5

T I U C H U A N Q U C G I A



TCVN 4200:2012
Xut bn In 1






T XY DUNG PHUONG PHP XC [NH
TNH NN LN TRONG PHNG TH NGHIEM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of compressibility











H NQI - 2012

5






















TCVN 4200:2012
3
Mc Ic

Li ni du ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Pham vi p dung ................................................................................................................................ 5
2 Thut ng v djnh ngha .................................................................................................................... 5
3 Quy djnh chung .................................................................................................................................. 5
4 Phuong php th .............................................................................................................................. 7
Phu luc A (tham kho) Xc djnh m dun bin dang ca dt.......................19
Phu luc B (Tham kho) Bng ghi v tnh ton kt qu th nghim nn..............20
Phu luc C (Tham kho) Th nghim c kt.......................... . 21




TCVN 4200:2012
4
Li ni du
TCVN 4200:2012 duoc chuyn di t TCVN 4200:1995 thnh Tiu
chun Quc gia theo quy djnh tai khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun
v Quy chun k thut v dim b khon 2 iu 6 Nghj djnh s
127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy djnh chi tit thi hnh
mt s diu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 4200:2012 do Vin Khoa hoc Cng ngh Xy dung- B Xy dung
bin soan, B Xy dung d nghj, Tng cuc Tiu chun o lung Cht
luong thm djnh, B Khoa hoc v Cng ngh cng b.
5
T I U C H U A N Q U C G I A TCVN 4200:2012


t xy dng - Phuong php xc d[nh tnh nn In
trong phng th nghim
Soils Laboratory methods for determination of compressibility

1 Pham vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy djnh phuong php xc djnh tnh nn ln (trong diu kin khng n hng) ca dt
loai ct v dt loai st c kt cu nguyn trang hoc khng nguyn trang, d m tu nhin hoc bo
ho nuc, trong phng th nghim dng trong xy dung.
2 Thut ng v d[nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny c s dung cc thut ng, djnh ngha sau:
2.1
Tnh nn In ca dt (Compressibility)
Kh nng gim th tch ca n (do gim d rng, biu hin su gim chiu cao) dui tc dung ca ti
trong ngoi.
3 Quy d[nh chung
3.1 Vic xc djnh tnh nn ln ca dt bao gm: xc djnh h s nn ln, chi s nn, p luc tin c kt,
modun tng bin dang, h s c kt ca dt c kt cu nguyn trang hoc ch bj, d m tu nhin
hoc hon ton bo ho nuc.
3.2 lm bo ho mu dt, nn dng nuc ct hoc nuc ung duoc. th nghim cc mu dt
c cha mui ho tan, nn dng nuc dui dt tai noi ly mu hoc bng nuc c thnh phn ho
hoc tuong tu.
3.3 Mu dt th nghim c hnh tru trn, vi t s gia dung knh v chiu cao khong 3/4. i vi
dt loai st v dt loai ct (khng ln si san), dung knh mu cho php khng nh hon 50 mm. i
vi dt c ln si san, dung knh mu khng nn nh hon 70 mm.
3.4 Ti trong tc dung ln mu theo tng cp v phi bo dm thng dng. Sai s cho php ca mi
cp p dung trong thi gian th nghim khng vuot qu 3 %.
TCVN 4200:2012
6
c th xc djnh nhng trj s ln ban du sau khi dt luc, dng tc cht ti mi cp p luc phi
duoc thuc hin nhe nhng, trnh rung v khng chm qu 3 s.
3.5 Cp ti trong ban du d th nghim mu c kt cu nguyn nn ly bng hoc nh hon p luc
bn thn tc dung ln mu dt.
Nu lp dt ly mu l dng nht v trn mc nuc ngm th p luc bn thn (o
bt
) tnh bng kilopascan
(kPa) theo cng thc (1):
o
bt
= 10
4
H
1

w
(1)
Nu lp dt ly mu nm dui muc nuc ngm, th p luc bn thn duoc tnh bng kilopascan (kPa)
theo cng thc (2):
o
bt
= 10
4
|(H - H
1
) x (
w
- 1) - H
1

