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
. S cht trong dy c tnh cht
lng tnh l
A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.
Gii: qu d nh??? v sgk lp 11 a ra 4 cht lng tnh l: Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
Cht lng tnh:
+ L oxit v hidroxit ca cc kim loi Al, Zn, Sn, Pb; Cr(OH)
3
v Cr
2
O
3
.
+ L cc ion m cn cha H c kh nng phn li ra ion H
+
ca cc cht in li trung bnh v yu
( HCO
3
-
, HPO
4
2-
, HS
-
) ( ch : HSO
4
-
c tnh axit do y l cht in li mnh)
+ L mui cha cc ion lng tnh; mui to bi hai ion, mt ion c tnh axit v mt ion c tnh baz
( (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
)
+ L cc amino axit,
Cu 5: Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
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A. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit.
B. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.
C. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)
2
.
D. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc -amino axit.
Gii: qu d nh??? li 1 cu ly 0,2 im d dng ri. protein dng tc, vy, sng...th lm sao tan tt
trong nc c nh???
Protein tn ti hai dng chnh: dng hnh si v dng hnh cu. Dng protein hnh si nh keratin ca
tc, mng, sng hon ton khng tan trong nc, dng protein hnh cu nh anbumin ca lng trng
trng, hemoglobin ca mu tan c trong nc to dung dch keo.
Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo.
B. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot.
C. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl.
D. Tnh kh ca ion Br
-
ln hn tnh kh ca ion Cl
-
.
Gii: qu d nh??? li 1 cu ly 0,2 im d dng ri, axit HF l axit rt yu, nhng li l n mn c
thy tinh. tnh axit c sp xp theo chiu HF < HCl < HBr < HI.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO
2
v z mol H
2
O (vi z=yx).
Cho x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO
3
(d) thu c y mol CO
2
. Tn ca E l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit oxalic. C. axit aipic. D. axit fomic.
Gii:
Cch 1. qu d nh??? li 1 cu ly 0,2 im d dng ri, loi ngay A v D v ch c 1 nhm COOH,
vn l B hay C m thi. nh vy ch c axit oxalic.( C
2
H
2
O
2
) l tha mn 2 th nghim thi.
Cch 2. Goi cng thc: C
x
H
y
O
z
x CO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O
a ax
2
y
a
2
y
a = ax a y = 2x 2 Axit khng no hay 2
chc
2
CO
n
= n
C
axit hai chc HOOC COOH
Cu 8: Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong
ngnh nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ha hc ca phn chua l
A. Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. B. K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O. D. Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
Gii: Cu ny th khng phi bn ri. B ng. cc mui cn li l ca phn nhm.
Cu 9: Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp vinyl xianua.
B. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic.
C. Trng hp metyl metacrylat.
D. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic.
Gii: Cu ny th khng phi bn ri. Chn C. ( ta c th dng pp loi tr). nh vy nu gp c m
ny th tht l thun li, v nhiu cu l thuyt d trc nn tm l lm bi v cng quan trong .
-T tng hp (ch to t cc polime tng hp ) nh cc t poliamit (nilon, capron) , t vinylic
( vinilon).Cn sn phm trng hp metyl metacrylat dng lm cht do.
Cu 10: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s
nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
Gii:
Cch 1. Cu ny bn phi tnh to th d dng suy ra cng thc ESTE l C
5
H
8
O
4
(132)
ESTE
1 10
= . .132 16, 5 on D
2 40
m gam ch >
Nu vn kh hiu th xem hng dn sau.
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Cch 2. S nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1 nn c 4 nguyn t O th X c 5 C. cng
thc X l:
2 2 3 3 2 4 2
2 ( ) HCOO CH CH OOCCH NaOH HCOONa CH COONa C H OH + > + +
X
1 1 10
= . . 0,125 132.0,125 16, 5 on D
2 2 40
NaOH X
n n mol m gam ch > >
Cch 3. ( R-COO)
2
C
2
H
4
R= 1 HCOOH v CH
3
COOH M
E
= 132
n
NaOH
= 0,25 n
X
= 0,125 m = 132.0,125 = 16,5 gam
Cu 11: un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt lng dung
dch HNO
3
. Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp
kh (ktc) gm NO v NO
2
(khng c sn phm kh khc ca N
+5
). Bit lng HNO
3
phn ng l
44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,8. B. 40,5. C. 33,6. D. 50,4.
Gii:
Cch 1.Ta c m gam hn hp gm 0,7m gamCu v 0,3m gamFe khi phn ng kt thc thu c 0,75m
gam ln hn 0,7m gamCu nn Fe d. nh vy ch c mui Fe(NO3)2 v Fe phn ng l 0,25m gam
2
3 2
3
Fe pu ( i)
1 1
= ( ) 0, 225 , 0, 25 0, 225.56 50, 4
2 2
taomu HNO NO NO
Fe NO
n n n n n n mol m m gam
+

>
Cch 2.n
Fe
= 0,3m vi m = 0,75m d Fe to Fe
2+
vi
3
HNO
= 0,7 lm mi trng 0,45
n
e
=
56
25 0 m ,
.2 = 0,45 m = 50,4 gam
Cch 3. khi lng Fe = 0,3m gam v khi lng Cu = 0,7m gam
Sau phn ng cn 0,75m gam Fe ch phn ng 0,25m gam; Fe d vy sau phn ng ch thu c
mui Fe
2+.
HNO3 (NO + NO2) Fe(NO3)2
0,25m
n = 0,7 mol; n = 0,25mol; n =
56
p dng btnguyn t N :
N(mui) N(axit) N(kh)
n = n - n 2(0,25m/56) = 0,7 - 0,25 Vy m = 50,4 gam

Cch 4. D thy m
Fe
= 0,3m; m
Cu
= 0,7m. m
d
= 0,75m, vy m
Fe
p = 0,25m (Fe d, Cu cha phn ng).
t x=n
NO
; y = n
NO2
ta c:
{ {
+
> >
+
Fe(pu)
3 1
4x 2y 44,1/ 63 x 0,1
n = .0,1+ 0,15=0,225mol=>0,25m 0,225.56 m 50,4gam
x y 5,6/ 22,4 y 0,15
2 2

Cch 5.

