Phm T Bch Ngc - THPT Tin L: MT S DNG TON THNG

GP V S PHC V NG DNG
A- PHN M U
I. L DO CHN TI
S phc c vai tr quan trng trong ton hc, vi s xut hin ca s i, mt trong nhng k
hiu thng dng nht trong ton hc, dn n vic nh ngha s phc dng z= a + bi, trong a,
b l cc s thc.
i vi chng trnh ton hc ph thng s phc c a vo cui cp lp 12, vic lm
quen s dng v ng dng s phc vo gii ton i vi hc sinh l mt iu kh, my nm gn
y trong cc thi tuyn sinh i hc v cao ng cp n s phc nhng dng ton n
gin. gip cc em hiu su hn v cc dng ton thng gp v s phc v ng dng ca s
phc, ti mnh dn la chn ti: Mt s dng ton thng gp v s phc v ng dng.
II. MC CH NGHIN CU
Nghin cu ti Mt s dng ton thng gp v s phc v ng dng nhm gip hc
sinh rn k nng gii ton v s phc, nhm pht trin t duy logic cho hc sinh ng thi nng cao
cht lng hc tp ca hc sinh, to c hng th hc tp mn ton, gp phn i mi phng
php ging dy b mn theo hng pht huy tnh tch cc, t gic, sng to ca hc sinh , gp phn
nng cao cht lng i ng hc sinh kh gii v mn ton, gp phn kch thch s am m, yu
thch mn ton, pht trin nng lc t hc, t bi dng kin thc cho hc sinh. i tng p dng:
hc sinh 12.
III. NHIM V NGHIN CU
Xc nh c s khoa hc ca s phc vi dng i s v lng gic phn ra mt s dng
ton thng gp v s phc.
Tip cn mt s ng dng ca s phc trong gii ton i s, lng gic v hnh hc.
IV. I TNG NGHIN CU
Mt s dng ton thng gp v s phc, ng dng ca s phc trong gii cc bi ton i
s, lng gic v hnh hc trong chng trnh ton trung hc ph thng.
V. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Nghin cu sch gio khoa, sch tham kho, cc ti liu c lin quan v s phc.
Thc hin cc tit dy ti mt s lp.
B PHN NI DUNG
I- C S L THUYT
1. Khi nim s phc
Mt s phc l mt biu thc dng a+bi, trong a v b l nhng s thc v s i tha mn
i
2
=-1. K hiu s phc l z v vit z=a+bi.
i c gi l n v o, a c gi l phn thc v b c gi l phn o ca s phc z=a+bi
Tp hp cc s phc c k hiu l C.
Ch : S phc z= a+ 0i c phn o bng 0 c coi l s thc v vit l a + 0i =a thuc R

C
S phc c phn thc bng 0 c gi l s o (cn gi l s thun o):
z= 0+ bi = bi (b R ); i= 0 + 1i= 1i
S 0= 0 + 0i va l s thc va l s o.
nh ngha 2:
Hai s phc z= a+ bi (a, b R ), z= a+ bi (a,b R ) gi l bng nhau nu a=a, b= b
Khi ta vit z= z.
2. Biu din hnh hc s phc
Ta bit biu din hnh hc cc s thc bi cc im trn mt trc s. i vi cc s phc,
ta hy xt mt phng ta Oxy. Mi s phc z= a+ bi (a,b R ) c biu din bi im M c ta
(a;b). Ngc li, r rng mi im M(a;b) biu din s phc l z= a+ bi. Ta cn vit M(a+bi)
hay M(z).
V l , mt phng ta vi vic biu din s phc nh th c gi l mt phng phc.
3. Php cng v php tr s phc
a) Tng ca hai s phc
nh ngha 3: Tng ca hai s phc z= a+ bi, z= a+ bi (a, b, a, b R ) l s phc z+ z = a+ a
+ (b+b)i
b) Tnh cht ca php cng s phc
T nh ngha 3, d thy php cng cc s phc c cc tnh cht sau y, tng t php
cng cc s thc.
Tnh cht kt hp: (z+ z) + z=z+ (z+ z) vi mi z, z, z C
Tnh cht giao hon: z+ z=z+z vi mi z,z C
Cng vi 0: z+ 0 = 0+ z = z vi mi z C
Vi mi s phc z= a+ bi (a,b R ) nu k hiu s phc a bi l z th ta c: z+ (-z) = (-z)
+z =0
S -z c gi l s i ca s phc z.
c) Php tr hai s phc
nh ngha 4: Hiu ca hai s phc z v z l tng ca z vi z, tc l z-z=z+(-z). Nu z= a+ bi,
z=a+bi (a,b,a,b R ) th z-z = a-a + (b-b)i
4. Php nhn s phc
a) Tch ca hai s phc
nh ngha 5: Tch ca hai s phc z= a+ bi v z= a+ bi (a,b,a,b R ) l s phc zz= aa
bb+(ab+ab)i
b) Tnh cht ca php nhn s phc
Tnh cht giao hon: zz=zz vi mi z,z C
Tnh cht kt hp: (zz)z= z(zz) vi mi z,z,z C
Nhn vi 1: 1.z = z.1 vi mi z C
Tnh cht phn phi ca php nhn i vi php cng:
z(z+z) = zz+zz vi mi z,z,z C
5. S phc lin hp v mun ca s phc
a) S phc lin hp
nh ngha 6: S phc lin hp ca z= a+ bi (a, b R ) l a-bi v c k hiu bi
z
Nh vy:
z a bi a bi +
R rng:
z
= z nn ngi ta cn ni
z
v z l hai s phc lin hp vi nhau (gi tt l hai s
phc lin hp). Hai s phc lin hp khi v ch khi cc im biu din ca chng i xng vi nhau
qua trc Ox.
b) M un ca s phc
nh ngha 7: M un ca s phc z=a+bi (a, b R ) l s thc khng m
2 2
a b +
v c k
hiu l
z
Nh vy: Nu z= a+bi (a, b R ) th
2 2
z zz a b +
6. Php chia cho s phc khc 0
nh ngha 8: S nghch o ca s phc z khc 0 l s
1
2
1
z z
z

Thng
' z
z
ca php
chia s phc z cho s phc z khc 0 l tch ca z vi s phc nghch o ca z, tc l
1
'
'
z
z z
z


