CHNG 1: S IN LI. Bi 1.

H2O , SO2 , Br2 , H2CO3 ,C2H6 , Ca(HCO3)2 , H2SO4 , NaClO , Mg(OH)2 , CuSO4 , C6H6 , C2H5OH , CH3COOH , C6H12O6 , CaO , CH3COONa . Nhng cht no l cht in li. Bi 2. Cho cc cht : HCl, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4, H2CO3, H2S, CH3COOH, HClO, HF, H2SO3, HNO2, HI, NaOH, Bi(OH)3, KOH, Sr(OH)2, RbOH, Ba(OH)2, NaCl, Na3PO4, NaHCO3, CaCl2, KHSO4, KClO3, CuSO4, Mg(OH)2, CH3COONa . a) Cht no l cht in li mnh ? Vit phng trnh in li. b) Cht no l cht in li yu ? Vit phng trnh in Vieet Bi 3. Vit phng trnh in li trong nc: a) Cc hiroxit lng tnh : Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 , Pb(OH)2 , Sn(OH)2 , Cr(OH)3 , Cu(OH)2. b) Cc mui : NaCl.KCl , K 2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O , KCl.MgCl2.6H2O , NaHCO3 , Na2HPO4 , NaH2PO3, Na2HPO3 , NaH2PO2 , [Ag(NH3)2]Cl , [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 , [Zn(NH3)4](NO3)2 . Bi 4. Trong s cc mui sau, mui no l mui axit ? mui no l mui trung ho ? (NH4)2SO4 , K2SO4 , NaHCO3 , CH3COONa , Na2HPO4 , NaHSO4 , Na2HPO3 , Na3PO4 ,NaHS, NaClO. Bi 5. C bn dung dch : Kali clorua, ru etylic, axit axetic, kali sunfat, u c nng 0,01 mol/l. Hy so snh kh nng dn in ca cc dung dch . Gii thch ngn gn. Bi 6. Cho mt dung dch axit axetic CH3COOH ( cht in li yu). Nu ho tan vo dung dch mt t tinh th natri axetat CH3COONa ( cht in li mnh) , th nng ion H+ c thay i khng ? nu c th thay i nh th no ? Gii thch. Bi 7. Cho mt dung dch amonic, nu ha tan vo dung dch ny mt t tinh th amoni clorua NH4Cl (cht in li mnh) th nng OH- c thay i khng ? Nu c th thay i nh th no? Gii thch. Bi 8. Vit biu thc hng s phn li axit Ka hoc hng s phn li baz Kb cho cc trng hp sau : 2NH + 4 , NO 2 , HClO , CH3COO , S , H2CO3 . Bi 9. Vit cng thc ca cc cht m khi in li to ra cc ion sau : a) K+ v PO 3 b) Al3+ v NO 3 c) Fe3+ v SO 2 d) K+ v MnO 2 4 4 4
e) Na+ v CrO 2 4 f) Cu2+ v SO 2 4

g) Rb+ v Cl-

h) CH3COO- v Na+.

Bi 10. Trong mt dung dch cha ng thi cc ion : Na+ , Al3+ , Cu2+, Cl- , SO 2 4 , NO 3 . Khi c cn dung dch ta c th thu c ti a my mui ? Vit cng thc phn t ca cc mui . Bi 11. C 3 ng nghim, mi ng nghim cha 2 cation v 2 anion (khng trng lp gia cc ng nghim) trong s cc cation v 2 2 3 + + 2+ 2+ 3+ anion sau : NH + . Hy xc nh cc cation v anion sau 4 , Na , Ag , Ba , Mg , Al v Cl , Br , NO 3 , SO 4 , PO 4 , CO 3 trong tng ng nghim. Bi 12. C th pha ch dung dch ng thi cha cc ion sau khng ? V sao? a) Na+, Ag+, Clb) Ba2+, K+, SO 2 c) Mg2+, H+, SO 2 4 4 , NO 3 d) Mg2+, Na+, SO 2 4 , CO 3
+ 2+ g) Br-, NH + 4 , Ag , Ca

e) H+, Na+, NO 3 , CO 3 h) OH-, HCO 3 , Na+, Ba2+

f) H+, NO 3 , OH-, Ba2+. i) HCO 3 , H+, K+, Ca2+.