'

2 5 0 7 5 0

'

3 0
7 0
kpu : Cu
Fe
) g ( m , m , m m
) g ( m , : Fe
) g ( m , : Cu
) g ( m
du
pu
S p :
25 0
56
25 0
7 0
56
25 0
+ + +
2 2 3 3
,
m ,
,
m ,
NO NO ) NO ( Fe HNO Fe
p dng LBT nguyn t : 0,7 =
25 0 +
56
25 0
2 ,
m ,
m = 50,4 (gam )
trn y l 5 cch gii hi di, nu c cch ngn gn hn th trao i nh.
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Cu 12: Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol, ancol
benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long, un
nng l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5.
Gii: qu d ng khng??? phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol, anlyl clorua
Cu 13: Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M v Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00. B. 0,75. C. 1,00. D. 1,25.
Gii:
Cch 1: gii nhanh:
=100.0,125 1, 25 dng m gam D

>
.
Lm sao m nhanh nh vy c nh?? tt nhin cc bn phi lm nhiu cc dng ton nh th ny nn
d dng tm c
2
3
0, 02
CO
n mol


m
2
0,125
Ca
n mol
+

=>
=100.0,125 1, 25 dng m gam D

>
.
Cch 2:
2
CO
n
= 0,03 v
OH
n
= 0,025 + 0,0125.2 = 0,05
2
3
CO
n
=
OH
n
-
2
CO
n
= 0,02
n = + 2
Ca
n
= 0,0125
=100.0,125 1, 25 dng m gam D

>
Cch 3:
2
0, 025 2.0, 0125 0, 05 , 0, 03
CO
OH
n mol n mol

+
2
OH
CO
n
1 1, 6 2
n

< <
=> to 2 mui.
2 3
2
2 3 2
CO OH HCO (1)
x x x
CO 2OH CO H O (2)
y 2y y


+

'
+ +

x y 0, 03
x 2y 0, 05
+

'
+


3
2
3
x 0, 01(HCO )
y 0, 02(CO )

'

Phng trnh to kt ta l:
3
2 2
3 3 CaCO
Ca CO CaCO m 0, 0125.100 1, 25 gam
0, 0125 0, 02 0, 0125
+
+
D l ng
Cch 4: n
CO2
= 0,03 mol. n
NaOH
= 0,025mol ; n
Ca(OH)2
= 0,0125mol n
OH-
= 0,05mol
CO
2
+ OH
-
HCO
3
-
0,03-----0,03------0,03
n
OH- (d)
= 0,05 0,03 = 0,02
HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O.
------------0,02----0,02
3
2 2
3 3 CaCO
Ca CO CaCO m 0, 0125.100 1, 25 gam
0, 0125 0, 02 0, 0125
+
+
. D l ng
Nhn xt: c th gii nhanh bng pp th v cch khc.
Cu 14: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
(in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
n kh khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi
khng ng k). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. KNO
3
v KOH. B. KNO
3
, KCl v KOH.
C. KNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
. D. KNO
3
, HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Gii:
Cch 1: Nu c Cu v Clo u ht m gim > 0,15.64+0,15.35,5=13,15>10,75 gam. => Cu d, cn clo
va th m gim=0,1.35,5+0,1/2.64=6,75 <10,75gam. Clo b in phn ht cn Cu
2+
d, anot H
2
O b
in phn nn HNO
3
c sinh ra. Nh vy D ng.
Cch 2: n
KCl
= 0,1mol;
2 3
) NO ( Cu
n
= 0,15mol Vi Cu
2+
+ 2 Cl
-
Cu + Cl
2

0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
Khi lng gim = 0,05.64 + 0,05.71 = 6,75 < 10,75 in phn Cu(NO
3
)
2
To HNO
3

Cch 3 n
KCl
= 0,1mol;
2 3
) NO ( Cu
n
= 0,15mol
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2KCl + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Cu + 2KNO
3
+ Cl
2
0,1 ---------0,05-------0,05----------------0,05mol
KCl ht , Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn = 0,15 0,05 = 0,1
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O Cu + 2HNO
3
+ 1/2O
2
xmol-----------------xmol--------------1/2x mol
m dung dch gim = khi lng ca Cu kt ta + mCl
2
v O
2
bay ra
(0,05 + x)64 + 0,05.71 + 1/2x.32 = 10,75 x = 0,05mol
Cu(NO
3
)
2
vn cn d dung dch sau p cha KNO
3
; HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Cch 4: n
KCl
=0,1 mol, n
Cu(NO3)2
=0,15 mol.
Th t xy ra qt in phn nh sau: Ti anot th t oxihoa: Cl
-
>H
2
O
Ti canot th t kh: Cu
2+
>H
2
O.

3 2 3
2KCl Cu(NO )2 Cl Cu 2KNO
0,1 ...................0, 05 .........0, 05....0, 05mol
+ + +
m gim=0,05.2.35,5+0,05.64=6,75 <10,75gam , Cu(NO3)2 tip tc b in phn.
3 2 2 3
2H2O 2Cu(NO ) O 2Cu 4HNO
2x..............x..........2x mol
+ + +
dd giam
m 6, 75 32.x 2x.64 10, 75 x 0, 025mol + + >
tng s mol Cu(NO3)2 phn ng l 0,1< 0,15.
Nh vy Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l KNO
3
, HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Cch 5: dng pp loi tr xem c nhanh hn khng nh:Ti anot : n
e
= n
KCl
= 0,1mol
Ti catot : n
e
=
2
2 3
) NO ( Cu
n
0,15 (mol) dung dch lun cha Cu
2+
(loi A, B)
Gi s H
2
O khng in phn m =
+
2
Cu Cl
m m
71.0,05 + 64.0,05 = 6,75 (g) < 10,75 (g)
H
2
O c in phn catot ( loi C ). Nh vy cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l KNO
3
,
HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 15: Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht.
Trong X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l m
C
: m
H
: m
O
= 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi
Na th thu c s mol kh hir bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng
benzen) tha mn cc tnh cht trn?
A. 9. B. 3. C. 7. D. 10.
Gii: t t l khi lng d dng suy ra ctpt l C
7
H
8
O
2
, vit ctct cng hi nhiu , nhng khng qu
30s l c. (c 6 ng CH
3
C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
v 3 ng phn OH-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH)
C
7
H
8
O
2
( X p vi Na c s mol X = nH
2
Trong X c 2H linh ng ) X l iphenol hoc va l
ancol va l phenol.
OH
Nu vn kh hiu th xem hng dn sau.
Gi CTPT: C
x
H
y
O
z
x : y : z = 1,75: 2 : 0,5 = 7: 8 : 2 Cng thc l: C
7
H
8
O
2


2
H
n
=n
X
c 2 nhm OH (c 6 ng CH
3
C
6
H
3
(OH)
2
v 3 ng phn OH-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH)
Cu 16: Khi so snh NH
3
vi NH
4
+
, pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong NH
3
v NH
4
+
, nit u c s oxi ha -3.
B. NH
3
c tnh baz, NH
4
+
c tnh axit.
C. Trong NH
3
v NH
4
+
, nit u c cng ha tr 3.
D. Phn t NH
3
v ion NH
4
+
u cha lin kt cng ha tr.
Gii: NH
3
c cng ha tr 3 cn NH
4
+
c cng ha tr 4.
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6
CH
2
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
OH
CH
2
OH
CH
3
OH
HO
CH
3
OH
HO
CH
3
OH
HO
CH
3
OH
HO
CH
3
OH
OH
OH
CH
3
OH
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Cu 17: t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt
lin kt i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v y mol H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia cc
gi tr x, y v V l
A. V =
28
( 30 )
55
x y . B. V =
28
( 62 )
95
x y C. V =
28
( 30 )
55
x y + . D. V =
28
( 62 )
95
x y + .
Gii: nm 2010 l biu thc lin h v ancol, nm 2011 ny l biu thc lin h hn hp gm hai axit
cacboxylic hai chc, vy nm 2012 s l biu thc lin h ca nhm chc no nh???
Cch 1: p dng LBT KL V LBTNT cho ctpt sau.
4
2 2 n n
C H O