w
| (2)
trong d:
H l d su ly mu, tnh bng mt (m);
H
1
l d su muc nuc ngm k t mt dt, tnh bng mt (m);

w
l khi luong th tch ca dt nm trn muc nuc ngm, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi
(g/cm
3
);
i vi dt c kt cu khng nguyn trang (ch bj) th gi trj cp ti trong ban du duoc xc djnh trn
co s d cht v trang thi ca mu.
CH THCH 1: i vi dt nn cht bnh thung, d cht (h s rng) lun lun tuong ng vi p luc bn thn ;
CH THCH 2: i vi dt nn chua dn cht th d cht nh hon, cn di vi dt nn qu cht th ln hon trj tuong ng vi
p luc bn thn.
Phuong php hop l nht xc djnh trj ti trong nn du tin l cn c vo d bn kin trc thuc t ca
dt th nghim: gi trj p luc nh nht gy ra bin dang nn ln tc thi 0,01 mm.
3.6 p luc ln nht dng d th nghim nn ln mu c kt cu nguyn trang phi ln hon t nht
15 % so vi tng p luc do cng trnh v p luc bn thn d su ly mu (hay trj d bn kin trc
thuc t ca dt), cn di vi dt khng nguyn trang th phi ln hon p luc ca cng trnh khong t
100 kPa dn 200 kPa.
3.7 Trj s cc cp p luc nn th nghim duoc xc djnh theo tnh cht ca dt v yu cu thuc t ca
cng trnh trong tng trung hop cu th. Thng thung, cp sau ln gp hai ln cp truc.
i vi dt loai st trang thi do chy v chy, s dung cc cp 10; 25; 50 ;100 v 200 kPa;
i vi st, st pha trang thi do mm v do cng dng cc cp 25; 50;100 ; 200 v 400 kPa;
i vi dt cng v na cng, dng cc cp 50; 100; 200; 400 v 800 kPa.
S luong cp p luc khng nh hon 5 cho mt mu nn.
TCVN 4200:2012
7
3.8 Mi cp p luc tc dung ln mu duoc gi cho dn khi dat n djnh bin dang nn. Trong nhng th
nghim thng thung th bin dang nn duoc xem l n djnh, nu khng vuot qu 0,01 mm trong thi
gian khng t hon 30 min di vi dt ct; 3 h di vi dt ct pha; 12 h di vi dt st pha v dt st c
chi s do I
P
< 30.
CH THCH 1: i vi st pha, nu thi gian tc dung p luc ln mu khng t hon 24 h, th c th xem l n djnh v bin dang.
i vi st c chi do I
P
> 30 v st mm yu th bin dang chi duoc coi l n djnh, nu khng vuot qu 0,01 mm trong 24 h.
CH THCH 2: uoc php dng phuong php nn nhanh trong cc trung hop sau:
a) i vi nhng cng trnh khng quan trong, khng di hi phi xc djnh chnh xc d ln v duoc su dng ca co quan
thit k;
b) t c chi s do I
P
< 30 v d st I
S
< 0,50.
Khi nn nhanh, gi cc cp ti trong du v trung gian trong 2 h; ring cp cui duoc gi dn n djnh,
nhu 4.8; sau d tin hnh hiu chinh bng phuong php thch hop.
4 Phuong php th
4.1 Thit b[, dng c v vt Iiu
4.1.1 xc djnh tnh nn ln ca mu dt trong diu kin khng c n hng, c th dng cc loai my
nn khc nhau, nhung phi bo dm cc quy djnh trong tiu chun ny.
Nhng b phn ch yu ca my nn bao gm:
- Hp nn;
- Bn my;
- B phn tng ti vi h thng cnh tay dn;
- Thit bj do bin dang.
4.1.2 Yu cu di vi cc thit bj th nghim
Hp nn phi c cc b phn hm: d kn kht ca my phi bo dm; bin dang ca my phi t nht.
