Bi 1.

Xc nh cht lng bt m trong sn xut bnh m

Protein la m gm albumin, globulin, gliadin v glutenin, trong ch yu l gliadin v glutenin. Hai protein ny chim khong 75% ton lng protein ca la m. Hai protein ny khng ha tan trong nc m khi nho vi nc th trng ln to thnh mt khi do n hi gi l gluten. Chnh nh c gluten m bt m c tnh cht nh to ra n, bng xp, dai, gin ca cc sn phm nh bnh m, bnh ngt, m n lin... v v th tr thnh thnh phn nguyn liu chnh quyt nh n tnh cht ca cc loi sn phm trong ngnh cng nghip ny. Loi la m khc nhau th lng gluten khc nhau. i vi la m bnh thng th lng gluten t chim khong 25- 40% khi lng bt m. Gluten mu sng xm, n hi, gin t cao. Thnh phn ha hc ca gluten ph thuc loi ging v cht lng la m. Trung bnh trong gluten sy kh cha khong 85% protein, 23 % cht bo, 2% cht khong, cn li khong 1012% cc cht gluxit. nh gi cht lng gluten ngi ta dng cc ch s sau: - Mu sc: Gluten tt c mu sng hoc hi vng, gluten xu th mu xm. - Kh nng ht nc ca gluten: Nu kh nng ht nc ca gluten cao th l gluten tt v vy sau khi xc nh gluten ti phi xc nh lng glut en kh. Bnh thng gluten ti cha 65 - 75% nc. - n hi: L tnh cht rt quan trng ca gluten. N th hin kh nng gi kh ca bt. - cng t: Cng c trng cho kh nng gi kh ca bt. - S thay i th tch gluten khi nng: L ch s quan trng c trng n ca gluten.

 nh gi cht lng protein ca la m khng nhng ch ti hm lng v cht lng gluten m v mt dinh dng cn phi ch ti thnh phn aminoaxit ca protein na. 1. a) Phng php xc nh mi Mc ch

Xc nh chnh xc mi c trng ca bt m qua phng php nh gi cm quan. b) Dng c - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. - T giy trng sch - Cc thy tinh c) Tin hnh - Cn 20g bt m - bt ra t giy sch ri ngi mi - tng cm gic mi ca bt, mu vo cc thy tinh kh sch, thm nc nng (50-600C) ngoy u v ngi. 2. Phng php xc nh m ca bt m a) Khi nim: m ca bt m l s gam nc c trong 100g bt m. b) Nguyn tc: Theo phng php sy n trng lng khng i. Mu c sy kh trong t sy t tiu chun. m c tnh t khi lng ca bt m mt i trong qu trnh sy. c) Dng c - T sy iu chnh c nhit n 2200C - Chn sy (hoc hp nhm c np). - Tha ly mu - Bnh ht m - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. Phng php bnh thng:

Nng nhit t sy ln khong 100-1100C. Cn 5g bt m cho vo chn sy. M np chn sy v t vo t sy v gi nhit 1050C (thi gian t nhit 1050C k t khi cho mu sy vo t khng qu 10 pht). Tin hnh sy mu trong 60 pht. Sau ly chn sy ra, y np , lm ngui trong bnh ht m v em cn. Lp li qu trnh sy trn mt vi ln, mi ln 30 pht cho n khi khi lng khng i. d) Tin hnh th - Bt t sy iu chnh nhit cn thit. - nh s cho cc chn sy - Cn chn sy - Cn 5g bt m cho vo chen sy - Cho chn sy vo t sy sy kh - Lm ngui chn trong bnh ht m ri em cn , ghi kt qu theo th t s ghi trn chn sy e) Kt qu m (W,%)ca bt m c tnh theo cng thc sau: W=
m1 m 2 100% m

Trong : m khi lng bt m (g) m1 Khi lng ca hp sy v bt m trc khi sy (g) m2- Khi lng ca hp v bt sau khi sy (g) 3. Phng php xc nh hm lng gluten t. a) Nguyn tc: Xc nh hm lng gluten t trong bt m bng phng php thong thng. Phng php ny p dung cho tt c cc loi bt m v phn loi bt m. b) Dng c - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. r; - Bt nhm hoc s - Ry vi hoc nylon c kch thc < 0,56mm. - Chn s 50ml - Cc thy tinh - Tm knh thy tinh

