HNG DN S DNG PHN MM TEKLA Tekla Structures 10.0 VERSION 10.0 February 13, 2004 NGY 13 THNG 2 NM 2004.

Copyright 2004 Tekla Corporation NI DUNG: 1 Basic Modeling / M hnh c bn Starting Tekla Structures / Khi ng Xsteel Create a New Model - BasicModel1 / To 1 m hnh mi - Basicmodel1 Create Grids / To ng li Create Plane Views along Grid Lines / To hnh chi?u trn cc m?t Create Steel Members / To cc mng Column Footing / Mng ct Foundations for Silos - Parametric Profiles / Mng cho Silo - thng s nh dng. Create Steel Members / To cc phn t thp Columns / Ct Silos / Si-l Level 3850 Beams / Dm cao 3850 Copy Beams to Upper Levels / Sao chp dm ln cao cao hn Level 13400 Beams / Dm cao 13400 Bracing / H ging Create Concrete Members / To cc phn t btng Concrete Hollow Core Slabs / Tm sn btng li rng Copy Concrete Hollow Core Slabs to Levels 7350 and 3850 / Sao chp tm btng rng n cao 7350 v 3850 Concrete Slab / Sn B tng

1.

M hnh c bn

Trong bi hc ny, chng ta s tm hiu nhng chc nng c bn ca Tekla : lm th no to ra 1 mu m hnh 3D mi, lm th no to ra nhng ng li, xem ng li v cc phn t

trong kt cu. Nhim v ca bi hc ny em li nh biu din bn di.

1.1 Khi ng Xsteel Bt u vi cu trc Tekla vo Tekla, nhp chut vo ca s c nt Start. Thng qua cc bc Program ' Tekla Structure ' Singleuser ' Tekla structures enu Europe. Chng ta s n cu trc Tekla theo tiu chun Chu u dng ngn ng ting anh.

Khi giao din s dng c m. u tin, hu ht cc la chn trong dang b (menu) v tt c cc biu tng c mu xm c hiu rng chng cha c kch hot. Khi bn m 1 m hnh c sn hoc to 1 m hnh mi th cc biu tng v cc danh ba (menu) la chn lnh mi bt u hot ng.

1.2 To 1 m hnh mi - Basic Model 1 bt u vi m hnh mi, u tin bn cn to ra 1 m hnh d liu trng vi 1 ci tn. Trong bi hc ny ta dng tn Basic Model 1. Khi ng m hnh mi 1. La chn File New. bng cch ko cc chc nng trong trnh nxung hoc kt t biu tng New trong thanh cng c Standard m hp thoi Newmodel. 2. gc bn tri thp hn ca hp thoi, Tekla gh tn m hnh mi cho m hnh. ng dn y dn n th mc ny c biu din trong 1 vng ca hp thoi ny.

3. Kt chut vo pha sau tn ng dn, v d : C:\TeklastructuresModels\ v thay tn New Model bng tn BasicModel1. nh du tt vo trng c mc nh ca Tekla l Create default view and grid. 4. Nhp vo OK to m hnh mi. Cc lnh trong trnh nv cc biu tng bt u hot ng v tn m hnh xut hin trn thanh cng c ca ca s Tekla.

Mi m hnh phi c mt ci tn duy nht. Xsteel khng cho php 2 m hnh s dng c hung mt tn. Khng s dng k hiu c bit nh (/ \ ; : ) t tn m hnh.

Mi thi im bn ch c th m c mt m hnh. Nu bn ang c m hnh ang m, Xsteel s cnh bo cho bn lu li m hnh .

Khi chng ta nhn vo hp thoi Create default view and gird, Tekla s t ng to ra ng li v hng nhn m thuc tnh tiu chun ca hng nhn ny c nh dng sn. ng li v hng nhn 3D mc nh c biu din bn di.