2 2
CO H O
axit
n -n
1 1
= .( ) ( .12 2. ( ).16.4
2 2 22, 4 22, 4 2 22, 4
28
V = ( 30 )
55
C H O
V V V
n y x m m m y y
x y Cdung
1
> + + + +
1
]
+ >

Cch 2: Vy c cch no nhanh hn khng??? ch cch ny nhiu bn khng hiu lm n. nu bn s
dng my tnh nhanh th lm cch sau: Khng mt tnh tng qut ta ly v d c th nh sau: chng hn
cho gi tr
4 n
nn khi t
2
4 2 2
2 2
1 4 2mol H O=y=>V 89, 6 116
CO
n n
mol C H O mol CO v lit x gam

> >

Sau cc bn dng my tnh FX570ES v thay ln lt cc gi tr vo p n tnh, nh vy ch c
p n C l tha mn. t thay vo i nh. Cch ny m ko hiu na th xin cho .
Cu 18: Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
N l 23,73%. S ng phn
amin bc mt tha mn cc d kin trn l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1.
Gii: % khi lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
N l 23,73%. th ch c C
3
H
9
N l tha mn, nn
chn ngay p n A l 2 ng phn bc 1 ngay.
cch khc: gii nhanh bi ton dng ny th bn phi s dng my tnh thnh tho v nh ctpt ca
amin v khi lng mol ca n. M = 14.100/23,73 = 59 C
3
H
7
NH
2
v d: Theo quy lut ng phn th:
-
5
CH N
(M=31) c 1ng phn. 1 p bc 1
14.100
% 45,16%
31
N loai
-
2 7
C H N
(M=45) c 2 ng phn. ( 1 p bc 1+ 1 p bc 2)
14.100
% 31,11%
45
N loai
-
3 9
C H N
(M=59) c 4 ng phn.( 2 p bc 1+ 1 p bc 2+ 1 p bc 3).
14.100
% 23, 73%
59
N chn.
-
4 11
C H N
(M=73) c 8 ng phn. ( 4 p bc 1+ 3 p bc 2+ 1 p bc 3).
14.100
% 17, 72%
79
N loai
Ch : - Bn nn s dng my tnh FX570ES tnh nhanh kt qu.
- Nn chn ctpt no ph hp chn nhanh kt qu
- Nm chc quy lut ng phn nh trn.
Cch thng thng1: m nhiu bn vn chp nhn lm nh sau. ( mt nhiu thi gian nha)
3 9
23, 73 14
12 45 3, 9 2 dp bc 1.
76, 27 12
x y x y C H N c
x y
> + > >
+
Cch thng thng2:
M
14
= 0,237 M = 59 C
3
H
9
N Amin bc I l 2 CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
v
CH
3
CH(NH
2
)CH
3
Cu 19: Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Vi sng (CaO). B. Thch cao sng (CaSO
4
.2H
2
O).
C. vi (CaCO
3
). D. Thch cao nung (CaSO
4
.H
2
O).
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Gii: -Thch cao nung thng c dng c tng, c cc mu chi tit tinh vi dng lm trang
tr ni tht, lm phn vit bng, b bt khi gy xng,
-Thch cao sng dng sn xut xi mng.
Cu 20: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht
trn?
A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 2.
Gii:
Cch 1: C
7
H
8
c 4 lin kt pi( ).
7 8
13,8 45, 9 13, 8
0,15 0,15
92 2.108 2
C H
n mol mol


Nh vy X c 2 lin kt ba (

) u mch. CH

C-(CH
2
)
3
-C

CH, CH

C-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-C

CH,
CH

C-C(CH
3
)
2
-C

CH, CH

C-CH(C
2
H
5
)-C

CH, chn p n B.
Cch 2: M = 92 n = 0,15 C
7
H
8-n
Ag
n
0,15(92+107n) = 45,9 n = 2
Nh vy X c 2 lin kt ba (

) u mch. CH

C-(CH
2
)
3
-C

CH, CH

C-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-C

CH,
CH

C-C(CH
3
)
2
-C

CH, CH

C-CH(C
2
H
5
)-C

CH, chn p n B.
Cu 21: Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v c 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra. Thm
tip vo bnh 0,425 gam NaNO
3
, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy
nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam. D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam.
Gii:
Cch 1:
3
0, 425
0, 005 22, 4.0, 005 0,112 t
85
NO NaNO NO
n n mol V l >
Nh vy vn l B hay C ng m thi.
2
4

0, 87 0, 03.96 0.005.23 3,865 .


mu i hhkl SO
Na
m m m m gam
+
+ + + +
C ng,
Cch 2: m
Cu
= 0,32 n
Cu
= 0,05 ; +
H
n
= 0,06 ; m
hh
= 0,87 0,32 = 0,55;
2
H
n
= 0,,2
Lp phng trnh: 56x + 27y = 0,55 v x + 1,5y = 0,02 x = 0,005 v y = 0,01
D H
+
= 0,02 v

3
NO
n
= 0,005
3 Cu + 8H
+
+ 2

3
NO
3 Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O v 3 Fe
2+
+

3
NO
3 Fe
3+
+ NO
0,005
3
2 005 0 . ,

3
2 005 0 . ,
0,005
3
005 0,

3
005 0,

3
NO
n
= 0,005 = n
NO

3
NO
Ht m = 0,87 + 0,03.96 +0,05.23 = 3,865 gam
Ch : bn c th gii nhiu cch khc nhau, song nhiu lc phi bit tnh nh th no cho nhanh v ra
kt qu ng.
- Tht l nguy him khi nu nh cc bn vi vng v lm nh sau:
2
4

0, 87 0, 03.96 3, 75 .
mu i hhkl SO
m m m gam

+ +
p n B nhng m sai.
Cu 22: Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. HCl, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
. B. NaOH, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. D. HCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
Gii: -Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l gim nng cc cation Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, trong nc cng, i vi
nc cng tm thi ta c th un nng, dng mt lng va Ca(OH)
2
hay dng OH
-
, CO
3
2-
, PO
4
3-

kt ta cc ion Mg
2+
v Ca
2+
.
- Tng t lm mm nc cng vnh cu hay ton phn ta cng dng mui tan cha ion CO
3
2-
v
PO
4
3-
.
Cu 23: Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh l
A. FeS
2
. B. Fe
3
O
4
. C. Fe
2
O
3
. D. FeCO
3
.
Gii: qu n gin ch mt 2s t m thi. A. FeS
2
(Qung pirit) .B. Fe
3
O
4
.( Qung st manhetit)
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C. Fe
2
O
3
.( Qung st hematit ) D. FeCO
3
.( Qung xiderit). ch : Fe
2
O
3
.nH
2
O( Qung hematit nu)
Cu 24: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
(2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
(3) Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
(4) Sc kh NH
3
ti d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
(5) Sc kh CO
2
ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
(6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO
4
.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 5.
Gii: (1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
=> CaCO
3
+Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
(4) Sc kh NH
3
ti d vo dung dch AlCl
3
=> Al(OH)
3
(khng tan trong NH3 d) + NH
4
Cl
(5) Sc kh CO
2
ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(Na[Al(OH)
4
]) => Al(OH)
3
(khng tan trong CO2 d) +
NaHCO
3
(6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO
4
=> C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
+ KOH+ MnO
2

