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TRAN S TUNG
---- & ----

TI LIU N THI I HC CAO NG

Nam 2011

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s
KSHS 01: TNH N IU CA HM S

1
Cho hm s y = (m - 1) x 3 + mx 2 + (3m - 2) x (1)
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 2 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn tp xc nh ca n.
Tp xc nh: D = R. y = (m - 1) x 2 + 2mx + 3m - 2 .

Cu 1.

(1) ng bin trn R y 0, "x m 2


mx + 4
(1)
x+m
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -1 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) nghch bin trn khong (-;1) .

Cu 2.

Cho hm s y =

Tp xc nh: D = R \ {m}.

y =

m2 - 4
( x + m )2

Hm s nghch bin trn tng khong xc nh y < 0 -2 < m < 2


hm s (1) nghch bin trn khong (-;1) th ta phi c -m 1 m -1
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c: -2 < m -1 .

(1)
(2)

Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 - mx - 4 (1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0 .
2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (-; 0) .

Cu 3.

m -3
Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(2 m + 1) x 2 + 6 m ( m + 1) x + 1 c th (Cm).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.
2) Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong (2; +)

Cu 4.

y ' = 6 x 2 - 6(2m + 1) x + 6m(m + 1) c D = (2 m + 1)2 - 4(m 2 + m ) = 1 > 0


x = m
y' = 0
. Hm s ng bin trn cc khong (-; m ), (m + 1; +)
x = m +1
Do : hm s ng bin trn (2; +) m + 1 2 m 1
Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 mx 2 - 3m + 1 (1), (m l tham s).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2) Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (1; 2).
Ta c y ' = 4 x 3 - 4mx = 4 x( x 2 - m)

Cu 5.

+ m 0 , y 0, "x m 0 tho mn.


+ m > 0 , y = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit: - m , 0,
Hm s (1) ng bin trn (1; 2) khi ch khi

m.

m 1 0 < m 1.

Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m hm ng bin trn ( 0; + ) .

Cu 6.

Trang 1

Vy m ( -;1] .

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Hm ng bin trn (0; +) y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m ) x + (2 - m ) 0 vi "x (0; +)


3x 2 + 2 x + 2
f ( x) =
m vi "x (0; +)
4x +1
2(6 x 2 + x - 3)
-1 73
Ta c: f ( x ) =
= 0 6x2 + x - 3 = 0 x =
2
12
(4 x + 1)
Lp bng bin thin ca hm f ( x ) trn (0; +) , t ta i n kt lun:
-1 + 73
3 + 73
f
m
m
12

KSHS 02: CC TR CA HM S
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha i vi trc honh.
PT honh giao im ca (C) v trc honh:
x = -1
x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + m 2 = 0
(1)
2
(2)
g( x ) = x + 2 x + m - 2 = 0
(Cm) c 2 im cc tr nm v 2 pha i vi trc 0x PT (1) c 3 nghim phn bit

(2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1 D = 3 - m > 0
m<3
g(-1) = m - 3 0

Cu 7.

Cho hm s y = - x 3 + (2 m + 1) x 2 - (m 2 - 3m + 2) x - 4 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).


1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 1.
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha ca trc tung.

Cu 8.

y = -3 x 2 + 2(2 m + 1) x - (m 2 - 3m + 2) .
(Cm) c cc im C v CT nm v hai pha ca trc tung PT y = 0 c 2 nghim tri
du 3(m 2 - 3m + 2) < 0 1 < m < 2 .
1
Cho hm s y = x 3 - mx 2 + (2m - 1) x - 3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 2.
2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu nm v cng mt pha i vi trc tung.
TX: D = R ; y = x 2 2mx + 2 m 1 .

Cu 9.

th (Cm) c 2 im C, CT nm cng pha i vi trc tung y = 0 c 2 nghim phn


m 1
D = m 2 - 2m + 1 > 0

bit cng du

1
2m - 1 > 0
m > 2
Cu 10. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3x 2 - mx + 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 1.


2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu cch u ng thng y = x - 1 .
Trang 2

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
Gi hai im cc tr l A ( x1 ; y1 ) ; B ( x2 ; y2 )
1
m
1
2m

Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x - y '-


+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
3
3

m
m
2m

2m

+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
3
3

m
2m

+ 2 x + 2 -
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = -
3
3

Cc im cc tr cch u ng thng y = x - 1 xy ra 1 trong 2 trng hp:
TH1: ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr song song hoc trng vi ng thng y = x - 1
3
2m

-
+ 2 = 1 m = - (tha mn)
2
3

TH2: Trung im I ca AB nm trn ng thng y = x - 1


y + y2 x1 + x2
m
2m

+ 2 ( x1 + x2 ) + 2 2 - = ( x1 + x2 ) - 2
yI = xI - 1 1
=
-1 -
2
2
3
3

2m
2m

+ 3 .2 = 6 m=0
3
3

Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l: m = 0; -
2

Cu 11. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 4m 3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 1.


2) Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x.
x = 0
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 - 6 mx ; y = 0
. hm s c cc i v cc tiu th m 0.
x = 2m
uur
th hm s c hai im cc tr l: A(0; 4m3), B(2m; 0) AB = (2m; -4 m3 )
Trung im ca on AB l I(m; 2m3)
2
2 m - 4 m3 = 0
AB ^ d
A, B i xng nhau qua ng thng d: y = x
3
m=
2
I d
2 m = m
Cu 12. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3mx 2 - 3m - 1 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.


2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c im cc i v im cc tiu i xng vi
nhau qua ng thng d: x + 8y - 74 = 0 .

y = -3 x 2 + 6 mx ; y = 0 x = 0 x = 2 m .
Hm s c C, CT PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 0 .
uuur
Khi 2 im cc tr l: A(0; -3m - 1), B(2 m; 4 m3 - 3m - 1) AB(2m; 4m 3 )
Trung im I ca AB c to : I (m; 2 m3 - 3m - 1)
r
ng thng d: x + 8y - 74 = 0 c mt VTCP u = (8; -1) .
Trang 3

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

m + 8(2m3 - 3m - 1) - 74 = 0
I d
A v B i xng vi nhau qua d
uuur r
m=2
AB
^
d
=
AB
.
u
0

Cu 13. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx

(1).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.
2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s (1) c cc im cc i v im cc tiu i xng
vi nhau qua ng thng d: x 2 y 5 = 0 .

Ta c y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + mx y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x + m
Hm s c cc i, cc tiu y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit D = 9 - 3m > 0 m < 3
1
2

1
1
Ta c: y = x - y + m - 2 x + m
3
3
3
3

Ti cc im cc tr th y = 0 , do ta cc im cc tr tha mn phng trnh:


2

1
y = m - 2 x + m
3
3

1
Nh vy ng thng D i qua cc im cc tr c phng trnh y = m - 2 x + m
3
3

2
nn D c h s gc k1 = m - 2 .
3
1
5
1
d: x 2 y 5 = 0 y = x - d c h s gc k2 =
2
2
2
hai im cc tr i xng qua d th ta phi c d ^ D

12
k1k2 = -1 m - 2 = -1 m = 0
23

Vi m = 0 th th c hai im cc tr l (0; 0) v (2; 4), nn trung im ca chng l


I(1; 2). Ta thy I d, do hai im cc tr i xng vi nhau qua d.
Vy: m = 0
Cu 14. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 9 x + m - 2 (1) c th l (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.


2) Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c im cc i v im cc tiu i xng vi
1
nhau qua ng thng d: y = x .
2

y ' = 3 x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 9
Hm s c C, CT D ' = 9(m + 1)2 - 3.9 > 0 m (-; -1 - 3) (-1 + 3; +)
1
m +1
2
Ta c y = x y - 2(m + 2m - 2) x + 4m + 1
3
3

Gi s cc im cc i v cc tiu l A( x1; y1 ), B( x2 ; y2 ) , I l trung im ca AB.


y1 = -2(m 2 + 2m - 2) x1 + 4 m + 1 ; y2 = -2(m 2 + 2 m - 2) x2 + 4 m + 1
x + x = 2(m + 1)
v: 1 2
x1 .x2 = 3
Vy ng thng i qua hai im cc i v cc tiu l y = -2(m 2 + 2 m - 2) x + 4 m + 1
Trang 4

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Trn S Tng
A, B i xng qua (d): y =

100 Kho st hm s
1
AB ^ d
x
m = 1.
2
I d

Cu 15. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 9 x - m , vi m l tham s thc.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho ng vi m = 1 .


2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1 , x 2 sao cho x1 - x 2 2 .

Ta c y ' = 3x 2 - 6(m + 1) x + 9.
+ Hm s t cc i, cc tiu ti x1 , x 2 PT y '= 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1 , x 2
PT x 2 - 2(m + 1) x + 3 = 0 c hai nghim phn bit l x1 , x 2 .
m > -1 + 3
D' = (m + 1) 2 - 3 > 0
(1)
m
<
1
3

+ Theo nh l Viet ta c x1 + x 2 = 2(m + 1); x1 x 2 = 3. Khi :


x1 - x 2 2 ( x1 + x 2 )2 - 4 x1 x 2 4 4(m + 1)2 - 12 4

(m + 1)2 4 -3 m 1

(2)

+ T (1) v (2) suy ra gi tr ca m cn tm l - 3 m < -1 - 3 v - 1 + 3 < m 1.


Cu 16. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2 m) x 2 + (2 - m ) x + m + 2 , vi m l tham s thc.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho ng vi m = 1 .


2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1 , x2 sao cho x1 - x2 >

1
.
3

Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2 m) x + (2 - m)

Hm s c C, CT y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1 , x2 (gi s x1 < x2 )

5
(*)
D ' = (1 - 2 m )2 - 3(2 - m ) = 4 m 2 - m - 5 > 0 m > 4

m < -1

2(1 - 2 m)
x1 + x2 = 3
Hm s t cc tr ti cc im x1 , x2 . Khi ta c:
2
m
x x =
1 2
3
2
2
1
1
x1 - x2 > ( x1 - x2 ) = ( x1 + x2 ) - 4 x1x2 >
3
9
3 + 29
3 - 29
4(1 - 2m )2 - 4(2 - m) > 1 16m 2 - 12 m - 5 > 0 m >
m<
8
8
3 + 29
Kt hp (*), ta suy ra m >
m < -1
8
1 3
1
x - (m - 1) x 2 + 3(m - 2) x + , vi m l tham s thc.
3
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho ng vi m = 2 .
2) Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti x1 , x2 sao cho x1 + 2 x2 = 1 .