- Thau nha - Tm nha - Khn vi mn c) Tin hnh th Cn hai mu bt, mi mu 25g, ln lt tin hnh th nghim tng mu. Cho bt m vo bt quy bt, rt 13ml nc nhit 200C quy u thnh mt khi ng nht. V khi bt thnh hnh cu. Cho khi bt vo chn v y chn bng tm knh. yn trong 20 pht nhit phng. Sau ra gluten bng mt trong hai cch sau: + Ra trong chu; - 1-2 lt nc vo trong chu c cha khi bt va ngm va tch tinh bt. - Tin hnh ra lin tc, trnh lm mt gluten theo tinh bt trong qu trnh ra. - Thay 3-4 ln ty theo mc tinh bt c trong nc ra. - Phi nc ra tinh bt qua ry gi li gluten vn. - Sau v khi gluten v dng tay bp khi gluten, nc t khi gluten c nh vo cc thy tinh ng nc ct. Nu nc trong cc trong th vic ra gluten kt thc. + Ra di tia nc nh trn ry: - Cho khi bt v thnh hnh cu vo long bn tay tri. - t mt ci ry bn di vi nc my. - Nm cc ngn tay li v a vo vi nc my. ng thi iu chnh dng nc chy nh. Tip tc ra cho n khi gluten tr thnh mt khi dnh n hi th tng tc dng nc ln cho n khi gluten ht sch tinh bt. kim tra khi gluten sach tinh bt bng cch dng tay bp khi gluten, nc t khi gluten c nh vo cc thy tinh ng nc ct. Nu nc trong cc trong th vic ra gluten kt thc. + Sau dung khn x thm gluten n kh. + Cn gluten p kh chnh xc n 0,01g d) Kt qu

- Hm lng gluten t(X, %) c tnh theo cng thc sau: X = (100.Mk)/25 Mk Khi lng gluten p kh (g) - Kt qu l kt qu trung bnh cng ca hai kt qu lm th nghim tnh chnh xc n 0,1%. - Chnh lch gia hai kt qu xc nh khng c qu 0,3%. - Nu kt qu xc nh qu 0,3% th phi tin hnh th nghim li. 3.1. Xc nh hm lng gluten kh v kh nng ht nc ca gluten. a) Nguyn tc: Hm lng gluten c sy kh theo phng php sy n khi lng khng i. b) Dng c - T sy iu chnh c nhit n 2200C - Chn sy (hoc hp nhm c np). - Tha ly mu - Bnh ht m - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. Phng php bnh thng: Nng nhit t sy ln khong 100-1100C. Cho gluten t vo chn sy. M np chn sy v t vo t sy v gi nhit 1050C (thi gian t nhit 1050C k t khi cho mu sy vo t khng qu 10 pht). Tin hnh sy mu trong 60 pht. Sau ly chn sy ra, y np , lm ngui trong bnh ht m v em cn. Lp li qu trnh sy trn mt vi ln, mi ln 30 pht cho n khi khi lng khng i. f) Tin hnh th - Bt t sy iu chnh nhit cn thit. - nh s cho cc chn sy - Cn chn sy - Cho chn sy cng gluten t vo t sy sy kh - Lm ngui chn trong bnh ht m ri em cn , ghi kt qu theo th t s ghi trn chn sy g) Hm lng gluten kh (X1, %) c tnh theo cng thc sau:

X 1=

m1 m 2 100% m

Trong : m khi lng gluten t (g) m1 Khi lng ca hp sy v gluten t trc khi sy (g) m2- Khi lng ca hp v gluten khi sy (g) h) Kh nng ht nc ca gluten (X2)c tnh theo cng thc sau; X2 =
m1 m 2 100% m1

m1 Khi lng ca gluten t (g) m2- Khi lng ca gluten sau khi sy (g) 3.2 . Xc nh cht lng gluten t Nguyn tc: Thng qua mu sc, tnh cht ca gluten t c th phn loi cc hng bt m. C cc ch tiu nh cht lng gluten t nh sau: a) Mu sc: Mu sc ca gluten c xc nh theo nhng mc sau: - Bt thng hng hoc bt cao cp c mu gluten t trng ng ng nht. - Bt hng I c mu gluten t vng ng. - Bt xu c mu gluten t vng ti hoc sm. b) Xc nh co dn. Cn 4g gluten t. V khi gluten thnh hnh cu. Ngm trong cc nc nhit 16-200C trong 15 pht. Dng tay ko di khi gluten trn thc chia mm cho n khi t, Tnh chiu di khi gluten t lc t. Thi gian ko l 10 giy, khi keo khng xon si gluten. cng c tnh nh sau: - cng ngn nh hn 10 cm (bt hng II) - cng trung bnh 10 20 cm (bt hng I) - cng ngn di hn 20 cm (bt cao cp) c) Xc nh n hi ca gluten.