Nh vy: Nu 0 z th
2
' ' z z z
z z

7. Cn bc hai ca s phc
nh ngha: Cho s phc w, mi s phc z tha mn
2
w z c gi l mt cn bc hai
ca w.
8. Phng trnh bc hai.
Nh tnh c cn bc hai ca s phc, d thy mi phng trnh bc hai
( )
2
0 1 Az Bz C + +
Trong A,B,C l nhng s phc, ( 0 A ) u c hai nghim phc (c th
trng nhau). Vic gii phng trnh c tin hnh tng t nh trong trng hp A, B, C l
nhng s thc. C th l:
Xt bit thc:
2
4 b ac
- Nu 0 th phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit:
1 2
;
2 2
B B
z z
A A
+
trong
l mt cn bc hai ca
- Nu 0 th phng trnh (1) c nghim kp:
1 2
2
B
z z
A

9. Dng lng gic ca s phc
nh ngha 1: Cho s phc
0 z
. Gi M l im trong mt phng phc biu
din s z. S o (radian) ca mi gc lng gic tia u Ox, tia cui OM c gi l
acgument ca z
nh ngha 2: Dng
( os i sin ) z r c +
trong r > 0 c gi l dng lng gic ca s
phc 0 z . Cn dng z=a+ bi (
, a b R
) c gi l dng i s ca s phc z.
10. Nhn v chia s phc di dng lng gic
nh l: Nu
( os i sin ) z r c +
,
' '( os ' i sin ')( 0, ' 0) z r c r r +
th
zz= rr ( ) os ' i sin( ')] c 1 + + +
]
, ( ) ( )
' '
os ' i sin '
z r
c
z r
1 +
]
(Khi r>0)
11. Cng thc Moa-vro (Moivre) v ng dng
a) Cng thc Moavro
T cng thc nhn s phc di dng lng gic, bng quy np ton hc d dng suy ra vi
mi s nguyn dng n.
( ) [ ( os i sin )] os i sin
n n
r c r c + +
v khi r=1 ta c: ( os i sin ) osn i sin
n
c c n + +
b) Cn bc hai ca s phc di dng lng gic.
T cng thc Moavro d thy s phc
( os i sin ) z r c +
trong r>0 c hai cn bc hai
l:
os i sin
2 2
r c
_

,
v -
os i sin os i sin
2 2 2 2
r c r c
_
_ _ _
+ + +

, , ,
,
II- MT S DNG TON THNG GP V S PHC
1. Tm tp hp im biu din ca s phc
Th d 1: Tm tp hp cc im biu din ca s phc z sao cho
2 3 z i
u
z i
+ +

l mt s thun
o.
Gii: t z= x+ yi (x, y R ), khi :
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
2 3 1
2 3
1
1
2 2 3 2 2 1
1
x y i x y i
x y i
u
x y i
x y
x y x y x y i
x y
1 1 + + +
+ + +
] ]

+
+
+ + + + +

+
u l s thun o khi v ch khi
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2 3 0
1 1 5
1 0 ; 0;1
x y x y
x y
x y x y
+ + +
+ + +

' '
+ >


Vy tp hp cc im biu din ca z l ng trn tm I(-1;-1), bn knh 5 tr im (0;1).
Th d 2: Tm tp hp cc im biu din ca s phc z tha mn
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 3
1 2 3 4 1
4
2 3 4 1 3 1 0
z i
x y i x y i
z i
x y x y x y
+
+ +
+
+ + +
Vy tp hp cc im biu din s phc z l ng thng c phng trnh
3x-y-1=0.
Th d 3: Tm tp hp cc im M biu din s phc z tha mn:\
a)
3
z
z i

b)
3 4 z z i +
c)
4 z i z i + +
Gii:
a) t z= x+ yi (x,y R )
Ta c:
( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
9 9
3 9 1
8 64
z z i x y x y x y
_
1
+ + +

]
,
Vy tp hp cc im M l ng trn tm I
9
0;
8
_

,
bn knh
3
8
R
b) t z= x+ yi (x,y R )
Ta c ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3 4 3 4 z z i x y x y + + +
6 8 25 x y +
Vy tp hp cc im M l ng thng 6x+ 8y= 25
c) t z=x+yi (x,y R )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
4 1 1 4
1 4
1 16 8 1 1
1 16
1 16
4 4 8 4 8 16
2 1 4
4
z i z i x y x y
x y
x y x y x y
x y
x y
x y y y y
x y y
y
+ + + + + +

'

+ + + + + +

+ +

+ +

+ + + + +
' '
+ + +

( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
1 16 1
1 2
3 4
4 3
x y
x y
y

+ +

+
'

Ta thy cc im nm trong hnh trn (1) v elip (2) v tung cc im nm trn elio lun tha
mn iu kin
4 y
. Vy tp hp cc im M l elip c phng trnh
2 2
1
3 4
x y
+
Th d 4: Tm tp hp cc im biu din s phc ( )
w 1 3 2 i z + +
bit rng s phc z tha
mn
1 2 z
Gii:
Gi z= a+ bi (a, b R ), w= x+ yi (x, y R )
Ta c

( ) ( )
( )
( )
w 1 3 2 1 3 2
3 1 3 3 2
3 3 1 3
i z x yi i a bi
x a b x a b
y a b y a b
+ + + + + +

+ +


' '
+ +


T ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
3 3 4 1 16 x y a b
1
+ +
]
do (1)
Vy tp hp cc im cn tm l hnh trn
( )
( )
2
2
3 3 16 x y + c tm I ( )
3; 3
bn knh
R=4.
Th d 5: Xc nh tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din s phc z sao cho s
2
2
z
z

+
c acgumen bng
3

Gii:
Gi z= x+ yi (x,y R )
ta c
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
x yi x yi
x yi
z
z x yi
x y
1 1 + + +
+

] ]

+ + +
+ +
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
4 2 2
4 4
1
2 2 2
x y yi x x
x y y
i
x y x y x y
+ + + +
+
+
+ + + +
V s phc
2
2
z
z

+
c acgumen bng
3

nn ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
4 4
os i sin 0
3 3
2 2
4
2
2
4 3
2
2
x y y
i r c r
x y x y
x y r
x y
y r
x y
+ _
+ + >

