s 2

Cu 1
1. Titan (II) oxit TiO c cu trc tinh th kiu NaCl.
a. V mt mng n v (t bo c s).
b. Bit cnh ca mng n v a = 0,420 nm. Tnh khi lng ring ca TiO.
2. Tnh nng lng mng tinh th ca TiO t cc s liu sau:
Nng lng thng hoa ca Ti
425 kJ.mol1
Nng lng nguyn t ho ca O2
494 kJ.mol1
Nng lng ion ho th nht ca Ti
658 kJ.mol1
Nng lng ion ho th hai ca Ti
1310 kJ.mol1
i lc electron ca O
141,5 kJ.mol1

i lc electron ca O
797,5 kJ.mol1
Nhit to thnh tiu chun ca TiO
416 kJ.mol1.
Cu 2
1. Ho tan sn phm rn ca qu trnh nu chy hn hp gm bt ca mt khong vt mu en, kali
hiroxit v kali clorat, thu c dung dch c mu lc m. Khi trong khng kh, mu lc ca dung
dch chuyn dn thnh mu tm. Qu trnh chuyn cn xy ra nhanh hn nu sc kh clo vo dung
dch hay khi in phn dung dch.
a. Hy cho bit khong vt mu en l cht g.
b. Vit phng trnh ca tt c cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh th nghim.
2. Nung hn hp A gm st v lu hunh sau mt thi gian c hn hp rn B. Cho B tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d, thu c V1 lt hn hp kh C. T khi ca C so vi hiro bng 10,6. Nu t chy hon ton B
thnh Fe2O3 v SO2 cn V2 lt kh oxi.
a. Tm tng quan ga tr V1 v V2 (o cng iu kin).
b. Tnh hm lng phn trm cc cht trong B theo V1 v V2.
c. Hiu sut thp nht ca phn ng nung trn l bao nhiu phn trm.
d. Nu hiu sut ca phn ng nung trn l 75%, tnh hm lng phn trm cc cht trong hn hp B.
Cho bit S = 32; Fe = 56; O = 16.
Cu 3
1. Tnh pH ca dung dch A gm KCN 0,120 M; NH3 0,150 M v KOH 5,00.10-3 M.
2. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,210 M cn cho vo 50,00 mL dung dch A pH ca hn hp thu c
bng 9,24.
3. Thm 1,00 mL dung dch HClO 4 0,0100 M vo 100,00 mL dung dch KCN 0,0100 M. Thm 2 git cht
ch th bromothimol xanh (khong pH chuyn mu t 6,0 - 7,6: pH < 6,0 mu vng; pH > 7,6 mu xanh
lc). Sau thm tip 100,00 mL dung dch Hg(ClO4)2 0,300 M. C hin tng g xy ra? Gii thch.
4. Thm 1 git (khong 0,03 mL) dung dch nc H2S bo ho vo hn hp thu c trong mc 3. C hin tng
g xy ra?
Cho bit pKa ca HCN l 9,35; ca NH4+ l 9,24; ca H2S l 7,00 v 12,92;
Hg2+ + CN
Hg2+ + 2CN

HgCN+

lg1 = 18,0

Hg(CN)2

lg2 = 34,70

Ch s tch s tan pKS ca HgS l 51,8. Nng H2S trong dung dch bo ho bng 0,10 M.
Cu 4
Phng trnh phn ng iot ho axeton trong dung dch c xc tc axit:

CH C CH
3

O (A)

+ I CH C CH I +
2

(B)

HI

O (E)

(F)thy phn ng l bc nht i vi axeton v bc nht i vi H+. Mt khc, thc nghim

Thc nghim cho
cng cho thy trong qu trnh
CH3 C CH3 v CH3 C = CH2
phn ng c to ra cc cht trung gian
+
T ngi ta nu gi thit phn ng trn xy ra qua 3 giai on.
OH
OH
a) Vit phng trnh biu din nh lut tc ca phn ng v cho bit n v (th nguyn) ca hng
s tc phn ng.
b) Vit biu thc biu din tc phn ng qua: tc tiu hao (A), (B); tc to thnh
(E), (F)
c) Vit phng trnh biu din 3 giai on ca phn ng. Giai on no quyt nh tc

phn ng. Hy chng minh c ch anh (ch) nu ra ph hp vi phng trnh vit (a).
d) Mt th nghim, ngi ta ly nng ban u ca axeton, iot v ion H+ u bng 0,1M. Sau 30 pht,
nng axeton gim bt 15% so vi nng ban u. Tc to thnh HI ti thi im 30 pht l
3,47.10-5 mol. L-1. pht-1. Hy tnh hng s tc phn ng.

Cu 2.
1. Khong vt mu en l MnO2.
Dung dch mu lc m chuyn dn thnh mu tm khi trong khng kh ch c th l dung dch
MnO42- vy phn ng xy ra khi nu chy hn hp l
3MnO2 + 6KOH + 6KlO3 = 3K2MnO4 + 3H2O + KCl

(1)

3K2MnO4 + 2H2O = 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 4KOH

(2)

2KOH + CO2 = K2CO3

(3)

Phn ng ny lm cn bng (2) chuyn dch dn sang phi

2K2MnO4 + Cl2 = 2KMnO4 + 2KCl
2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
2. Fe + S

in ph
n

2KMnO4 + 2KOH + H2

FeS.

