e so 1 Cau 1. 1. Nit tao ra mot so oxit.

Mot trong nhng oxit quan trong cua nit la NO 2, mot

kh hoat ong co mau nau o. a. Viet cau truc Lewis cua NO 2 va d oan hnh dang cua no bang thuyet ay oi electron hoa tr Dung thuyet ay oi electron hoa tr, d oan hnh dang cua ion NO 2-, NO2+. So sanh hnh dang cua hai ion vi hnh dang cua NO 2. b. Xet hai hp chat khac cua nit la trimetylamin va trisylylamin. Goc lien ket quan sat c tai nit trong cac hp chat nay lan lt bang 108 0 va 1200. Giai thch s khac biet goc lien ket nay. 2. Ca Nit va Bo eu co the tao triflorua. Nang lng lien ket trong BF 3 bang 646Kj.mol-1, con trong NF3 ch bang 280 Kj.mol-1. Hay giai thch s khac biet cac nang lng lien ket. 3. iem soi cua NF3 la 1290C trong khi o iem soi cua NH 3 la 330C. Ammoniac tac dung nh la mot baz Lewis trong khi NF 3 lai khong. Moment lng cc quan sat c cua NF3 la 0,24 D nho hn nhieu so vi moment lng cc cua NH 3 (1,46 D) mac du o am ien cua flo ln hn nhieu so vi hiro. Giai thch cac s khac biet o. 4. Phan ng cua dung dch NaNO 3 trong nc vi hon hong natri cung nh cua etyl nitrit vi hiroxylamin co mat natri etoxit cho cung san pham. San pham nay la muoi cua mot axit yeu khong ben cua nit. Hay xac nh axit va viet cong thc cau truc cua axit. Axit nay ong phan hoa thanh mot san pham co ng dung trong thanh phan nhien lieu ten la. Viet cong thc cau truc cua ong phan nay. Cau 2. 1. Chuan o ien the mot dung dch cha ion Sn 2+ bang Fe3+. a. Viet phng trnh phan ng chung va tnh bien thien the ang ap tieu chuan cua phan ng chung. b. Xac nh hang so can bang cua phan ng chung. Cho E0 Sn4+/Sn2+ = 0,154 V E0 Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,771 V 2. Mot trong nhng phng phap phan tch quan trong e c lng Cu 2+ la chuan o iod. Trong phan ng nay, Cu 2+ b kh thanh Cu+ bi I- va I2 tao thanh c chuan o bang dung dch natrithiosunfat tieu chuan. Phan ng oxihoa kh nh sau: 2Cu2+ + 4I- 2CuI (r) + I2(aq) (1) Tnh hang so can bang cua phan ng (1). Cho: E 0Cu2+/Cu+ = 0,153 V E0I2/2I- pKsp CuI = 12.

Cau 3. Phan ng gia 24,71g muoi clorua cua mot nguyen to phan nhom chnh (phan nhom A) vi 10,9g amoniac tao ra mot hon hp cac san pham gom 25,68g NH4Cl; 2,57g mot nguyen to the ran va 7,37g muoi nitrua ket tinh mau vang cua nguyen to o; phan ng xay ra theo phng trnh sau: nAwClx + mNH3 pNH4Cl + qA + rAyNz
(Trong o n ,m p, q,r ,w, x ,y, z la cac he so va cac ch so phai xac nh ) Mot mau Nitrua tren no manh khi ap bang bua, nhng khi polime hoa co kiem soat bang cach un nong tao thanh mot chat ran, dang si, mau o hong, co kha nang dan ien nh kim loai. a) Xac nh nguyen to A. b) Viet va can bang mot phng trnh ay u cho cac phan ng gia muoi clorua vi amoniac noi tren. Viet va can bang mot phng trnh cho qua trinh oxi hoa kh co trong phan ng tren. Cu 4 Dung dch A gm AgNO3 0,050 M v Pb(NO3)2 0,100 M. 1. Tnh pH ca dung dch A.

2. Thm 10,00 ml KI 0,250 M v HNO 3 0,200 M vo 10,00 ml dung dch A. Sau phn ng ngi ta nhng mt in cc Ag vo dung dch B va thu c v ghp thnh pin (c cu mui tip xc hai dung dch) vi mt in cc c Ag nhng vo dung dch X gm AgNO 3 0,010 M v KSCN 0,040 M. a. Vit s pin . b. Tnh sc in ng Epin ti 250C . c. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi pin hot ng. d. Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng .

 Cho bit : Ag+ + H2O Pb2+ + H2O

AgOH + H+ PbOH+ + H+

(1) ;

K1= 10

11,70

(2) ; K2= 10

7,80

Ch s tch s tan pKs : AgI l 16,0 ; PbI2 l 7,86 ; AgSCN l 12,0 .

0 EAg +

= 0 ,799 V /Ag

RT ln = 0,0592 lg F

3. Epin s thay i ra sao nu:

a. Thm mt lng nh NaOH vo dung dch B

b. Thm mt lng nh Fe(NO3)3 vo dung dch X?

Cu 4.
1. Ag+ + H2O

AgOH + H+ ;
+

K1 = 10-11,7

(1) (2)

PbOH Pb2+ + H2O

H+ ;

K2 = 10-7,8 K2 = 10-7,8 x

Do K2 >> K1 nn cn bng 2 quyt nh pH ca dung dch

Pb2+ + H2O

PbOH + H+ ; x

(2)

C [ ]

0,10 0,10 - x x = 10-4,4 = [H + ] ; pH = 4,40

x2 =10 7 ,8 0,1 x

2.a) Dung dch B: Thm KI : CAg+ = 0,025 M; CPb2+ = 0,050 CI- = 0,125M ; CH+ = 0,10M Ag+ 0,025 Pb2+ 0,05 Ag+ + IAgI Pb2+ + 2IPbI2

I-

AgI

0,125 0,10 + 2 I0,10 Ks1 = 1.10-16 (3) Ks2 = 1.10-7,86 (4)

PbI2

Trong dung dch c ng thi hai kt ta AgI v PbI2

Ks1 << Ks2, vy trong dung dch cn bng (4) l ch yu. S to phc hiroxo ca Pb2+ l khng ng k v c H+ d:
PbOH + H+ ; Pb2+ + H2O

K2 = 10-7,8

[PbOH ] = 10 [Pb ] 10
+ 2+

7 ,8 1

= 10 6,8 PbOH + << Pb 2+

] [

]
Ks2 = 1.10-7,86

Trong dung dch

Pb2+ + PbI2

2I2x

(2x)2x = 10-7,86 x = 1,51 . 10-3M 2x = [I-] = 2,302 . 10-3M

[Ag ] [ ]
+

K s1 1.10 16 = = = 3,31.10 14 M . 3 I 3,02.10

E ca cc Ag trong dung dch A:

Ag Ag+ + e

E1 = E 0 Ag +

+ 0,0592 lg Ag + = 0,799 + 0,0592 lg 3,31.10 14

Ag

E 1 = 0,001V

Dung dch X
AgSCN; 1012,0 Ag+ + SCN-

0,010 -

0,040 0,030 0,010 0,030 x (0,030 + x)

Ag+ + SCN- ; 10-12,0 AgSCN

x0,030 + x) = 10-12

[Ag ] = x = 310 x10

+

12 2

= 3,33.10 11

E 2 = 0,799 + 0,0592 lg Ag + = 0,799 + 0,0592 lg 3,33.10 11 E 2 = 0,179V

V E2 > E1 , ta c pin gm cc Ag trong X l cc + , cc Ag trong B l cc S pin:

Ag AgI PbI2 AgSCN SCN - 0,03M Ag

b)
I+ +

Epin = 0,179 0,001 = 0,178V

c) Phng trnh phn ng

Ag + AgI e I=

+ Ag AgI + +

e SNC SNC -

AgSCN AgSCN

d) 3.

K=

K s ( AgSCN ) K s ( AgI)

10 12 = 10 4 16 10

a) Thm NaOH vo dung dch B:

PbI2 + 4OH PbO2 + 2 H2O + 2I-

Nng I - s tng ln, do nng Ag+ gim xung, E1 cng gim ;vy Epin tng

b) Thm t Fe3+ vo dung dch X: Fe3+ + SCN

FeSCN2+

Nng ion SCN - gim, do nng ion Ag+ tng, E2 tng; vy: Epin tng