Dng khi gluten cn li xc nh n hi. Dng hai tay ko di trn thc mm khong 2 cm ri bung tay ra. Theo mc v vn tc phc hi v hnh dng ban u ca khi gluten c th chia lm 3 mc sau: - n hi tt : gluten c kh nng tr li hnh dng ban u sau khi ko hay nn (bt cao cp). - Gluten c khng tr v hnh dng ban u sau khi ko hay nn (bt hng I). - Gluten c kh nng tr li hnh dng ban u sau khi ko hay nn v t sau khi ko (bt hng II). 4. Xc nh axit ca bt m. a) Khi nim: axit ca bt m l th tch NaOH 0,1N s Dng c v ha cht.

dng trung ha lng axit c trong 100g bt m. b) - Bnh nh mc 100ml: 2 ci - Buret - Pipet - Cc thy tinh - Ci nghin - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. - Bnh tia ng nc ct - Dung dch NaOH 0,1N - Thuc th phenolphthalein (dung dch 1% trong cn 600C) - ng ong 100ml c) Cch tin hnh Ra bnh nh mc ,buret, cc thy tinh, ci nghin, pipet Lp buret vo gi v cho dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo Cn chnh xc 5 g bt, tin hnh hai mu ly kt qu Cho mu vo ci nghin

bng nc sch, sau trng li bng nc ct hai ln. buret. trung bnh. -

ong 50ml nc ct Sau cho khong 10ml nc ct vo bt dng ci nghin Cho ton b dung dch sau khi nghin vo bnh nh mc lc Cho 3 git phenolphthalein 1% . Chun bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N cho n khi dung dch Lp li th nghim trn vi mu bt cn li. Kt qu

bt thnh mt khi ng nht, trong qu cho t t s nc ct cn li. u. -

c mu hng nht bn (khng mt mu sau mt pht), ghi kt qu. d) thc sau: X3 = 2V (0N) - Kt qu l kt qu trung bnh cng ca hai kt qu lm th nghim tnh chnh xc n 0,10N. - Chnh lch gia hai kt qu xc nh khng c qu 0,30N. Nu kt qu xc nh qu 0,30N th phi tin hnh th nghim li. 5. Xc nh axit ca bt nho trong qu trnh ln men. a) Mc ch: Da vo s thay i axit ca bt nho c th nh gi ln men ca bt nho. Nu axit gia hai ln chun cao th qu trnh ln men mnh v ngc li. Sau 30 pht ln men ly 5g bt nho tin hnh tng t nh cc bc xc nh axit ca bt m. Bi 2. Xc nh cht lng bnh m Bnh m thng chia lm hai loi sau: -Bnh m trng : lm t la mch vng v bt m thng thng -Bnh m en : lm t bt ca la mch en . Trong bi thc tp di y ch cp n nh gi cht lng bnh m trng thng qua mt s ch tiu sau: 1. Xc nh axit ca bnh m

axit ca bt m (X3, 0N Nyman) c tnh theo cng

a) Nguyn tc: axit ca bt m l th tch NaOH 0,1N s dng trung ha lng axit c trong 100g bnh m. a) Dng c v ha cht. - Bnh nh mc 100ml: 2 ci - Buret - Pipet - Cc thy tinh - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. - Bnh tia ng nc ct - Dung dch NaOH 0,1N - Thuc th phenolphthalein (dung dch 1% trong cn 600C) - ng ong 100ml b) Cch tin hnh Ra bnh nh mc ,buret, cc thy tinh, ci nghin, pipet Lp buret vo gi v cho dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo Cn chnh xc 5 g rut bnh, tin hnh hai mu ly kt Cho mu vo cc thy tinh. ong 50ml nc ct Sau cho khong 50ml nc ct vo cc thy tinh ngm Cho ton b dung dch sau khi nghin vo bnh nh mc lc Cho 3 git phenolphthalein 1% . Chun bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N cho n khi dung dch Lp li th nghim trn vi mu bt cn li. Kt qu

