Thnh vin nhm:

Nguyn Th Chung H Th Hoa Trn Th Hoa H Nht Huy Nguyn Vn Ton Trng Minh Tun

Nhng ni dung chnh

I) Vi khun sinh cellulose. II) Cellulose vi khun. III) Acetobacter xylinum. IV) ng dng.

I) Vi khun sinh cellulose

1) Khi nim cellulose.
L hp cht cao phn t c cu to t cc D- Glucose bng lin kt -1,4 Glucan. Cellulose c tng hp t: Thc vt (ch yu) Nm To Vi sinh vt

2) Cc loi vi khun sinh cellulose

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Enterobacter cloacae

Loi vi sinh vt

cu trc cellulose

Vai tr sinh hc

Gram

Acetobacter

-Di cellulose

gi vi khun trong mi trng hiu kh S kt bng trong nc thi

Achromobacter

Si cellulose

Aerobacter

Si cellulose

S kt bng nc thi

Agrobacterium

Si ngn

Tham gia vo m thc vt

Alcaligenes

Si cellulose

S kt bng ca nc thi

Sarcina

Cellulose d hnh

Khng r

Pseudomonas

Cc si khng tch bit

S kt bng trong nc thi

II) Cellulose vi khun

1) Cu trc:
Glucopyranose (B-1,4-glucan) Si th cp
(B rng 1,5nm)

Vi si

Mng BC (Bacterial cellulose)

Di
(chiu dy 3-4nm, chiu di 130-177nm)

B si

Cellulose

Vi khun sinh cellulose

2) Cu trc kt tinh:
Cellulose ni chung c cu trc dng tinh th.
Cellulose vi khun c to thnh bi 2 loi cu trc tinh th ring bit l cellulose I v I vi khun hm lng tinh th I ln hn I => Cu trc tinh th c coi l mt yu t quan trong vic xc nh cc tnh cht ca Cellulose.

3) Tnh cht ca Cellulose vi khun

Trong sut, cu trc mng tinh th n nh, thnh phn t l I cao. Kch thc n nh, sc cng v bn sinh hc cao. Kh nng gi nc v hp th nc cc tt, tnh xp chn lc. C tinh sch cao. B thy phn bi mt s vi sinh vt, c kh nng phc hi. Kh nng kt si, to tinh th tt. Tnh bn c tt, kh nng chu nhit tt. c tng hp mt cch trc tip, di dng mng mng, hoc si ch cc nh. C th khim sot l hc theo mong mun...

4) C ch tng hp cellulose vi khun

Glucose (fructose)

enzim

Tin cht UDP- Glucose

polimer

cellulose

Ty tng loi vi khun m s dng glucose hoc fructose trong qu trnh sinh tng hp cellulose.

5) S khc bit gia cellulose

Ni dung so snh Vi khun Thc vt Ngun sn xut Vi sinh vt Thc vt

Mc polime ha

-Thng t 2000-6000 gc -Thng t 13000-14000 glucose. gc glucose. - Tuy nhin 1 s vi khun c th t t 16000-20000 gc glucose 20 micromet 200 micromet

Kch thc

Cu trc mng tinh th Dng b s an xen ln nhau Cu trc n nh

T l cellulose I / I

Cao

Thp

Hnh (a) l cellulose vi khun. Hnh (b) l cellulose thc vt

III) Acetobacter xylinum (A. xylinum)

1) Phn loi vi khun A.xylinum.

L vi khun Gram m (-) Theo h thng phn loi ca nh khoa hc th Acetobecter xylinum thuc: Gii: Vi khun Nghnh : Proteobacteria Lp : Alpha Proteobacteria B : Rhodospirillales H : Acetobacteraceae Chi : Acetobacter Loi : Acetobecter xylinum

2) c im
a) c im hnh thi.
Kch thc : 0.3 0.6 x 1 8 micromet. C dng hnh que, thng hay hi cong. C kh nng di ng. Vi khun hiu kh. Khng sinh bo t.

b) Dinh dng v sinh sn

* Dinh dng: L vi khun d dng ha nng hu c: Ngun cacbon : ng, ru, cc acid hu c... Nng lng : thu t s oxi ha cc hp cht hu c. Ngun electron : s dng cc hp cht hu c dng kh lm cht nhn electron. * Sinh sn: Sinh sn ch yu bng cch phn i.

c) c im sinh l, sinh ha.

Oxy ha ethanol thnh acid acetic,cacbon dioxit,nc. Phn ng catalase dng tnh: to bt kh trong dch ln men. Chuyn ha glucose thnh acid gluconic. Chuyn glycerol thnh dihydroxyaceton. Tng hp cellulose...

d) Vai tr mng cellulose i vi vi khun A. xylinum.

Cung cp cht dinh dng trong iu kin thiu thc n. Gip t bo l lng ti c b mt giu kh oxy. Xc tin s hnh thnh tp on ca A. xylinum trn c cht, bo v vi khun trc nhng i th cnh tranh s dng cng c cht. C kh nng chng chu vi nhng thay i bt li ca mi trng. Gip chng nh hng gy cht ca tia UV...

3) Qu trnh sinh tng hp mng cellulose (mng BC)

Giai on polime ha.

Gm hai giai on chnh

Giai on kt tinh

a) Giai on polime ha

b) Giai on kt tinh
Hnh thnh chui glucan nh lin kt beta -1,4 glucan. Cc chui glucan lin kt vi nhau nh lin kt Van Der Waals hnh thnh nn lp chui glucan. Lp chui lin kt li vi nhau nh lin kt hydro to thnh cc si c bn gm 16 chui glucan. Cc si c bn lin kt hnh thnh b si v c phun ra ngoi mi trng.

4) Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh tng hp cenllulose.

a) Kiu nui cy:
Nui cy tnh Nui cy lin tc

b) nh hng ca cc loi ng.

- Cc loi ng m A. xylinum c th s dng: glucose, saccharose, lactose, maltose... - Tuy nhin, trong thc t sn xut ngi ta thng s dng ng saccharose do gi thnh r v nng sut cao. - Nng ng saccharose cho nng sut v cht lng cao nht l 10%.

c) nh hng ca p sut Oxy

A. xylinum l vi khun hiu kh. => Oxy nhn t quan trng cho qu trnh tng hp cellulose. p sut thch hp : 10 15% so vi iu kin p sut kh quyn. p sut thp hn : S phn nhnh cellulose nhiu p sut cao hn: S phn nhnh t hn. p sut hn ch: trn 50%.

d) nh hng ca ngun nit, PH v nhit Ngun nit: mi trng c bn l dch chit nm men v peptone vi t l tng ng 5:3. PH : Thch hp l 3,5 -7.( khong PH ti u ty tng ging). Nhit thch hp l 25-30 C, khng pht trin 37 C ngay c trong mi trng ti u.

IV) ng dng
1) Thc phm:
Thc n trng ming: thch da, cocktail,........ Cc loi bnh snack, ko c nng lng thp. Cht lm c b sung trong kem,du trn salad. Mng bao thc phm,bo qun tri cy. Cht n nh thc phm...

2) Y hc
- Cht thay th da tm thi (da nhn to) - Bt cellulose ng dng lm t dc trong bo ch vin nn. - Bng gc, bng tr bng...

3) M phm :
- n nh kem dng da, mt n dng da. - Cht lm se (astringent). - Cht lm c v lm chc trong thuc sn mng tay...

 4) Mi trng.
- L ming bt x l sch cc vt du trn. - Hp thu v loi b nhng nguyn vt liu c..