, + +
+

'

T suy ra y>0 (1) v

2 2
2 2
4 4
3 4
4 3
y y
x y
x y
+
+
( )
2 2
2
2 4
2
3 3
x y
_ _
+

, ,
T (1) v (2) ta c tp hp cc im M l ng trn c tm nm trn trc thc.
Th d 6: Trong mt phng Oxy, tm tp hp im biu din cc s phc z tha mn iu kin
( ) 3 4 2 z i
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R ) ( ) ( ) 3 4 3 4 z i x y i + + +
T ( ) 3 4 2 z i
ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 4 2 3 4 4 x y x y + + + +
Tp hp im biu din cc s phc z l ng trn tm I(3; -4), bn knh R=2.
Th d 7: Trong mt phng Oxy, tm tp hp im biu din cc s phc z tha mn
( ) 1 z i i z +
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R )
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 1
1
z i i z x y i x y x y i
x y x y x y
+ + + +
+ + +
( )
2
2 2 2
2 1 0 1 2 x y xy x y + + + +
Vy tp hp cc im M biu din cc s phc z l ng trn c phng trnh ( )
2
2
1 2 x y + +
2. Tnh m un ca s phc
Th d 8: Gi s z
1
; z
2
l hai s phc tha mn
6 2 3 z i iz +
v
1 2
1
3
z z Tnh m un
1 2
z z +
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
6 2 3 6 6 1 2 3 3
1 1
6 6 1 2 3 3
9 3
z i iz x y i y xi
x y y x x y z
+ + +
+ + +
Suy ra
1 2
1
3
z z
Ta li c: ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
1 2
9 9
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z + +
Suy ra
1 2 2 1
1
9
z z z z +
Khi : ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
1
3
z z z z z z z z z z z z + + + + +
1 2
1
3
z z +
Ch : Hc sinh c th t z
1
; z
2
dng i s tnh.
Th d 9: Gi z
1
v z
2
l hai nghim phc ca phng trnh
2
2 10 0 z z + + Tnh gi tr biu
thc
2 2
1 2
A z z +
Gii:
Ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2 10 0 1 9 1 3
1 3
1 3
z z z z i
z i
z i
+ + + +
+

( )
2
2
1 1
2 2
1 3 1 3 10
1 3 10
z i z
z i z
+ +

Vy
2 2
1 2
20 A z z +
Th d 10: Cho s phc z tha mn
2
6 13 0 z z + Tnh
6
z
z i
+
+
Gii:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
6 13 0 3 4 3 2
3 2
3 2
z z z z i
z i
z i
+
+

Vi 3 2 z i + ta c
6 6
3 2 4 17
3 3
z i i
z i i
+ + + +
+ +
Vi 3 2 z i ta c
6 6 1
3 2 24 7 5
3 5
z i i
z i i
+ +
+
Th d 11: Cho s phc z tha mn
( )
3
1 3
1
i
z
i

Tm M dun ca s phc
z iz +
Gii:
Ta c
( )
3
1 3 8
Do
8
4 4
1
z i
i

Suy ra 4 4 z i +
( ) 4 4 4 4 8 8 z iz i i i i + + +
Vy
8 2 z iz +
Th d 12: Tnh m un ca s phc z bit rng:
( ) ( )
( )
( ) 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 z i z i i + + +
Gii:
Gi z= a+ bi (a, b R )
Ta c
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1 1 1 1 2 2
2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2
2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2
1
3 3 2
3
3 3 2 2 2
2 2 1
3
z i z i i
a bi i a bi i i
a b a b i a b a b i i
a
a b
a b a b i i
a b
b
+ + +
1 1 + + + +
] ]
+ + + + + +

+ +
' '
+

Suy ra m un:
2 2
2
3
z a b +
Th d 13: Cho hai s phc z
1
; z
2
tha mn iu kin:
1 1
2 2
2 2 1
2 3 1
z i iz
z i iz

'
+

Tnh
1 2
P z z +

bit
1 2
1 z z
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
2
z i iz x y y x x y
z z
+ + + +

t ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
; , , , 2; 2 z a bi z c di a b c d R a b c d + + + +
T
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2
1 1 2 3
2 7
z z a c b d ac bd
P z z P a c b d a b c d ac bd
+ +
+ + + + + + + + +
Vy 7 P
Th d 14: Trong cc s phc z tha mn iu kin
( ) 1
2 1
1
i z
i
+
+

Tm s phc c m un nh
nht, ln nht.
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R ) th
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
1
2 1 2 1
1
2 1 1 4 3
4 3
i z
y xi
i
x y x y y
z x y y
+
+ +

+ +
+
T (1) ta c: ( )
2
2 1 1 3 1 4 3 9 y y y
Vy s phc c m un ln nht l z=3i v s phc c m un nh nht l z=i
Th d 15: Bit rng s phc z tha mn ( )
( )
3 1 3 u z i z i + + +
l mt s thc. Tm gi tr nh
nht ca
z
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R ) ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
3 1 1 3
4 4 6 2 4
u x y i x y i
x y x y x y i
1 1 + + +
] ]
+ + + +
Ta c:
4 0 u R x y
Tp hp cc im biu din ca z l ng thng d: x-y-4=0, M(x;y) l im biu din ca z th
m un ca z nh nht khi v ch khi di OM nh nht OM d Tm c M(-2;2) suy ra
z=-2+2i.
Th d 16: Bit rng s phc z tha mn
2
2
1
z i
z i
+

+
Tm gi tr nh nht v ln nht ca
z
Gii:
Gi z= x+ yi (x,y R ) ta c
( ) ( )
2
2 2 1 2 1 1
1
z i
x y i x y i
z i
+
+ + + +
+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 1 2 1 1 3 10 x y x y x y
1
+ + + + + + +
]
Tp hp cc im biu din ca z l ng trn tm I(0;-3) bn knh 10 R
M l im biu din ca z th
z
nh nht khi v ch khi OM nh nht,
z
ln nht khi v ch
khi OM ln nht.
Tm c Min 3 10 z + khi ( )
3 10 z i +
v Max 3 10 z + khi ( )
3 10 z i +
Th d 17:Cho ba s phc
1 2 3
, , z z z
u c m dun bng 1. Chng minh rng:
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1
z z z z z z z z z + + + +
Gii:
V
1 2 3
1 z z z
Nn
1 2 2 3 3 1
1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 1 1 z z z z z z
z z z z z z z z z z z z
z z z z z z
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
Suy ra
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1
z z z z z z z z z + + + +
Th d 18: Chng minh rng nu s phc z tha mn
3
3
8
9 z
z
+
th
2
3 z
z
+
Gii:
t ( )
2
0 a z a
z
+
Ta c:

3
3
3
3
3 3
3
2 8 2
6
2 8 2
6 9 6
z z z
z z z
a z z z a
z z z
_ _
+ + + +

, ,
+ + + + +
Ta c ( ) ( )
3 2
6 9 0 3 3 3 0 a a a a a + +
v
2
3 3 a a + + >0 nn
2
3 a z
z
+
3. Tm s phc z tha mn h thc cho trc
Th d 19: Tm s phc z tha mn hai iu kin:
1 2 3 4 z i z i + + +
v
2 z i
z i

+
l mt s thun o.
Gii:
t z= x+ yi (x,y R )
Theo bi ra ta c
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
x y i x y i
x y x y y x
+ + + +
+ + + + +
S phc
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2 1 2 3
2
w
1
1
x y i x y y x y i
z i
x y i z i
x y
+ +

+ +
+
w l mt s o khi v ch khi
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
12 2 1 0
7
1 0
23
5
7
x y y
x
x y
y
y x

+ >
' '


+

Vy
12 23
7 7
z i +
Th d 20: Tm tt c cc s phc z bit
2
2
z z z +
Gii:
Gi z= a+ bi (a,b R ) ta c:
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
0
2
1 1
;
2 2 2 1 0 2
1 1
;
2 2
z z z a bi a b a bi
a b abi a b a bi
a b
a b
a b a b a
a b
b a ab b
a b
+ + + + +
+ + +

+ +

' '

Vy z=0;
1 1 1 1
;
2 2 2 2
z i z i +
Th d 21: Tm s phc z bit ( ) 2 3 1 9 z i z i +
Gii:
Gi z= a+ bi (a,b R ) ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 1 9 2 3 1 9 z i z i a bi i a bi i + + +
( )
3 1 2
3 3 3 1 9
3 3 9 1
a b a
a b a b i i
a b b


' '


Vy z= 2-i
Th d 22: Tm phn o ca s phc z bit
( ) ( )
2
2 1 2 z i i +
Gii:
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 2 5 2 z i i i + +
Suy ra
5 2 z i
Phn o ca s phc
2 z
Th d 23: Tm s phc z tha mn 2 z v z
2
l s thun o.
Gii:
Gi z= a+ bi (a,b R ) Ta c
2 2
z a b + v
2 2 2
2 z a b abi +
Yu cu bi ton tha mn khi v ch khi
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 1 1
1
0 1
a b a a
b
a b b
+ t


' ' '
t



Vy cc s phc cn tm l 1+i; 1-i; -1+i; -1-i
Th d 24: Tm s phc z bit
5 3
1 0
i
z
z
+

Gii:
Gi z= a+ bi (a,b R ) v
2 2
0 a b + ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
5 3 5 3
1 0 1 0 5 3 0
5 0
5 3 0
3 0
2 0 1; 3
3 2 2; 3
i i
z a bi a b i a bi
z a bi
a b a
a b a b i
b
a a a b
b a b
+ +
+
+
+

+ +
'
+

'


Vy 1 3 z i hoc 2 3 z i +
Th d 25: Tm phn thc v phn o ca s phc
3
1 3
1
i
z
i
_
+

+
,
Gii:

1 3
1 3 2 2 os i sin
2 2 3 3
1 2 os i sin
4 4
i i c
i c


_
_
+ + +



,
,
_
+ +

,
Suy ra
( ) 8 os i sin
2 2 os i sin 2 2
3 3 4 4
2 2 os i sin
4 4
c
z c i
c



+
_
+ +

_
,
+

,
Vy s phc c phn thc l 2 v phn o l 2.
Th d 26: Tm s phc z tha mn
2 2 z i z z +
v
1 3i
z

c mt acgumen l
2
3

Gii:

1 3
1 3 2 2 os i sin
2 2 3 3
i i c

_
_
_ _
+



, ,
,
,
Gi s ( ) ( ) os i sin 0 z r c r + >
Khi
1 3 2
os i sin
3 3
i
c
z r


_ _ _
+

, ,
,
Theo gi thit
2
3 3 3


Suy ra
3
2 2
r r
z i +
Khi
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 3 2 2 3
3 1 4 3 4 3 0
4 3 0
z i z z r r i ri
r r r r r
r r
+ + +
+ +
>
Vy 2 3 6 z i +
Th d 27: Tm s phc z tha mn 2 z i v ( )
( )
1 z z i +
l s thc
Gii:
Gi s z= x+ yi (x,y R )
Khi :
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
z i x y
z z i x yi x y i x x y y x y i
+
+ + + + +
( )
( )
( ) 1 1 0 2 z z i R x y + +
T (1) v (2) ta c x=1; y=0 hoc x=-1; y=2
Vy z=1; z=-1+ 2i
Th d 28: Tm phn thc, phn o ca s phc sau:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 20
1 1 1 1 ... 1 i i i i + + + + + + + + +
Gii:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
21
2 20
20
21 2 10
10
10
10 10
1 1
1 1 1 ... 1
1 1 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 1
2 2 1
i
P i i i
i
i i i i i i
i
P i
i
+
+ + + + + + +
1
+ + + + +
]
+
+ +
Vy phn thc l
10
2
v phn o l
10
2 1 +
4. Gii phng trnh trong tp hp s phc
Th d 29: Gii phng trnh ( ) ( )
3 2
3 2 16 2 0 z i z i z i +
bit rng phng trnh c 1
nghim thc.
Gii:
Gi nghim thc l z
0
ta c:
( ) ( )
3 2
0 0 0
3 2
0 0 0
0
2
0
3 2 16 2 0
3 2 16 0
2
2 0
o
z i z i z i
z z z
z
z z
+
+

'
+

Khi ta c phng trnh ( ) ( ) ( )