Thnh phn B gm c FeS, Fe v c th c S.

FeS + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2S
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2.
Vy trong C c H2S v H2 . Gi x l % ca H2 trong hn hp C .
(2x+34(100-x))/100 = 10,6.2 = 21,2 -> x = 40%
Vy trong C, H2 = 40% theo s mol ; H2S = 60%.
a) t chy B :
4FeS + 7O2 = 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2
4Fe + 3O2 = 2Fe2O3
S + O2 = SO2 .
Th tch O2 t chy FeS l: (3V1/5) . (7/4) = 21V1/20.
Th tch O2 t chy Fe l: (2V1/5) . (3/4) = 6V1/20.
Tng th tch O2 t chy FeS v Fe l: 21V1/20 + 6V1/20 = 27V1/20.
Th tch O2 t chy S l: V2- (27V1/20) = V2 - 1,35 V1. Vy V2 1,35 V1

3V1
x88 x100
5280V1
165V1
5
=
=
%
b) % FeS =
3V1
2V1
75,2V1 + 32(V2 1,35V1 ) V2 + V1
x88 +
x56 + 32(V2 1,35V1 )
5
5
2V1
x56 x100
70V1
5
% Fe =
=
%
32(V2 + V1 ) V2 + V1
%S =

32(V2 1,35V1 ) x100 100V2 135V1 )

=
%
32(V2 + V1 )
V2 + V1

c) Nu d S so vi Fe th tnh hiu sut phn ng theo Fe. Trng hp ny H = 60%. Nu d Fe so vi S tnh

hiu sut phn ng theo S. Trng hp ny H > 60% Vy hiu sut thp nht ca phn ng nung trn l 60%.
d) Nu H = 75% c ngha l nFeS = 3ns d. nFeS t l 3V1/5 Vy nS t l vi V1/5.

% FeS =

% Fe =

5280V1
5280V1
=
= 64,7%
32V1 81,6V1
75,2V1 +
5

2240V1
= 27,45%
81,6V1

%S = 100 - (64,7+27,45) = 7,85%

Cu 3
1) CN- + H2O = HCN + OH-

Kb1 = 10- 4,65

NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH-

Kb2 = 10- 4,76

KOH -> K+ + OHH2O = H+ + OH[OH-] = CKOH + [HCN] + [NH4+] + [H+]

t [OH-] = x
x = 5.10-3 + KB1[CN]/x + KB2[NH3]/x + KH2O/x

x2 - 5.10-3x - (KB1[CN-] + KB2[NH3] + KH2O) = 0

Tnh gn ng coi [CN-] bng CCN- = 0,12M ; [NH3] = CNH3 = 0,15 M .

Ta c: x2 - 5.10-3 . x - 5,29 . 10-6 = 0 -> x = [OH-] = 5,9.10-3M.
Kim li [HCN] / [CN-] = 10-4,65/ 5,9.10-3 = 3,8.10-3 -> [HCN] << [CN-]
[NH4+ ] / [NH3] = 10-4,76/ 5,9.10-3 = 2,9.10-3 -> [NH4+] << [NH3]
Vy cch gii gn ng trn c th chp nhn -> pH = 11,77.
2. pH = pKNH4+ + lg([NH3]/[NH4+] ) = 9,24 + lg([NH3]/[NH4+] ) = 9,24

[NH4+] = [NH3] c ngha l 50% [NH3] b trung ho; d nhin ton b KOH b trung ho.
Mt khc PH = 9,24 = pKHCN + lg([CN-]/[HCN] ) = 9,35 + lg([CN-]/[HCN] )

[CN-] = 10-0,11 = 0,776.

[HCN]/[CN-] ) = 1/0,776 -> [HCN] / CCN- = 1/(1+0,776) = 0,563
Ngha l 56,3% CN- b trung ho.
Vy VHCL . 0,21 = VA . CKCN . 0,563 + VA. CNH3 . 0,5 + VA . CKOH
VHCL = 50(0,12 . 0,563 + 0,15 . 0,5 + 5.10-3 ) / 0,51 = 35,13 ml.
3. CHCLO4 = (0,01 . 1) / 101 = 9,901 x 10-5M.
CKCN = (0,01 . 100)/101 = 9,901 .10-3M
H+

CN-

9,901.10

-5

9,901.10

HCN
-3

9,802.10-3
Thnh phn:
CNC
[

HCN
+

9,901.10-5

9,901.10-5M + CN- 9,802.10-3M

H 2O

HCN

OH-

9,802.10-3

9,901.10-5

(9,802.10-3-x)

(9,901.10 -5+x)