Cu 17. Cho hm s y =

Ta c: y = x 2 - 2(m - 1) x + 3(m - 2)

Trang 5

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Hm s c cc i v cc tiu y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1 , x2

D > 0 m 2 - 5m + 7 > 0 (lun ng vi "m)


x + x = 2(m - 1)
x = 3 - 2m
Khi ta c: 1 2
2
x2 (1 - 2 x2 ) = 3(m - 2)
x1 x2 = 3(m - 2)
8m 2 + 16 m - 9 = 0 m =

-4 34
.
4

Cu 18. Cho hm s y = 4 x 3 + mx 2 3 x .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.


2) Tm m hm s c hai im cc tr x1 , x2 tha x1 = -4 x2 .

y = 12 x 2 + 2mx 3 . Ta c: D = m2 + 36 > 0, "m hm s lun c 2 cc tr x1 , x2 .

x1 = -4 x2

Khi : x1 + x2 = 6

x1 x2 = - 4
Cu hi tng t:

m=

9
2

a) y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 ; x1 + 2x2 = 3

S: m = -105 .

Cu 19. Cho hm s y = (m + 2) x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx - 5 , m l tham s.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 0.


2) Tm cc gi tr ca m cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s cho c honh
l cc s dng.
Cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s cho c honh l cc s dng
PT y ' = 3(m + 2) x 2 + 6 x + m = 0 c 2 nghim dng phn bit
a = (m + 2) 0
D ' = 9 - 3m(m + 2) > 0
D ' = -m 2 - 2 m + 3 > 0
-3 < m < 1

P =
>0
m < 0
m < 0
-3 < m < -2
3(m + 2)

m + 2 < 0
m < -2

S = -3 > 0

m+2
Cu 20. Cho hm s y = x 3 3 x 2 + 2

(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2) Tm im M thuc ng thng d: y = 3 x - 2 sao tng khong cch t M ti hai im cc
tr nh nht.
Cc im cc tr l: A(0; 2), B(2; 2).
Xt biu thc g( x , y ) = 3 x - y - 2 ta c:
g( x A , y A ) = 3 x A - y A - 2 = -4 < 0; g( x B , yB ) = 3 x B - yB - 2 = 6 > 0

2 im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha ca ng thng d: y = 3 x - 2 .


Do MA + MB nh nht 3 im A, M, B thng hng M l giao im ca d v AB.
Phng trnh ng thng AB: y = -2 x + 2
Trang 6

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

x=

y
=
3
x
2

4 2
5
Ta im M l nghim ca h:
M ;

5 5
y = -2 x + 2
y = 2

5
Cu 21. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 2 m) x 2 + (2 m ) x + m + 2 (m l tham s) (1).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m = 2.


2) Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s (1) c im cc i, im cc tiu, ng thi
honh ca im cc tiu nh hn 1.

y = 3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2 m) x + 2 - m = g( x )
YCBT phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit x1 , x2 tha mn: x1 < x2 < 1 .
D = 4m 2 - m - 5 > 0
5
7

g(1) = -5m + 7 > 0 < m < .

4
5
S = 2m - 1 < 1
2
3
y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 - 1) x - m3 + m (1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2) Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr ng thi khong cch t im cc i ca th hm s
n gc ta O bng 2 ln khong cch t im cc tiu ca th hm s n gc ta
O.
Ta c y = 3 x 2 - 6mx + 3(m 2 - 1)

Cu 22. Cho hm s

Hm s (1) c cc tr th PT y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit


x 2 - 2mx + m 2 - 1 = 0 c 2 nhim phn bit D = 1 > 0, "m
Khi : im cc i A(m - 1; 2 - 2m ) v im cc tiu B(m + 1; -2 - 2m )
m = -3 + 2 2
Ta c OA = 2OB m 2 + 6m + 1 = 0
.
m = -3 - 2 2
Cu 23. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3mx 2 + 3(1 - m 2 ) x + m 3 - m 2

(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
y = -3 x 2 + 6 mx + 3(1 - m 2 ) .

PT y = 0 c D = 1 > 0, "m th hm s (1) lun c 2 im cc tr ( x1 ; y1 ), ( x2 ; y2 ) .


Chia y cho y ta c:
Khi :

1
m
y = x - y + 2 x - m2 + m
3
3

y1 = 2 x1 - m2 + m ; y2 = 2 x2 - m 2 + m

PT ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1) l y = 2 x - m 2 + m .


Cu 24. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3x 2 - mx + 2 c th l (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.


2) Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng thng i qua cc im cc tr song
song vi ng thng d: y = -4 x + 3 .
Trang 7

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1 ; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
Gi hai im cc tr l A ( x1 ; y1 ) ; B ( x2 ; y2 )
1
m
1
2m

Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x - y '-


+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
3
3

m
m
2m

2m

+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
3
3

m
2m

+ 2 x + 2 -
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l d: y = -
3
3

ng thng i qua cc im cc tr song song vi d: y = -4 x + 3
2m

- 3 + 2 = -4

m = 3 (tha mn)
2 - m 3

3
Cu 25. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3x 2 - mx + 2 c th l (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.


2) Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng thng i qua cc im cc tr to
vi ng thng d: x + 4 y 5 = 0 mt gc 450 .
Ta c: y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m .
Hm s c C, CT y ' = 3 x 2 - 6 x - m = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1 ; x2
D ' = 9 + 3m > 0 m > -3 (*)
Gi hai im cc tr l A ( x1 ; y1 ) ; B ( x2 ; y2 )
1
m
1
2m

Thc hin php chia y cho y ta c: y = x - y '-


+ 2 x + 2 -
3
3
3
3

m
m
2m

2m

+ 2 x1 + 2 - ; y2 = y ( x2 ) = -
+ 2 x2 + 2 -
y1 = y ( x1 ) = -
3
3
3

m
2m

+ 2 x + 2 -
Phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im cc tr l D: y = -
3
3

1
2m

t k = -
+ 2 . ng thng d: x + 4 y 5 = 0 c h s gc bng - .
4
3

1
1
3
39

1
k
=
k
+
=
1
k
m
=
k+

5
4
4
10
4
Ta c: tan 45o =

1
1
1
5
k = k + = -1 + k
m = - 1
1- k

4
4
4
3
2

1
Kt hp iu kin (*), suy ra gi tr m cn tm l: m = 2
Cu 26. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3 x 2 + m

(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -4 .

2) Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho AOB = 120 0 .


Trang 8

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

x = -2 y = m + 4
Ta c: y = 3 x 2 + 6 x ; y = 0
x = 0 y = m
Vy hm s c hai im cc tr A(0 ; m) v B(-2 ; m + 4)
uur
uur

1
OA = (0; m), OB = (-2; m + 4) . AOB = 120 0 th cos AOB = 2
-4 < m < 0
m(m + 4)
1

= - m 2 ( 4 + (m + 4)2 ) = -2m(m + 4) 2
2
3m + 24m + 44 = 0
m 2 ( 4 + (m + 4)2 )
-4 < m < 0
-12 + 2 3

-12 2 3 m =
3
m =
3
Cu 27. Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx 2 + 3(m2 1) x m 3

(Cm)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -2 .
2) Chng minh rng (Cm) lun c im cc i v im cc tiu ln lt chy trn mi
ng thng c nh.
x = m +1
y = 3 x 2 - 6 mx + 3(m 2 - 1) ; y = 0
x = m -1
x = -1 + t
im cc i M (m 1;2 3m) chy trn ng thng c nh:
y = 2 - 3t
x = 1+ t
im cc tiu N (m + 1; -2 m) chy trn ng thng c nh:
y = -2 - 3t
1 4
3
x - mx 2 +
(1)
2
2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 3 .
2) Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i.

Cu 28. Cho hm s y =

x = 0
y = 2 x3 - 2mx = 2 x ( x 2 - m) . y = 0 2
x = m
th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i PT y = 0 c 1 nghim m 0
Cu 29. Cho hm s y = f ( x) = x 4 + 2(m - 2) x 2 + m 2 - 5m + 5

(Cm ) .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) hm s khi m = 1.


2) Tm cc gi tr ca m th (Cm ) ca hm s c cc im cc i, cc tiu to thnh 1
tam gic vung cn.
x = 0
Ta c f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 4(m - 2) x = 0 2
x = 2 - m
Hm s c C, CT PT f ( x ) = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit m < 2 (*)

Khi to cc im cc tr l: A ( 0; m 2 - 5m + 5 ) , B ( 2 - m ;1 - m ) , C ( - 2 - m ;1 - m )
uur
uuur
AB = ( 2 - m ; -m 2 + 4 m - 4 ) , AC = ( - 2 - m ; - m 2 + 4m - 4 )
Do DABC lun cn ti A, nn bi ton tho mn khi DABC vung ti A
3
AB.AC = 0 (m - 2 ) = -1 m = 1 (tho (*))
Trang 9

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Cu 30. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2(m - 2) x 2 + m 2 - 5m + 5

(C m )

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 1.


2) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c im cc i v im cc tiu, ng thi
cc im cc i v im cc tiu lp thnh mt tam gic u.
x = 0
Ta c f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 4(m - 2) x = 0 2
x = 2 - m
Hm s c C, CT PT f ( x ) = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit m < 2

(*)

Khi to cc im cc tr l: A ( 0; m 2 - 5m + 5 ) , B ( 2 - m ;1 - m ) , C ( - 2 - m ;1 - m )
uur
uuur
AB = ( 2 - m ; -m 2 + 4 m - 4 ) , AC = ( - 2 - m ; - m 2 + 4m - 4 )
1
Do DABC lun cn ti A, nn bi ton tho mn khi A = 60 0 cos A =
2
uuur uuur
AB. AC
1
uuur uuur = m = 2 - 3 3 .
AB . AC 2
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s: y = x 4 - 4(m - 1) x 2 + 2 m - 1
Cu 31. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2 mx 2 + m 2 + m c th (Cm) .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 2.


2) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im cc tr, ng thi ba im cc tr
lp thnh mt tam gic c mt gc bng 1200 .
x = 0
Ta c y = 4 x 3 + 4 mx ; y = 0 4 x( x 2 + m) = 0
x = - m

(m < 0)

Khi cc im cc tr l: A(0; m 2 + m ), B ( - m ; m ) , C ( - - m ; m )
uur
uuur

AB = ( - m ; - m 2 ) ; AC = (- - m ; -m 2 ) . DABC cn ti A nn gc 120o chnh l A .


uur uuur

1
AB. AC
1
- -m . -m + m4
1
o
A = 120 cos A = - uur uuur = -
=4
2
2
2
m -m
AB . AC
m = 0
(loai)
1
4
4
4
1

= - 2 m + 2 m = m - m 3m + m = 0
m = - 3
2
m4 - m
3

1
.
Vy m = 3
3
m + m4

Cu 32. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 mx 2 + m - 1 c th (Cm) .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 1.


2) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im cc tr, ng thi ba im cc tr
lp thnh mt tam gic c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip bng 1.
x = 0
Ta c y = 4 x 3 - 4mx = 4 x( x 2 - m ) = 0 2
x = m
Hm s cho c ba im cc tr PT y = 0 c ba nghim phn bit v y i du khi
x i qua cc nghim m > 0 . Khi ba im cc tr ca th (Cm) l:
A(0; m - 1), B ( - m ; - m 2 + m - 1) , C ( m ; - m 2 + m - 1)
Trang 10

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

1
y - y A . xC - xB = m 2 m ; AB = AC = m 4 + m , BC = 2 m
2 B
m = 1
(m 4 + m)2 m
AB. AC.BC
3
R=
=1
= 1 m - 2m + 1 = 0
2
m = 5 - 1
4SV ABC
4m m

2
Cu hi tng t:
SV ABC =

a) y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 1

S: m = 1, m =

-1 + 5
2

Cu 33. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2mx 2 + 2m + m 4 c th (Cm) .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 1.


2) Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im cc tr, ng thi ba im cc tr
lp thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 4.
x = 0
Ta c y ' = 4 x 3 - 4mx = 0
2
g ( x) = x - m = 0
Hm s c 3 cc tr y ' = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit D g = m > 0 m > 0 (*)
Vi iu kin (*), phng trnh y = 0 c 3 nghim x1 = - m ; x2 = 0; x3 = m . Hm s t

cc tr ti x1 ; x2 ; x3 . Gi A(0; 2m + m 4 ); B ( m ; m 4 - m 2 + 2m ) ; C ( - m ; m 4 - m2 + 2m ) l 3
im cc tr ca (Cm) .
Ta c: AB 2 = AC 2 = m 4 + m; BC 2 = 4m DABC cn nh A
Gi M l trung im ca BC M (0; m 4 - m 2 + 2 m) AM = m 2 = m 2
V D ABC cn ti A nn AM cng l ng cao, do :
5

SD ABC =

1
1
AM .BC = .m 2 . 4m = 4 m 2 = 4 m 5 = 16 m = 5 16
2
2

Vy m = 5 16 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + 1 , S = 32

S: m = 2

KSHS 03: S TNG GIAO


3

Cu 34. Cho hm s y = x + 3x + mx + 1 (m l tham s)

(1)
1) Kho st v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2) Tm m ng thng d: y = 1 ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C
sao cho cc tip tuyn ca th hm s (1) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau.

PT honh giao im ca (1) v d: x 3 + 3 x 2 + mx + 1 = 1 x ( x 2 + 3 x + m) = 0


9
d ct (1) ti 3 im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C m < , m 0
4
Khi : xB , xC l cc nghim ca PT: x 2 + 3 x + m = 0 x B + xC = -3; x B .xC = m
H s gc ca tip tuyn ti B l k1 = 3 x B2 + 6 xB + m v ti C l k2 = 3 xC2 + 6 xC + m
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau k1.k2 = -1 4m 2 - 9m + 1 = 0

m=
Trang 11

9 - 65
9 + 65
m=
8
8

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Cu 35. Cho hm s y = x 3 3 x + 1 c th (C) v ng thng (d): y = mx + m + 3 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm m (d) ct (C) ti M(1; 3), N, P sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc
vi nhau.

Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 (m + 3) x m 2 = 0


x = -1 ( y = 3)
( x + 1)( x 2 x m 2) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - x - m - 2 = 0
9
d ct (1) ti 3 im phn bit M(1; 3), N, P m > - , m 0
4
Khi : xN , xP l cc nghim ca PT: x 2 - x - m - 2 = 0 x N + x P = 1; x N . x P = - m - 2
H s gc ca tip tuyn ti N l k1 = 3 x N2 - 3 v ti P l k2 = 3 x P2 - 3
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc vi nhau k1.k2 = -1 9m 2 + 18m + 1 = 0

m=

-3 + 2 2
-3 - 2 2
m=
3
3

Cu 36. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4

(C)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi (d) l ng thng i qua im A(2; 0) c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct (C) ti ba
im phn bit A, M, N sao cho hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti M v N vung gc vi nhau.
PT ng thng (d): y = k ( x - 2)
+ PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 = k ( x - 2)

x = 2 = xA
( x - 2)( x 2 - x - 2 - k ) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - x - 2 - k = 0
+ (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, M, N PT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit, khc 2
D > 0
9

(*)
- <k0
4
f (2) 0
x + xN = 1
+ Theo nh l Viet ta c: M
xM xN = - k - 2
+ Cc tip tuyn ti M v N vung gc vi nhau y ( x ).y ( x ) = -1
M

(3 xM2 - 6 xM )(3 xN2 - 6 xN ) = -1 9k 2 + 18k + 1 = 0 k =

-3 2 2
3

(tho (*))

Cu 37. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x (C)

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Chng minh rng khi m thay i, ng thng (d): y = m( x + 1) + 2 lun ct th (C) ti
mt im M c nh v xc nh cc gi tr ca m (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit M, N, P
sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc vi nhau.
x +1 = 0
PT honh giao im ( x + 1)( x 2 - x - 2 - m ) = 0 (1) 2
x - x - 2 - m = 0
(1) lun c 1 nghim x = -1 ( y = 2 ) (d) lun ct (C) ti im M(1; 2).

Trang 12

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

m > (d) ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit (2) c 2 nghim phn bit, khc 1
4 (*)
m 0
Tip tuyn ti N, P vung gc y '( xN ). y '( xP ) = -1 m =

-3 2 2
(tho (*))
3

Cu 38. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m2 - 1) x - (m 2 - 1) ( m l tham s)

(1).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0.


2) Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s (1) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh
dng.
THS (1) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh dng, ta phi c:
(1) co 2 cc tr
y .y < 0
C CT
(*)
x > 0, x > 0
CT
C
a.y(0) < 0
Trong : + y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 3(m2 - 1) x - (m 2 - 1) y = 3 x 2 - 6 mx + 3(m 2 - 1)
+ Dy = m 2 - m 2 + 1 = 0 > 0, "m
x = m - 1 = xC
+ y = 0
x = m + 1 = xCT
m - 1 > 0
m + 1 > 0
Suy ra: (*) 2
3 < m < 1+ 2
2
2
m
m
m
m
(
1)(
3)(
2
1)
0
<

2
-(m - 1) < 0
1 3
2
x - mx 2 - x + m + c th (Cm ) .
3
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m (Cm ) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c tng bnh phng cc honh ln
hn 15.
1
2
YCBT x 3 - mx 2 - x + m + = 0 (*) c 3 nghim phn bit tha x12 + x22 + x32 > 15 .
3
3
x = 1
Ta c: (*) ( x - 1)( x 2 + (1 - 3m ) x - 2 - 3m ) = 0
2
g( x ) = x + (1 - 3m) x - 2 - 3m = 0

Cu 39. Cho hm s y =

Do : YCBT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim x1 , x2 phn bit khc 1 v tha x12 + x22 > 14 .


m >1
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s: y = x3 - 3mx 2 - 3x + 3m + 2
Cu 40. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + m , trong m l tham s thc.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho khi m = 0 .


2) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s cho ct trc honh ti 3 im
phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng.
th hm s ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng
Phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + m = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit lp thnh cp s cng
Trang 13

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x = - m c 3 nghim phn bit lp thnh cp s cng


ng thng y = - m i qua im un ca th (C)
-m = -11 m = 11.
Cu 41. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 + 9 x - 7 c th (Cm), trong m l tham s thc.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho khi m = 0 .


2) Tm m (Cm) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng.

Honh cc giao im l nghim ca phng trnh: x 3 - 3mx 2 + 9 x - 7 = 0


Gi honh cc giao im ln lt l x1; x2 ; x3 ta c: x1 + x2 + x3 = 3m

(1)

x1; x2 ; x3 lp thnh cp s cng th x2 = m l nghim ca phng trnh (1)

m = 1

-1 + 15
-2m 3 + 9m - 7 = 0 m =

-1 - 15
m =

2
-1 - 15
l gi tr cn tm.
2

Th li ta c m =

Cu 42. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3mx 2 - mx c th (Cm), trong m l tham s thc.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho khi m = 1 .


