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Chuyn 13: ANKAN

Dng 1: Xc nh ankan da vo thnh phn nguyn t v phn ng th vi halogen. Cu 1. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan trong cc trng hp sau: a) Ankan cha 16% hydro. A. C7H16 B. C4H10 C. C5H12 D. C6H14 b) Ankan cha 83,33% cacbon. A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 c) t chy hon ton 2 lt ankan A c 8 lt H2O (cc kh o cng iu kin). A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 d) t chy hon ton 8,7 gam ankan A c 26,4 gam CO2. A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 Cu 2. Mt ankan to c dn xut monoclo trong clo chim 33,33% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan. A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 Cu 3. Mt ankan to c dn xut monobrom trong brom chim 73,39% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan. A. C4H10 B. CH4 C. C3H8 D. C2H6 Cu 4. Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% khi lng phn t. X tc dng vi brom un nng c chiu sng c th to 4 dn xut ng phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t. Tn ca X l A. isopentan B. neopentan C. 2-metylbutan D. pentan Cu 5. Cho ankan A tc dng brom ch thu c mt dn xut cha brom c t khi i vi khng kh bng 5,207. Gi tn ca ankan A. Cu 6. Mt ankan phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1:2 thu c sn phm cha 83,53% clo v khi lng. CTPT ca ankan l: A. C2H6 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. CH4 Cu 7. Cho 5,6 lt ankan kh (27,3 oC v 2,2 atm) tc dng vi clo ngoi nh sng ch to mt dn xut clo duy nht c khi lng l 49,5 gam. a. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan. A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C2H6 b. Xc nh % th tch ca ankan trong hn hp u. Bit t khi hi ca hn hp so vi H 2 bng 30,375. A. 33,33% B. 66,67% C. 50% D. 25% Cu 8: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 82,776%) tc dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l A.2-metylpropan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. butan. D. 3-metylpentan. E. A, C ng Cu 9: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ca A.ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken Dng 2: Phn ng t chy. Cu 1: t chy hon ton a gam hirocacbon X, thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H2O a) Tnh a? A. 7 B. 7,2 C. 10,08 D. 6,12 b) Xc nh CTPT ca X? A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 c) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X bit khi cho X tc dng vi Cl 2 chiu sng, t l mol 1:1 thu c 4 sn phm th m phn t ch cha mt nguyn t clo? Cu 2. t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon A thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. xc nh CTPT A A. C2H6 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. CH4 Cu 3. t chy hon ton mt Ankan X phi cn 11,2 lit Oxi (ktc), sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh nc vi trong d thu c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l p s C3H8 A. C2H6 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. CH4 Cu 4. t chy hon ton mt Ankan X phi cn 1,456 lit Oxi (ktc), sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh ng H2SO4 c d th khi lng bnh tng 0,9 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l p s C4H10 A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 Cu 5. t chy hon ton mt Ankan X phi cn 1,792 lit Oxi (ktc), sau phn ng dn sn phm qua bnh nc vi trong d khi lng bnh tng 3,28 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l p s C5H12 A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 Cu 6. t chy Hidrocacbon A thu c 3 lit CO2 v 4 lit hi nc, o cng iu kin v nhit p sut. Xc nh CTPT A. p s C3H8 A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 Cu 7. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol ankan A ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh cha nc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. sau th nghim khi lng bnh phn ng A. tng 13,3 gam B. gim 13,3 gam C. tng 6,7 gam D. gim 6,7 gam Cu 8. t chy ht V lt (ktc) hidrocacbon X ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d. Sau th nghim thu c 7,88g kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim 5,22g. Gi tr ca V.p s: 0,224 lit A. 1,12 B. 0,224 C. 0,896 D. 0,112 Cu 9.t chy ht V lt (ktc) hidrocacbon X ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d. Sau th