Bi 13. Trong mt dung dch c cha cc ion : Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO 3 , Cl-. Hy nu v gii thch: - Trong dung dch c th c nhng mui no ? - Khi c cn dung dch c th thu c nhng mui no ? - Khi nung hn hp cht rn sau khi c cn c th thu c nhng cht g ? Bi 14. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO 3 v d mol Cl- . Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. Bi 15. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol SO 2 4 . a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch. Bi 16. Mt dung dch c cha 2 loi cation Fe2+(0,1 mol) v Al3+(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl-(x mol) v SO 2 4 (y mol) . Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht kt ta. Bi 17. C hai dung dch , dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion sau : 2 2 + K+(0,15 mol) ; Mg2+(0,1 mol) ; NH + 4 (0,25 mol) ; H (0,2 mol) ; Cl (0,1 mol); SO 4 (0.075 mol) ; NO 3 (0,25 mol) ; CO 3 (0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v dung dch B. 2 + Bi 18. Dung dch A cha a mol K+ , b mol NH + 4 , c mol HCO 3 , d mol SO 4 (khng k ion H v OH ca nc). Cho thm (c+d+e) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch A thu c dung dch X , kh Y vag kt ta Z. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. Tm biu thc lin h a, b, c, d, e trong dung dch A v dung dch X. Bi 19. Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3 . a) Khi thm (a+b) mol BaCl2 hoc (a +b) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch trn th khi lng kt ta thu c trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ? Gii thch . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. b) Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol.

2 Bi 20. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na +, NH + . Bit rng : 4 , SO 4 , CO 3 - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ddktc). 2 2 Bi 21. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH + . 4 , SO 4 , CO 3 a) Dung dch A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ? b) Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau : - Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4 ml kh Y 13,5oC v 1 atm. - Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5 oC v 1 atm. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A. Bi 22. Mt dung dch cha x mol Cu2+, y mol K+; 0,03 mol Cl- v 0,02 mol SO 2 4 . Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y. Bi 23. a) Mt dung dch A cha 0,03 mol Ca2+; 0,06 mol Al3+; 0,06 mol NO 3 ; 0.09 mol SO 2 4 . Mui c trong dung dch ny th phi ho tan hai mui no vo nc ? Gii thch. b) Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau: [Na+] = 0,05 ; [Ca2+] = 0,01 ; [NO 3 ] = 0,01 ; [Cl-] = 0,04 ; [HCO 3 ] = 0,025. Kt qu trn ng hay sai ? V sao. Bi 24. Trong 1 ml dung dch axit nitr nht nht nh c 5,64.1019 phn t HNO2 ; c 3,60.1018 ion NO 3 . a) Tnh in li ca axit nitr trong dung dch nhit . b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ni trn. Bi 25. Trong 500 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,01 M, = 4% c bao nhiu ht vi m ( phn t , ion). Khng tnh nc. Bi 26. Dung dch axit axetic 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1 g/ml. in li ca axit axetic trong iu kin ny l 1,0% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch ( b qua s in li ca nc). Bi 27. Tnh in li ca axit fomic HCOOH, nu dung dch 0,46% (d = 1,0g/ml) ca axit fomic c pH = 3. Bi 28. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1% . Vit phng trnh in li CH3COOH v xc nh pH ca dung dch ny. 2 + 2+ Bi 29. Theo nh ngha axit baz ca Bron-stt cc ion : Na+, NH + 4 , CO 3 , CH3COO , HCO 3 , HSO 4 , K , Cl , Cu , SO