Cc ng nt t mu xm lc biu din hnh chiu ca cc ng li nm trn mt bng. Tekla xc nh vng lm vic ca 1 hng nhn l cc ng nt t c mu xanh. Tm hiu thm thng tin ta c th vo: Tr gip Modeling Getting started Basics. lu li m hnh: Chn File Save t trong menu hoc nhp vo biu tng Save trn thanh cng c Standard.
Nh lu li m hnh ca bn mi ln t by gi v khi m m hnh mi hoc thot ra khi chng trnh Tekla

Tekla cng c c im lu t ng v n t ng lu li cng vic ca bn trong 1 khong thi gian c ci t. Ci t khong thi gian ny nm trong hp thoi Autosave properties cha trong Setup Autosave ly t menu xung. bit thm chi tit v save and Autosave, xem trong :
Tr gip: Modeling Getting started Saving a model and exiting Tekla Structures

Phn ln cc lnh ca Tekla u nm trong Menu ( chnh hoc ko xung) trong Toolbars ( Biu tng). Trong cun s tay hng dn ny chng ta s thng xuyn dng cc lnh c ko t trnh n kch hot chng.

C vi cch thi hnh lnh trong Tekla l:

Biu tng Lnh ko t Menu chnh xung

Lnh ko t bm phi chut (Menu phu) xung Tt c cc lnh mc nh c tm thy khi ko Menu xung, hu ht chng nm trn biu tng. Cc lnh trong Menu ph xut hin khi nhp phi chut. Nu c 1 i tng c la chn, nhng lnh trong Menu ph s c kt ni vi i tng .

Xem thm thng tin v mt bng cu trc Tekla v thanh cng c vo:
Tr gip: Modeling Screen layout Tr gip: Modeling Toolbars

1.3

To ng li:

to ng li ging nh ng li c biu din trong hnh bn di, bn c th xo ng li c sn v to ng li mi bng cch vo Points Grid .trong Menu. Cch khc l bn c th thay i ng li hin c. chnh sa ng li hin c: 1. Nhp chut 2 ln vo ng li cn chnh sa. 2. Hp thoi Grid s xut hin nh bn di, bn chnh sa cc to v cc k t cho ng li chnh sa.

3. Nhp vo nt Modify ng cc gi tr ng li mi. 4. Nhp tn file ng li, Grid 1, v nhp nt Save as lu tn file ng li vo cho vic dng sau . Tn file Grid 1.grd nm trong th mc ph Attributes trong th mc m hnh ca bn. Nhiu thng tin v ng li v hp thoi Grid s c xem khi nhn vo
Tr gip: Modeling > Introduction > Inputting Information > Common buttons

S thp phn dng trong hp thoi Grid (cng nh cc hp thoi khc) c th c thay i t hp thoi Unit and decimals N c cha trong Setup ca trnh n..

Khi ng li c thay i, khng gian lm vic c biu din bng ng mu xanh th khng c cp nht.
Hiu chnh vng lm vic

thay i khng gian lm vic ph hp s thay i ng li ta c cc bc: 1. Nhp vo khng gian 3D(view). 2. Nhp phi chut v chn Fit work area t trnh n

Khng gian t by gi s c biu din nh bn di.

1.4

To hnh chiu trn cc mt

By gi chng ta to hnh chiu v mt bng dc theo ng li c to trong mc trn. Hng nhn l 1 i din ca 1 m hnh 1 v tr c bit. Mi hng nhn c biu din hnh nh vt th ca n nm bn trong ca s ca Tekla. Mi hng nhn c 1 mt phng nhn m trong mt phng ng li l hin hu v cc im c biu din l cc ch thp mu vng. Nhng im bn ngoi mt phng xut hin l cc im mu . Xem thm thng tin : Tr gip: Modeling > Getting started > Views.
To li mt chiu

to hng nhn dc theo ng li c cc bc: 1. La chn 1 ng li 2. Nhp phi chut v chn Create view > Grid views t trnh n m hp thoi Creation of views along grid lines.

3. Nhp nt Show ca mt phng hng XY m hp thoi View Properties 4. Thay i gi tr Angle v View depth nh biu din bn di v nhp nt Ok thot hp thoi.