bng nc sch, sau trng li bng nc ct hai ln. buret. qu trung bnh. -

trong 20-30 pht. u. -

c mu hng nht bn (khng mt mu sau mt pht), ghi kt qu. c) thc sau:

axit ca bnh m (X1, 0N Nyman) c tnh theo cng

X1 = 2V (0N) - Kt qu l kt qu trung bnh cng ca hai kt qu lm th nghim tnh chnh xc n 0,10N. - Chnh lch gia hai kt qu xc nh khng c qu 0,30N. Nu kt qu xc nh qu 0,30N th phi tin hnh th nghim li. 2. Phng php xc nh m ca bnh m a) Nguyn tc: xc dnh c m ca bnh m ly rut bnh m lm mu th nghim. Rut bnh c sy kh theo phng php sy n khi lng khng i. m ca bnh m l s gam nc c trong 100g bnh m. b) Dng c - T sy iu chnh c nhit n 2200C - Chn sy (hoc hp nhm c np). - Tha ly mu - Bnh ht m - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g. Phng php bnh thng: Nng nhit t sy ln khong 100-1100C. Cn 5g rut bnh x nh cho vo chn sy. M np chn sy v t vo t sy v gi nhit 1050C (thi gian t nhit 1050C k t khi cho mu sy vo t khng qu 10 pht). Tin hnh sy mu trong 60 pht. Sau ly chn sy ra, y np , lm ngui trong bnh ht m v em cn. Lp li qu trnh sy trn mt vi ln, mi ln 30 pht cho n khi khi lng khng i. c) Tin hnh th - Bt t sy iu chnh nhit cn thit. - nh s cho cc chn sy - Cn chn sy - Cn 5g rut bnh cho vo chen sy - Cho chn sy vo t sy sy kh - Lm ngui chn trong bnh ht m ri em cn , ghi kt qu theo th t s ghi trn chn sy d) Tnh ton

 m (W,%)ca bt m c tnh theo cng thc sau: W=

m1 m 2 100% m

Trong : m khi lng rut bnh m (g) m1 Khi lng ca hp sy v rut bnh m trc khi sy (g) m2- Khi lng ca hp v rut bnh m sau khi sy (g) 3. Phng php o th tch bnh m ( V1, cm3) a) Nguyn tc: Th tch ca bnh m thnh phm ln hn th tch ca cc bt nho khi a vo bung nng t 10-30%. Xc nh th tch bnh m bng phng php o trong ng hnh tr v s dng ht k. b) Dng c - Hai ng hnh tr - Ht k - ng ong - Thc k c) Cch tin hnh S dng ht k xc nh th tch ca bnh. ong y ht k vo ng hnh tr. Dng thc gt ht phn ht k trn ming ng hnh tr. Sau mt na s ht k, cho bnh vo gia na lng k va ra vo. Gt bng ming ng ong, lng k gt ra chnh l th tch ca bnh. o th tch bnh m dng ng hnh tr ong th tch s k gt ra. d) Kt qu Th tnh ca bnh bng s th tch ht k gt ra khi cho bnh vo hnh tr. 4. Xc nh xp ca rut bnh a) Nguyn tc: Dng ng hnh tr xc nh xp ca bnh. xp c o theo phng php ca Zuraleva b) Dng c - Mt ng hnh tr - Mt khi g hnh tr c ng knh bng ng hnh tr - Thc o - Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01g.