l axit , baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao? Trn c s , hy d on cc dung dch ca tng cht cho di y c pH ln hn , nh hn, hay bng 7. Na 2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, Na2SO4, CuSO4, NH4Cl, NH4HSO4. Bi 30. Mt dung dch c cha 3 gam axit CH3COOH trong 250 ml dung dch. Cho bit in li ca axit CH3COOH l = 0,01. a) Tnh nng mol/l ca phn t v ion c trong dung dch axit . b) Tnh pH ca dung dch axit trn. Bi 31. Dung dch A c cha ng thi hai mui natri clorua (0,3mol/l) v kali photphat (0,1mol/l). a) C th pha ch dung dch A bng cch ho tan vo nc hai mui kali clorua v natri photphat c khng ? b) Nu c th c, pha ch 2 lt dung dch A cn bao nhiu mol kali clorua v bao nhiu mol natri photphat ? Bi 32. Dung dch A c cha ng thi ba mui : Na2SO4 0,05M ; KCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M. a) C th pha ch dung dch A c hay khng nu ch ho tan vo nc hai mui sau y ? * NaCl v K2SO4 * KCl v Na2SO4. b) Nu c th c, chun b 200 ml dung dch A cn ho tan vo nc bao nhiu gam mi mui? Bi 33. imetyl amin (CH3)2NH l mt baz mnh hn amonic . imetyl amin trong nc c phn ng thu phn sau: (CH 3)2NH + H2 O (CH3)2NH 2 + OHa) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz Kb ca imetyl amin. b) Nu thm mt t mui khan (CH3)2NH2Cl vo dunh dch trn th nng OH- thay i nh th no ? V sao ? c) Tnh pH ca dung dch imetyl amin 1,5M . Bit rng Kb = 5,9.10-4. Bi 34. a) Dung dch axit fomic HCOOH c pH = 3,0 . Tnh in li ca axit fomic. b) Tnh nng H+ v ion axetat CH3COO- trong dung dch axit CH3COOH 0,1M, bit in li ca dung dch bng 1,3% Bi 35. a) Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M (Bit Ka = 1,75.10-5) b) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dung dch NH4Cl 0,1M. Bit Kb ca NH3 bng 1,8.10-5. c) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dung dch NH3 0,01M ( Bit Kb = 1,8.10-5 ). d) Tnh nng mol/l ion H+ ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M ( Bit Kb ca CH3COO- l 5,71.10-10). Bi 36. So snh pH ca cc dung dch sau c cng nng v iu kin . Gii thch . a) Cc dung dch : HCl ; H2SO4 ; CH3COOH . b) Cc dung dch : NaOH ; Ba(OH)2 ; dung dch NH3 . Bi 37. Cho dung dch H2S 0,1M . Bit axit ny c th phn li 2 nc : H2S H+ + HS- ; Ka1 = 1,0.10-7
+

2 4

HSH+ + S2- ; Ka2 = 1,3.10-13 a) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H+ v pH ca dung dch . b) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion HS- v S2- trong dung dch . Bi 38. Trong hai dung dch cc th d sau y, dung dch no c pH ln hn ? a) Dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 1,0.10-4 v dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 4,0.10-5. b) Dung dch HCl 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,01M. c) Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,1M. d) Dung dch HCl 0,01M v dung dch H2SO4 0,01M. Gii thch vn tt cho mi trng hp. Bi 39. Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3,0. a) Tnh in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch . b) Nu ho tan thm 0,001 mol HCl vo 1 lit dung dch th in li ca axit fomic tng hay gim ? Gii thch. Bi 40. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: a) Dung dch HCl 0,001M. b) Dung dch H2SO4 0,0001M . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. c) Dung dch NaOH 0.01M . d) Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,0001M . Coi Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton. -10 Bi 41. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho 100 ml H2SO4 0,1M vo 400 ml dung dch NH3 0,05M . Coi Ka(NH + . 4 ) = 5,6.10 Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 42. Thm 100 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,05M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c . Cho Kb(CH3COO-) = 5,71.10-10 . Bi 43.a) Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 2 lit dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh m(g) . b) Ho tan a gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lit dung dch X c pH = 12 . Tnh a (g). c) Dn V(lit) HCl (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 2 lt dung dch Y c pH = 1. Xc nh V (lit). d) Dn V(l) SO3 (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 5 lt dung dch C c pH = 2 . Tnh V(l) . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 44. Tnh pH ca dung dch gm NH4Cl 0,2M v NH3 0,1M . Bit rng hng s phn li axit ca NH 4 l KNH 4 = 5,0.10-10 . Bi 45. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ion rt gn di y v vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng tng ng di y. a) Cr3+ + Cr(OH)3 b) Pb2+ + PbS c) Ag+ + AgCl d) Ca2+ + Ca3(PO4)2 2e) S + H2S f) CH3COO- + CH3COOH g) H+ + H2O h) OH- + AlO 2 +
2