Dao vng cha mu phi nhn v c dung knh trong (d) khng nh hon 70 mm v khng ln hon
dung knh trong ca ng ly mu dt; chiu cao dao vng khng nh hon 20 mm v b dy t 0,05d
dn 0,04d . T s gia chiu cao v dung knh ca dao vng khng nh hon t 1/3 dn 1/4.
CH THCH: i vi dt khng c hat th (ln hon 2 mm), dung knh trong ca dao vng duoc php khng nh hon
50 mm.
4.1.3 Khi tc dung ti trong, phi bo dm luc truyn xung tm nn theo hung thng dng v dng
tm mu. ung knh ca tm nn phi nh hon dung knh trong ca dao vng t 0,1 mm dn
0,3 mm, chiu dy ca tm nn phi dm bo cho luc truyn qua duoc ton b v phn b du trn
mt mu.
TCVN 4200:2012
8
thm phi bo dm cho nuc c th thot ra t mu hay thm vo mu mt cch d dng. Vt liu
lm d thm phi c d bin dang ring rt nh, khng dng k (chng han, hop cht silic-cacbon).
dy hp thm phi c l v lp ng d dn nuc c p luc khi lm bo ho nuc. thnh dy hoc
np hp nn cn c l thot kh v nuc.
Truc khi th nghim phi kim tra d kn kht ca hp nn, d bng phng ca bn my, su cn bng
ca b phn truyn ti. Trong qu trnh th nghim, my phi duoc gi trong diu kin yn tnh, khng
bj nh hung ca cc luc rung hoc va dp; gi my c th dt c djnh nn hay ngm cht vo
tung.
4.1.4 Mi chic my nn phi c bn hiu chinh bin dang ring. Mi nm, nn tin hnh hiu chinh
bin dang ca tng chic my v cc thng s ca dao vng t nht hai ln.
CH THCH: xc djnh bin dang ca cc b phn my, cn thay mu dt trong dao vng bng mt mu chun kim loai v
dt trn d nhng ming giy thm d lm ut, sau d, tin hnh truyn p luc theo cc cp ging nhu khi th nghim dt.
Mi cp p luc duoc gi cho dn khi hon ton khng cn bin dang trong 2 min. i vi mi chic my cn tin hnh th t
nht ba ln; ly gi trj trung bnh cng ca cc ln th lm trj s hiu chinh bin dang ring cho my d.
4.1.5 Cc dung cu khc:
- Mu chun bng kim loai;
- Dao got dt;
- Dao gat bng;
- Dung cu n mu vo dao vng;
- T sy diu chinh duoc nhit d;
- Cn k thut c d chnh xc dn 0,01 g;
- ng h do bin dang c khc vach dn 0,01 mm.
Cc dung cu d lm th nghim lp (song song) khi xc djnh d m, chi s do v khi luong ring.
4.2 Chun b[ mu
4.2.1 i vi mu dt nguyn trang, khi chun bj mu th nghim cn han ch dn mc thp nht su
tn tht luong nuc do bc hoi cng nhu cc va cham.
Sau khi ly mu vo dao vng, phi gat bng mt trn v mt dui theo mp dao. Nhng ch lm trn
mt phi duoc lp dy bng dt du ca mu (ch khng ly dt c ln si san).
Lau sach dao vng c mu dt ri cn n trn cn k thut vi d chnh xc dn 0,01 g d xc djnh
khi luong th tch v d m ca dt truc khi nn.
TCVN 4200:2012
9
4.2.2 i vi dt khng nguyn trang th ly mu trung bnh c khi luong khong 200 g t dt d
duoc nghin so b (nu gp dt m th dng tay lm toi, nht b si san v tap cht khc) d ch bj
mu v khong 10 g d xc djnh d m ban du W
1
.
Khi luong (m
o
) ca dt d m khng ch (W
o
) duoc tnh bng gam, theo cng thc (3):

