THO LUN PHNG SCH

Gii thiu
nh gi tng quan v Cp sch ca phng, chng ta phi nh gi c: Nng
bi sinh ra , lng bi c lc bi cc filter v hiu sut ca dng khng kh
mang bi i ra khi phng sch hoc vng sch.
Ngun bi sinh ra bao gm ngun pht sinh bi bn trong v s xm nhp bi t bn
ngoi.
Lng bi lc c bi filter ph thuc vo cp lc_thng thng c tnh cho
H13 n U17 (EN 1822)_ v s ln khng kh tun hon qua lc.
Hiu sut ca dng kh mang bi ra ngoi l kh nng dng khng kh ly bi i khi
n c sinh ra. Chnh v th khi thit k phng sch iu ch quan trng l dng
kh. Dng kh n hng " unidirectional flow", dng khng n hng
"nonunidirectional flow", dng kt hp "mixed flow", dng cho khu vc cch ly.
Dng kh c th c thit k i thng t trn xung "vertical flow", dng kh i
ngang "horizontal flow"...
Sau khi xem xt k lng cc yu t, ta c th thit lp phng trnh cn bng bi cho
Phng sch. Cng ging nh cc phng trnh cn bng khc (cn bng nhit, cn
bng m, cn bng nng CO2 v cc cht c hi cho sc khe con ngi trong iu
ha khng kh) nhm a ra trng thi n nh ti u t c yu cu iu ha
nh mong mun.
Phng trnh rt chi l n gin: " Lng bi sinh ra - Lng bi lc c =Lng
bi cn li trong Phng sch". Nu trong phng trnh c tnh l lng bi trn mt
n v thi gian th ta s tnh c khong thi gian t khi bt u n khi t c
nng cn bng.Mt trong nhng bc u tin ca cng vic thit k Phng sch l
nh gi c cp sch theo yu cu. nh gi cp sch gm yu t c bn
sau: "
T NH TON N GIN CHN LC CHO PHNG SCH
NGUN BI
Khng kh bn ngoi:
H thng HVAC cho phng sch da vo iu kin khng kh bn ngoi. Cp bi
ca n ph thuc vo tng a im v thi gian.
Quy trnh sn xut vic nhp liu cn ch nu c mang theo bi vo phng.
V d khng kh sch c phn t ln hn 0.1 micron l 5x 10
8
/ m
3
, khng kh bn c
10
10
/ m
3
.


Ngun Bi To Ra Bn Trong:
Kh khn trong thit k l vic tnh ton ngun bi to ra bn trong phng. Bi to ra
bn trong phng do ngi lm vic bn trong v quy trnh sn xut nn c xem xt
k lng.
Qua vic dng my m bi bng tia laser, i vi ngi lm vic th sinh ra khong
10
6
phn t ln hn 0,1 m trong mt giy, 4x10
5
pt 0.3 m/s v 2x10
5
pt 0.5m/s.


CHN LC
Tiu chun & S phng sch:
Cp phng sch theo tiu chun hay p dng:
Ngoi cc phn t c kch thc 0.1 n 5 m, cn ch n ultrafine particle (< 0.1
m) v macroparticle (> 5m).

US Fed. STD 209E

nh gi mt phng sch:
Cp sch trng thi ng dng kch thc phn t
) / (
) / 1 . 0 ( 10
3
08 . 2
m pt
D C
N
n
=
2 . 2
3
) / 5 . 0 ( 10
) / (
d
m pt
M
=
Mt s s phng sch:
Dng laminar:
Dng laminar gi ng hn l dng

Nng phn t trc khi qua lc HEPA:
( )( )
out p up
C x
Q
S
x C + = 1 1

Nng phn t khi qua lc HEPA:
( )( ) ( )
f out p
C x
Q
S
x C
(

+ = 1 1 1


Trng hp khng tun hon: (x =0)
Nng phn t trc khi qua lc HEPA:
( )
out p up
C C = 1

Nng phn t khi qua lc HEPA:
( ) ( )
f out p
C C = 1 1

Trng hp tun hon 100% (x=1)
Nng phn t trc khi qua lc HEPA:
Q S C
up
/ =

Nng phn t khi qua lc HEPA:
( )
f
Q S C = 1 /

Dng kh ri turbulence

Nng pt trong phng:
( )( )( )
out f p
C x
Q
S
C + = 1 1 1

Dng kt hp _ dng ri v dng thng


( ) ( )( )( )
out f p B room
C x Q Q S C + + = 1 1 1 /

( ) ( )( )( ) | |( )
B out f p B B
C x Q Q S C + + = 1 1 1 1 /


QUICK SELECTION GUIDE
FILTER GRADE*
Coarse filters
Fine Filters
Page 3
Page 11
AIR FILTER SOLUTION
G2
>
65% EU2
G3
>
80% EU3
G4
>
90% EU4
F5
>
40%
F6
>
60%