Chn B ng.
Cu 25: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H
2
O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H
2
(ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y.
Ha tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l:
A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56.
Gii:
Cch 1:
0, 784 0, 56 1 0, 448
.56 0, 56 . . .39 0, 39
22, 4 2 22, 4
Fe K
m gam m gam


=>C ng.
(do ch c Fe khng phn ng vi dd KOH)
nhiu bn xem cch 1 ging nh lm m, nhng u c c s c , va lm nhng phi bm vo p
n, li th trc nghim l nh th . Nu mun chm nh ra th xem cch sau thi.
Cch 2: phn 1: Al phn ng ht, p dng LBTE ta c:
2
3 2. 3 0, 07 (*)
K Al H
n n n x y + +

phn 2: Al phn ng cha ht, p dng LBTE ta c:
2
3 2. 3. 0, 04 (**) 0, 01
K Al H
n n n x x x mol + + >
thay vo (*)=> y=0,02mol.
Tip tc phn 2: p dng LBTE ta c:
2
3 2 2. 3. 2 2(0, 02 0, 025) 0, 01
K Al Fe H
n n n n x x z z mol + + + + + >

.
0, 01.56 0, 56 . 0, 01.39 0, 39 , 0, 02.27 0, 54
Fe K Al
m gam m gam m gam
=>C ng.
Nh vy cch 1 ch mt khong 30 s nhng cch 2 th mt 3 pht y nh.
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO
3
(d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O
2
(ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO
2
v y mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca y l
A. 0,3. B. 0,8. C. 0,2. D. 0,6.
gii:
Cch 1: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic
) mol ( , n n nCO ] COOH [
CO ) axit ( O n
4 1 2
2
2
p dng LBT nguyn t O : 1,4 + 2.
2
O
n
= 2.
y n
CO
+
2
y = 0.6 (mol) => D ng.
Cch 2:
2
CO
n
= 0,7 v
2
O
n
= 0,4 vi
2
CO
n
t
= 0,8 x + y + 2z = 0,7 v 2x + y + 2z = 0,8 x =
0,1
v y + 2z = 0,6 Bo ton nguyn t O:
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2x + 2y + 4z + 0,4.2 = 2.0,8 + a a = 2y + 4z 0,6 = 0,6 mol=>D ng.
Cch 3: n
O(trong axit)
= 2n
nhm chc
= 2n
CO2
= 2*15,68/22,4 =1,4.
n
O(trong nc)
= n
O(trong axit)
+

n
O(trong O2)
- n
O(trong CO2)
= 1,4 + 2*8,96/22,4 2*35,2/44= 0,6
vy n
nc
= n
Oxi
= 0,6mol => D ng.
(Xem c cch no khng dng pp bt nguyn t th cng tham kho nh.)
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc
nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
2
v H
2
. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi
lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 8. Th tch
O
2
(ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 22,4 lt. B. 44,8 lt. C. 26,88 lt. D. 33,6 lt.
Gii:
Cch 1: n
C2H2
= n
H2
= a mol, m
X
= m
Y
= 10,8 + 0,2.16 = 14gam 28a = 14 a = 14/28 = 0,5
( bo ton nguyn t C v H) t chy Y cng nh t chy X nO
2
= 0,5.2 + 0,5 = 0,15
V
O2
= 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 lt.=> D ng
Cch 2: Trong Z c: n
hh
= 0,2 v M= 16 Dng s ng cho ta c:
6 2
H C
n
=
2
H
n
= 0,1
m
X
= 10,8 + 30.0,1 + 0,1.2 = 14 26a + 2a = 14 a = 0,5 Vit phng trnh t
2
O
n
Cch 3 : D thy m
X
= m
Y
= 10,8 + (16.4,48):22,4 = 14gam
2 2 2
C H H C H
n =n x 26x 2x 14 x 0,5 n 1mol;n 2mol +
2 2
O C H O
1
n n n 1,5mol V 33,6lit
4
+ .=> D ng
Cch 4 : m
X
= m + m
kh
= 10,8 + 3,2 = 14 (gam)
) mol ( , n n
H H C
5 0
2 + 26
14

2 2 2
Qui i X v C
2
H
4
+ O
2
2CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,5 x 1 1 2x = 2.1 + 1 x = 1,5 V = 33,6 lt .=> D ng
Cu 28: Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch
NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan. Nu t chy hon ton
3,88 gam X th th tch oxi (ktc) cn dng l
A. 4,48 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 1,12 lt.
Gii:
Cch 1: theo bn th bi ny gii ht bao nhiu thi gian nh??? khng qu 30 s u nh.
2
(3. 2) (3.2, 33 2) (5, 2 3, 88)
2, 24. . 2, 24. . 3, 36 t
2 2 22
O X
n
V n l

=> B ng.
Chc chn cch gii ny nhiu bn vn kh hiu v thc mc . Vy th tham kho cch gii sau thi.
Cch 2: pt t chy gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h X nh sau
2 2 2 2
2
3 2
( )
2
n n
n
C H O O nCO nH O

+ +
p dng pp tng gim khi lng
(5, 2 3, 88) 3,88
0, 06 14 32 2, 333...
22 0.06
X
n mol n n

> >

2 2
(3. 2) (3.2, 33 2)
. .0, 06 0,1499 22, 4.0,1499 3, 36 t
2 2
O X O
n
n n mol V l

>
Cch 3: kl tng m = 5,2 3,88 = 22a a = 0,06 C
n
H
2n
O
2
+
2
2 3 n
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O
14n + 32 =
06 0
88 3
,
,
n = 0,33 0,06
2
2 3 n
0,06 = a Thay n vo a = 0,15
2
22, 4.0,15 3, 36 t
O
V l
Cch 4: n
axit
= (m
mui
m
axit
):22 = (5,2 3,88):22 = 0,06 mol M axit = 3,88/0,06 = 194/3
C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 194/3 n = 7/3
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C
7/3
H
14/3
O
2
+ 5/2 O
2
7/3CO
2
+ 7/3H
2
O.
0,06----------0,15
2
22, 4.0,15 3, 36 t
O
V l
Cu 29: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nictric vi xenluloz (hiu sut phn
ng 60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch
c l
A. 2,97 tn. B. 3,67 tn. C. 2,20 tn. D. 1,10 tn.
Gii: bi ny lin quan n hiu sut nhng li qu quen thuc nn ch dng my tnh bm kt qu
khng qu 10 s k c c .
2.297. 60
x = . 2, 20 n
162. 100
n
t
n
=> C ng.
Tt nhin c nhng bn cha c c chuyn gii nhanh cha kha vng: luyn thi cp tc th
tnh ton mt nhiu thi gian hn cht it thi. Song nu vn kh hiu th tham kho cch gii sau.
Cch khc: H =60%
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
+3nHNO
3
o
t SO H ,
4 2
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(ONO
2
)
3
]
n
+ 3nH
2
O.
162.n ............................................. 297.n
H = 60%
2 tn ................................................ x = ? tn
2.297. 60
x = . 2, 20 n
162. 100
n
t
n
=> C ng.
Ch : nu nh qun hiu sut th xin c chia bun nh:
2.297.
x = 3, 67 n
162.
n
t
n
=> B sai. Nu
297. 60
x = . 1,10 n
162. 100
n
t
n
=> D sai.
Cu 30: t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO
2
bng th tch hi nc (trong cng
iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l
A. anehit fomic. B. anehit no, mch h, hai chc.
C. anehit axetic. D. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.
Gii:
Cch 1:Cu ny th chn A ngay v khi t X m s mol CO
2
= s mol H
2
O v cho 0,04 mol Ag th ch
c anehit fomic ( HCHO) m thi.
Cch 2
2 2