c) Cch tin hnh Ct ra mt khc 7-8 cm gia bnh. T rut bnh, ni m xp r nht cch lp v ti thiu 1 cm. S dng mt tr rng ct phn rut bnh m. Sau khi thu c phn rut bnh m trong ng tr, tin hnh o chiu di khc bnh v cn nng khc bnh. d) Kt qu Th tch rut bnh m theo cng thc: V = 3.14 * d2 H/4 d: ng knh hnh tr H: chiu di khc rut bnh thu c xp ca bnh m c tnh theo cng thc sau: X= (V- M/)V* 100% Trong : V: Th tch ton b cc on rut bnh hnh tr ly c M: Khi lng ton b cc on rut bnh hnh tr ly c Khi lng ring ca nguyn liu lm bnh: + Bt m cao cp: = 1.31 gr/cm3 + Bt m hng hai: = 1.26 gr/cm3 + Bt i mch: =1.21 gr/cm3 5. Xc nh s st khi lng ca bnh m a) Nguyn tc: So vi bt m sau khi nho nn, bnh m sau khi nng lun nh hn. S st gim l phn trm chnh lch gia bnh v bt trc khi nng so vi khi lng bt trc khi nng. Trong qu trnh nng cc loi bnh khc nhau th s gim khi lng cng khc nhau, thng vo khong 6-12%. b) Tin hnh - Cn khi lng cc bt nho trc khi nng - Cn khi lng cc bt nho sau khi nng c) Kt qu S st gim khi lng ca bnh c tnh theo cng thc sau: Mcl = (Mt-Mb)/Mt * 100% Mt khi lng bt trc khi nng. Mb khi lng bnh sau khi nng.

Bi 3. Phng php nho bt trong sn xut bnh m Bt nho bnh m c ch bin bng cc phng php khc nhau, la chn phng php nho bt ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh hnh dng bnh, cht lng bt m v trang thit b cng ngh nng bnh. nho bt m ngi ta s dng cc phng php khc nhau nh: phng php khng dng bt u, dng bt u, rt gn v nho vi cng mnh. Trong bi thc hnh di y ch cp n 2 phng php: khng dung bt u v dng bt u. Thc n bnh m cho c 2 phng php Nguyn liu Khi lng, g Bt m 1000 Men 16 B nht 60 Mui 10 ng 25 Nc 572 Kt qu nh gi cht lng bnh m da theo bi thc hnh s 2. Di y s trnh by cc s sn xut bnh m theo hai phng php: dng bt u v khng dng bt u.

Phng php dng bt u

Nguyn liu

Phng php khng dng bt u

Nguyn liu

Ry v nho bt u: 50% bt m, 100% ng, 100% men v 70% nc Ln men bt u: t= 180-210 pht,
T= 30-320C

Nho bt u

Ln men bt nho: 90-180 pht, T= 30-320C Chia v v bt nho To hnh

Nho bt bt: bt u, 50% bt m, 30% nc v mui Ln men bt bt: 90 pht Chia, v bt nho

Ln men kt thc: = 95-100%, T= 32-340C, t= 25-60 pht

To hnh

Nng

Ln v to hnh

Lm ngui

Ln men kt thc: = 95-100%, T= 32-340C, t= 60 pht Nng

Thnh phm

Lm ngui

Thnh phm

Cng thc lm bnh gato

1. Nguyn liu 1. Bt bnh -Trng g: 5 qu - ng; 100g - Vani: 3g - B chy: 20g - Bt m: 70g - Bt ng: 50g - Bt Tartar: 5g - Bt n: 5g - Nc cam: 20g - Giy nng - To 1 qu 2. Kem ti: - Topping trng 2. Quy trnh ch bin a) Bt bnh - Tch lng , lng trng trng ring. - Lng trng trng nh bng, sau cho t t ng ht nh bng. Cui cng cho bt tartar nh them khong 2-5 pht. - Ry bt m v bt ng. Sau trn u bt m, bt ng v bt n. - Trn t t long trng, bt ng, bt m, bt n v b nng chy n khi thu c mt hn hp ng nht. - Cho bt vo khun lt giy, nng 1700C trong thi gian 20-30 pht(khng c m l). - Bt ngui pht kem trang tr.

Thc n lm bnh bao v bnh m

1. V bnh Nguyn liu Bt m Men B mn Khi lng, g 1000 16 20

ng Nc 2. Nhn bnh - Tht nc:400g - Nm hng: 100g - Mc nh: 100g - Min: 200g - Hnh c: 100g - Hnh ti: 100g - Bt canh; - Du n: - Chim ct: 50 qu

100 564ml

Yu cu:
-Thc n trn cho mi nhm thc hnh. - Mi nhm chia lm hai nhm nh: - Bnh m+ bnh bao nhm 1 lm trc - Bnh gato nhm 2 lm trc Trong qu trnh i thi gian ln men kt thc mi nhm t nh gi cht lng bt m v bnh m. Cc nhm t phn chia cng vic r rng. Gi bt u thc hnh: theo lch phn cng ca phng o to. Em no chm 15 pht khng c vo thc hnh.