2) Tm m (Cm) ct ng thng d: y = x + 2 ti 3 im phn bit c honh lp thnh
cp s nhn.
Xt phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v d:
x 3 - 3mx 2 - mx = x + 2 g ( x ) = x3 - 3mx 2 - ( m + 1) x - 2 = 0
k cn: Gi s (C) ct d ti 3 im phn bit c honh x1 ; x2 ; x3 ln lt lp thnh cp

s nhn. Khi ta c: g ( x ) = ( x - x1 )( x - x2 )( x - x3 )
x1 + x2 + x3 = 3m

Suy ra: x1 x2 + x2 x3 + x1 x3 = - m - 1
x x x = 2
1 2 3

V x1 x3 = x22 x23 = 2 x2 = 3 2 nn ta c: -m - 1 = 4 + 3 2.3m m = k : Vi m = Vy m = -

5
3 2 +1
3

5
, thay vo tnh nghim thy tha mn.
3 2 +1
3

5
3 2 +1
3

Cu 43. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 2mx 2 + (m + 3) x + 4 c th l (Cm) (m l tham s).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C1) ca hm s trn khi m = 1.


2) Cho ng thng (d): y = x + 4 v im K(1; 3). Tm cc gi tr ca m (d) ct (Cm) ti
ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C sao cho tam gic KBC c din tch bng 8 2 .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v d l:
x 3 + 2 mx 2 + (m + 3) x + 4 = x + 4 x( x 2 + 2 mx + m + 2) = 0
Trang 14

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

x = 0 ( y = 4)

2
g( x ) = x + 2 mx + m + 2 = 0 (1)
(d) ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C (2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0.
2
/
m -1 m 2
(*)
D = m - m - 2 > 0
m -2
g(0) = m + 2 0
Khi : xB + xC = -2m; xB . xC = m + 2 .
Mt khc: d (K , d ) =
SDKBC = 8 2

1- 3 + 4
2

= 2 . Do :

1
BC.d ( K , d ) = 8 2 BC = 16 BC 2 = 256
2

( x B - xC )2 + ( yB - yC )2 = 256 ( x B - xC )2 + (( xB + 4) - ( xC + 4))2 = 256


2( xB - xC )2 = 256 ( xB + xC )2 - 4 x B xC = 128
4 m 2 - 4(m + 2) = 128 m 2 - m - 34 = 0 m =
Vy m =

1 137
(tha (*)).
2

1 137
.
2

Cu 44. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 c th l (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Gi dk l ng thng i qua im A(-1; 0) vi h s gc k (k ) . Tm k ng
thng dk ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C v 2 giao im B, C cng vi gc to
O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1.
Ta c: dk : y = kx + k kx - y + k = 0
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v d l:
x 3 - 3 x 2 + 4 = kx + k ( x + 1) ( x - 2)2 - k = 0 x = -1 hoc ( x - 2)2 = k
k > 0
dk ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit
k 9

Khi cc giao im l A(-1; 0), B ( 2 - k ;3k - k k ) , C ( 2 + k ;3k + k k ) .


BC = 2 k 1 + k 2 , d (O, BC ) = d (O, dk ) =

k
1+ k2

1
k
SDOBC = .
.2 k . 1 + k 2 = 1 k k = 1 k 3 = 1 k = 1
2 1+ k2
Cu 45. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 2 c th l (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Gi E l tm i xng ca th (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua E v ct (C) ti
ba im E, A, B phn bit sao cho din tch tam gic OAB bng
Ta c: E(1; 0). PT ng thng D qua E c dng y = k ( x - 1) .

2.

PT honh giao im ca (C) v D: ( x - 1)( x 2 - 2 x - 2 - k ) = 0

D ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit PT x 2 - 2 x - 2 - k = 0 c hai nghim phn bit khc 1


Trang 15

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100 Kho st hm s

k > -3
1
SDOAB = d (O, D). AB = k
2

Trn S Tng

k +3 k

k = -1
k +3 = 2
k = -1 3

Vy c 3 ng thng tho YCBT: y = - x + 1; y = ( -1 3 ) ( x - 1) .


Cu 46. Cho hm s y = x 3 + mx + 2

c th (Cm)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 3.
2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) vi trc honh:
2
x 3 + mx + 2 = 0 m = - x 2 - ( x 0)
x
2
2 -2 x 3 + 2
Xt hm s: f ( x ) = - x 2 - f '( x ) = -2 x +
=
x
x2
x2
Ta c bng bin thin:
-
+
f ( x)
+
f (x)

-
-
-
th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht m > -3 .
Cu 47. Cho hm s y = 2 x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6 mx - 2

c th (Cm)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht.

1- 3 < m < 1+ 3
Cu 48. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 6 c th l (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) nh m ng thng (d ) : y = mx - 2m - 4 ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit.

PT honh giao im ca (C) v (d): x 3 - 6 x 2 + 9 x - 6 = mx - 2m - 4


x = 2
( x - 2)( x 2 - 4 x + 1 - m ) = 0
2
g( x ) = x - 4 x + 1 - m = 0
(d) ct (C) ti ba im phn bit PT g( x ) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc 2 m > -3
Cu 49. Cho hm s y = x 3 3 x 2 + 1 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm m ng thng (D): y = (2 m - 1) x 4 m 1 ct th (C) ti ng hai im phn
bit.

Phng trnh honh giao ca (C) v (D): x 3 3 x 2 (2 m 1) x + 4 m + 2 = 0


x = 2
( x - 2)( x 2 x 2 m 1) = 0
2
f ( x ) = x - x - 2m - 1 = 0 (1)
2 x1 = x2
(D) ct (C) ti ng 2 im phn bit (1) phi c nghim x1 , x2 tha mn:
x1 = 2 x2
Trang 16

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Trn S Tng
D = 0
b
2
2 a

D > 0
f (2) = 0

5
1
Vy: m = - ; m = .
8
2

100 Kho st hm s
8m + 5 = 0

5
1
m = - 8
2

2
m = 1
8m + 5 > 0

2
-2 m + 1 = 0

Cu 50. Cho hm s y = x3 - 3m 2 x + 2m c th (Cm).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.


2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti ng hai im phn bit.
(Cm) ct trc honh ti ng hai im phn bit th (Cm) phi c 2 im cc tr
y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit 3x 2 - 3m 2 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit m 0
Khi y ' = 0 x = m .
(Cm) ct Ox ti ng 2 im phn bit yC = 0 hoc yCT = 0
Ta c:
+ y (- m) = 0 2m3 + 2m = 0 m = 0 (loi)
+ y (m) = 0 -2m3 + 2m = 0 m = 0 m = 1
Vy: m = 1

( )

Cu 51. Cho hm s y = x 4 - mx 2 + m - 1 c th l Cm

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 8 .


2) nh m th (Cm ) ct trc trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
m > 1

m 2

( )

Cu 52. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 ( m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l Cm .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi m = 0 .


2) nh m th (Cm ) ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s
cng.
Xt phng trnh honh giao im: x 4 - 2 ( m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 = 0

(1)

t t = x , t 0 th (1) tr thnh: f (t ) = t - 2 ( m + 1) t + 2m + 1 = 0 .
2

(Cm) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit th f (t ) = 0 phi c 2 nghim dng phn bit


D ' = m 2 > 0
1

m > S = 2 ( m + 1) > 0
2 (*)
P = 2m + 1 > 0
m 0

Vi (*), gi t1 < t2 l 2 nghim ca f (t ) = 0 , khi honh giao im ca (Cm) vi Ox ln


lt l: x1 = - t2 ; x2 = - t1 ; x3 = t1 ; x4 = t2
x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 lp thnh cp s cng x2 - x1 = x3 - x2 = x4 - x3 t2 = 9t1
m = 4
5m = 4m + 4
m + 1 + m = 9 ( m + 1 - m ) 5 m = 4 ( m + 1)

m = - 4
m
=
m
+
5
4
4

Trang 17

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Vy m = 4; -
9

Cu hi tng t i vi hm s y = - x 4 + 2(m + 2) x 2 - 2 m - 3

S: m = 3, m = -

13
.
9

Cu 53. Cho hm s y = x 4 (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m c th l (Cm), m l tham s.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.


2) Tm m ng thng y = -1 ct th (Cm) ti 4 im phn bit u c honh nh
hn 2.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (Cm) v ng thng y = -1 :
x = 1
x 4 (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m = -1 x 4 (3m + 2) x 2 + 3m + 1 = 0 2
x = 3m + 1 (*)
ng thng y = -1 ct (Cm) ti 4 im phn bit c honh nh hn 2 khi v ch khi
phng trnh (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc 1 v nh hn 2
1
0 < 3m + 1 < 4
- < m < 1

3
3m + 1 1
m 0

Cu 54. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2 ( m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l (Cm), m l tham s.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.


2) Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit u c honh nh hn 3.
Xt phng trnh honh giao im: x 4 - 2 ( m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 = 0
(1)
t t = x 2 , t 0 th (1) tr thnh: f (t ) = t 2 - 2 ( m + 1) t + 2m + 1 = 0 .
(Cm) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit c honh nh hn 3
0 = t1 < t2 < 3
f ( t ) c 2 nghim phn bit t1 , t2 sao cho:
0 < t1 < 3 t2
D ' = m 2 > 0
2
D ' = m > 0

1
f ( 3) = 4 - 4m 0
f (0) = 2m + 1 = 0
m = - m 1
2
S = 2 ( m + 1) < 3 S = 2 ( m + 1) > 0

P = 2m + 1 > 0

1
Vy: m = - m 1 .
2
Cu 55. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + m 4 + 2m (1), vi m l tham s.

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 ..


