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I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN K THUT HA HC B MN HU C HA DU

TI: T HP SN XUT HYDROCACBON THM CA UOP

Nhm ti: Trng Ngc Thng 20109733 Nguyn Th Kim Ngn - 20109751 on Th Thun - 20109838 GVHD: PGS Phm Thanh Huyn

Li m u

Tnh cht k thut ch yu ca Ar

Ph ch

Ni dung

Mt s ngun ch yu sn xut Ar

Ti liu tham kho

T hp sn xut ca UOP

Kt lun

Li M u
Benzen, Toluen, Xylen, etylbenzen, cumen v mt s

Hydrocacbon thm khc c ng dng rng ri trong cng ngh tng hp ha du Cc Ar c c trng bi cu trc vng bn vng, do chng khng d dng tham gia phn ng cng cc tc nhn dng halogen v cc axit nh anken. Cc Ar rt nhy vi phn ng th electrophil vi s c mt xc tc.

S 1: Lng tiu th xylen trn ton th gii nm 1999

S 2: Lng tiu th Benzen th gii nm 2001

I.

Tnh cht k thut

Benzen lng khng mu, mi thm, d bt chy v to

hn hp n vi khng kh, tan t trong nc Toluen lng khng mu, thm, linh ng, d bt chy, tan ln trong benzen, etanol, xeton nhng tan t trong nc O-xylen v m-xylen dng lng khng mu, cn pxylen c th dng lng khng mu hoc tinh th. C 3 ng phn xylen u rt c hi v d bt chy.

Bng 1: Mt s c trng k thut ca BTX, etylbenzen v cumen [1]

Vy cc ngun chnh sn xut hp cht thm ni l cc ngun no???

II. Cc ngun sn xut chnh


Ngun t qu trnh CCR

Ngun t xng nhit phn


Ngun t cc ha than

III. T hp sn xut Ar ca UOP


S tng qut

Cc qu trnh chnh trong T hp sn xut Ar ca UOP


3.1) X l Naptha ( Naphtane Hydrotreating )

3.2) Qu trnh Reforming xc tc


3.3) Qu trnh Tatoray 3.4) Qu trnh Parex 3.5) Qu trnh Isomar

3.1. X l Naphtha
Mc ch: Loi b lu hunh v Ni-t ra khi nguyn

liu ca qu trnh reforming xc tc, trnh gy ng c xc tc Xc tc: Co-Mo/Al2O3

Cng ngh

[http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/02/naph tha-hydrotreating-unit/]

Hnh 2: S tch Naphtha sau khi x l [http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/02/naphthahydrotreating-unit/]

Chn nguyn liu l naphtha c khong nhit si t 107 1600C cho t c hiu qu thu paraxylene l ln nht.

3.2 Qu trnh Reforming xc tc


Cc phn ng chnh din ra Dehydro ha cc naphten (alkyl xyclohexan) Dehydro vng ha parafin v isoparafin Isome ha parafin thnh isoparafin Isome ha cc alkyl xyclohexan

Hydrocracking parafin, naphten v tch metan


To cc

c trng nhit ng hc ca mi phn ng l khc nhau nhng tng qut chung th y l qu trnh thu nhit v tng th tch thch hp iu kin nhit cao v p sut thp

Xc tc Bn cht xc tc Chc hydro ha/dehydro ha nh s c mt ca kim

loi Chc axit nh thnh phn v cu trc ca cht mang Xc tc thng c s dng Xc tc c cha cc oxit hay sunfit ca Cr, Mo, Ni hay W Xc tc c cha cc cc kim qu l Pt, hay Pt kt hp vi kim loi khc Cht mang l Al2O3 c cha cc hp cht halogen

Cng ngh CCR Platforming ca UOP

Hnh 3: Cng ngh CCR Platforming ca UOP [4]

3.3. Qu trnh Tatoray


S cng ngh

Hnh 4: T hp sn xut hydrocacbon thm ca UOP [3]

Qu trnh Tatoray
Cc phn ng chnh Phn b li toluen

Chuyn v alkyl

Mt s c im ca qu trnh
T l H2/Hydrocacbon dng vo thit b l 5-20. Nng hydro trong dng kh tun hon ln hn 70%

th tch. Xc tc loi T20 l dng zeolit c cha kim loi chuyn tip, ti sinh xc tc bng qu trnh t cc trong dng khng kh ngho oxy, tui th ca xc tc thng di hn 2 nm. Qu trnh c tin hnh p sut 3-4 Mpa. Nhit tng t 410 n 4700C.