nghim thu c 15 g kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch tng 10,2 g. Gi tr ca V l A. 1,12 lit B. 2,24 C. 3,36 D. 4,48 Cu 10. t chy hon ton hn hp A gm hai ankan thu c 3,36 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 3,96 gam H2O. Th tch oxi (lt) tham gia phn ng (ktc) l A. 5,824 B. 11,648 C. 2,912 D. p n khc Cu 11. Cho hn hp X gm 2 ankan ng ng lin tip c khi lng l 20,6 gam v c th tch bng th tch ca 14 gam kh nit ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi ankan. Cu 12. t chy hon ton V lt (kc) hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng lin tip nhau, sn phm chy t t cho qua bnh 1 ng CaCl2 khan v bnh 2 ng KOH d th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4 gam, bnh 2 tng 22 gam. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi hydrocacbon Cu 13. Cho hn hp X gm 2 ankan ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 4,12 gam hn hp X to ra 12,32 gam CO2. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi ankan. Cu 14. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng lin tip cn 1,35 mol O 2 to thnh 0,8 mol CO2. CTPT ca 2 hydrocacbon l A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6 ; C3H8 C. C3H8 ; C4H10 D. C4H10 ; C5H12 Cu 15. t chy hon ton V lt (kc) hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng lin tip nhau, sn phm chy thu c c t l th tch CO2 v H2O l 12 : 23. Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi hydrocacbon Cu 16. Hn hp A gm etan v propan. t chy m gam A thu c 8,96 lit CO 2 (ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Thnh phn % khi lng etan trong hn hp l: A. 74,58% B. 25,42% C. 33,33% D. 66,67% Cu 17. Hn hp X gm 2 ankan, phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vC. t chy hon ton 1,76 gam hn hp X cn 2,24 lt O2 ( 0oC ; 2 atm). Tm CTPT v % th tch ca mi ankan Cu 18. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 hydrocacbon l ng ng nhau to thnh 22 gam CO 2 v 12,6 gam H2O . Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hydrocacbon bit s nguyn t Cacbon trong hai phn t gp i nhau. A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6 ; C4H10 C. C3H8 ; C6H14 D. C4H10 ; C8H18 Cu 19. Hn hp B gm hai ankan k tip c trn theo t l mol 1:2. t chy ht hn hp B thu c 8,96 lit CO2 (ktc) v 9,9 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan l: A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6 ; C3H8 C. C3H8 ; C4H10 D. C4H10 ; C5H12 Cu 20: Kh CO2 sinh ra khi t 3,36 lt hn hp propan v butan c dn vo dung dch NaOH sau phn ng to ra 28,62 gam Na2CO3 v 25,2 gam NaHCO3. Xc nh % v th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp trn? Cu 21: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,24 gam H2O. Hai hirocacbon trong X l A. C2H2 v C3H4. B. C2H4 v C3H6. C. CH4 v C2H6 D. C2H6 v C3H8 Cu 22: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt. Cu 10: t chy 13,7 ml hn hp X gm metan, propan v cacbon oxit, ta thu c 25,7 ml CO 2 (cc th tch o trong cng iu kin). a) Tnh % th tch propan trong X? b) Hn hp X nng hay nh hn nit? Cu 23: t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp hai ankan ng ng k tip, ton b sn phm chy ln lt c dn qua bnh (1) ng CaCl2 khan, ri bnh (2) ng dung dch KOH d. Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh (1) tng 6,43 gam cn bnh (2) tng 9,82 gam a) Xc nh CTPT ca hai ankan? b) Tnh % v th tch ca mi ankan trong hn hp? Cu 24: Hn hp E gm hai ankan X, Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng c t khi hi so vi hiro l 33,2. Xc nh CTPT v tnh % v th tch mi cht trong Y? Cu 25: T khi ca hn hp gm H 2, CH4 v CO so vi hiro bng 7,8. t chy hon ton mt th tch hn hp trn cn 1,4 th tch oxi. Xc nh % v th tch cc kh trong hn hp? Cu 26: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X, thu c CO 2 v hi nc c t l th tch tng ng l 4 : 5 (cc th tch o trong cng nhit v p sut).Xc nh CTPT v vit cc CTCT c th c ca X?