5. La chn s hng nhn nh All v nhp nt Create trong hp thoi Creation of views along grid lines. Hp thoi Views s xut hin vi tt c cc hng nhn c to ra. Tn ca cc hng nhn khng cn dng s c lit k bn tri cn cc hng nhn cn n s lit k bn phi.

bit thm thng tin v View Properties vo: Tr gip : Modeling > Getting started > Views > View Properties. Hin th hay du khung nhn biu din v du (not show) cc hng nhn th c cc bc sau: 1. Nhp vo biu tng Open named view list m hp thoi Views (t by gi n lun c m) 2. La chn hng nhn m bn mun biu din hoc du. 3. Dng du mi tn di chuyn hng nhn t bn tri qua phi hoc ngc li.

ng m qu nhiu hng nhn cng 1 thi im. Tt nht l phng to s hng nhn c m. Bn c th m hoc ng tn hng nhn bng vic nhp vo biu tng Open named view list. Xo cc tn hng nhn khng cn thit trong danh sch cc hng nhn. bt hng nhn gia cc hng nhn, bm Ctrl + Tab.. Quay m hnh Bn c th xoay m hnh trong hng nhn 3D theo hng nhn ca mnh: 1. Nhn nt V 2. Trong hng nhn, la chn tm xoay. 3. Gi lun nt Ctrl v nhp v lt qua i tng bng nt gia con chut.
Chuyn i gia khng gian 3D v mt phng

Vi phm tt Ctrl + P, bn c th thay i gc ca hng nhn gia hng nhn 3D v mt bng, iu ny rt l hu ch.

1.5 To cc mng: By gi, chng ta s to nhng nn mng trn BasicModel1.

Mng ct (1800*1800) to i mng cho ct: 1. Nhp 2 ln vo biu tng Create pad footing. Bn s m hp thoi Pad footing properties. 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Pad footing properties nh biu din v nhp vo nt Apply .

3. Trong hng nhn 3D, nhp im giao ca ng li A-1 to mng. 4. To mng 1800x1800 ti v tr giao im khc ca ng li trc A bng vic nhp chut vo mi v tr. bit thm thng tin vo: Tr gip: Part position
Tr gip: Profile library / Parametric

Bn c th quay li (v ti lnh) lnh trc tng lnh tng lnh mt n lnh cui cng trc khi lu li bng vic kt vo biu tng hoc bm Ctrl + Z hoc Ctrl + Y(ti lnh)

Mng 2700x2700: Trong khi cn trong lnh v mng, 5. Hon thnh hp thoi Pad footing properties cho mng 2700x2700 nh biu din v bm nt Apply. Mng trc B cn b sung thm ng li bi v n c th b sung thm ct bc sau. Vic thm ny s c b sung khi in gi tr chnh xc v tr Vertical Position trong hp thoi Pad footing properties.

6. To mng ti giao im ng li trc B 7. Nhn phi chut v chn Interrupt kt thc lnh. . Lnh s tip tc c duy tr cho n khi bn nhn vo nt Interrupt kt thc lnh bn c th bm phi chut v la chn Interrupt t trnh nhoc nhn nt ESC thot. tr li lnh c va dng nhn vo Enter

Mng cho Silos -thng s nh dng:

Chng ta s to ra 2 mng trn cho Silo. u tin, 1 mng s to ra to 4500,4500,0 v sau 1 mng khc s c sao chp t mng ny. Tekla cha th vin mu, thng s v kch thc do ngi dng khai bo. Cho mng ny, chng ta s dng nh dng thng s thay cho th vin mu. Thm thng tin vo: Tr gip: Modeling > Parts > Profile Tr gip : Modeling > Settings and tools > Appendix A: Parametric Profiles

To mng: 1. Nhp chut 2 ln vo biu tng Create pad footing 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Pad footing properties nh bn di v nhn Apply Bn c th la chn 1 hnh dng trong hp thoi Select profile m c m theo sau trong vng Profile l phn thuc tnh trong hp thoi. Bn c th t tn 1 hnh dng trong vng Profile l phn thuc tnh trong hp thoi.