1
1
x

o
o
W m
m
W
(3)
trong d:
W
0
l d m khng ch, tnh bng phn trm (%);
W
1
l d m ban du, tnh bng phn trm (%);
m
1
l khi luong ca dt ly d ch bj, tnh bng gam (g).
Nu d m ban du ca dt thp hon hoc cao hon d m khng ch, th thm nuc hoc hong kh
dt trong khng kh d mu dat duoc d m cn thit. Khi luong nuc cn thm vo hay gim di
bng hiu s ca m
1
v m
0
.
Sau khi thm nuc hay hong kh, phi nho trn dt lai cn thn.
Nhi dt vo dao vng theo d cht v d m khng ch. Khi luong dt cn thit d nhi dy vo dao
vng duoc tnh theo cng thc (4).
m J.y
wo
(4)
trong d:
m l khi luong dt cn thit d nhi dy vo dao vng, tnh bng gam (g);
J l th tch dao vng, tnh bng xentimt khi (cm
3
);
y
wo
l khi luong th tch ca dt cn khng ch d m W
0
, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi
(g/cm
3
).
Khi nhi dt vo dao vng, phi dm cht tng lp mt. Khi cn ch bj s ln mu dt c cng d cht
v d m th cho php nn dt trong ci c dung tch ln hon tng th tch tt c cc mu. nn dt
trong ci, c th dng kch hoc dung cu dm cht tiu chun.
Sau khi nhi dy dt vo dao vng, cn got phn dt tha hai du cho bng vi mp dao, ri lau sach
v cn trn cn k thut vi d chnh xc dn 0,01 g d xc djnh khi luong th tch v d m ban du
ca mu dt. m ban du duoc xc djnh bng hiu s gia khi luong dt truc v sau khi th
nghim nn.
CH THCH: C th ly dt cn tha sau khi cho vo dao vng d xc djnh d m ca dt truc khi th nghim.
TCVN 4200:2012
10
4.3 Cch tin hnh
4.3.1 Sau khi mu dt duoc chun bj xong nhu 4.2, ly hp nn ra khi bn my v lp mu vo.
Truc khi lp mu, phi bi mt lp du my hoc vadolin mt ngoi dao vng v thnh hp nn.
Trn hai mt mu dt phi dt hai t giy thm d duoc lm m truc (dt giy thm truc khi cn
mu). Mu duoc dt gia, tm d thm cng duoc thm ut truc v pha trn cng l tm nn
truyn ti trong.
4.3.2 t hp nn d lp xong mu ln bn nn, cn bng h thng tng ti bng di trong v dt hp dng
vo dim truyn luc; lp dng h do bin dang v diu chinh kim dng h d v vj tr ban du hoc v vj tr
s 0.
CH THCH: cc b phn ca my nn tip xc tt v hoat dng chnh xc khi lp dao vng v dt vo hp nn, cn phi
xoay d c su tip xc cht nht; truc khi th nghim nn tc dung ln mu dt mt p luc khong 1 x 10
3
Pa v chinh kim
dng h bin dang v vj tr ban du hoc v vj tr 0.
4.3.3 Tng ti trong v theo di bin dang ca mu
Tng ti trong ln mu dt theo chi dn 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 v 3.8.
Theo di bin dang nn trn dng h bin dang dui mi cp ti trong ngay sau 15 s tng ti. Khong
thi gian doc bin dang nn ln sau duoc ly gp di so vi ln doc truc: 15 s; 30 s; 1 min; 2 min;
4 min; 8 min; 15 min; 30 min, 1 h; 2 h; 3 h; 6 h; 12 h v 24 h k t lc bt du th nghim cho dn khi n
djnh quy uc theo 3.8.
Khi khng cn do tc d ln, th c th doc bin dang nn ng vi mi cp ti trong cc thi dim 10
min; 20 min; 30 min, 1 h; 2 h; 3 h v 4 h cho dn khi dat n djnh quy uc.
4.3.4 Ti trong cn thit d tc dung ln mu mi p luc, duoc tnh bng niuton (N) theo cng thc
(5) sau
o x -