i) H+ + Al3+ + . k) OH- + CO 3 + Bi 46. Vit phng trnh trao i ion cc dung dch sau y (dng phn t v ion rt gn) : a) CaCl2 v AgNO3 b) Pb(NO3)2 v Al2(SO4)3 c) FeSO4 v NaOH d) NaNO3 v CuSO4 e) Fe2(SO4)3 v NaOH f) CH3COOH v HCl g) (NH4)2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 h) NH4Cl v Ba(OH)2 i) Ba(NO3)2 v CuSO4 j) KCl v Na2SO4 k) Pb(OH)2 (r) v HCl l) Pb(OH)2 (r) v NaOH. Bi 47. Hy dn ra phn ng gia dung dch cc cht in li to ra : a) Hai cht kt ta . b) Mt cht kt ta v mt cht kh . c) Mt cht kt ta , mt cht kh v mt cht in li yu . d) Mt cht kh , mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh . e) Mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh . Bi 48. Cho cc mui : NH4Cl, K2SO4, Ba(NO3)2, CH3COOONa , Na2CO3, KHSO3 , Na2HPO4 , CuSO4 , NaCl , Al2(SO4)3 , (CH3COO)2Pb , (NH4)2CO3 . Mui no trong s mui trn b thu phn kh ho tan vo nc . Vit phng trnh minh ho . Bi 49.a) Cho cc dung dch NaCl, Na2CO3, C6H5OH, NH4Cl c mi trng axit , kim hay trung tnh ? Gii thch . b) Cho qu tm vo cc dung dch sau y : NH4Cl , CH3COOK , Ba(NO3)2 , Na2CO3 . Qu tm i mu g ? Gii thch . c) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dung dch NaOH v Na2CO3 c khng ? Ti sao ? d) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dung dch HCl v dung dch NH4Cl c khng ? Ti sao ? e) V sao NH3 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit ? V sao Zn(OH)2 khng tn ti trong mi trng axit cng nh trong mi trng kim ? Bi 50. Hy ghi ng s thay i mu ca qu , qu xanh, qu tm khi nhng ln lt chng vo tng dung dch sau : KCl FeCl3 NaNO3 K2 S Zn(NO3)2 Na2CO3

Bi 51. C bn bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt trong cc dung dch sau : Na2SO4, Na2CO3 , BaCl2, KNO3 vi nng khong 0,1M . Ch dng thm qu tm, hy nu cch phn bit cc dung dch trn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho . Bi 52 y ng ring bit trong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 , BaCl2 , NaOH , Na2CO3 .

