UBND TNH THI NGUYN

S GIO DC V O TO
CHNH THC

THI CHN HC SINH GII TNH

NM HC 2011-2012
MN THI: HO HC LP 11
(Thi gian lm bi 150 pht khng k thi gian giao
)

Cu I. (5,0 im)
1. X l nguyn t thuc nhm A, hp cht vi hidro c dng XH3. Electron cui cng

trn nguyn t X c tng 4 s lng t bng 4,5. iu kin thng XH3 l mt

cht kh. Vit cng thc cu to, d on trng thi lai ho ca nguyn t trung tm
trong phn t XH3, trong oxit v hiroxit ng vi ha tr cao nht ca X.
2. X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong H thng tun hon (HTTH)
c tng s in tch l 90 (X c s in tch ht nhn nh nht).
a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca X, Y, R, A, B. Gi tn cc nguyn t .
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca X2, Y, R, A+, B2+. So snh bn knh ca chng v
gii thch.
c) Trong phn ng oxi ho-kh, X2, Y th hin tnh cht c bn g? V sao?
d) Cho dung dch A2X vo dung dch phn chua thy c kt ta xut hin v c kh
thot ra. Gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng.
3.
a) Gii thch v sao cho d NH4Cl vo dung dch NaAlO2 ri un nng th thy kt
ta Al(OH)3 xut hin
b) Hon thnh phng trnh ha hc (PTHH) ca phn ng oxi ho-kh sau v cn
bng theo phng php cn bng electron:
NaNO2 + KMnO4 + ?
? + MnSO4 + ? + ?
Cu II. (5,0 im)

1. Vit cc PTHH ca cc phn ng thc hin s bin ho ha hc sau:

B1
+H2O

CH3-CHO

B2

hirocacbon X
+H2O

CH3-CHO

+H2O

CH3-CHO

A1

A2
+H2O

CH3-CHO

+H2O

CH3-CHO

2. Khi cho 13,8 gam glixerin (A) tc dng vi mt axit hu c n chc (B) thu c
cht hu c E c khi lng bng 1,18 ln khi lng cht A ban u. Bit rng hiu
sut phn ng t 73,75%. Tm cng thc cu to ca B v E.
Cu III. (5,0 im)

Ho tan 2,16 gam hn hp (Na, Al, Fe) vo nc d thu c 0,448 lt kh (

ktc) v mt lng cht rn. Tch lng cht rn ny cho tc dng ht vi 60 ml dung
dch CuSO4 1M th thu c 3,2 gam Cu v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng
va vi dung dch NaOH thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Nung kt ta trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B.
a) Xc nh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp.
b) Tnh khi lng cht rn B.

Cu IV. (2,5 im)

Sau khi un nng 23,7gam KMnO4 thu c 22,74 gam hn hp cht rn. Cho hn
hp cht rn trn tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit HCl 36,5% (d = 1,18g/ml) un
nng.
1) Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
2) Tnh th tch kh Cl2 thu c ( ktc).
3) Tnh th tch dung dch axit HCl cn dng.
CuV. (2,5 im)

Ha tan x gam hn hp gm CuCl 2 v FeCl3 vo nc, thu c dung dch A. Chia

dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau. Cho lng d kh hiro sunfua vo phn mt thu
c 1,28 gam kt ta. Cho lng d dung dch Na 2S vo phn hai thu c 3,04 gam
kt ta. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh x.
(Cho: H=1; C =12; N=14; O=16; Na=23; Be=9; Mg=24; Al=27;
P=31; S=32; Cl=35,5; K=39; Fe=56; Cu=64; Br=80; Ag=108.)
Ht
( Gim th khng gii thch g thm)

H v tn th sinh:............................................................................................
S bo danh:.....................................

UBND TNH THI NGUYN

S GIO DC V O TO
CHNH THC

HD CHM THI CHN HSG TNH

NM HC 2011-2012
MN THI: HO HC LP 11
(Thi gian lm bi 150 pht khng k thi gian giao
)

Cu

Ni dung

im
1,5

1.

V X thuc nhm A, hp cht vi hidro c dng XH3 nn l nhm VA

(ns2np3). Vy: ms = +1/2; l = 1 ; m = +1
n = 4,5 2,5 = 2.
Vy X l Nit ( 1s22s22p3)
I
(3,0)
Cng thc cu to cc hp cht v d on trng thi lai ha ca
nguyn t trung tm:
NH3 : N c trng thi lai ho sp3.
N
H

H
H

N2O5: N c trng thi lai ho sp2.

O

HNO3 : N c trng thi lai ho sp

O
H

N
O

2.

a) Gi Z l s in tch ht nhn ca X
=> S in tch ht nhn ca Y, R, A, B ln lt
(Z + 1), (Z + 2), (Z + 3), (Z + 4) Theo gi thit
Z + (Z + 1) + (Z + 2) + (Z + 3) + (Z + 4) = 90
=> Z = 16
16X; 17Y; 18R; 19A; 20B
(S) (Cl) (Ar) (K) (Ca)
2b) S , Cl-, Ar, K+, Ca2+ u c cu hnh e: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
S lp e ging nhau => r ph thuc in tch ht nhn. in tch ht nhn
cng ln th bn knh r cng nh.

1,5

rS2- > rCl- > rAr > rK + > rCa 2+

c) Trong phn ng oxi ha kh, ion S2-, Cl- lun lun th hin tnh kh
v cc ion ny c s oxi ha thp nht
d) Dung dch phn chua: K+, Al3+, SO42- khi cho dung dch K2S vo
2Al3+ + 3S2- = Al2S3
Al2S3 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
3.