2
2 5 8 0 z z i z i + +
Tm c cc nghim ca phng trnh l z= -2; z= 2+ i; z= 3- 2i
Th d 30: Gii phng trnh ( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 3 1 2 9 0 z i z i z i + +
bit rng phng trnh c mt
nghim thun o.
Gii:
Gi s phng trnh c nghim thun o l bi, b R
Thay vo phng trnh ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3
2
2 3 2
3 2
2 3 3 1 2 9 0
2 6 0
2 6 3 3 9 0 3
3 3 9 0
3
bi i bi i bi i
b b
b b b b b i b
b b b
z i
+ +
+

+ + + +
'
+ +

2
Phng trnh c th phn tch thnh ( ) ( )
2
3 2 3 0 z i z z + +
Cc nghim ca phng trnh l z= -3i;
1 2 z i t
Th d 31: Gii phng trnh trn tp hp s phc:
4 3 2
6 6 16 0 z z z z +
Gii:
Nhn bit c hai nghim z=-1 v z=2
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1 8 0 z z z + +
Gii ra ta c bn nghim: 1; 2; 2 2 z z z i t
5. Dng lng gic ca s phc
Th d 32: Vit di dng lng gic ca s phc z sao cho
1
3
z v mt acgument ca
1
z
i +
l
3
4

Gii:
1
3
z th
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
os i sin
3
1 1
os i sin cos i sin
3 3
z c
z c

+
v
2 2
1 2 2 os i sin
2 2 4 4
i i c

_
_
+ + +



,
,
nn
1
os 4 i sin
1 4 4 3 2
z
c
i

_
_ _
+

+
, ,
,
do
3
2 2 ,
4 4 2
k k k Z

+ +
vy
1
os i sin
3 2 2
z c
_
+

,
Th d 33: Tm s phc z sao cho
3
1
z i
z i
+

+
v z+1 c mt acgument l
6

Gii:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
3
1 3 3 1
3 1 2
z i
z i z i x y i x y i
z i
x y x y y
+
+ + + + + +
+
+ + + +
z+1 c mt acgument l
6

tc l:
( )
( ) 1 os i sin 3 0
6 6 2
r
z r c i r
1
_ _
+ + >
1
, ,
]
ta c:
3
1
4
2
1 1 2 2 3 1 2
2 3 1
2
2
r
x
r
z x i z i
r x

+ +
' '

Th d 34: Cho s phc 1 os i sin

7 7
z c

Tm moodun, acgument v vit z di dng
lng gic.
Gii:
Ta c:
2
2
1 os sin 2 1 os
7 7 7
8 4
2 1 os 2cos
7 7
z c c
c s


_ _
+

, ,
_
+

,
Gi

l mt acgument ca z th
2
8
sin sin
4
7 7
tan cot tan
4
7 14
1 os 2sin
7 7
c

_


,

Suy ra ,
14
k k Z

+
V phn thc 1 os 0
7
c

> , phn o sin 0
7

< nn ta chn mt acgument l

14

Vy
4
2cos os i sin
7 14 14
z c
_
_ _
+

, ,
,
Th d 35: Tm mt acgument ca s phc ( )
1 3 z i +
bit mt acgument ca z bng
3

Gii:
z c mt acgument bng
3

nn
1 3
2 2
z z i
_
+


,
Do ( ) ( )
1 3
1 3 2
2 2
z i z i
_
+ +


,
Khi
2 z >
mt acgument ca ( )
1 3 z i +
l
3

Khi
0 2 z < <
mt acgument ca ( )
1 3 z i +
l
4
3

Khi
2 z
th ( )
1 3 z i +
=0 nn acgument khng xc nh.
Th d 36: Vit s phc z di dng lng gic bit
1 3 z z i
v i
z
c mt acgument
l
6

Gii:
t ( ) ( ) os i sin 0, z r c r R + >
Khi
( )
( )
os isin
sin cos cos i sin
2 2
z r c
i z r i r




1
_ _
+ +
1
, ,
]
Theo gi thit th
2 6 3


Khi :
2 2 2
2 2
2
3
1 3 1 3 1
2 2 2 2
3
1 3 1 4 1 1
2 4 4 2 2
r r r r
z z i i
r r r r r
r r
_
+ +

,
_ _ _
+ +

, , ,
Vy os i sin
3 3
z c

+
III- NG DNG S PHC TRONG GII TON
1 .CHNG MINH NG THC V BT NG THC
Th d37: Chng minh rng
1 5
os
5 4
c
+

Gii:
t os , sin ; os i sin
5 5 5 5
x c y z x iy c

+ +
Ta c:
5
1 z
hay ( ) ( )
4 3 2
1 1 0 z z z z z + + +
V 1 z nn
4 3 2
1 z z z z + +
=0 do 0 z nn chia hai v cho
2
z
ta c
2
2
2
1 1
1 0
1 1
1 0
z z
z z
z z
z z
_ _
+ +

, ,
_ _
+ +

, ,
Ta rng
1 1
2
x z
z
_
+

,
t ng thc trn ta c:
2
1 5
4 2 1 0
4
x x x
t

Do x>0 nn
1 5
os
5 4
x c
+

Th d 38: Chng minh cng thc:
( )
( )
5 3
5 3
sin5 16sin 20sin 5sin 1
os5 16cos 20cos 5cos 2 c


+
+
Gii:
p dng cng thwcsMoiver ta c:
( )
5
os i sin os5 i sin5 c c + +
Khai trin nh thc:
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
5
5 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 5 5
5 3 2 2
2
2 2 2 3 5
os i sin
os 5 cos sin 10 os sin 10 cos sin 5 cos sin sin
cos 10cos 1 cos 5cos 1 cos
sin 1 sin 10 1 sin sin sin
c
c i i c i i i
i




+
+ + + + + +
+
+ +
ng nht phn thc, phn o v rt gn ta c (1)
Cng thc (2) chng minh tng t.
Th d 39: Chng minh rng:
a)
3 5 1
os os cos
7 7 7 2
c c

+ +
b)
2 3 1
os os cos
7 7 7 2
c c

+
Gii:
Cc ng thc trn ngoi cch chng minh bng lng gic (Nhn v tri vi 2sin
7

) cn c
th dng s phc gii.
a) t
7
os i sin os i sin 1
7 7
z c z c

+ + hay
7
1 0 z +
Mt khc

10 8 6 4 2
3 5
3 5 5
3 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
os os os
7 7 7 2 2 2 2
z z z z z
c c c z z z
z z z z
+ + + + + _ _ _
+ + + + + + +