Bi 53. C 3 l ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch NaCl , Na2CO3 v HCl . Khng c dng thm bt k ho cht no (k c qu tm), lm th no nhn ra cc dung dch ny. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra di dng phn t v ion . Bi 54. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dung dch sau : Na2CO3 , Na2SO3 , Na2SO4, Na2SiO3 v Na2S. Bi 55. Hy phn bit cc cht bt sau : NaCl , Na2CO3 , Na2SO4 , BaCO3 , BaSO4 ( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v nc). Bi 56. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dung dch sau y : K2CO3 v Na2SO4 ; KHCO3 v Na2CO3 ; KHCO3 v Na2SO4 ; Na2SO4 v K2SO4 . Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch dng thm dung dch NaCl v dung dch Ba(NO3)2 . Bi 57. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau : Ba(OH)2 , H2SO4 , FeCL3 , FeCl2 , AlCl3 , CuCl2 , NaCl , Na2CO3 , NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 . (Ch dng thm qu tm) Bi 58. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 59. Tr 300 ml dung dch c cha NaOH 0,1mol/l v Ba(OH)2 0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 nng x mol/l, thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 2 . Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)2 v H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 60. Thm t t 400 ml dung dch H2SO4 49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung dch A . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. a) Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch A . b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dung dch A thu c * dung dch c pH = 1 ; * dung dch c pH = 13. Bi 61. X l dung dch H2SO4 0,02M, Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035M . Khi trn ln dung dch X vi dung dch Y ta thu c dung dch Z c th tch bng tng th tch hai dung dch mang trn v c pH = 2. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Hy tnh t l th tch gia dung dch X v dung dch Y . Bi 62. Cho 40 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,375M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 0,16M v KOH 0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 63. Trn 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M ; HNO3 0,2M ; HCl 0,3M vi th tch bng nhau thu c dung dch A . Ly 300 ml dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M . Tnh th tch dung dch B cn dng sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch c pH = 1. Coi Ba(OH)2 v H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 64. A l dung dch H2SO4, B l dung dch NaOH . Tin hnh cc th nghim sau : - Trn 0,2 lt A v 0,3 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dung dch C . trung ho 20 ml dung dch C cn 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. - Trn 0,3 lt A vi 0,2 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dung dch D. trung ho 20 ml dung dch D cn 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Tnh nng mol ca H2SO4 v NaOH trong dung dch A, B . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. Bi 65.a) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,01M cn trung ho 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 3 . Coi H2SO4 phn li hon ton 2 nc. b) Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml, dung dch thu c c pH = 3 . Hy tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch . Bi 66.a) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi ho tan 0,4 gam NaOH vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,05M. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. c) Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,5 lt nc c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng dung dch Ba(OH)2 trc khi pha long . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 67.a) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho mt lt dung dch H2SO4 0,005M tc dng vi 4 lt dung dch NaOH 0,005M. b) Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 a mol/l c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc. Bi 68.a) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 (dd A) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch A bao nhiu ln c dung dch NaOH c pH = 11 . b) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 10 (dd B) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch B bao nhiu ln c dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 . c) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 2 (dd C) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch C bao nhiu ln c dung dch HCl c pH =4. d) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4 (dd D) . Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch D bao nhiu ln c dung dch HCl c pH =3. Bi 69. A l dung dch H2SO4 0,5M , B l dung dch NaOH 0,5M . Cn trn VA vi VB theo t l no c : * dung dch c pH = 2 ; * dung dch c pH = 13 . ( Coi cc cht phn li hon ton) Bi 70. Trn V1 lt dung dch HCl 0,6M v V2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M thu c 0,6 lt dung dch A. Tnh V1 , V2. Bit rng 0,6 lt dung dch A c th ho tan ht 1,02 gam Al2O3 . 2+ Bi 71. Nh t t dung dch NaOH 2M vo 100 ml dung dch Y cha cc ion Zn2+, Fe3+, SO 2 4 cho n khi kt ta ht cc ion Zn , Fe3+ th thy th tch dung dch NaOH dng l 350 ml. Tip tc thm 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo h trn th mt cht kt ta va tan ht. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong dung dch Y .

Bi 72. Ly 100 ml dung dch A cha HCl 2M v HNO3 1,5M cho tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch B cha NaOH 0,5M v KOH nng a mol/l thu c 500 ml dung dch C trung tnh. Tnh a v nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch. Bi 73. Cho 100 ml dung dch A cha Na2SO4 0,1M v Na2CO3 0,1M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch B cha Ba(NO3)2 0,05M v Pb(NO3)2 aM to kt ta . Tnh nng mol/l ca Pb(NO3)2 v khi lng chung ca cc kt ta . Bi 74. C 1lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1M v (NH4)2CO3 0,25M. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl2 v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B. Tnh %m cc cht trong A. Bi 75. Tnh pH ca dung dch : a) Na2CO3 0,1M bit : CO 3
2