Dng 3. Phn ng tch


Cu 1. Crakinh hon ton mt ankan khng phn nhnh X thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi i vi H 2 l 18. Tn ca X. A. Propan B. Butan C. Pentan D. Hexan Cu 2. Khi crackinh ton b mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12 . Cng thc phn t cu X? A. C5H12 B. C4H10 C. C6H14 D. C7H16 Cu 3. Crackinh 560 lt C4H10 thu c 1010 lt hn hp kh X khc nhau. cc kh u o (kc). a. Th tch C4H10 cha b cracking A. 110 lit B. 450 lit C. 225 lit D. 220 lit b. Hiu sut ca phn ng cracking. A. 80,36% B. 60,71% C. 19,64% D. 59,825 Cu 4. Crackinh C4H10 thu c hn hp gm 5 hidrocacbon c t khi hi i vi kh hydro l 16,325. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng cracking. A. 77,64% B. 66,67% C. 33,33% D. 50% Cu 5. Crackinh 5,8 gam C4H10 c hn hp kh X. Tm khi lng nc thu c khi t chy hon ton hn hp X. A. 9 gam B. 18 gam C. 10,8 gam D. 9,9 gam Cu 6. Nhit phn metan thu c hn hp X gm C 2H2 ; CH4 ; H2. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 5. Tm hiu sut ca qa trnh nhit phn. A. 60% B. 40% C. 25% D. 30% Cu 7. Khi thc hin phn ng nhit phn metan iu ch axetilen thu c hh X gm axetilen, hyro v metan cha phn ng ht. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 4,44. Hiu sut phn ng nhit phn metan l: A. 40% B. 50% C. 45% D. 60% E. 80% Cu 8. Crackinh 0,1 mol pentan c hn hp X. t chy hon ton X, sn phm c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Hi khi lng dung dch cui cng thu c tng hay gim bao nhiu gam? A. Tng 17,2 gam B. Gim 17,2 gam C. Tng 32,8 gam D. Gim 32,8 gam Cu 9. Thc hin phn ng tch hydro t ankan A thu c hn hp gm H 2 v ba hidrocacbon B ; C ; D. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt B hoc C hoc D u thu c 17,92 lt CO 2 v 14,4 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bit th tch cc kh o ktc. A. C4H8 B. C4H10 C. C5H10 D. C5H12 Cu 10. Cracking ankan A thu c hn hp kh B gm 2 ankan v 2 anken c t khi so vi H2 = 14.5 Tm cng thc phn t ca A A. C4H10 B. C5H12 C. C3H8 D. C6H14 Cu 11. Craking butan thu c 35 mol hn hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn butan cha b craking. Cho A qua bnh nc brom d thy cn li 20 mol kh. Nu t chy hon ton A th thu c x mol CO2. a. Hiu sut phn ng to hn hp A l:A. 57,14%. B. 75,00%. C. 42,86%. D. 25,00%. b. Gi tr ca x l A. 60 b. 70 C. 80 D. 85 Cu 12. Craking 8,8 gam propan thu c hn hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C3H6 v mt phn propan cha b craking. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 90%. Khi lng mol trung bnh ca A l: A. 39,6. B. 23,16. C. 2,315. D. 3,96 Cu 13. Craking 40 lt butan thu c 56 lt hn hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn butan cha b craking (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Hiu sut phn ng to hn hp A l: A. 40%. B. 20%. C. 80%. D. 20%. Cu 14. Craking m gam n-butan thu c hp A gm H 2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C4H8 v mt phn butan cha b craking. t chy hon ton A thu c 9 gam H2O v 17,6 gam CO2. Gi tr ca m l A. 5,8. B. 11,6. C. 2,6. D. 23,2.. Cu 15. Cracking 560 lt C5H12 thu c 1036 lt hn hp C gm nhiu hidrocacbon khc nhau. (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). Hiu sut phn ng Cracking l: A.75% B.80% C.85% D.90% Cu 16. Thc hin phn ng cracking m gam isobutan, thu c hn hp A gm cc hirocacbon. Dn hn hp A qua bnh nc brom c ha tan 6,4 gam Brom. Nc brom mt mu ht, c 4,704 lt hn hp kh B (ktc) thot ra. T khi hi B so vi hiro bng 117/7 Tr s ca m l: A. 8,7 gam B. 5,8 gam C. 6,96 gam D. 10,44 gam Cu 17. Cracking C4H10 thu c hh X gm CH4,C3H6,C2H6,C2H4,H2 v C4H10 d M X=36,25. Tm hiu sut phn ng cracking A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80% Cu 18. Khi cracking butan thu c hn hp gm 6 hiddrocacbon v H2 c th tch l 30 lt.Dn hh A vo dd nc Br2 d thy c 20 lt kh thot ra , cc th tch o iu kin tiu chun. Hiu sut phn ng cracking l: A.65% B.50% C.60% D.66,67% Cu 19. em crackinh mt lng Butan thu c hn hp A gm 5 hidrocacbon kh. Cho hn hp kh ny sc qua dung dch Br2 d th khi lng brom tham gia phn ng l 25,6 gam v sau th nghim khi lng bnh brom tng thm 5,32 gam. Hn hp kh cn li sau khi i qua dung dch brom c t khi hi so vi metan l 1,9625