, , ,
V
7
1 0 z + nn
10 3
z z
v
8
z z
Suy ra

10 8 6 4 2 6 4 3 2
7
6 5 4 3 2 5 5 5
1 1
1
1
1
z z z z z z z z z z
z
z z z z z z z z z
z
+ + + + + + + +
+
+ + + +
+
Do :
5
5
3 5 1
cos os os
7 7 7 2 2
z
c c
z

+ +
b) Xt phng trnh
7
1 0 x + D thy cc nghim ca phng trnh l cc cn bc 7 ca s -1.
Tp nghim ca phng trnh l:
3 13
7 7 7
{e ,e ,...,e }
i i i
Mt khc:
7
2
7
3 13
7 7 7 7
7
1
e ,e ,...,e 0
i
i i i i
i
e
e
e

,

Nn tng phn thc ca n bng 0
Do :
3 5 7 9 11 13
os os cos cos cos cos cos 0
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
3 5
2 cos cos cos 1 0
7 7 7
2 3 1
cos cos cos
7 7 7 2
c c



+ + + + + +
_
+ +

,
+
Th d 40: Cho a, b, c l cc s thc sao cho:
cos cos cos sin sin sin 0 a b c a b c + + + +
Chng minh rng: cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 0 a b c a b c + + + +
Gii:
t
cos i sin
cos sin
cos sin
x a a
y b i b
z c i c
+
+
+
Ta c x+ y + z=0
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
cos sin cos sin cos sin 0 a i a b i b c i c
x y z
+ + + +
Do : xy + yz +zx=0
Suy ra:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 0
os2 i sin 2 os2 i sin 2 os2 i sin 2 0
x y z x y z xy yz zx
hay c a a c c c c b b
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + +
T ta c:
os2 os2 os2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 0 c a c b c c a b b + + + +
Th d 41: Chng minh rng:
a)
( )
( )
0 2 4 6 8
... 2 cos 1
4
n
n n n n n
C C C C C n

+ + +
b)
( )
( )
1 3 5 7 9
... 2 sin 2
4
n
n n n n n
C C C C C n

+ + +
Gii:
t v tri ca (1) l S
1
, ca (2) l S
2
Xt khai trin:
( )
0 1 2 2 3 3
1 ... .
n
n n
n n n n n
i C iC i C i C i C + + + +
Do
( )
1 4
4 1
1 4 2
4 3
k
k
k
k
i khi k m
i i khi k m m Z
i khi k m
i i khi k m
+

+
+
+
Khi ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 2 4 6 1 3 5 7
1 ... ... 3
n
n n n n n n n n
i C C C C i C C C C + + + + + +
v
( )
( ) ( )
( ) 1 2 cos sin 2 cos sin 4
4 4 4 4
n
n n
n
i i n i n
_ _
+ + +

, ,
T (3) v (4) ta c:
( )
( )
1
2
2 cos
4
2 sin
4
n
n
S n
S n

Th d 42: Chng minh rng:

( )
( )
( )
( )
1
1 3 5 7
3
0 2 4 6
3 5 7 ... 2 os 1
4
2 4 6 ... 2 sin 1
4
n
n n n n
n
n n n n
C C C C n c n
C C C C n n

+ +
+ +
Gii:
( )
0 1 2 2 3 3
1 ...
n
b n
n n n n n
x C C x C x C x C x + + + + + +
o hm hai v theo x:
( )
1
1 2 2 3 1
1 2 3 ...
n
n b
n n n n
n x C xC x C nx C

+ + + + +
Cho x=i:
( )
( ) ( )
1
1 2 2 3 1
1 3 5 7 0 2 4
1 2 3 ...
3 5 7 ... 2 2 4 ...
n
n b
n n n n
n n n n n n n
n i C iC i C ni C
C C C C i C C C

+ + + + +
+ + + + +
Th d 43: Chng minh rng cc bt ng thc:
a)
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 , , 0 x xy y y yz z z zx x x y z x y z + + + + + + + + + + >
b)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 os cos sin 4sin sin sin 2 , c x y x y x y x y x y R + + +
Gii:
a) t
1
2
3
3
2 2
3
2 2
3
2 2
y
z x yi
z
z y zi
x
z z xi
+ +
+ +
+ +
Ta c:

2 2
1
2 2
2
2 2
3
z x xy y
z y yz z
z z zx x
+ +
+ +
+ +
V ( )
1 2 3
3 z z z x y z + + + +
Do
1 2 3 1 2 3
z z z z z z + + + +
nn ta c iu phi chng minh.
b) t
( )
( )
1
2
2cos cos i sin
2sin sin i sin
z x y x y
z x y x y
+
+
Lm tng t nh phn a) ta c iu phi chng minh.
Th d 44: Chng minh rng nu
1 z
th
2 1
1
2
z
iz

+
Gii:
Gi s ( )
, z a bi a b R +
th
2 2
z a b +
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 z a b a b + +
Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
4 2 1
2 2 1
2 1
2 2
2
a b
a b i
z
iz b ai
b a
+
+

+ +
+
pcm
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2
4 2 1
1 4 2 1 2 1
2
a b
a b b a a b
b a
+
+ + +
+
vy ta c iu phi chng minh.
Th d 45: Cho s phc z khc 0 tha mn iu kin
3
3
1
2 z
z
+
CMR:
1
2 z
z
+
Gii:
Ta c vi hai s phc
1 2
, z z bt k ta c :
1 2 1 2
z z z z + +
Ta c :
3 3
3 3
3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 2 3 z z z z z z z
z z z z z z z
_ _
+ + + + + + + + + +

, ,
t
1
z a
z
+
ta c
( ) ( )
2
3
3 2 0 2 1 0 a a a a +
Vy ta c iu phi chng mnh.
2. Tnh tng
Th d 46: Tnh tng
1
2
sin sin 2 ... sin
cos os2 ... cos
S a a na
S a c a na
+ + +
+ + +
Gii:
t cos i sin z a a +
Ta c:
2
2 1
1
iS ... .
1
n
n
z
S z z z z
z