+ H2O

HCO 3 + OH- ; Kb = 1,6.10-4 . H+ + HCO 3

2

b) NaHCO3 2.10-2, bit : H2CO3 HCO 3

; Ka1 = 4,5.10-7 ; Ka2 = 4,8.10-11

H+ + CO 3

KIM TRA HA HC LP 11 THI GIAN 45 PHT Cu 1: Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch: a) Trong 0.3 lit dung dch c ha tan 11,7 g NaCl b) 2 lt dung dch HNO3 10% (D = 1,054 g/l) c) 150 ml dung dch NaCl 0,1M trn ln vi 250ml dung dch NaCl 0,2M d) Trn ln 117 ml dung dch c cha 2,84g Na2SO4 v 212ml dung dch c cha 2,34 g NaCl v 671 ml H2O Cu 2: Trong mt dung dch cha a (mol) Ca2+, b (mol) Mg2+, c (mol) Cl-, d (mol) NO3a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d b) Nu a = 0,01 ; c = 0,01 ; d = 0,03 th b bng bao nhiu Cu 3: Vit PTPT, PT ion rt gn cho cc phn ng (nu c) xy ra gia cc cp cht sau: 1. Fe2(SO4)3 + NaOH 2. (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 3. NaF + HCl 4. NaF + AgNO3 5. NaHCO3 + NaOH Cu 4: Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng? Gii thch a, Na+, Cu2+, Cl-, OHb, K+, Ba2+, Cl-, SO4 2-. Cu 5: a. Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4. Hi phi pha long dung dch trn bng nc ct bao nhiu ln thu c dd HCl c pH = 6. b. Cho 2,75 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 tc dng vi 2,25 lt dung dch HCl c pH = 1 th thu c dung dch B. Tnh pH ca dung dch B. c. Ho tan 6 mui sau y vo nc: NaCl; NH 4Cl ; AlCl3 ; Na2S ; Na2CO3 ; C6H5ONa thnh 6 dung dch, sau cho vo mi dung dch mt t qu tm. Hi dung dch c mu g? Cu 6: Tinh khi lng kt tua thu c trong cac trng hp sau: a. Cho 200 ml AlCl3 1M tac dung hoan toan vi 100 ml NaOH 3.6M b. Cho 200 ml AlCl3 1M tac dung hoan toan vi 200 ml NaOH 3.6M KIM TRA HA HC LP 11 THI GIAN 45 PHT Cu 1: (3 im) Cho cc cht NaOH; (NH4)2SO4; Al(OH)3; H2SO4; BaCl2. Cho cc cht trn tc dng vi nhau tng i mt. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) dng phn t v ion thu gn? Cu 2: (3,5 im) a. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 10. Hi phi pha long dung dch trn bng nc ct bao nhiu ln thu c dd NaOH c pH = 8. b. Cho 2,75 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 tc dng vi 2,25 lt dung dch HCl c pH = 1 th thu c dung dch B. Tnh pH ca dung dch B. c. Tnh pH ca mt dung dch axit yu HF 0,5M; bit in li =8% Cu 3: (2,5 im) Dung dch G cha cc ion Mg2+ ; SO42- ; NH4+ ; Cl-. Chia G thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th c 0,58g kt ta v 0,672 lt kh (kc) Phn 2: Cho tc dng dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 4,66g kt ta

a) b) Cu 4: (1 im)

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc dng ion thu gn? Tnh tng khi lng cht rn khi c cn G ?

Dung dch NaOH v dd baz yu BOH c cng pH, nng mol/l ca dd BOH gp 10 ln dd NaOH.Tnh in li ca dd BOH bit NaOH in li hon ton. (Bit: Mg=24; S=32; O=16; Cl=35,5; H=1; Ba=137) KIM TRA HA HC LP 11 THI GIAN 45 PHT Cu 1: (3 im) Cho cc cht Na2CO3; BaCl2; NaHCO3; H2SO4; NaOH. Cho cc cht trn tc dng vi nhau tng i mt. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng (nu c) dng phn t v ion thu gn? Cu 2: (3,5 im) a. Khi trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca dung dch HNO3 0,01M v dung dch NaOH 0,03M th thu c dung dch c pH bng bao nhiu? b. Trn 100 ml dung dch gm: Ba(OH)2 0,1 M v NaOH x (M) vi 400 ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125 M, thu c dung dch X c pH= 2. Tnh gi tr x? c. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li =1%. Tnh pH ca dung dch. Cu 3: (2,5 im) + 2 2 Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+; NH4 ; SO4 ; CO3 bit rng khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34g kh (ktc) c th lm xanh qu m v 4,3g kt ta; cn khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh ktc. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc dng ion thu gn? b. Tnh tng khi lng cht rn khi c cn A ? Cu 4: (1 im) Dung dch NaOH v dung dch baz yu BOH c cng pH, nng mol/l ca dd BOH gp 10 ln dd NaOH.Tnh in li ca dd BOH bit NaOH in li hon ton. (Bit: Na=23; N=14; O=16; S=32; C=12; H=1; Ba=137) Phn ng trao i ion Mui Bi 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng sau (nu xy ra): 1, Al2(SO4)3 + NaOH 2, CaSO3 + HCl 3, Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH 4, Zn(OH)2 + KOH 5, KCl + Al2(SO4)3 6, Ba(OH)2 + K2SO4 7 , Na2CO3 + FeCl3 a) CaCl2 + ? CaCO3 + ? c) NaHCO3 + ? e) Na2SO4 + ?
*