E
N

7
7
9
:

2
0
0
2

E
U
R
O
V
E
N
T

4
/
5

M
E
D
I
U
M

E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

H
I
G
H

E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y

E
U
R
O
V
E
N
T

4
/
5

F
I
N
E

F
I
L
T
E
R
S


E
N

7
7
9
:

2
0
0
2
F7
>
80%
F8
>
90%
F9
>
95%
EU5
EU6
EU7
EU8
EU9
Primary
Filtration
Air-
conditioned
premises
with
non-specific
Preparatory
filtering
upstream
of
V
E
R
Y

H
I
G
H

E
F
F
I
C
I
E
N
C
Y



E
N

1
8
2
2

E
U
R
O
V
E
N
T

4
/
4
H
E
P
A
U
L
P
A
EU10
EU11
EU12
EU13
EU14
>
95%
>
85% H10
>
95% H11
>
99,5% H12
>
99,95% H13
>
99,995% H14
>
99,9995% U15
>
99,99995% U16
>
99,999995% U17
>
99,9%
>
99,97%
>
99,99%
>
99,999%
tertiary
or industrial
pollution
Final filters/
Clean room
filters
C
l
a
s
s

a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g

t
o

F
e
d
.

S
t
d

2
0
9
E

1
0

0
0
0
1
0
0

0
0
0

1
0
0

t
o

1
0
0
0


1

t
o

1
0
Filter
Holdings
Frames/
Casings
Filters housings, Sofdistri, FC Casings,
Type 8 filter frames etc
HEPA/ ULPA
filters
DOP 0,3m
Page 39
Page 118
MPPS (Most Penetrating Particle Size)
Filter Housings andSystems P. 118 Special Applications P. 113 Molecular FiltrationP. 101 Filter EngineeringP. 97 Camfil Farr Solutions P. 86 VeryHighEfficiencyP. 39 MediumEfficiencyP. 3 HighEfficiencyP. 11
88
V D TNH TON:
Dng n hng vi 100% khng kh bn ngoi
Xem xt phn t 0.1 m vi hai lp lc Hi-FLO v lc HEPA GOLDSEAL ca
Camfil Farr.
Gi s ly kh ngoi tri vi iu kin xu nht s c nng 10
10
pt/m
3
ln hn 0.1
m. Lc Hi-FLO lc c 50% v HEPA GOLDSEAL lc c 99,9998% vi pt 0.1
m ny.
Qua lc Hi-FLO nng phn t cn li 50% l 5 x 10
9
,
Qua lc HEPA nng phn t s cn li l: 0,0002% x 5 x 10
9
=10
4
=1 000 pt/m
3
.
Phn loi phng sch theo tiu chun Fed Std 209E:
000 1 ) / 5 . 0 ( 10 ) / (
2 . 2 3
= = d m pt
M

Suy ra: M =2.462 vi phn t d = 0.1 m
Nh vy vi 2 cp lc nh trn chng ta c th t ti cp sch M2.5 vi gii hn
12 400 pt/m
3
.
10 000 pt/m
3
0.1 m t c ISO Class 4
Dng n hng ti tun hon 100%
Gi s phn b 1 ngi trn 10 mt vung v ch c ngi sinh ra bi. Dng tun
hon 100 %. Dng laminar vi vn tc trung bnh c bit l 0.45 m/s. Lu lng
gi cp l 10 x 0.45 =4.5 m3/s. Cng xem xt vi bi 0.1 m.
Nu cng gi s ngi sinh ra bi 10
6
pt/s v nng trc khi qua lc HEPA s l:
3 5 6
/ 10 2 . 2 5 . 4 / 10 / m pt x Q S C
up
= = =