+ + + +

( ) ( )
2
2
2sin 2 sin os
1 cos i sin 1
2 2 2
1 cos i sin 1
2sin 2 sin os
2 2 2
sin os i sin
sin
1 1
2 2 2
2
os i sin
2 2
sin
sin os i sin
2
2 2 2
n
na na na
i c
z na na
a a a
z a a
i c
na na na
na
c
n a n a
c
a
a a a
c
+
+

+
+
_
+

1
,
+
1
_
]
+

,
Do :
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1
sin
1 1
1
2
iS . cos i sin os i sin
1 2 2
sin
2
sin
1 1
2
os i sin
2 2
sin
2
n
na
n a n a
z
S z a a c
a
z
na
n a n a
c
a
1

+ + +
1

]
1 + +
+
1
]
Mt khc:
[ ] [ ]
2 1
iS cos os2 ... cos i sin sin 2 ... sin S a c a na a a na + + + + + + + +
Vy:
( )
( )
1
2
1
sin sin
2 2
sin
2
1
sin os
2 2
sin
2
n a
na
S
a
n a
na
c
S
a
+

Th d 47: Tnh tng (Vi n= 4k+1)

a)
0 2 4 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
...
n n
n n n n n
S C C C C C

+ + + + +
+ +
b)
1 3 5 2 1 2 1
2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
...
n n
n n n n n
S C C C C C
+
+ + + + +
+ +
Gii:
( )
( ) ( )
2 1
0 1 2 2 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
0 2 2 1 3 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 ...
.. ..
n
n n
n n n n
n n
n n n n n n
i C iC i C i C
C C C i C C C
+
+ +
+ + + +
+
+ + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + +
Mt khc:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 1
2 1
2 1 2 1
1 2 os i sin 1 2 os i sin
4 4 4 4
2 1 2 1
2 2 os i sin
4 4
8 3 8 3
2 2 os i sin
4 4
3 3
2 2 os i sin 2 2
4 4
n
n
n
n
n n n
n n
i c i c
n n
c
k k
c
c i





+
+
1
+ +
_
+ + + + 1

, 1
]
1
+ +
+ 1
1
]
1
+ +
+ 1
1
]
1
+ +
1
]
T :

1
2
2
2
n
n
S
S

Th d 48: Chng minh rng:

3 6
1
1 ... 2 2cos
3 3
n
n n
n
C C
_
+ + + +

,
Gii:
Ta c
0 1 2
2 ...
n n
n n n n
C C C C + + + +
Xt:
3
2 2
os i sin 1
3 3
z c z

+
Ta c:
( )
( )
0 1 2 2
0 1 2 2 3 4
2 0 2 1 2 3 2 4
1 ...
...
1 ...
n
n n
n n n n
n n n n n
n
n n n n n
z C zC z C z C
C zC z C C zC
z C z C zC C z C
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
2
2
1 0
1 os i sin
3 3
1 os i sin
3 3
z z
z c
z c


+ +
+
+ +
Khi :
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 0 3 6
0 3 6
3 6
2 1 1 3 ...
2 2cos 3 ...
3
1
1 ... 2 2cos
3 3
n
n
n
n n n
n
n n n
n
n n
z z C C C
n
C C C
n
C C

+ + + + + + +
+ + + +
_
+ + + +

,
3. S phc trong vic gii h phng trnh, phng trnh
Th d 49: Gii h phng trnh:
1
3 1 2
1
1 4 2
x
x y
xy
x y

_
+

+
,
'
_

+
,

Gii:
iu kin x>0, y>0
t , u x v y h phng trnh tr thnh
2 2
1 2
1
3
1 4 2
7 1
7
u
u v
y
x y

_
+

+
,
'
_

+
,

Do
2 2
u v +
l bnh phng modul s phc z= u+ iv nn nhn phng trnh th hai vi i ri cng
vi phng trnh th nht ta c phng trnh :
( )
2 2
2 4 2
1
3 7
u iv
u iv i
u v

+ +
+
V
2 2 2
1 u iv z z
z u v
zz
z

+
nn phng trnh (1) c vit di dng
2
1 2 4 2 2 4 2
1 0
3 7 3 7
1 2 2 2
2
3 21 7
z i z i z
z
z i
_
+ + + +

,
_
_
t + t


,
,
Suy ra ( )
1 2 2 2
, ; 2
3 21 7
uv
_
t t

,
Vy h phng trnh c nghim l ( )
2
2
1 2 2 2
, ; 2
3 21 7
x y
_
_
_

t t



,
,
,
Th d 50: Gii h phng trnh:
3 2
3 2
3 1
3 3
x xy
y x y

'

Gii :
Xt s phc
( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 3
, 3 3
1 3
2 2
2 os i sin
3 3
z x iy x y R z x xy i x y y
i
c

+ +
+
_
+

,
Ta tm c 3 gi tr ca z l :

3 3 3
2 2 4 4 8 8
2 os i sin ; 2 os i sin ; 2 os i sin
9 9 9 9 9 9
c c c
_ _ _
+ + +

, , ,
Vy h phng trnh c cc nghim (x, y) l :
3 3 3 3 3
2 2 4 4 8 8
2 os 2sin ; 2 os 2sin ; os 2sin
9 9 9 9 9 9
c c c
_ _ _
+ + +

, , ,
Th d 51: Gii h phng trnh
2 2
2 2
16 11
7
11 16
1
x y
x
x y
x y
y
x y

+

'
+

Gii :
iu kin
2 2
0 x y +
t ( )
2 2
1
,
x iy
z x yi x y R
z x y

+
+
T h phng trnh ta c
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
16 11 16 11
7
16 11 7
16 11
7 7 16 11 0
2 3
5 2
x y x y
x iy i i
x y x y
x iy x iy
x iy i i
x y x y
i
z i z i z i
z
z i
z i

+ +
+ +

+ +
+ +

+ +

H phng trnh c hai nghim (x,y) l (2, -3) v (5, 2)

Th d 52: Gii h phng trnh ( )
3
10 1 3
5
,
3
1 1
5
x
x y
x y R
y
x y

_
+

+
,

'
_

+
,

Gii :
iu kin x> 0, y> 0
t ( )
5
, 0
u x
uv
v y

>
'

ta c h phng trnh
2 2
2 2
3 3
1
2
3
1 1
u
u v
v
u v

_
+

+
,
'
_

+
,

t
2 2
1 u iv
z u iv
z u v

T h phng trnh ta c
( )
2 2 2 2
2
3 3 3
1 1
2
2 3 2 2 6 0
2 2
2
2
u iv i
u v u v
z i z
z i
z i
_ _
+ +