2) Chng minh th hm s (1) lun ct trc Ox ti t nht hai im phn bit, vi mi
m < 0.
Phng trnh honh giao im ca th (1) v trc Ox:
x 4 - 2m 2 x 2 + m 4 + 2m = 0 (1)
t t = x 2 ( t 0 ) , (1) tr thnh : t 2 - 2m 2t + m4 + 2m = 0
(2)
Ta c : D ' = -2m > 0 v S = 2m2 > 0 vi mi m > 0 . Nn (2) c nghim dng
(1) c t nht 2 nghim phn bit th hm s (1) lun ct trc Ox ti t nht hai
im phn bit.
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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

2x +1
c th l (C).
x+2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Chng minh rng ng thng d: y = - x + m lun ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A,
B. Tm m on AB c di nh nht.
2x +1
PT honh giao im ca (C) v d:
= -x + m
x+2
x -2

2
f ( x ) = x + (4 - m ) x + 1 - 2 m = 0 (1)

Cu 56. Cho hm s y =

Do (1) c D = m 2 + 1 > 0 v f (-2) = (-2)2 + (4 - m).(-2) + 1 - 2 m = -3 0, "m


nn ng thng d lun lun ct th (C ) ti hai im phn bit A, B.
Ta c: y A = m - x A ; yB = m - xB nn AB 2 = ( x B - x A )2 + ( yB - y A )2 = 2(m 2 + 12)
Suy ra AB ngn nht AB 2 nh nht m = 0 . Khi : AB = 24 .
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s:
x -1
1
x-2
a) y =
S: m = 2
b) y =
S: m =
x -1
2x
2
x-3
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua im I (-1;1) v ct th (C) ti hai im M, N
sao cho I l trung im ca on MN.
Phng trnh ng thng d : y = k ( x + 1) + 1

Cu 57. Cho hm s y =

x -3
= kx + k + 1 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1 .
x +1
f ( x ) = kx 2 + 2kx + k + 4 = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1
k 0

D = -4k > 0 k < 0


f (-1) = 4 0

d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit M, N

Mt khc: xM + xN = -2 = 2 xI I l trung im MN vi "k < 0 .


Kt lun: Phng trnh ng thng cn tm l y = kx + k + 1 vi k < 0 .
2x + 4
(C).
1- x
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi (d) l ng thng qua A(1; 1) v c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct (C) ti hai im M,
N sao cho MN = 3 10 .
Phng trnh ng thng (d ) : y = k ( x - 1) + 1.
Bi ton tr thnh: Tm k h phng trnh sau c hai nghim ( x1; y1 ), ( x2 ; y2 ) phn bit

Cu 58. Cho hm s y =

sao cho ( x2 - x1 ) + ( y2 - y1 ) = 90
2

2x + 4
= k ( x - 1) + 1

-x +1
y = k ( x - 1) + 1

(a)

kx 2 - (2k - 3) x + k + 3 = 0
(I). Ta c: ( I )
y = k ( x - 1) + 1

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

(I) c hai nghim phn bit PT kx 2 - (2k - 3) x + k + 3 = 0 (b) c hai nghim phn bit.
3
k 0, k < .
8
2
2
Ta bin i (a) tr thnh: (1 + k 2 ) ( x2 - x1 ) = 90 (1 + k 2 ) ( x2 + x1 ) - 4 x2 x1 = 90 (c)
2k - 3
k +3
Theo nh l Viet cho (b) ta c: x1 + x2 =
, x1 x2 =
, th vo (c) ta c phng
k
k
8k 3 + 27k 2 + 8k - 3 = 0 (k + 3)(8k 2 + 3k - 1) = 0
trnh:
-3 + 41
-3 - 41
; k=
.
16
16
Kt lun: Vy c 3 gi tr ca k tho mn nh trn.
k = -3; k =

2x - 2
(C).
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm m ng thng (d): y = 2 x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho

Cu 59. Cho hm s y =

AB = 5 .
2x - 2
= 2 x + m 2 x 2 + mx + m + 2 = 0 ( x -1)
x +1
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B (1) c 2 nghim phn bit x1 , x2 khc 1

PT honh giao im:

(1)

m2 - 8m - 16 > 0
(2)
m

x1 + x2 = - 2
. Gi A ( x1; 2 x1 + m ) , B ( x2 ; 2 x2 + m ) .
Khi ta c:
+
2
m
x1 x2 =

2
AB2 = 5 ( x1 - x2 )2 + 4( x1 - x2 )2 = 5 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4x1 x2 = 1 m2 - 8m - 20 = 0
m = 10

m = -2
Vy: m = 10; m = -2 .

(tho (2))

x -1
(1).
x+m
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1 .
2) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho ng thng (d): y = x + 2 ct th hm s (1) ti

Cu 60. Cho hm s y =

hai im A v B sao cho AB = 2 2 .

PT honh giao im:

x -m
x -1
= x+2 2
x+m
x + (m + 1) x + 2 m + 1 = 0

(*)

d ct th hm s (1) ti hai im A, B phn bit (*) c hai nghim phn bit khc -m
2

D > 0
(**)

m - 6 m - 3 > 0 m < 3 - 2 3 m > 3 + 2 3


x -m
m -1
m -1
x + x = -(m + 1)
Khi gi x1 , x2 l cc nghim ca (*), ta c 1 2
x1. x2 = 2m + 1
Cc giao im ca d v th hm s (1) l A( x1; x1 + 2), B( x2 ; x2 + 2) .
Trang 20

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

Suy ra AB 2 = 2( x1 - x2 )2 = 2 ( x1 + x2 )2 - 4 x1 x2 = 2(m2 - 6 m - 3)

m = -1
Theo gi thit ta c 2(m 2 - 6 m - 3) = 8 m 2 - 6m - 7 = 0
m = 7
Kt hp vi iu kin (**) ta c m = 7 l gi tr cn tm.
2x - 1
(C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm m ng thng d: y = x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho DOAB
vung ti O.

Cu 61. Cho hm s y =

Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v d: x 2 + (m - 3) x + 1 - m = 0,

x 1 (*)

(*) c D = m 2 - 2 m + 5 > 0, "m R v (*) khng c nghim x = 1.


x + xB = 3 - m
(*) lun c 2 nghim phn bit l x A , xB . Theo nh l Vit: A
x A .xB = 1 - m
Khi : A ( x A ; x A + m ) , B ( x B ; x B + m )
uur uur
DOAB vung ti O th OA.OB = 0 x A xB + ( x A + m )( xB + m ) = 0
2 x A x B + m( x A + x B ) + m 2 = 0 m = -2

Vy: m = 2.
x+2
.
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m th trn (C) lun c cp im A, B nm v hai nhnh
x - yA + m = 0
ca (C) v tha A
.
x B - yB + m = 0

Cu 62. Cho hm s: y =

x - yA + m = 0
y = xA + m
Ta c: A
A
A, B (d ) : y = x + m
x B - yB + m = 0
yB = x B + m
A, B l giao im ca (C) v (d). Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d):
x+2
f ( x ) = x 2 + (m - 3) x - (2 m + 2) = 0 ( x 2)
(*).
x+m =
x-2
(*) c D = m2 + 2m + 17 > 0, "m (d) lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B.
V 1. f (2) = -4 < 0 x A < 2 < x B hoc xB < 2 < x A (pcm).

KSHS 04: TIP TUYN


Cu 63. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 - 2m) x 2 + (2 - m) x + m + 2 (1)

(m l tham s).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) vi m = 2.
2) Tm tham s m th ca hm s (1) c tip tuyn to vi ng thng d: x + y + 7 = 0
1
gc a , bit cos a =
.
26
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100 Kho st hm s

r
Gi k l h s gc ca tip tuyn tip tuyn c VTPT n1 = (k; -1)
r
ng thng d c VTPT n2 = (1;1) .

Trn S Tng

3
r r
k=
n1.n2

1
k -1
2
Ta c cos a = r r
=
12 k 2 - 26 k + 12 = 0
2
n1 . n2
26
k = 2
2 k +1

3
YCBT tho mn t nht mt trong hai phng trnh sau c nghim:
3
2
3
+
+
=
3
2
(
1
2
)
2
x
m
x
m
y
=

D/ 1 0
8m 2 - 2m - 1 0
2
2

/
2

3 x 2 + 2(1 - 2m) x + 2 - m = 2
y = 2
D 2 0
4m - m - 3 0

3
3
1
1

m - 4 ; m 2
1
1

m - hoc m
4
2
m - 3 ; m 1

4
Cu 64. Cho hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 + 1 c th (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm hai im A, B thuc th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi
nhau v di on AB = 4 2 .

Gi s A(a; a3 - 3a2 + 1), B(b; b3 - 3b2 + 1) thuc (C), vi a b .


V tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau nn:
y (a) = y (b) 3a2 - 6a = 3b2 - 6 b a 2 - b2 - 2(a - b) = 0 (a - b)(a + b - 2) = 0
a + b - 2 = 0 b = 2 - a . V a b nn a 2 - a a 1
Ta c: AB = (b - a)2 + (b3 - 3b2 + 1 - a3 + 3a2 - 1)2 = (b - a)2 + (b3 - a3 - 3(b2 - a2 ))2
= (b - a)2 + (b - a)3 + 3ab(b - a) - 3(b - a)(b + a)
= (b - a)2 + (b - a)2 (b - a)2 + 3ab - 3.2

= (b - a)2 + (b - a)2 (b + a)2 - ab - 6 = (b - a)2 + (b - a)2 (-2 - ab)2


AB 2 = (b - a)2 1 + (-2 - ab)2 = (2 - 2a)2 1 + (a2 - 2a - 2)2
2

= 4(a - 1)2 1 + (a - 1)2 - 3 = 4(a - 1)2 (a - 1)4 - 6(a - 1)2 + 10

= 4(a - 1)6 - 24(a - 1)4 + 40(a - 1)2


M AB = 4 2 nn 4(a - 1)6 - 24(a - 1)4 + 40(a - 1)2 = 32
(a - 1)6 - 6(a - 1)4 + 10(a - 1)2 - 8 = 0

(*)

t t = (a - 1)2 , t > 0 . Khi (*) tr thnh:


a = 3 b = -1
t 3 - 6t 2 + 10t - 8 = 0 (t - 4)(t 2 - 2t + 2) = 0 t = 4 (a - 1)2 = 4
a = -1 b = 3
Vy 2 im tho mn YCBT l: A(3;1), B(-1; -3) .

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

y = 3 x - x 3 (C).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn ng thng (d): y = - x cc im m t k c ng 2 tip tuyn phn bit
vi th (C).
Cc im cn tm l: A(2; 2) v B(2; 2).