2,0

a)
NaAlO 2 Na + + OH
+
4

NH 4 Cl NH + Cl
+
4

NH NH 3 + H

(1)

(2)

(3)

AlO + H HAlO 2 + H

HAlO 2 + H 2 O Al(OH)3

(4)
(5)

Khi un nng th NH3 bay i lm cho cn bng (3) v do (4,5) chuyn

dch sang phi, ngha l kt ta Al(OH)3 xut hin
b)
5NaNO2+2KMnO4+ 3H2SO4
5NaNO3 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 3H2O
3,0

1.
X: C2H2
A1:CH2=CHCl
A2:CH3 -CH2Cl
B1: CH2=CH-OCOCH3
B2: CH3 -CHCl-OCOCH3
Cc PTHH ca cc phn ng (9 PTHH).

B1
II
(5,0)

B2
+H2O

hirocacbon X
+H2O

CH3-CHO

CH3-CHO

A1

+H2O

A2

+H2O

CH3-CHO

+H2O

CH3-CHO

CH3-CHO

2.

2,0

nA= 13,8: 92 = 0,15mol

Phng trnh phn ng:
C3H5(OH)3 +xRCOOH
C3H5(OH)3-x(OCOR)x + xH2O ( 1 x 3 )
mE = 13,8 x 1,18 = 16,284gam
ME=

16,284 100
x
= 148
0,15 73,35

ME= 41+ 17(3-x) + (44+R)x

R=

56 27x
x

Nu x = 1 R = 29 B: C2H5COOH;
E c 2 ng phn
Nu x = 2 R = 1 B: HCOOH;
E c 2 ng phn
Nu x = 2 R < 0 : khng ph hp
1,0

nH2 = 0,448:22,4 = 0,02

III
(5,0)

nCu 2+ = 0,06.1= 0,06; nCu 2+ pu = 3,2:64 = 0,05

nCu 2+ du = 0,06 -0,05 = 0,01

Cc phn ng: Na + H2O

( Na+ + OH-)

1
H2 (1)
2

Al + H2O + OH- AlO2- +

x/2 (mol)

3
H2
2

(2)

x
x
x
3/2x (mol)
2+
3+
2Al + 3Cu
2Al + 3Cu
(3)
(y-x)
3/2(y-x
(y-x)
3/2(y-x)
Fe
+ Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
(4)
a) Gi s khng c (3) xy ra cht rn ch l Fe
Theo (4) noFe= nCu = 0,05 moFe= 0,05.56 = 2,8>2,16
(khng ph hp bi)
2+
Vy c (3) v v Cu cn d nn Al v Fe phn ng ht theo (3) v (4)
Theo (1) v (2): nH = x+
2

Theo (3): nAl(3) = y - 0,01

nCu2+=

2,0

3
x = 0,02 x = 0,01
2

3
(y - 0,01)
2

Theo (4): nFe = nCu2+(4)= 0,05-

3
(y - 0,01)
2

Ta c : mNa + mAl + mFe = 23.0,01 + 27y + 56[0,05 y = 0,03

3
(y - 0,01)] =2,16
2

Vy trong hn hp ban u:
mNa = 23.0,01 = 0,23 gam
m Al = 27.0,03 = 0,81 gam
mFe = 2,16 - 0,23 -0,81 = 1,12 gam
b) Trong dung dch A c:

2,0

nAl 3+ = 0, 03 0, 01 = 0, 02
nCu 2+ du = 0, 01
nFe2+ = nFe = 1,12 : 56 = 0, 02

Ta c s
mCuO = 0,01.80
Cu2+ Cu(OH)2 CuO
= 0,8 gam
2+
Fe
Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 mFe2O3 = 0,02/2.160 = 1,6 gam
m Al2O3 = 0,02/2.102 = 1,02gam
Al3+ Al(O )3 Al2O3
Vy mB = 0,8 + 1,6 + 1,02 = 3,24 gam

1. Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra

t
2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Cht rn sau phn ng gm: K2MnO4 , MnO2 v KMnO4 cha phn ng :
Cho sn phm tc dng vi dung dch HCl c cc phn ng
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
K2MnO4 + 8HCl 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
t
MnO2 + 4HCl
MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0

IV
(2,5)

0,5

2. Ta c cc qu trnh:
Mn+7
0,15mol
2O-2

1,0

5e
5.0,15

Mn

+2

O2
+
4e
(23,7 22,74)/32
0,03.4
2Cl Cl2
+ 2e
x
2.x
p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:
5.0,15 = 0,03.4 + 2x x= 0,315 mol V = 0,315.22,4 = 7,056 lt
3. p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t
nHCl = nKCl + 2nMnCl + 2nCl = 0,15 + 2.0,15 + 2.0,315 = 1,08 mol
2

1,0

1, 08.36,5.100
Vy Vdung dch HCl = 36,5.1,18 = 91,53(ml )

V
(2,
5)

Phn 1: CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl (1)

2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl (2)
Phn 2: CuCl2 + Na2S CuS + 2NaCl (3)
2FeCl3 + 3Na2S 2FeS + S + 6NaCl (4)
t s mol CuCl2 v FeCl3 trong mi phn l a v b mol.

1,0

1,5

T cc phng trnh (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c

96a + 16b = 1,28
96a + 104b = 3,04

(I)
(II)

Gii h (I) v (II ) ta c a= 0,01 mol v b = 0,02 mol

T ta c x = 2(135.0,01 + 162,5.0,02) = 9,2 gam.
Ch :
Th sinh c th gii bi ton theo cch khc nu lp lun ng v tm
ra kt qu ng vn cho im ti a.