CO O H
n n
anehit no n chc (loi B, D) . Ta c:
4
X
Ag
n
n
A ng
Cu 31: Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala (mch h) thu c hn hp gm 28,48 gam
Ala, 32 gam Ala-Ala v 27,72 gam Ala-Ala-Ala. Gi tr ca m l
A. 90,6. B. 111,74. C. 81,54. D. 66,44.
Gii: Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala + H
2
O Ala + Ala-Ala + Ala-Ala-Ala
0,32 0,2 0,12mol
n
X
=
4
12 0 2 0 32 0 , , , + +
= 0,27 m = (89.4 18.3)0,27 = 81,54 gam
Lu : C n aminoaxit th tch (n 1) H
2
O M
Ala
-
Ala
= 2 . 89 18
Cu 32: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
(s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c
0,09 mol CO
2
. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
trong X ln lt l:
A. CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CCH. B. CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=C=C=CH
2
.
C. CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=C=C=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CCH.
Gii:
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Cch 1: nhn vo s mol CO2 th bit ngay s mol mi cht l 0,01 mol. Ring C
2
H
2
khi phn ng cng
to ra 2,4 gam kt ta ri, Vn l C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
khi phn ng to kt ta ln hn 1,6 gam l c, gi
s C
4
H
4
phn ng th khi lng kt ta ch l 1,59 gam m thi, iu chng t rng C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
u c lin kt ba u mch. A ng. nu khng hiu lm th theo cch sau thi.
Cch 2: s mol mi cht l 0,01 mol.
CH CH -> CAg CAg => m =0,01.240=2,4 gam



3 3
CH C-CH -> CAg C-CH => m =0,01.147=1,47 gam


2 2
CH C-CH=CH -> CAg C-CH=CH => m =0,01.159=1,59 gam


Tng kt ta = 2,4+1,47+1,59=5,46 gam > 4 gam theo ra.
Cch 3: 2x + 3x + 4x = 0,09 a = 0,01 Ta c: AgC CAg v AgC C-CH
3

m = 240.0,01 + 147.0,01 = 3,87 <4 C
4
H
4
c lin kt ba u mch
Cu 33: S ng phn amino axit c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 1.
Gii: C
3
H
7
O
2
N ch c 2 ng phn amino axit m thi: (H
2
N)CH
2
CH
2
COOH, CH
3
(H
2
N)CH-COOH,
Nu hi C
3
H
7
O
2
N c bao nhiu s ng phn cu to th hi nhiu , th vit xem.????
Cu 34: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc
nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t
canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A. 0,155nm. B. 0,185 nm. C. 0,196 nm. D. 0,168 nm.
Gii: Cu ny nhn kh y nh??? s dng ct tnh th tch ca ton hc, n v nm th ging vt l.
-Th tch 1 mol tinh th Ca : V = 40:1,55 = 25,81 cm
3
- Th tch 1 mol nguyn t Ca : V = 25,81.74% = 19,1 cm
3
- Th tch 1 nguyn t Ca : V = 19,1:(6,02.10
23
) = 3,17.10
-23
p dng cng thc : V = 4.r
3
/3 r =
3
( 3V/4 .) = 1,96.10
-8
cm = 0,196 nm
Cu 35: Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO
3
0,6M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch sau phn ng
th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 20,16 gam. B. 19,76 gam. C. 19,20 gam. D. 22,56 gam.
Gii: n
Cu
= 0,12 ;

3
NO
n
= 0,12 v +
H
n
= 0,32 v
2
4

SO
n
= 0,1
3 Cu + 8 H
+
+ 2

3
NO
3 Cu
2+
+ 2 NO + 4 H
2
O
0,12 0,32 0,08 d

3
NO
n
= 0,04 m = 7,68 + 0,1.96 + 0,04.62 = 19,76 gam
Cu 36: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS
2
trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th
tch O
2
v 80% th tch N
2
) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn duy nht v
hn hp kh Y c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N
2
, 14% SO
2
, cn li l O
2
. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS
trong hn hp X l
A. 42,31%. B. 59,46%. C. 19,64%. D. 26,83%.
Gii:
Cch 1: Chn 1 mol hn hp sn phm
2
N
n
= 0,848
2
O
n
= 0,212 tham gia 0,212 0,012= 0,2
vi
2
SO
n
= 0,14 2FeS + 3,5O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2 SO
2
v 2FeS
2
+ 5,5O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 4 SO
2

x 1,75x x y 2,75y 2y
Lp h: 1,75x + 2,75y = 0,2 v x + 2y = 0,14 x = 0,02 v y = 0,06
%FeS =
120 06 0 88 02 0
88 02 0
. , . ,
. ,
+
=19,64%
Cch 2: 2FeS + 7/2O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2SO
2
: 2FeS
2
+ 11/2O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 4SO
2
T hai pt chy cho thy c mi mol FeS hay FeS
2
chy u lm s mol kh gim (7/2 2)/2 = 0,75 mol
Gi s ban u c 1 mol khng kh , (Ch , N
2
khng tham gia vo p nN
2
khng i, sau p %N
2
tng ln chng t s mol hn hp kh gim) n
Y
= 80/84,8 = 0,9434mol
n
kh gim
= 1 0,9434 = 0,0566 mol n
X
= 0,0566/0,75 = 0,0755 mol; nSO
2
= 14%.0,9434 = 0,132
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Gi x l s mol FeS, y l s mol FeS
2
ta gii h pt:
x + y = 0,0755 (1) x + 2y = 0,132 x = 0,019 ; y = 0,0565
%FeS =
0, 019.88
0, 02.88 0, 06.120 +
= 19,64%
Cch 3: Vi
2
2 2 2
2
( ) ( )
( )
14 t
84,8
84,8 t 21, 2 t 21, 2 1, 2 20 t
4
100 (84, 8 14) 1, 2 t
SO
N O b O pu
O du
V l
V l V l V l
V l


'

2 2 3 2
2 2 2 3 2
2 3, 5 2 3, 5 5, 5 20 1
2 5, 5 4 2 4 14 3
88.2
% .100% 19, 64%
88.2 120.6
FeS O Fe O SO x y x
FeS O Fe O SO x y y
FeS
+ + +

) ' '
+ + +


+
C cch no nhanh hn khng??
Cu 37: Cho cn bng ha hc: H
2
(k) + I
2
(k)

2HI (k) ; H > 0.


Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi
A. gim p sut chung ca h. B. gim nng HI.
C. tng nhit ca h. D. tng nng H
2
.
Gii: S mol kh hai v bng nhau p sut khng nh hng n cn bng.
Cu 38: Cho dy cc cht v ion : Fe, Cl
2
, SO
2
, NO
2
, C, Al, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
. S cht v ion va c
tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8
Gii: qu n gin nh??? ch 5s l chn xong p n. Cl
2
, SO
2
, NO
2
, C, Fe
2+
. chn B ng
Ch : clo c s oxi ha l: -1, 0,+1,+3,+5,+7 .
Lu hunh c s oxi ha l: -2, -1, 0,+2,+4,+6,
Nito c s oxi ha l: -3, 0,+1,+2,+4,+5.
Cc bon c s oxi ha l: -4.-3,-2,-1, 0,+1,+2,+3,+4.
St c s oxi ha l: ,0,+2,+3.
Cu 39: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(1) t dy st trong kh clo.
(2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO
3
(long, d).
(4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, d).
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st (II) ?
A. 4 B. 2 C. 3 D. 1
Gii: (2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi)=> FeS
(4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
=> FeSO
4
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, d).=> FeSO
4
+ H
2
Chn C.
Cu 40: Trong c th nghim sau :
(1) Cho SiO
2
tc dng vi axit HF.
(2) Cho kh SO
2
tc dng vi kh H
2
S.
(3) Cho kh NH
3
tc dng vi CuO un nng.
(4) Cho CaOCl
2
tc dng vi dung dch HCl c.
(5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
(6) Cho kh O
3
tc dng vi Ag.
(7) Cho dung dch NH
4
Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO
2
un nng.
S th nghim to ra n cht l:
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A. 4 B. 7 C. 6 D. 5
Gii: (2) Cho kh SO
2
tc dng vi kh H
2
S => S
(3) Cho kh NH
3
tc dng vi CuO un nng => Cu
(4) Cho CaOCl
2
tc dng vi dung dch HCl c => Cl
2
(5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH => H
2
(6) Cho kh O
3
tc dng vi Ag => O
2
(7) Cho dung dch NH
4
Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO
2
un nng=> N
2
Chn C.
(pt y )
(1) SiO
2
+ HF SiF
4
+ H
2
O
(2) SO
2
+ H
2
S S + H
2
O
(3) + NH
3
+ CuO Cu + N
2
+ H
2
O
(4) CaOCl
2
+ HCl CaCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
(5) Si + NaOH + H
2
O Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
(6) Ag + O
3
Ag
2
O + O
2
(7) NH
4
Cl + NaNO
2
NaCl + N
2
+ H
2
O => C 6 th nghim to ra n cht.
II. PHN RING: [10 cu]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu , t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Cho buta-1,3 - ien phn ng cng vi Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn
cu to v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l:
A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Gii: Buta-1,3-dien phn ng cng vi Br
2
cho hai sn phm cng ( sn phm cng 1,2 v sn phm
cng 1,4 ) ring sn phm cng 1,4 c thm ng phn cis trans.
) phh c ( Br CH CH CH BrCH
CH CH CHBr BrCH
CH CH CH CH
Br
2 2
2 2 +
2 2



2
Cu 42: Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh?
A. Dung dch alanin B. Dung dch glyxin
C. Dung dch lysin D. Dung dch valin
gii: A.
3 2
CH CH(NH )-COOH Alanin (axit -aminopropionic)
B.
2 2
H N-CH -COOH glixin (axit aminoaxetic)

C.
2 2 4 2
H N-(CH ) -CH(NH )-COOH Lysin ( axit , - diaminocaproic)
D.
3 2 2
(CH ) CH-CH(NH )-COOH Valin ( axit - aminoisovaleric)
Cu 43: Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn xp)
th:
A. cc dng xy ra qu trinh oxi ha ion Na
+
v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
-
.
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H
2
O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha Cl
-
.
C. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ha H
2
O v cc dng x ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
-
.
D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na
+
v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl
-
.
Gii: Trong bnh in phn, ion Na
+
tin v cc m, do ion Na
+
c tnh oxi ha rt yu nn khng b
kh m nc s b kh, cn cc dng do Cl
-
c tnh kh mnh hn nc nn b oxi ha.
Cu 44: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu
2+
v Cr
3+
ln lt l :
A. [Ar]3d
9
v [Ar]3d
3
. B. [Ar]3d
7
4s
2
v [Ar]3d
1
4s
2
.
C. [Ar]3d
9
v [Ar]3d
1
4s
2
. D. [Ar]3d
7
4s
2
v [Ar]3d
3
.
Gii: - Cu c s th t = 29 c 29e Cu
2+
c 27e [Ar]3d
9
- Cr c s th t = 24 c 24e Cr
3+
c 21e [Ar]3d
3
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( bn phi thuc v nm bn cht ca cc nguyn t Z=1 n Z=30 .) nm no m chng phi ra cu
hnh ca cc nguyn t hay ion.........
Cu 45: Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut ton b qu
trnh l 90%, Hp th ton b lng CO
2
, sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo nc vi trong , thu
c 330 gam kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi lng nc vi trong ban
u l 132 gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 405 B. 324 C. 486 D.297
Gii: cu ny cng qu quen thuc nh?? Xem thm cha kha vng nh
Cch 1: m
CO2
= m - m
dd gim
= 330 132 = 198gam, n
CO2
= 198/44 = 4,5 mol
C
6
H
10
O
5
C
6
H
10
O
6
-> 2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2
; m =
4, 5
2.n
162n.
90
100
= 405 gam
Cch 2: m =
3
CaCO
m
-
2
CO
m
132 = 330 -
2
CO
m