Cu 65. Cho hm s

Cu 66. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 - 2

(C).
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn ng thng (d): y = 2 cc im m t k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi
th (C).
Gi M ( m;2) ( d ) .
PT ng thng D i qua im M v c h s gc k c dng : y = k ( x - m ) + 2
2
3
(*).
D l tip tuyn ca (C) h PT sau c nghim - x 2+ 3 x - 2 = k ( x - m) + 2 (1)
(2)
-3 x + 6 x = k

Thay (2) v (1) ta c: 2 x 3 - 3(m + 1) x 2 + 6 mx - 4 = 0 ( x - 2) 2 x 2 - (3m - 1) x + 2 = 0


x = 2

2
f ( x ) = 2 x - (3m - 1) x + 2 = 0 (3)

T M k c 3 tip tuyn n th (C) h (*) c 3 nghim x phn bit


5

D > 0
m < -1 hoc m >
(3) c hai nghim phn bit khc 2

3 .
f (2) 0 m 2

m < -1 hoc m >


Vy t cc im M(m; 2) (d): y = 2 vi
3 c th k c 3 tip tuyn
m 2
n (C).
1 3
mx + (m - 1) x 2 + (4 - 3m) x + 1 c th l (Cm).
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2) Tm cc gi tr m sao cho trn th (Cm) tn ti mt im duy nht c honh m m
tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng (d): x + 2 y - 3 = 0 .

Cu 67. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) =

(d) c h s gc -

1
tip tuyn c h s gc k = 2 . Gi x l honh tip im th:
2

f '( x ) = 2 mx 2 + 2(m - 1) x + (4 - 3m) = 2 mx 2 + 2(m - 1) x + 2 - 3m = 0


YCBT (1) c ng mt nghim m.
+ Nu m = 0 th (1) -2 x = -2 x = 1 (loi)
2 - 3m
+ Nu m 0 th d thy phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim l x = 1 hay x=
m
m < 0
2 - 3m
Do (1) c mt nghim m th
<0
m > 2
m

3
Vy m < 0 hay m >

2
.
3
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100 Kho st hm s
Cu 68. Cho hm s

Trn S Tng
2

y = ( x + 1) . ( x - 1)

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Cho im A(a; 0) . Tm a t A k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi th (C).

Ta c y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 .
Phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(a; 0) v c h s gc k : y = k ( x - a)
x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 = k ( x - a)
d l tip tuyn ca (C) h phng trnh sau c nghim: ( I )
4 x3 - 4 x = k

4 x ( x 2 - 1) = k
k = 0
Ta c: ( I ) 2
hoc
( B)
( A)
2
f ( x ) = 3 x - 4 ax + 1 = 0 (1)
x -1 = 0
+ T h (A), ch cho ta mt tip tuyn duy nht l d1 : y = 0 .
+ Vy t A k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi (C) th iu kin cn v l h (B) phi
c 2 nghim phn bit ( x; k ) vi x 1 , tc l phng trnh (1) phi c 2 nghim phn
2

3
3
bit khc 1 D = 4 a - 3 > 0 -1 a < hoc 1 a >
2
2
f (1) 0

Cu 69. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = x 4 - 2 x 2 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Trn (C) ly hai im phn bit A v B c honh ln lt l a v b. Tm iu kin i
vi a v b hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau.

Ta c: f '( x ) = 4 x 3 - 4 x
H s gc tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B l k A = f '(a) = 4 a3 - 4 a, kB = f '(b) = 4b3 - 4 b
Tip tuyn ti A, B ln lt c phng trnh l:
y = f (a)( x - a) + f (a) y = f (a) x + f (a) - af (a)
y = f (b)( x - b) + f (b) y = f (b) x + f (b) - bf (b)
Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song hoc trng nhau khi v ch khi:
k A = kB 4 a 3 - 4 a = 4b 3 - 4 b (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2 - 1) = 0

(1)

(2)
V A v B phn bit nn a b , do (1) a2 + ab + b 2 - 1 = 0
Mt khc hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B trng nhau khi v ch khi:
a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0
a2 + ab + b2 - 1 = 0

( a b)
4
2
4
2
f (a) - af (a) = f (b) - bf (b)
-3a + 2 a = -3b + 2 b

Gii h ny ta c nghim l (a; b) = (-1;1) hoc (a; b) = (1; -1) , hai nghim ny tng
ng vi cng mt cp im trn th l (-1; -1) v (1; -1)
Vy iu kin cn v hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau l:
a2 + ab + b 2 - 1 = 0

a 1; a b
2x
(C).
x+2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng khong cch t tm i xng ca
th (C) n tip tuyn l ln nht.

Cu 70. Cho hm s y =

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

Tip tuyn (d) ca th (C) ti im M c honh a -2 thuc (C) c phng trnh:


4
2a
( x - a) +
4 x - (a + 2)2 y + 2 a2 = 0
y=
2
a+2
(a + 2)

Tm i xng ca (C) l I ( -2; 2 ) . Ta c:


d (I , d ) =

8 a+2
16 + (a + 2)

8 a+2
2.4.(a + 2)

8 a+2
2 2 a+2

=2 2

a = 0
d ( I , d ) ln nht khi (a + 2)2 = 4
.
a = -4
T suy ra c hai tip tuyn y = x v y = x + 8 .
x+2
(1).
2x + 3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn ct trc honh, trc
tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O.
-1
Gi ( x0 ; y0 ) l to ca tip im y ( x0 ) =
<0
(2 x0 + 3)2

Cu 71. Cho hm s y =

DOAB cn ti O nn tip tuyn D song song vi ng thng y = - x (v tip tuyn c h s


x 0 = -1 y0 = 1
= -1
(2 x0 + 3)2
x 0 = -2 y0 = 0
+ Vi x0 = -1; y0 = 1 D: y - 1 = -( x + 1) y = - x (loi)

gc m). Ngha l: y ( x0 ) =

-1

+ Vi x0 = -2; y0 = 0 D: y - 0 = -( x + 2) y = - x - 2 (nhn)
Vy phng trnh tip tuyn cn tm l: y = - x - 2 .
2x - 1
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ny ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln
lt ti cc im A v B tho mn OA = 4OB.
Gi s tip tuyn d ca (C) ti M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C ) ct Ox ti A, Oy ti B sao cho OA = 4OB .

Cu 72. Cho hm s y =

OB 1
1
1
= H s gc ca d bng
hoc - .
OA 4
4
4

3
x0 = -1 ( y0 = 2 )
1
1
1
H s gc ca d l y ( x0 ) = <0=-
4
( x0 - 1)2
( x0 - 1)2
x = 3 (y = 5)
0
0
2

1
3
1
5
y = - 4 ( x + 1) + 2
y = - 4 x + 4
Khi c 2 tip tuyn tho mn l:
.

1
5
1
13
y = - ( x - 3) +
y = - x +

4
2

4
4

Do DOAB vung ti O nn tan A =

2x - 3
c th (C).
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.

Cu 73. Cho hm s y =

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

2) Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C) ct hai tim cn ca (C) ti
A, B sao cho AB ngn nht.

1
1
Ly im M m; 2 +
( C ) . Ta c: y (m ) = m-2
(m - 2)2

1
1
( x - m) + 2 +
Tip tuyn (d) ti M c phng trnh: y = 2
m-2
(m - 2)

2
Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ng l: A 2;2 +

m-2

Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ngang l: B(2m 2; 2)

1
m = 3
Ta c: AB 2 = 4 (m - 2)2 +
8 . Du = xy ra
2
m = 1
(m - 2)

Vy im M cn tm c ta l: M(3;3) hoc M(1;1)


2x - 3
.
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Cho M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca (C)
ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm to im M sao cho ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh nht.

2x - 3
-1
Gi s M x0 ; 0
, x0 2 , y '( x0 ) =
2
x0 - 2

( x0 - 2 )

Cu 74. Cho hm s y =

Phng trnh tip tuyn (D) vi ( C) ti M: y =

-1

( x0 - 2 )

( x - x0 ) +

2 x0 - 3
x0 - 2

2x - 2
To giao im A, B ca (D) vi hai tim cn l: A 2; 0
; B ( 2 x0 - 2; 2 )
x
2

x + xB 2 + 2 x0 - 2
y +y
2x - 3
Ta thy A
=
= x0 = x M , A B = 0
= yM suy ra M l trung im
2
2
2
x0 - 2
ca AB.
Mt khc I(2; 2) v DIAB vung ti I nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch
2


1
2
2 2 x0 - 3

( x0 - 2)2 +
2p
S = p IM = p ( x0 - 2) +
2
p
=

x -2

( x 0 - 2)2

x = 1
0
( x0 - 2)2
x0 = 3
Do im M cn tm l M(1; 1) hoc M(3; 3)
Du = xy ra khi ( x0 - 2)2 =

2x + 1
c th (C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti
M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B vi chu vi tam gic IAB t gi tr nh nht.

Cu 75. Cho hm s y =

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

Giao im ca 2 tim cn l I (1; 2) . Gi M x0 ;2 +

+ PTTT ti M c dng: y =

-3
( x 0 - 1)

( x - x0 ) + 2 +

3
(C).
x0 - 1

3
x0 - 1

+ To cc giao im ca tip tuyn vi 2 tim cn: A 1; 2 +

+ Ta c: SDIAB =

6 , B (2 x - 1;2)

0
x 0 - 1

1
1
6
IA.IB =
2 x0 - 1 = 2.3 = 6 (vdt)
2
2 x0 - 1

+ DIAB vung c din tch khng i chu vi DIAB t gi tr nh nht khi IA= IB
x0 = 1 + 3
6
= 2 x0 - 1

x0 - 1
x0 = 1 - 3
Vy c hai im M tha mn iu kin M1 (1 + 3;2 + 3 ) , M2 (1 - 3;2 - 3 )

Khi chu vi DAIB = 4 3 + 2 6 .