Gi s t lc MICRETAIN hiu sut 98% th nng phn t lc qua l:
2% x (2.2 x 10
5
) =4400 pt/m
3
vi nhng pt bng & ln hn 0.1m. Vi nng ny
cha t c cp sch M2 (0.1m) gii hn 3500 pt/m
3
.
Dng n hng vi t l gi hi
Gi s thit k vi gi hi 80 % (x= 0.8) khng kh ngoi ly vo dng bn C
out
=10
10

pt/m
3
, pt ln hn 0.1m.
Phn b 1 ngi trn 10 m
2
, dng laminar vi gi cp l 4.5 m
3
/s.
S dng Hi FLO hiu sut 50%. Nng phn t trc lc HEPA l:
( )( )
3 9 5
/ 10 10 78 . 1 1 1 m pt x C x
Q
S
x C
out p up
+ = + =

Ta thy 2 thng s ca php cng trn _Bi bn trong sinh ra nh hn nhiu so vi bi
t ngoi mang vo_ nng bi sinh ra bn trong khng nh hng nhiu n php
ton (gi s b qua d tnh ton v khi nhn vi 2x 10
-6
th cn li con s rt b).
S dng lc HEPA GOLDSEAL lc trn trn trn vi hiu sut 99,9998% i vi
pt 0.1m . Nng cn li l: 0.0002% x 10
9
=2000 pt/m
3
.
nh gi cp sch theo Fed 209:
M =lg 2000 2.2lg (0.5/0.1) =1.76
Phng s c phn loi cp sch cao hn M2 (vi pt 0.1 m)
Nu tnh ton theo tiu chun ISO:
2000 =10N (0.1/0.1)2.08 suy ra: N =lg2000 =3.3
Dng kh ri
Gi s 1 ngi phn b trn 10 m
2
ra 10
6
pt/s vi pt >0.1m v phng cao 3m
Khng kh bn ngoi vi nng C
out
=10
10
pt/m3 vi pt > 0.1 m
S dng lc HI FLO hiu sut 50% v HEPA hiu sut 99,998%
Chn t l trao i khng kh 30 ln /gi
Lu lng khng kh tnh ton c 0.25 m
3
/s.
Khng kh tun hon 80%
Nng pt c tnh:
( )( )( )
out f p
C x
Q
S
C + = 1 1 1

C =4 020 000 pt/m3 vi pt > 0.1m
Cp sch M = lg (4 020 000) 2.2 lg (0.5/0.1) =5.06
Nng ny qu cao khng c phn loi trong tiu chun Fed Std 209E vi M =
5.06
S dng lc tt hn khng c a ra v d ny. Mun gim nng pt trong
phng cn gim ngun pt sinh ra bn trong, bng cch ti u hn v qun o, gang
tay, chm u cho cng nhn trong phng sch hoc tng t l trao i khng kh cao
hn.
Cng v d ny tnh vi pt 0,5 m.
Hi FLO 85 hiu sut 70%, lc hiu sut cao 99,9999%
Qu trnh bn trong gi s to ra S = 2 x 10
5
pt/s >0.5 m
Nng pt khng kh bn ngoi C
out
=3 x 107 pt/m
3
>0.5 m
Nng pt c tnh:
( )( )( )
out f p
C x
Q
S
C + = 1 1 1

C =800 002 pt/m3 vi pt > 0.5m
Cp sch M = lg (800 002) 2.2 lg (0.5/0.5) =5.9 ( vi pt > 0.5m).
Ph hp vi class M 6 v ct gii hn pt 0.5 m trong bng Fed Std 209E
Nu tnh ton theo tiu chun ISO:
800 002 =10N (0.1/0.5)2.08 suy ra: N =lg(800 002) 2.08 lg(0.1/0.5) =7.35
Cng v d ny
Ta thay lc vi hiu sut cao hn v d chn lc Micretain hiu sut 99 % vi pt 0.5
m. Nng pt l C =818 000 pt/m3.
Cp sch t M 5.91, ta thy thay i rt nh. Nn vic tng t l trao i khng
kh ln tng cp sch l mt iu d dng hn.
tnh d dng hn, phn mm h tr vic tnh ton c n gin hn rt nhiu.
Ly v d t dng kh ri trn

Mt s hiu sut lc ca Camfil Farr