3. nh s 4500,4500 xc nh v tr mng ( nh s ny trong hp thoi Enter numeric location)

4. Nhn Enter v 1 mng c to.

Thm thng tin vo: Tr gip: Modeling > Settings and tools > Snapping

Sao chp mng:

Nhn vo mng 1 ln la chn n. 2. Nhn phi chut v chn Copy Translate. t trong trnh n. Hon thnh hp thoi nh bn di. 3. Nhn Copy

Chng ta s c nhng i mng c to ra nh bn di:

1.6 To phn t thp Ct : u tin, ta s to 2 trong s nhng ct v sau dng lnh Copy sao chp ra cc ct khc. To ct: to ct u tin trong s 2 ct oc to: 1. Nhn 2 ln vo biu tng Create Column 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Column properties nh bn di v sau nhn Apply.

3. Nhp chut n giao im ng li A-1 to 1 ct, v sau r n giao im B-1 to ct th 2.

Sao chp ct
1. La chn ct m bn to bng cch to ca s i qua chng. 2. Nhn phi chut v chn Copy > Translate t trnh n Hon thnh hp thoi nh bn di v nhn Copy.

By gi tt c ct s xut hin trong m hnh.

Khi cc kt cu xut hin trong m hnh, bn c th chn 1 ci mng ( n l btng), 1 ci ct thp trn n v bn m chn lin kt gia mng v ct, sao chp tt c kt cu chn ny n v tr khc ca cu trc. Bn c th la chon nhiu phn trong m hnh bng vic gi phim Ctrl v r chn cc i tng trong m hnh.

Tr gip: Modeling > Introduction > Selecting model objects > How to select objects

Si L
By gi, chng ta s to ra cc m hnh Silo bng vic dng thng s nh dng khi. Mt phng n chnh xc hn l to ra silo c tit din trn rng vi ng hn trn thn n. To silo: 1. to Silo, nhn 2 ln vo biu tng Create column 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Column properties nh bn di v sau nhn Apply

3. Nhp v chn im nh ca mng silo u tin v sau l l mng khc.

By gi Sil co dng nh m hnh.

S nhn thy c ca i tng trn mn hnh tu thuc vo vng lm vic, b su hng nhn, hng nhn c chn, v hng nhn xuyn qua. Bn cng c th n tm thi cc b phn trong mn hnh bng vic dng cng c Hide. Trn mn hnh tt c cc i tng c to ra c th s khng c xut hin. Bit thm thng tin vo: Tr gip: Modeling > Getting started > Views > Displaying and Hiding objects in views.

Dm cao 3850:
u tin chng ta s to dm cao +3850 v sau sao chp chng (dng chut chn) ti cao cao hn. To dm: 1. M mt bng cao +3850 (PLAN+3850) 2. Nhp chut 2 ln vo biu tng Create beam. 3. Hon thnh hp thoi Beam Properties nh di v chon nt Apply

4. Trong mt bng cao +3850 (PLAN+3850) nhp chut chn ti giao im ca 2 ng li A-4 v sau l B-4 5. Tip tc n cc ng li ti 5,6, v 7.

Khi to phn t nm ngang lun r chut t bn tri qua bn phi hoc t bn di ln trn theo cch khng thay i t u n cui.

Sao chp dm ti cao cao hn:

La Chn dm: 1. Chn phng n b lc Beam Filter t danh sch ko xung. Bit thm thng tin vo: Tr gip: Modeling > Setting and tools > filter > Select filter. 2. S dng chut, la chn vng m c cha vt th sao chp.

Sao chp dm: 1. M khung nhn GRID 7 nhn phi chut v la chn lnh Copy > Translate t trnh n.

2. Nhp vo giao im ng li B-3850 v sau l B- 7350. Kim tra gi tr trong hp thoi.

3. Nhp Copy 4. Sao chp dm cao +13400 bng vic lp li cc bc 3-6. 5. Thay i i tng la chn quay v tiu chun ban u m cng c kh nng la chn nhng i tng khc nh ng khng phi l dm.