2
CO
m
= 198
2
CO
n
= 4,5
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
n C
6
H
12
O
6
2n C
2
H
5
OH + 2n CO
2

a 2na = 4,5 a =
n
,
2
5 4
=
n
,25 2
V H = 90% m =
n
,25 2
162n.
90
100
= 405 gam
Cu 46: Ha hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc X v mt axit no a chc Y (s mol X
ln hn s mol Y), thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 5,6 gam N
2
(o cng trong iu kin
nhit , p sut). Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 10,752 lt CO
2
(ktc) . Cng
thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH v HOOC-COOH B. CH
3
-COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
C. H-COOH v HOOC-COOH D. CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
Gii:
Cch 1: Va gii va dng pp loi tr nh:
n
X
= n
2
N
= 0,2 v
2
CO
n
= 0,48 0,2 n= 0,48 n= 2,4 loi B,C
CH
3
COOH a mol v C
n
H
2n-2
O
4
a + b = 0,2 (1) 2a + nb = 0,48 (2) v 60a + (14n + 62)b = 15,52 (3)
Gii ra n = 3 CH
3
-COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
C th gii theo n v n th kt qu cng tng t :
a + b = 0,2 (1) an + bn = 0,48 (2) v (14n+32)a + (14n + 62)b = 15,52 (3) n = 2 v n = 3
Cch 2: nN
2
= nX = 5,6/28 = 0,2; nCO
2
= 0,48mol; C trung bnh = 0,48/0,2 = 2,4 (loi C v B)
Dng quy tc ng cho da vo s C v C trung bnh v d kin s mol X ln hn s mol Y X l
CH
3
COOH
Da vo d kin s mol mi cht theo quy tc ng cho v khi lng hn hp l 15,52 gam ta tm
c Y l HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
Cch 3: Xem cch ny th no cc bn nh. nhng yu cu bn phi s dng my tnh FX570ES, ti
sao ??? ti khuyn co vi cc bn trong cch gii nhanh bng my tnh vi thi H V C nm
2010 ri ,
+ bng my tnh gii nhanh C trung bnh = 0,48/0,2 = 2,4 (loi C v B). vn l A hay D m thi.
+ Gi s D l p n ng: bng my tnh th xem nh. tt nhin bn phi thuc khi lng mol cc
cht nha.
a + b = 0,2 (1) v 60a + 104b = 15,52 (2) =>a=0,12mol, b=0,08mol
qu hp l nh=> D ng.
+ Gi s A l p n ng:
a + b = 0,2 (1) v 74a + 90b = 15,52 (2) =>a=0,17mol, b=0,03mol
chnh
lch s mol nhiu qu. nn D l p n ng. mng nhn c s hi m ca tt cc cc c gi trong
c nc nh.
Cu 47: Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng ca
chng trong kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A. N
2
v CO B. CO
2
v O
2
C. CH
4
v H
2
O D.CO
2
v CH
4
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Cu 48: Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau mt thi gian,
thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, d). sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui
duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l:
A. 58,52% B. 51,85% C. 48,15% D. 41,48%
Gii:
Cch 1:bn cht v mu cht y
56x + 65y = 2,7(1)
vn l x, y bng bao nhiu l c,m khng
quan tm n d kin bi ton. nh vy chng ta khng c s dng bt nhp mt nhiu thi gian m phi s
dng my tnh FX570ES tnh ra kt qu nh t (1) s mol trung bnh mi kim loi l:
hhkl
2,7
n = =0,0223mol
56+65
Nh vy d dng bng my tnh =>
0, 025.56
x =0,02mol; y = 0,025mol=>%Fe= .100% 51, 85%
2, 7

=>B ng
.( nu kh hiu th cn luyn thm k nng gii ton v xem 2 cch gii sau nh).
Cch 2: n
Cu
= 2,84 0,28 = 0,56 n
Cu
= 0,04 m
hh u
= 2,42
65x + 56y = 2,42 v bo ton e: 2(x + y) = 0,04.2 x = y = 0,02
%Fe =
0, 02.56 0, 28
.100%
2, 7
+
= 51,85 %
Cch 3: Z p vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long thu c mt mui duy nht Z c Fe d v Cu to ra
Vy trong Z c 0,28 gam Fe d v 2,84 0,28 = 2,56 gam Cu
m hn hp X p vi Cu
2+
= 2,7 0,28 = 2,42 gam; 56x + 65y = 2,42 (1) v 64x + 64y = 2,56 (2)
(1)v(2) x = 0,02 mFe(p vi Cu
2+
) = 0,02.56 = 1,12 m Fe ban u = 1,12 + 0,28 = 1,4
%Fe = 1,4/2,7 = 51,85%.
Cu 49: Cho hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Y
v phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta:
A. Fe(OH)
3
v Zn(OH)
2
B. Fe(OH)
2
, Cu(OH)
2
v Zn(OH)
2
C. Fe(OH)
3
D. Fe(OH)
2
v Cu(OH)
2
Gii: Phn khng tan Z l Cu (d) dung dch Y cha cc ion Fe
2+
; Cu
2+
v Zn
2+
do lng NaOH
d kt ta Zn(OH)
2
to ra b tan ht, cn li 2 kt ta Fe(OH)
2
v Cu(OH)
2
.
hoc xem s sau:
D
Zn
Cu
Fe
Zn
Fe
ZnO
O Fe
) du ( NaOH Cu HCl

'

'

+
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
+
+ 2
+ 3
+
3 2
ng ( Fe(OH)
2
v Cu(OH)
2
.)
Cu 50: X, Y ,Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O . X tc dng c vi
Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc, Z khng
tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH, CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO, CH
3
-CO-CH
3
.
B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH, CH
3
-CO-CH
3
, CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO, CH
3
-CO-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
D. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
, CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
Gii: Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc ch c A l tha mn.
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hoc bin lun sau:
C
3
H
6
O c th l ru khng no, andehit va xeton no
+ X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc X l ru
+ Y khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc Y l andehit
+ Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc Z l xeton.
B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai?
A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn.
B. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.
C. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom.
D. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H
2
O to thnh sn phm khng bn.
Gii: + Lin kt i C=O fomandehit c phn ng cng nc nhng sn phm to ra c 2 nhm OH
cng nh vo 1 nguyn t C nn khng bn.
+ Hidro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm bn gi l xianohidrin.
Cu 52: Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng
kh dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch NH
3
B. Dung dch NaCl
C.Dung dch NaOH D. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
Gii: NH
3
d kt hp vi Cl
2
to sn phm khng c : 8NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
6NH
4
Cl + N
2.
Cu 53: Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipetit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X gm cc amino
axit (cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl trong phn t). Nu cho
1
10
hn hp
X tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th lng mui khan thu c l :
A. 7,09 gam. B. 16,30 gam C. 8,15 gam D. 7,82 gam.
Gii:
Cch 1: O H
m
2
= 63,6 60 = 3,6 O H
n
2
= 0,2 M= 159 Trong
10
1
c 0,04 mol
m = 159.0,04 + m = 159.0,04 + 0,04.36,5 = 7,82 gam
Cch 2: m H
2
O = 63,6 60 = 3,6 n H
2
O = 3,6/18 = 0,2
NH
2
-R-CO-NH-R-COOH + H
2
O NH
2
-R-COOH + NH
2
-R-COOH
0,2----------0,2------------------0,2
n
aminoaxit
= 0,4 ;1/10 hn hp X c 0,4/10 = 0,04 mol aminoaxit v 63,6/10 = 6,36 gam
n
HCl
= n
aminoaxit
= 0,04mol; m
mui
= m
aminoaxit
+ m HCl = 6,36 + 0,04.36,5 = 7,82 gam.
Cch 3:
) mol ( ,
,
n
O H
2 0
18
60 6 63