+ +
, ,
+

Do u, v > 0 nn
2
; 1
2
u v
Vy h phng trnh c nghim (x, y) l
1
;1
10
_

,
Th d 53: Gii phng trnh
1
cos os3 os5 os7 os9
2
x c x c x c x c x + + + +
Gii :
Phng trnh ny c th gii bng cch nhn hai v vi 2sinx ( )
sinx 0
Ngoi ra c th p
dng vi s phc
( )
1
1
cos i sin cos i sin 0;2 z x x z x x x
z

1 +
]
Ta c
1
2cos z z x

+
v
2cos
n n
z z nx

+
Phng trnh c dng :
( ) ( )
3 5 7 9
3 5 7 9
2 4 18 9
20 11 9
11
11 9
9
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
1 ...
1
1
1 1 0
1
z z z z z
z z z z z
z z z z
z z z
z
z z
z
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + +

Nu
9
1 z
th
( )
9
2 2
os0 i sin0 os i sin 0;8
9 9
k k
z c z c k

+ +
Nu
11
1 z
th
( )
11
2 2
os i sin os i sin 0;10
11 11
k k
z c z c k


+ +
+ +
Do
0;2 x 1
]
nn phng trnh c nghim l
2
2 , {0,1,...,8}
9
2
x= 2 , {0,1,...,10}
11
k
x m k
k
m k

+
+
+
C KT LUN
I. KT QU
Qua qu trnh ging dy ti thy vic phn loi cc dng ton v
s phc v ng dng nh trn hc sinh nm c bi, hiu c su kin
thc. T hc sinh rn luyn c k nng gii ton, cng c k nng
gii cc bi ton v s phc v ng dng, s hc sinh am m v yu
thch mn ton ngy cng tng, nng lc t duy v k nng gii ton ca
hc sinh c nng cao, nht l hc sinh kh gii. Hc sinh d dng tip
thu kin thc v c k nng gii cc bi ton tng t, trn c s hc
sinh c th gii c cc bi ton tng hp. i vi bi kim tra cc em
trnh by cht ch logic, kt qu cao, vi kt qu nh sau :
N
m
hc
Lp
S
s
S hc sinh t im x
i
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
201
0
-201
1
12A
1
45 0 0 0 0 2 11 14 9 6 3
12A
2
46 0 0 0 0 3 8 15 9 9 2
201-
201
2
12A
1
48 0 0 0 2 11 10 12 5 6 2
12A
2
49 0 0 0 1 9 15 8 9 6 1
II. BI HC TNG KT
Qua qu trnh vn dng ti trong ging dy ti nhn thy khi
gio vin hng dn hc sinh gii ton bng cch phn loi cc dng ton
v s phc v ng dng th hc sinh nng cao c kh nng t duy v
tnh sng to trong gii ton, ng thi cng lm cho hc sinh hiu r
c vai tr v ngha ca phng php ny gii ton mt cch su
sc v c th.
III. IU KIN P DNG TI
Sng kin kinh nghim p dng cho hc sinh i tr v kh, gii.
Hc sinh yu, trung bnh nm c phng php gii vn dng gii
cc bi ton n gin. Hc sinh kh, gii trn c s nm vng phng
php ny p dng vo cc bi tp phc tp hn v t nng cao kh
nng t duy v tnh sng to ca hc sinh.
IV. HN CH CA TI
Hn ch ca ti l cha nghin cu su cc bi tp tng hp v
ng dng s phc vo hnh hc.
V. HNG TIP TC NGHIN CU V M RNG TI
nng cao cht lng hc tp ca hc sinh ti s tip tc vn dng
m rng ti cho cc bi ton tng hp v ng dng s phc vo
hnh hc p ng nhu cu hc tp ca hc sinh kh, gii.
Tin L, ngy 10 thng 5 nm 2012
Ngi thc hin
Phm Th Bch Ngc
Mc lc
A- PHN M U......................................................................................................1
I. L DO CHN TI.........................................................................................1
II. MC CH NGHIN CU.................................................................................1
III. NHIM V NGHIN CU...............................................................................1
IV. I TNG NGHIN CU.............................................................................1
V. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU........................................................................1
B PHN NI DUNG.................................................................................................1
I- C S L THUYT.............................................................................................1
1. Khi nim s phc.............................................................................................1
2. Biu din hnh hc s phc...............................................................................2
3. Php cng v php tr s phc..........................................................................2
4. Php nhn s phc.............................................................................................2
5. S phc lin hp v mun ca s phc...........................................................3
6. Php chia cho s phc khc 0............................................................................3
7. Cn bc hai ca s phc....................................................................................3
8. Phng trnh bc hai..........................................................................................3
9. Dng lng gic ca s phc............................................................................4
nh ngha 1: Cho s phc . Gi M l im trong mt phng phc biu din s
z. S o (radian) ca mi gc lng gic tia u Ox, tia cui OM c gi l
acgument ca z......................................................................................................4
10. Nhn v chia s phc di dng lng gic...................................................4
11. Cng thc Moa-vro (Moivre) v ng dng.....................................................4
II- MT S DNG TON THNG GP V S PHC...................................4
1. Tm tp hp im biu din ca s phc...........................................................4
2. Tnh m un ca s phc..................................................................................8
3. Tm s phc z tha mn h thc cho trc.....................................................12
4. Gii phng trnh trong tp hp s phc.........................................................15
5. Dng lng gic ca s phc..........................................................................16
III- NG DNG S PHC TRONG GII TON ..............................................18
1 .CHNG MINH NG THC V BT NG THC..................................18
2. Tnh tng..........................................................................................................23
3. S phc trong vic gii h phng trnh, phng trnh..................................25
C KT LUN..........................................................................................................29
I. KT QU............................................................................................................29
II. BI HC TNG KT.......................................................................................29
III. IU KIN P DNG TI................................................................29
IV. HN CH CA TI..................................................................................29
V. HNG TIP TC NGHIN CU V M RNG TI.........................29