Dm cao +13400:
K n l to dm cao 13400 To ng li dm: Bng vic dng cc lnh tng t ca dm m chng ta to trc y, chng ta to thm nhng dm cn li cc v tr giao ca cc ng li c biu din hnh dng bn di.

To cc dm cn li: K n chng ta to nhng dm m nm v tr khng c giao ng li. Cng c s gip ta nhanh chng nhp vo cc im n v tr chnh xc ca i tng m khng cn bit to hoc mt phng cha ng thng hoc cc im. Thm thng tin : Tr gip: Modeling > Settings and tools > Snapping

To dm A: 1. Nhp 2 ln vo 1 ci dm hin hu trong m hnh v nhn Apply 2. Bt u vi lnh v dm. 3. Chc chn rng ch c biu tng Snap to reference lines/points ca nt chnh th 2 bn phi c bm.

4. Chc chn rng biu tng Snap to mid points c bm.

5. Nhn im gia ca dm gia to A-2 v A-3 v sau im gia ca dm gia to B2 v B-3

To dm B:

Chng ta s nhn chut vo v tr u tin ca dm B ti v tr giao im A-1 nh 1 im tham chiu v im th 2 nm cch giao im B-1 khong 9000 hng theo truc 1. Chng ta s nhp vo im th 2 ca dm B dng nt Perpendicular. Nhn vo im u tin ca dm B: 1. Bt u vi lnh ca dm. 2. Gi nt Ctrl v nhn vo im A-1 nh l im gc biu din to a phng. 3. Sau dng dy tc (khng c nhn) nh hng ng ( n im B-1)

4. nh vo s 9000 vo hp thoi (Hp thoi Enter a numeric location s t ng m)

5. Nhn Enter v hng dy tc n v tr ng ( bng 9000mm t im A-1 n hng B-1) Nhn v tr th 2 ca dm B 6. Nhn phi chut v la chn Perpendicular

7. Nhn v tr th 2 trn dm A (nhn bn di).

To dm C: Trong khi cn trong lnh to dm, 8. Nhn phi chut v chn Intersection ly quyn uy tin.

9. Nhn vo im giao dm B v ng li trc 2 v sau l im B-2.

To dm D: u tin chng ta s to 1 trong s cc dm bt xung quanh Silo v sau dng lnh Copy > Rotate to ra 3 dm khc. Bit thm thng tin vo: Tr gip : Modeling > Settings and Tools Settings and Tools reference > Edit > Copy > Rotate 1. Gi nt Ctrl v nhn vo im A-1 xc nh to a phng, dng day tc xc nh hng chnh xc ( ta im B-1)

2. nh s 4000 vo hp thoi v nhn Enter, dy tc s bt to chnh xc.

3. Nhn vo k t O trn bn phm, chn v tr c hng trc giao vi mt phng lm vic ( c gc 0o, 45o, 90o, 135o v 180o) 4. dy tc n im gia nh biu din bn di v nhp chut. 5. Nhn k t O tt lnh Ortho

Va sao chp va quay dm:

1. Chn dm m bn to. 2. Nhp phi chut v chn Copy > Rotate ko t trnh n xung.

3. Nhn im gia ca Silo nh ngha nh l im xoay (chn hng nhn m trong thy c cc Silo v nhp gn vo chu vi n tm im). Gi tr OX v OY ban u s xut hin trong hp thoi. 4. Hon thnh cc khc trong hp thoi. 5. Nhp Copy

Va sao chp va tnh tin dm n cc Silo khc:

Chng ta s sao chp cc dm n cc Silo khc. 1. Chn cc dm c t sng trong hnh v ( nhn Ctrl v cc phn cn chn). 2. Copy > Translate chng n 9000mm theo hng X.

H ging:
Trong mt dng GRID A, chng ta s thm nhng phn t dm ng dng cng c Create beam.

To ging a v b: 1. Nhp 2 ln vo biu tng Create beam. 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Beam Properties nh biu din v nhn Apply.