8, AgNO3 + NaCl 9, CaCO3 + K2SO4 10, Ca(HCO3)2 + HCl 11, FeS + HCl 12, Pb(NO3)2 + Na2S 13, Al(OH)3 + NaOH 14*, Al2(SO4)3 + K2CO3 b) Fe2(SO4)3 + ? K2SO4 + ?

Bi 2: Vit ptp dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng theo s sau:

CaCO3 + ? NaCl + ?

d) NaHCO3 + ? f) NaCl + ?

H2O + CO2 + ? NaNO3 + ?

Bi 3: Cho cc cht sau: NH4Cl, CH3COONa, FeCl3, K2SO4, K2CO3, NaNO3, K2S, Al2(SO4)3, Na3PO4. Xc nh mi trng ca dung dch mi mui trn v gii thch. Bi 4: Thc hin cc th nghim sau: a) Nh t t dd H2SO4 vo dd Ba(HCO3)2. c) Nh t t dd NaOH cho ti d vo dd Al2(SO4)3. b) Nh t t dd KOH vo dd Ca(HCO3)2. d) Nh t t dd Al2(SO4)3 vo dd NaOH.

Nu hin tng xy ra v gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng. Bi 10: Trn 100 ml dd X cha CuSO4 0,1M v MgCl2 0,3M tc dng vi 400 ml dd Y gm Ba(OH)2 0,05M v KOH 0,2M. Kt ta thu c sau phn ng c khi lng l:

A. 2,72 gam.

B. 5,05 gam.

C. 0,98 gam.

D. 1,74 gam. (S: x = 16 gam)

Bi 11: Cho 200 ml dd A (cha FeSO4 1M v ZnSO4 2M) tc dng vi dd KOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c x (gam) cht rn. Tnh x. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c. Bi 13: Cho 400 ml dd NaOH a (mol/lt) vo 300 ml dd AlCl3 1M thu c 15,6 gam kt ta keo. Tnh a? Bi 5: A. Cp dung dch no sau y khng phn ng vi nhau? Na2CO3 + KCl. B NaHCO3 + HCl. C Na2CO3 + Ca(NO3)2. D . FeSO4 + NaOH. Bi 12: Cho 2,7 gam Al phn ng vi 450 ml dd HCl 1M to dd A. Cho A tc dng vi 500 ml dd NaOH 1M thu c kt ta.

. Bi 6: Phn ng no sau y c phng trnh ion thu gn l: A. 2CH3COOH + K2S 2CH3COOK + K2S C. Na2S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2S Bi 7: A. C.
Na + , Cu 2+ ; OH ; NO3 .

. 2H+ + S2- H2S B. FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S

D. CuS + H2SO4 (long) CuSO4 + H2S B

Ca 2+ ; Fe 2+ ; NO3 ; Cl . Fe 2+ ; H + ; OH ; NO3 .

Cc tp hp ion sau y c th tn ti ng thi trong cng mt dung dch . D

Na ; Ca ; HCO ; OH .

2+

. Bi 8: Cho dd A (cha Ba(HCO3)2 v MgCl2) tc dng vi dd B (gm NaOH v K2SO4). Vit tt c cc pt ion rt gn c th xy ra. Bi 9: A. C. Ly 100 ml dung dch A cha KCl 1,5M v HCl 3M trn vi V lt dung dch B cha AgNO3 1M v Pb(NO3)2 1M. Bit cc phn ng va . Gi tr ca V v khi lng kt ta thu c l: V = 0,015 lt; m= 6,3225 gam. B V = 0,015 lt; m= 63, 225 gam. V = 0,25 lt; m= 66, 2 gam. . D . V = 0,15 lt; m= 63, 225 gam.