Ch : Vi 2 s dng a, b tho ab = S (khng i) th biu thc P = a + b + a2 + b2 nh
nht khi v ch khi a = b.
Tht vy: P = a + b + a2 + b2 2 ab + 2 ab = (2 + 2) ab = (2 + 2) S .
Du "=" xy ra a = b.
x +2
(C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Cho im A(0; a) . Tm a t A k c 2 tip tuyn ti th (C) sao cho 2 tip im
tng ng nm v 2 pha ca trc honh.
Phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(0; a) v c h s gc k: y = kx + a

Cu 76. Cho hm s: y =

x +2
x - 1 = kx + a
d l tip tuyn ca (C) H PT
c nghim
-3
k =
( x - 1)2

PT: (1 - a) x 2 + 2(a + 2) x - (a + 2) = 0 (1) c nghim x 1 .


qua A c 2 tip tuyn th (1) phi c 2 nghim phn bit x1 , x2
a 1
a 1

(*)

a > -2
D = 3a + 6 > 0
2(a + 2)
a+2
3
3
Khi ta c: x1 + x2 =
; x1 x2 =
v y1 = 1 +
; y2 = 1 +
a -1
a -1
x1 - 1
x2 - 1
2 tip im nm v 2 pha i vi trc honh th y1. y2 < 0
x1 .x2 + 2( x1 + x2 ) + 4

2
3
3
1 +
< 0 3a + 2 > 0 a > . 1 +
<0
x1. x2 - ( x1 + x2 ) + 1
3
x1 - 1 x2 - 1

2
a > Kt hp vi iu kin (*) ta c:
3.
a 1
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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

x +3
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Cho im Mo ( xo ; yo ) thuc th (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M0 ct cc tim cn ca (C)
ti cc im A v B. Chng minh Mo l trung im ca on thng AB.
4
Mo ( xo ; yo ) (C) y0 = 1 +
.
x0 - 1

Cu 77. Cho hm s y =

Phng trnh tip tuyn (d) ti M0 : y - y0 = -

4
( x0 - 1)2

( x - x0 )

Giao im ca (d) vi cc tim cn l: A(2 x0 - 1;1), B(1;2 y0 - 1) .

x A + xB
y + yB
= x0 ; A
= y0 M0 l trung im AB.
2
2

x +2
(C)
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Chng minh rng mi tip tuyn ca th (C) u lp vi hai ng tim cn mt tam
gic c din tch khng i.
a+2
Gi s M a;
(C).
a -1

Cu 78. Cho hm s : y =

a+2
-3
a2 + 4 a - 2

PTTT (d) ca (C) ti M: y = y (a).( x - a) +


y=
x+
a -1
(a - 1)2
(a - 1) 2
a+5
Cc giao im ca (d) vi cc tim cn l: A 1;
, B(2a - 1;1) .
a -1

6
6
= (2 a - 2; 0) IB = 2 a - 1
IA
=
;
IB
IA = 0;

a -1
a -1
1
Din tch DIAB : S DIAB = IA.IB = 6 (vdt) PCM.
2
2x - 4
S: S = 12.
Cu hi tng t i vi hm s y =
x +1

x+2
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi I l giao im ca 2 ng tim cn, D l mt tip tuyn bt k ca th (C). d l
khong cch t I n D . Tm gi tr ln nht ca d.

Cu 79. Cho hm s y =

x +2
. Giao im ca hai ng tim cn l I(1; 1). Gi s M x 0 ; 0
(C )
x
+
1
( x + 1)2

Phng trnh tip tuyn D vi thi hm s ti M l:


x +2
2
-1
x + ( x0 + 1) y - x0 - ( x0 + 1)( x0 + 2 ) = 0
y=
( x - x0 ) + 0
2
x0 + 1
x +1

y =

-1

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

Khong cch t I n D l d =

2 x0 + 1
1 + ( x 0 + 1)

( x0 + 1)

+ ( x 0 + 1)

2 khi x0 = 0 hoc x0 = -2 .

Vy GTLN ca d bng

2x -1
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit khong cch t im I(1; 2) n tip tuyn bng

Cu 80. Cho hm s y =

2.
Tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M ( x0 ; f ( x0 )) (C ) c phng trnh:
y = f '( x0 )( x - x0 ) + f ( x0 ) x + ( x 0 - 1)2 y - 2 x0 2 + 2 x0 - 1 = 0 (*)
Khong cch t im I(1; 2) n tip tuyn (*) bng

Cc tip tuyn cn tm : x + y - 1 = 0 v x + y - 5 = 0

2 - 2 x0

x = 0
= 2 0
x0 = 2
1 + ( x0 - 1)4

x +1
(C).
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn Oy tt c cc im t k c duy nht mt tip tuyn ti (C).
Gi M (0; yo ) l im cn tm. PT ng thng qua M c dng: y = kx + yo (d)

Cu 81. Cho hm s y =

x +1
( y - 1) x 2 - 2( y + 1) x + y + 1 = 0 (1)
x - 1 = kx + yo
o
o
o

(*)
(d) l tip tuyn ca (C) -2
-2
=k

=k
x 1;
( x - 1)2

( x - 1)2
YCBT h (*) c 1nghim (1) c 1 nghim khc 1
yo = 1

1
yo 1

x = ; yo = 1 k = -8

2
2

D ' = ( yo + 1) - ( yo - 1)( yo + 1) = 0
x = 2
x
=
0;
yo = -1 k = -2

Vy c 2 im cn tm l: M(0; 1) v M(0; 1).


2x +1
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng tip tuyn cch u hai im
A(2; 4), B(-4; -2).
Gi x0 l honh tip im ( x0 -1 ).

Cu 82. Cho hm s y =

PTTT (d) l y =

1
( x0 + 1)

( x - x0 ) +

2 x0 + 1
x - ( x0 + 1)2 y + 2 x02 + 2 x0 + 1 = 0
x0 + 1

Ta c: d ( A, d ) = d ( B, d ) 2 - 4( x0 + 1)2 + 2 x02 + 2 x 0 + 1 = -4 + 2( x0 + 1)2 + 2 x 02 + 2 x 0 + 1

x0 = 1 x 0 = 0 x0 = -2
Trang 29

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

Vy c ba phng trnh tip tuyn: y =

1
5
x + ; y = x + 1; y = x + 5
4
4

2x -1
.
1- x
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn, A l im trn (C) c honh l a. Tip
tuyn ti A ca (C) ct hai ng tim cn ti P v Q. Chng t rng A l trung im ca
PQ v tnh din tch tam gic IPQ.
2a - 1
1
2a - 1
( x - a) +
I (1; -2), A a;
. PT tip tuyn d ti A: y =
2
(1 - a )
1- a
1- a
2a
Giao im ca tim cn ng v tip tuyn d: P 1;

1- a
Giao im ca tim cn ngang v tip tuyn d: Q(2 a 1; -2)

Cu 83. Cho hm s y =

Ta c: xP + xQ = 2 a = 2 x A . Vy A l trung im ca PQ.
IP =
SIPQ =

2a
2
+2 =
; IQ = 2(a - 1)
1- a
1- a

1
IP.IQ = 2 (vdt)
2

2x - 3
(C).
x-2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im M thuc (C) bit tip tuyn ct tim cn ng v

4
tim cn ngang ln lt ti A, B sao cho csin gc ABI bng
, vi I l giao 2 tim cn.
17

Cu 84. Cho hm s y =

2x - 3
I(2; 2). Gi M x0 ; 0
(C ) , x0 2
x0 - 2

Phng trnh tip tuyn D ti M:

y=-

1
( x 0 - 2)2

( x - x0 ) +

2 x0 - 3
x0 - 2

2x - 2
Giao im ca D vi cc tim cn: A 2; 0
, B(2 x0 - 2; 2) .
x0 - 2
1 IA

x = 0
4
Do cos ABI =
nn tan ABI = =
IB2 = 16.IA2 ( x0 - 2)4 = 16 0
4 IB
17
x0 = 4
3
1
3
Kt lun: Ti M 0; phng trnh tip tuyn: y = - x +
2
4
2
5
1
7
Ti M 4; phng trnh tip tuyn: y = - x +
3
4
2

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s
KSHS 05: BIN LUN S NGHIM CA PHNG TRNH

Cu 85. Cho hm s y = - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 1 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm m phng trnh x 3 - 3 x 2 = m3 - 3m 2 c ba nghim phn bit.

PT x 3 - 3 x 2 = m3 - 3m 2 - x 3 + 3 x 2 + 1 = - m3 + 3m2 + 1 . t k = - m 3 + 3m 2 + 1
S nghim ca PT bng s giao im ca th (C) vi ng thng d: y = k
Da vo th (C) ta c PT c 3 nghim phn bit 1 < k < 5 m (-1;3) \ {0; 2}
Cu 86. Cho hm s y = x 4 - 5 x 2 + 4 c th (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm m phng trnh | x 4 - 5 x 2 + 4 |= log 2 m c 6 nghim.

Da vo th ta c PT c 6 nghim log12 m =

9
9
m = 12 4 = 144 4 12 .
4

Cu 87. Cho hm s y = f ( x ) = 8 x 4 - 9 x 2 + 1 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Da vo th (C) hy bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
8cos 4 x - 9 cos2 x + m = 0 vi x [0; p ]

Xt phng trnh: 8cos 4 x - 9 cos2 x + m = 0 vi x [0; p ]


4

(1)

(2)
t t = cos x , phng trnh (1) tr thnh: 8t - 9t + m = 0
V x [0; p ] nn t [-1;1] , gia x v t c s tng ng mt i mt, do s nghim ca
phng trnh (1) v (2) bng nhau.
Ta c: (2) 8t 4 - 9t 2 + 1 = 1 - m

(3)

Gi (C1): y = 8t 4 - 9t 2 + 1 vi t [-1;1] v (d): y = 1 - m . Phng trnh (3) l phng trnh


honh giao im ca (C1) v (d).
Ch rng (C1) ging nh th (C) trong min -1 x 1 .
Da vo th ta c kt lun sau:
81
81
81
m<0
m=0
0 < m <1
1 m <
m=
m>
32
32
32
v nghim
1 nghim
2 nghim
4 nghim
2 nghim
v nghim
3x - 4
(C).
x -2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.