3. Trong hnh khng gian 3D to ging a u tin bng cch nhp vo to A-2 v sau l im gia ca ct A-3.

4. To ging b bng cch nhp vo v tr nh ca ct A-2 v sau l im gia ct A-3

S dng im khng ch (Handle) di chuyn u ging: Chng ta c th nhn thy t hnh nh trn rng u ging lch thp hn li trc l 200mm. By gi chng ta s dng im khng ch di chuyn u ging ny. Thm thng tin trong: Tr gip : Handles. 1. Chn ging a hin th im khng ch.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Nhp chut vo im khng ch mu vng ( Tekla sau s bt sng im). Nhp phi chut v chn Move > Translate di chuyn im ln 200mm Nhp vo Move. Sau lm li cc bc di chuyn nh dm b xung khong 800mm.

Sao chp i xng ging a v b: 1. Chn ging a v ging b 2. Nhn phi chut v chn Copy > Mirror 3. Trong hnh 3D, nhn im A-3 v sau l B-3 xc nh ng i xng. 4. Chn Copy Thm thng tin vo: Tr gip : Copy > Mirror By gi chng ta dng c m hnh ca tt c dm thp trong m hnh Model1. M hnh c biu din trong hnh bn di.

1.7 To phn t btng:

Tm sn btng li rng: Chng ta s to nhng tm sn btng li rng. Thay v nh v bn sn theo giao im ca li, chng ta s to bn sn theo b mt ca nhng ct thp. To sn btng li rng: Trong hnh chiu bng PLAN +13400: 1. Nhp 2 ln vo biu tng Create concrete beam 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Concrete beam properties nh biu din v bm nt Apply.

3. Nhn vo giao im ca mt ngoi cnh ct v trc 4, sau l giao ca mt phng bn ngoi cnh ct v trc 5 ( Chc chn rng biu tng Snap to geometry lines/points c nhn xung). 4. Nhn nt gia chut to sn.

Sao chp sn theo hng trc Y: 1. Chn sn m bn to. 2. Nhn phi chut v chn Copy > Translate t trnh n. 3. nh s 1200 trong DY ca hp thoi Copy - Translate v s 10 trong s lng sao chp. Sao chp sn theo hng trc X: 1. Qut 1 vng chn, chn tt c cc sn btng. 2. Nhp phi chut v chn Copy > Translate t trnh n. 3. nh s 6000 trong DX ca hp thoi Copy - Translate.

4. Nhp Copy. Sao chp sn btng li rng n cao 7350 v 3850. Sao chp sn: 1. Gi nt Ctrl v chn tt c sn btng li rng bng 3 vng qut qua cc tm sn.

2. Vn gi nt Ctrl v nhn vo 2 ci sn c biu din trong hnh bn di khng la chn chng ( Chng ta s to cu thang y trong cc bi tip theo).

3. Nhn phi chut v chn Copy > Translate t trnh n. 4. Bm -6050 trong DZ ca hp thoi Copy - Translate, nhn Copy. 5. Bm -9550 trong DZ ca hp thoi Copy - Translate, nhn Copy.

San btng:

Bt u vi lnh ca sn: 1. Nhp 2 ln vo biu tng Create concrete slab. 2. Hon thnh hp thoi Create concrete properties nh biu din bn di v nhn Apply.

Chn v tr cho sn: 3. Trong hnh chiu bng PLAN +13400 chn im A (giao im ca mt ngoi cnh ct v trc 1, biu din trong hnh trc y)

4. dy tc n v tr va chn ( khng c nhp chut) v nhn Y kho to Y.

5. dy tc n u dm gn im B v nhp chut.

6. Nhn Y gii phng to kho.

7. Nhn im C.

8. Nhn im D.

9. Nhn nt gia chut to sn.

Sao chp sn BT: 1. Chn sn m bn va mi to. 2. Copy Translate sn cch 9000mm theo phng X. By gi khung Model1 c hon thnh.

Thm thng tin v tr: Tr gip: Modeling > Introduction > General informationSingle user mode vs. multiuser mode Tr gip: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Languages and Environments.