a) Tnh hiu sut phn ng crackinh. A. 80% B. 89,7% C. 75% D. 85% b) Tnh % th tch hn hp A. A. CH4 =C3H6 10%, C2H4 = C2H6 30%, C4H10 20% B. CH4 =C3H6 30%, C2H4 = C2H6 10%, C4H10 20%, C. CH4 =C3H6 16,67%, C2H4 = C2H6 27,78%, C4H1011,1%, D. CH4 =C3H6 27,78%, C2H4 = C2H6 16,67%, C4H10 11,1%, Cu 20. Sau khi kt thc phn ng cracking butan thu 22,4 lit hn hp kh A (gi s ch gm cc hidrocacbon). Cho A li t t qua dung dch brom d th ch cn 13,44 lit hn hp kh B. t chy hon ton 0,6 lit hn hp kh B thu c 1,3 lit CO2. a) Tnh hiu sut phn ng cracking. A. 50% B. 66,67% C. 33,33% D. 75% b) Tnh % th tch ca A A. CH4 =C3H6 10%, C2H4 = C2H6 30%, C4H10 20% B. CH4 =C3H6 30%, C2H4 = C2H6 15%, C4H10 10%, C. CH4 =C3H6 30%, C2H4 = C2H6 10%, C4H10 20%, D. CH4 =C3H6 15%, C2H4 = C2H6 30%, C4H10 10%, c) Th tch kh O2 cn t chy hon ton B. A. 50,4 lit B. 45,6 C. 71,68 D. p n khc Cu 21. Cracking m(gam) butan thu c hn hp kh A. Dn ton b kh A qua dung dch Brom d thy c 36 gam brom tham gia phn ng v thu c hn hp kh B. t chy hon ton 1/10 th tch hn hp B thu c 2,31 gam CO2 v 1,449 gam H2O. a) Tnh khi lng m (gam). A. 16,24 gam B. 20,96gam C. 24,52gam D. 14,32 gam b) Tnh hiu sut phn ng cracking. A. 80,36% B. 85% C. 70,565 D. p n # Cu 22. Tin hnh cracking m gam Butan c hn hp X. Dn X qua bnh nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 16,8 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh em t chy hon ton c 23,4 gam H 2O v 35,2 gam CO2. Tnh m. A. 29 gam B. 27,7 gam C. 30,6 gam D. p n khc Cu 23. Nhit phn 13.2 gam propan thu c hn hp kh X. Bit 90% propan b nhit phn. Tnh th tch oxi (lt-ktc) cn t chy hon ton kh X A. 22,4 B. 33,6 C. 44,8 D. 56 Cu 24. Tin hnh nhit phn hn hp X gm butan v heptan (t l 1:2 v s mol) th thu c hn hp Y (Gi s ch xy ra phn ng cracking ankan vi hiu sut 100%). Xc nh lng phn t trung bnh ca Y A 25,8 M43 B 32M43 C M=43 D 25,8 M32 Cu 25. Crackinh hon ton 6,6 gam propan thu c hn hp A gm 2 hi rocacbon .Cho A qua bnh ng 125 ml dung dch brom a M. Kh thot ra khi bnh c t khi hi so vi metan l 1,1875.Tnh a M A. 0,5M B. 0,25m C. 0,15M D. 0,35M Cu 26. Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C4H10, C4H8, C4H6 v H2. T khi ca X so vi butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom ti a phn ng l A. 0,36 mol. B. 0,24 mol. C. 0,48 mol. D. 0,60 mol. Cu 27. Thc hin phn ng cracking 11,2 lt hi isopentan (dktc), thu c hh A ch gm cc ankan v anken. Trong hh A c cha 7,2 gam 1 ch t X m khi t chy th thu c 11,2 lt CO 2 (dktc) v 10,8 gam H2O. H% phn ng cracking isopentan l A. 95% B. 85% C. 80% D. 90% Cu 28. Cracking 4,48 lt butan (ktc) thu c hn hp A gm 6 cht H 2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4 ,C3H6 , C4H8. Dn ht hn hp A vo bnh ng dd Brom d th thy khi lng bnh tng 8,4g v bay ra khi bnh brom l hh kh B. Th tch oxi (ktc) cn t ht hh B l: A.6,72 lt B.8,96 lt C.4,48 lt D.5,6 lt Cu 29: Khi tin hnh craking 22,4 lt kh C4H10 (ktc) thu c hn hp A gm CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, H2 v C4H10 d. t chy hon ton A thu c x gam CO 2 v y gam H2O. Gi tr ca x v y tng ng l A. 176 v 180. B. 44 v 18. C. 44 v 72. D. 176 v 90. Cu 30. Thc hin phn ng tch H2 t 6,72 lit (ktc) hn hp X gm C2H6 v C3H8 thu c 11,2 lit (ktc) hn hp Y gm cc anken, ankan v H2. Tnh th tch dung dch Brom 1M cn dng tc dng ht vi Y. A. 0,2 lt B. 0,3 lt C. 0,5 lt D. 0,4 lt Cu 31. Dn 2,24 lit kh propan qua bnh ng Niken nung nng thu c 3,92 lit hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y qua bnh ng dung dch Brom d th thy c m gam Brom tham gia phn ng. Tm m.(cc kh o ktc) A. 24 gam B. 12 gam D. 16 gam D. 28 gam Cu 32. Cracking 18 gam ankan A ri cho ton b sn phm thu c li qua bnh ng dung dich Brom d thy cn li 5,6 lit (ktc) hn hp kh B gm cc ankan, d B/H2 =13,6 . Tm CTPT ca A. A. C5H12 B. C4H10 C. C6H14 D. C7H16 E. C3H8

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