-5

-3

x(9,901 .10 +x) / (9,802 .10 - x) = 10

-4,65

Kb = 10-4,65

x + 1,214 .10-4x - 2,194 . 10-7 = 0

2

x = [OH-] = 4,12 .10 -4M ; pH = 10,61 > 7,6 . Vy mi u dung dch c mu xanh lc.
Khi thm 100 ml dung dch Hg((ClO4)2) 0,3M
CCN- = 9,802 . 10-3 . 101 / 201 = 4,929 . 10-3M; CHCN = 9,901 . 10-5 . 101 / 201 = 4,975 . 10-5M;
CHg2+ = 0,3 . 100 / 201 = 0,1493 M >> CCN-.
Vy CN- to phc ht vi Hg2+
0

C
C
Hg2+

Hg2+
+ CN0,1493
4,929 .10-3
0,1443
d phn ng tip vi HCN

= HgCN+

= 1018

4,929.10-3

Hg2+
+ HCN
= HgCN+
+ H+
K = 108,65
-5
-3
C
0,1443
4,975 .10
4,929.10
C
0,14425
4,975.10-3
4,975.10-5
+
-18
S phn ly ca HgCN khng ng k (K = 10 ) li cn d Hg2+ , nng CN- phn ly ra v
0

cng b khng nh hng n pH ca dung dch v vy [H+] = 4,975.10-5


pH = 4,3 < 6,0. Do sau khi thm Hg(ClO4)2 dung dch chuyn sang mu vng.
4. Thm mt git (0,03 ml) dung dch H2S bo ho vo hn hp (3) th tch hn hp coi nh khng i.
CH2S = 0,03 . 0,1 / 201 = 1,493 .10-5 M
H2S
= H+
+ HS-5
-5
C
1,493.10
4,975 .10
C
1,493.10-5-x
4,975.10-5 + x
x
x(4,975 . 10-5 +x) / (1,493 .10-5 - x) = 10-7 -> x = 3.10-8 << CH+
0

10-7

Nh vy nng H+ do s phn ly ca H2S l khng ng k

H2S
= 2H+
+ S2-5
-5
[ ]
1,493.10
4,975 .10
x
[S2- ] = x = 10-19,92 . 1,493. 10-5 / (4,975.10-5 )2 = 7,25 .10-17M

10-19,92

V s phn ly ca HgCN+ khng ng k c th coi CHg2+ = 0,14425 M.

CHg2+ . CS2- = 0,14425 . 7,25 . 10-17 = 1,05 . 10-17 >> Ks
Vy c kt ta HgS mu en xut hin H2S + Hg2+ -> HgS + 2H+ .
Do s kt ta ny lm tng nng ca ion H+ trong dung dch nn dung dch vn c mu vng.
Cu 4
a) Phng trnh biu din nh lut tc phn ng: v = k [CH 3-CO-CH3] [H+]
n v (th nguyn) ca hng s tc phn ng:

mol
mol
mol
C
lit.pht = k [?] x CH3COCH3 lit x CH+ lit

mol
1
lit.pht

v[ ]

= pht = lt k [ lt. mol1. pht1]

k [?] =
=
mol.pht
C[ ] C[ ]
mol mol
mol

lit lit
lit
v

b) Biu thc biu din tc phn ng qua tc tiu hao v tc to thnh cc cht.
Theo cng thc: v(p) =

1 Ci
vi t

vi : h s ca cht i trong phng trnh t lng

vi qui c: + cho cht to thnh
cho cht phn ng.

T phng trnh t lng:

CH3 CO CH3 + I2

CH3 CO CH2I + HI

1 [ CH3COCH3]
1 [ I 2]
1 [ CH3COCH2I ]
1 [ HI ]
=
=+
=+
1
1 t
1
1 t
t
t

ta c : v(p) =

c) Ba giai on ca phn ng:

CH3 C

Kcb

CH3 + H+

CH3 C

CH3

(1) Cn bng thit lp nhanh

O
CH3 C

CH3

K2

CH3

OH
C CH2
OH

CH3 C
K3

+ I2

OH
CH2

OH
CH3 C

+ H

(2) (chm), quyt nh tc

phn ng chung
(3) (nhanh)

CH2I

+ HI

Chng minh c ch ph hp vi nh lut tc phn ng :

v(p) = v(2) = CH
k2 3- C-CH3
+

cn bng (1) :

OH

CH - C-CH
3

OH

= Kcb [CH3-CO-CH3] [H+]

Thay vo v(2) : V(p) = v(2) = k2 x Kcb x [CH3-CO-CH3] [H+] = K [CH3-CO-CH3] [H +]

v(p) = K [CH3-CO-CH3] [H+]
d) Tnh nng phn ng ti thi im t bng 30 pht:
[CH3-CO-CH3] = 0,1 M - 0,15 x 0,1 M = 0,085 M
[H+] = 0,1 M + 0,15 x 0,1 M = 0,115 M
v(p) = k [CH3-CO-CH3] [H+] = +
T :
k=

[ HI ]
t

= + 3,47 x 10-5 (mol.lt-1 .pht-1)

v
lt
3,47 105mol.lt1.pht1
=
= 3,54987. 103
+
-1

1
[ CH3 CO CH3] H 0,081 mol.lt 0,081mol.lt
mol.pht