2
,
) mol ( , n n
oaxit min a O H
4 0 2
2
( v ipeptit + 1 H
2
O 2.amino
axit )
min
1 1
( ) (63, 6 36, 5.0, 4) 7, 82( )
10 10
muoi a oaxit HCl
m m m gam + +
Cu 54 : Cho s phn ng:
CHCH X; X polime Y; X + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
polime Z
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A.T capron v cao su buna. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T olon v cao su buna-N. D. T nitron v cao su buna-S.
Hng dn:
X = CH
2
=CH(CN) trng hp to poliacrilonitrin dng ch to t nitron hay cn gi l olon.
ng trng hp CH
2
=CH(CN) + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
ta thu c caosu buna - N
Cu 55: Ha tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, rt d)
sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu va 100 ml dung
dch KMnO
4
0,1M. Gi tr ca m l:
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+HCN trng hp
ng trng hp
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A. 1,24 B. 3,2 C. 0,64 D.0,96
Gii:
Cch 1:
3 4 4
2 3 2
3 4 4
2. 1. 5. 0, 96
64
Fe O KMnO
m
Cu Fe O KMnO Cu Fe Mn n n m gam
+ + +
+ + + + +
Cch 2 :
4 3
O Fe
n
= 0,02 Fe
3
O
4
Fe
2+
+ 2 Fe
3+
Khi tc dng vi KMnO
4

0,02 0,02 0,04
Cu + Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ Fe
2+
5 Fe
2+
+

4
MnO + H
+

5 Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ H
2
O
0,015 .....................0,03 0,05 0,01 m = 0,015.64 = 0,96gam
Cch 3: n Fe
3
O
4
= 0,02 ; n KMnO
4
= 0,01
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,02--------------0,02-----0,04
Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+
x----------------------------2x
n Fe
2+
= 0,02 + 2x
5Fe
2+
+ MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O
0,05-------0,01
0,02 + 2x = 0,05 x = 0,015 ; Vy mCu = 0,015.64 = 0,96 gam.
Cu 56: Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Na
2
CrO
4
l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sau khng mu.
B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
D. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam
Gii:
2CrO
4
2-
+ 2H
+
Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ H
2
O
(mu vng) ( mu da cam)
Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ 2OH
-
2CrO
4
2-
+ H
2
O
( mu da cam) ( mu vng)
Cu 57: Cho cc phn ng sau:
Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2
AgNO
3
+ Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha cc ion kim loi l:
A. Ag
+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
B. Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
C. Fe
2+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+
D. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
Hng dn:
Fe
3+
oxi ha Fe thnh Fe
2+
Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Fe
2+
Ag
+
oxi ha c Fe
2+
thnh Fe
3+
Ag
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Fe
3+
Vy : Ag
+
> Fe
3+
> Fe
2+
.
Cu 58: t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X ( to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt
ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO
2
v 0,09 gam H
2
O. S este ng phn ca X l:
A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D.4
Gii:
Cch 1: gp bi ny th ngon ri nh, ch cn khng qu 20s chn p ng. theo quy lut ng phn
ca este l: 1-2-4-9. nh vy ch c A hoc D ng m thi. m cho 0,11 gam nn D ng. v
C
2
H
4
O
2
(60) c 1 p este.
C
3
H
6
O
2
(74) c 2 p este.
C
4
H
8
O
2
(88) c 4 p este.
C
5
H
10
O
2
(102) c 9 p este.
Ch : s dng my tnh FX570ES: ly 0,11 chia cho 60, 74, 88... p n c s mol p th ta chon
thi.
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bi ny nu c cha kha vng luyn thi cp tc th nhn vo d kin 0,11 gam th tng ng vi
este c khi lng mol 88 (C
4
H
8
O
2
c 4 p este.) chn ngay D ng. Nu mun gii cch thng thng
v chm nh ra th mi xem cch sau thi.
Cch 2 :
2
CO
n
= 0,005 = O H
n
2
Este no, n chc C
n
H
2n
O
2
M = 14n + 32

32 14
11 0
+ n
,
n = 0,005 n = 4 S este C
n
H
2n
O
2
= 2
n-2
=> D ng.
Cch 3 : nCO
2
= 0,005 ; nH
2
O = 0,005 este no, n
C
n
H
2n
O
2
nCO
2
0,005/n -----0,005
M = 0,11n/0,005 = 22n
14n + 32 = 22n n = 4 este C
4
H
8
O
2
c 4 ng phn este.
Cch 4 : C =
4 32 + 14 10 5 11 0
32 + 14
11 0
10 5

3
3
2
n ) n ( . n ,
n
,
.
n
n
n
n
X
CO
S p este = 2
4-2
= 4 p
Cu 59: Dung dch X gm CH
3
COOH 1M (K
a
= 1,75.10
-5
) v HCl 0,001M . Gi tr pH ca dung dch X
l:
A. 2,43 B. 2,33 C. 1,77 D. 2,55
Gii: CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

HCl H
+
+ Cl
-
(0,001)
Cn bng (1 a) a a
) a (
a
1
2
= 1,75.10
-5
a = 0,42.10
-3
Tng s mol H
+
= 0,0052 pH = 2,33
Cu 60: Cho dy chuyn ha sau
Benzen X Y Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh)

Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l
A. benzylbromua v toluen B. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren
C. 2-brom-1pheny1benzen v stiren D. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.
Gii:
C
6
H
6
+ CH
2
=CH
2
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
+ Br
2
C
6
H
5
CHBr-CH
3
+ KOH/C
2
H
5
OH C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
.
c thc hin: Thc s : Nguyn Vn Ph : 098.92.92.117 hoc 01652.146.888
(mail: phueuro@gmail.com)
Nhng cch gii trn nu c g sai st, hay c cch no gii nhanh hn th gi cho ti c tham kho nh.
Bi tip theo s l gii nhanh nhng bi ton kh thi DH K B -2011. Ai cn th lin lc nh.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@HT&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Hin nay tc gi ang bin son 100 thi th H v hng dn gii
rt chi tit. Nhng c gi no mun s hu cc thi th H v ti liu
luyn thi H th hy gi mail hoc gi in nh .nu mun s hu ti
liu ny th hy vo Google sau nh dng ch: cha kha vng
luyn thi cp tc ca nguyn vn ph.
Ti rt mong mun v chia s cng tt c cc c gi trong c nc, trao
i ti liu, thi th gii chi tit, cc chuyn hay....
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+C2H4
+Br2, as KOH/C2H5OH
xt.t
0
t l mol 1:1
t
0
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Trong qu trnh bin son khng th trnh khi thiu st. Ti rt
chn thnh cm n v mong qu c gi lng th cng nh nhn c s
ng gp kin qu bu, xy dng ln sau tt hn.
BN HY S HU 30 CHA KHA VNG GII NHANH V C , HU C V
100 THI TH C P N GII V CNG CHI TIT, NU BN CN
THIU CHA KHA VNG HAY THI TH GII CHI TIT TH HY
GI CHO TI S HU N, NU BN THY HAY THI HY NHN
TIN CHO TI, NU BN THY KHNG HAY THI HY NHN TIN GP
NH: XIN CHN THNH CM N. NU BN MUN HC ( NGH AN)
TH HY GI CHO TI NH: 098.92.92.117 HOC 01652.146.888
nh vy trong MT THI GIAN NGN ti gi ln violet 10 cKV trong tng
s 30 ckv, hi vng n s gip phn no yn tm hn trc khi bc vo k
thi c-h SP TI.
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