Cu 88. Cho hm s y =

2p
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh sau c 2 nghim trn on 0; :
3
sin 6 x + cos6 x = m ( sin 4 x + cos4 x )

Xt phng trnh: sin 6 x + cos6 x = m ( sin 4 x + cos4 x )


(*)
1

3
1 - sin 2 2 x = m 1 - sin 2 2 x 4 - 3sin 2 2 x = 2 m(2 - sin2 2 x )
4
2

2p
t t = sin 2 2 x . Vi x 0; th t [ 0;1] . Khi (1) tr thnh:
3
Trang 31

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100 Kho st hm s
2m =

Trn S Tng

3t - 4
vi t 0;1
t-2

sin 2 x = - t
Nhn xt : vi mi t 0;1 ta c :
sin 2 x = t
sin 2 x = t
3
2p
3
(*) c 2 nghim thuc on 0; th t ;1 t ;1
4
3
2
3
7
1
7
Da vo th (C) ta c: y(1) < 2m y 1 < 2m < m .
4
5
2
10
x +1
.
x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
x +1
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
= m.
x -1

Cu 89. Cho hm s y =

x +1
x +1
= m bng s giao im ca th (C): y =
v y = m.
x -1
x -1
Da vo th ta suy ra c:
m < -1; m > 1
m = -1
-1 < m 1
2 nghim
1 nghim
v nghim
S nghim ca

Cu 90. Cho hm s: y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 .

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh: x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 + log2 m = 0

x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 + log2 m = 0 x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 = - log2 m

(m > 0)

(*)

+ S nghim ca (*) l s giao im ca 2 th y = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 1 v y = - log 2 m


+ T th suy ra:
1
1
1
m =1
m >1
0<m<
m=
< m <1
2
2
2
2 nghim
3 nghim
4 nghim
2 nghim
v nghim

KSHS 06: IM C BIT CA TH


2x + 1
(C).
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn (C) nhng im c tng khong cch n hai tim cn ca (C) nh nht.
2x + 1
1
Gi M ( x0 ; y0 ) (C), ( x0 -1 ) th y0 = 0
=2x0 + 1
x0 + 1
Gi A, B ln lt l hnh chiu ca M trn TC v TCN th:

Cu 91. Cho hm s y =

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

MA = x0 + 1 , MB = y0 - 2 =

1
x0 + 1

p dng BT C-si ta c: MA + MB 2 MA.MB = 2 x0 + 1 .

1
=2
x0 + 1

x = 0
1
0
.
x0 + 1
x0 = -2
Vy ta c hai im cn tm l (0; 1) v (2; 3).
Cu hi tng t:
2x -1
a) y =
S: x0 = -1 3
x +1
MA + MB nh nht bng 2 khi x0 + 1 =

3x - 4
(C).
x -2
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm cc im thuc (C) cch u 2 tim cn.
Gi M ( x; y) (C) v cch u 2 tim cn x = 2 v y = 3.

Cu 92. Cho hm s y =

3x - 4
x
x
x = 1
-2 x-2 =

= ( x - 2)
x -2
x -2
x -2
x = 4
Vy c 2 im tho mn bi l : M1( 1; 1) v M2(4; 6)

Ta c: x - 2 = y - 3 x - 2 =

2x - 4
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng MN bit M(3; 0) v N(1; 1).
uuur
MN = (2; -1) Phng trnh MN: x + 2 y + 3 = 0 .
Phng trnh ng thng (d) ^ MN c dng: y = 2 x + m .
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C) v (d):
2x - 4
= 2 x + m 2 x 2 + mx + m + 4 = 0 ( x -1)
(1)
x +1

Cu 93. Cho hm s

y=

(d) ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B D = m2 8m 32 > 0


(2)
Khi A( x1; 2 x1 + m), B( x2 ;2 x2 + m ) vi x1 , x2 l cc nghim ca (1)
x +x
m m
Trung im ca AB l I 1 2 ; x1 + x2 + m I - ; (theo nh l Vi-et)
2
4 2
A, B i xng nhau qua MN I MN m = -4
x = 0
Suy ra (1) 2 x 2 - 4 x = 0
A(0; 4), B(2; 0).
x = 2
Cu 94. Cho hm s y = - x3 + 3 x + 2 (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng d: 2 x y + 2 = 0 .

Gi M ( x1; y1 ) ; N ( x2 ; y2 ) thuc (C) l hai im i xng qua ng thng d


x + x y + y2
I l trung im ca AB nn I 1 2 ; 1
, ta c I d
2
2
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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

3
3
y1 + y2 ( - x1 + 3 x1 + 2 ) + ( - x2 + 3x2 + 2 )
x +x
C:
=
= 2. 1 2 + 2
2
2
2
x1 + x2 = 0
3
- ( x1 + x2 ) + 3 x1 x2 ( x1 + x2 ) + 3 ( x1 + x2 ) = 2 ( x1 + x2 ) 2
2
x1 - x1 x2 + x2 = 1

Li c: MN ^ d ( x2 - x1 ) .1 + ( y2 - y1 ) .2 = 0

7 ( x2 - x1 ) - 2 ( x2 - x1 ) ( x12 + x1 x2 + x22 ) = 0 x12 + x1 x2 + x22 =

7
2

7
7
; x2 = m
2
2
9
2
x12 - x1 x2 + x22 = 1
x1 + x22 =

4
- Xt 2
v nghim
7
2
x1 + x1 x2 + x2 =
x x = 5
2

1 2 4
7
1 7 7
1 7
Vy 2 im cn tm l:
;2 ; - ; 2 +

2 2 2
2 2
2
- Xt x1 + x2 = 0 x1 =

2x -1
(C).
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm im M thuc th (C) tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vi ng thng i qua M v
giao im hai ng tim cn c tch cc h s gc bng 9.
Giao im 2 tim cn l I (-1; 2) .

Cu 95. Cho hm s y =

y M - yI

3
-3
Gi M x0 ; 2 =
(C ) kIM =
x0 + 1
x M - x I ( x + 1)2

0
3
+ H s gc ca tip tuyn ti M: kM = y ( x 0 ) =
2
( x0 + 1)
x = 0
+ YCBT kM .kIM = - 9 0
. Vy c 2 im M tha mn: M(0; 3) v M(2; 5)
x
=
2
0
x3
11
+ x2 + 3x - .
3
3
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm trn th (C) hai im phn bit M, N i xng nhau qua trc tung.
x = - x1 0
Hai im M ( x1; y1 ), N ( x2 ; y2 ) (C ) i xng nhau qua Oy 2
y1 = y2
x2 = - x1 0
x1 = 3
x1 = -3

3
x3

hoc

x
11
11
2
3
x2 = -3
x2 = 3
- 1 + x1 + 3 x1 - = - 2 + x2 + 3 x 2 3
3
3
3
16
16
Vy hai im thuc th (C) v i xng qua Oy l: M 3; , N -3; .
3

Cu 96. Cho hm s y = -

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Trn S Tng

100 Kho st hm s

Cu 97. Cho hm s y =

2x
x -1

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm trn th (C) hai im B, C thuc hai nhnh sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti
nh A vi A(2; 0).

2
2
2
Ta c (C ) : y = 2 +
. Gi B b; 2 +
, C c; 2 +
vi b < 1 < c .
x -1
b -1
c -1

Gi H, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca B, C ln trc Ox.



Ta c: AB = AC; BAC = 90 0 CAK + BAH = 90 0 = CAK + ACK BAH = ACK

AH = CK
v: BHA = CKA = 90 0 D ABH = DCAK

HB = AK

2
2 - b = 2 + c - 1
b = -1
.
Hay:

2
c
=
3
2+
= c-2
b -1

Vy B(-1;1), C (3;3)

2x - 1
.
x +1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm ta im M (C) sao cho khong cch t im I (-1; 2) ti tip tuyn ca (C) ti
M l ln nht.

Cu 98. Cho hm s

y=

3
(C ) . PTTT D ca (C) ti M l:
Gi s M x0 ; 2 x0 + 1

3
3
y-2+
=
( x - x0 ) 3( x - x0 ) - ( x0 + 1)2 ( y - 2) - 3( x0 + 1) = 0
x0 + 1 ( x0 + 1) 2
Khong cch t I (-1;2) ti tip tuyn D l:
3(-1 - x0 ) - 3( x0 + 1)
6 x0 + 1
6
.
d=
=
=
4
4
9
9
+
(
x
+
1
)
2
x
9 + ( 0 + 1)
0
+ ( x0 + 1)
( x0 + 1)2
9
Theo BT Csi:
+ ( x0 + 1)2 2 9 = 6 d 6 .
2
( x0 + 1)
9
2
Khong cch d ln nht bng 6 khi
= ( x0 + 1) 2 ( x0 + 1) = 3 x0 = -1 3 .
2
( x0 + 1)

Vy c hai im cn tm l: M - 1 + 3 ;2 - 3 hoc M - 1 - 3 ;2 + 3

Cu 99. Cho hm s y = - x3 + 3 x + 2 (C).

1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.


2) Tm 2 im trn th hm s sao cho chng i xng nhau qua tm M(1; 3).

Gi A ( x0 ; y0 ) , B l im i xng vi A qua im M(-1;3) B ( -2 - x0 ; 6 - y0 )


y = - x3 + 3 x + 2
0
0
A, B (C ) 0
6
y
=
(
2
- x0 )3 + 3(-2 - x0 ) + 2

0
3

6 = - x03 + 3 x 0 + 2 - ( -2 - x0 ) + 3 ( -2 - x0 ) + 2 6 x02 + 12 x 0 + 6 = 0
Trang 35

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100 Kho st hm s

Trn S Tng

x0 = -1 y0 = 0

Vy 2 im cn tm l: ( -1; 0 ) v ( -1;6 )
x+2
.
2x -1
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2) Tm nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(2; 0) v B(0; 2).
PT ng trung trc an AB: y = x .
Nhng im thuc th cch u A v B c honh l nghim ca PT:

1- 5
=
x

x+2
2
= x x2 - x - 1 = 0
2x -1
1+ 5

x = 2

Cu 100. Cho hm s

y =

1- 5 1- 5 1+ 5 1+ 5
Hai im cn tm l:
,
,
;

2
2

2
2

Trang 36

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