Bng 4: Sn lng sn phm ti a cc iu kin ca qu trnh Tatoray

V tr trong t hp sn xut Ar

S cng ngh

Hnh 5: S cng ngh Tatoray ca UOP

3.4. Qu trnh Parex

Hnh 6: T hp sn xut hydrocacbon thm ca UOP [3]

Qu trnh Parex
UOP Parex l qu trnh s dng phng php tch vi

h hp ph zeolit sng phn t thu hi p-X t hn cc ng phn xylen Hu ht cc qu trnh Parex ngy nay c thit k sn xut p-X c tinh khit l 99,9 % khi lng v thu hi c trn 97 % lng a vo.
Qu trnh Parex m phng s chuyn ng ngc

chiu nhau ca lng lng nguyn liu so vi lp cht hp ph tc c nh. Nguyn liu v sn phm vo v ra khi lp cht hp ph mt cch lin tc vi thnh phn gn nh khng thay i. K thut ny cn i khi gi l simulated moving-bed (MBA) lp hp ph gi chuyn ng.

Ch tiu thnh phn nguyn liu [3]


Thnh phn Para Xylen min, % khi lng Etyl Benzen max, % khi lng Toluen max, % khi lng Ch tiu 18 20 0.5

Hydrocacbon C9+ max, % khi lng


Hydrocacbon khng thm max, % khi lng Nit max, mg/kg Lu hunh max, mg/kg Axit

1.5
0.3 1.0 1.0 Khng c c

S cng ngh
V tr trong t hp sn xut hp cht thm

Cng ngh UOP Parex

Hnh 7a: S cng ngh UOP Parex [3]

Hnh 7b: S UOP Parex c mt thp van quay

Hnh 8: M hnh thp hp ph vi lp cht hp ph chuyn ng

Thit b hp ph sng phn t van quay

3.5. Qu trnh Isomar

Hnh 9: T hp sn xut hydrocacbon thm ca UOP [3]

Phn xng UOP Isomar c s dng thu ti a

mt ng phn xylen no trong hn hp ng phn hydrocacbon thm C8. Mt phn xng Isomar thng thng s lun i cng vi mt phn xng thu hi mt hay nhiu ng xylen. V hu ht cc phn xng Isomar thng i cng vi phn xng Parex thu hi p-xylen.

Qu trnh Isomar
Cc phn ng chnh Phn ng isome ha Xylen

Phn ng isome ha Etyl benzen

Phn ng Dealkyl Etylbenzen

Mt s c im ca qu trnh Qu trnh c tin hnh trong dng Hydro vi t l H2/RH

l 8-10, cho php chuyn ha c etyl benzen ty thuc vo lng hydrocacbon ny c trong hn hp ban u Xc tc cho qu trnh l Pt/SiO2-Al2O3 hoc Al2O3 c hot ha bi halogen hoc hp cht cha halogen Qu trnh c tin hnh trong khong nhit t 3005000C (thng l 400-4800C) v p sut t 1-3 MPa

V tr trong t hp sn xut Ar

S cng ngh

Hnh 10: S cng ngh UOP Isomar

KT LUN
Thc t trn th gii cng ngh sn xut cc hp cht

thm ngy cng hin i v dn t ti hiu xut ti a. Ngnh cng nghip sn xut ny l ngnh cng nghip mang li nhiu li nhun vi nhu cu tiu th hng nm lun tng. Cc sn phm sn xut t hp cht thm ngy cng c nhiu ng dng rng ri trong mi mt i sng x hi. Vi Vit Nam th y l ngnh giu tim nng pht trin.

Cm n c v cc bn lng nghe

40

Ti liu tham kho


[1] Phm Thanh Huyn, Nguyn Hng Lin. Cng

ngh tng hp Hu c Ha du [2] Willey-VCH. ULLMANN'S Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry [3] Robert Meyers. Handbook of Petroleum Refining Process [4] http://www.uop.com/processingsolutions/refining/gasoline/#naphtha-reforming

Phn Ph Ch
Tch para xylene bng phng php kt tinh

Trc khi c phng php Parex, y l phng php c dng ph bin sn xut para xylen thng mi c tinh khit ln ti 95%, tuy nhin hin nay phng php ny ch ch yu s dng cho x l phn sn phm lng ca qu trnh cc ha than .

c tnh tan chy/kt tinh ca hn hp xylen

Hnh 11: Bng c tnh tan chy ca hn hp xylen [2]

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