c
F m
p
f
(5)
trong d:
m
c
l trong luong ca tm nn, hn bi v vin d thm trn mu, tnh bng niuton (N);
F l din tch mu, tnh bng mt vung (m
2
);
l p luc tc dung ln mu, tnh bng pascan (Pa);
f l t l cnh tay dn ca h thng truyn luc.
4.3.5 Nu cn lm bo ho mu th d nuc theo ng dn qua d hp nn, cho thm dn t dui ln
v gi trong khong thi gian khng t hon 10 min di vi ct; 6 h di vi ct pha v st pha c chi s
do I
P
khng ln hon 12; 12 h di vi st pha c I
P
ln hon 12 v st c I
P
khng ln hon 22; 24 h di
vi st c I
P
t 22 dn 35; 48 h di vi st c I
P
ln hon 35.
TCVN 4200:2012
11
Trong thi gian bo ho, phi hm khng cho dt n v theo di s doc dng h do bin dang. Nu
kim dng h do bin dang djch chuyn th chng t mu bj n; lc d phi chinh lai vt hm d dua kim
tr lai vj tr ban du truc khi lm m mu.
Dng bng ut ph ln mu d khi bj kh. Nu mu trong tu nhin l bo ho nuc, th d thm
nuc cho ngp mu.
4.3.6 Sau khi d dat n djnh ln cp cui cng th thm v ht ht nuc trong hp nn, d ti trong
trn gi treo, nng h thng truyn luc ln, ly hp nn ra, nhc tm truyn luc v d thm bn trn
mu dt, sau d ly dao vng c dt ra khi hp nn.
4.3.7 Xc djnh khi luong th tch v d m ca mu dt sau khi nn: dng vi hoc giy thm kh lau
sach nuc; dem cn dao vng c dt m v do th tch ca mu dt, sau d sy kh ton b mu
(gm c dao vng, dt v giy thm); dem cn lai trn cn k thut vi d chnh xc ti 0,01 g d tm
khi luong kh.
m v khi luong th tch duoc xc djnh bng phuong php cn.
4.3.8 Nu cn xc djnh bin dang khi phuc ca dt, phi doi cho dn khi su ln ca mu dt dui ti
trong d ngng hn mi bt du d ti ln luot tng cp cho dn cp cui cng, v ly s doc trn
dng h do bin dang. Khi chi quan tm dn bin dang khi phuc cui cng, khng nht thit phi d
ti ln luot tng cp; c th d mi ln hai cp. Nu c yu cu, c th d ti mt cp no d, ri lai
tng tip, hoc tng v d ti theo mt s chu k. Thi gian theo di bin dang khi phuc ca dt ct
pha v st pha duoc php gim bt hai ln so vi lc tng ti. i vi dt st th tiu chun n djnh v
bin dang khi phuc cng duoc ly nhu bin dang nn ln.
4.3.9 Sau khi d d ht cp cui cng v bin dang khi phuc d n djnh, ly dao vng c dt ra khi
my nn. Th nghim xong, phi kim tra v bi tron du m tt c cc chi tit ca my d chng gi.
CH THCH: Cc trj hiu chinh bin dang ca my nn chi c gi trj cho tng chic cu th, vi cng loai giy thm, cng diu
kin cht v d ti hon ton ging nhu khi th nghim. Bin dang thuc t ca mu dt ng vi mi cp ti bng hiu s gia
tng bin dang ghi duoc khi th nghim v bin dang ring tuong ng ca tng my (cc trj hiu chinh theo 4.1.4).
4.3.10 Khi cn xc djnh d ln ut tuong di ca dt (ln do tm ut, ln sp) th sau khi n djnh d
ln dui p luc bng tng ti trong cng trnh v p luc bn thn ca ct dt mt d su no d, tin
hnh tm ut mu v theo di d ln do bj bo ho nuc. Tip d, lai tng ti thm tng cp cho dn
trj b sung cui cng t 100 kPa dn 300 kPa (ty yu cu). Luong bin di chiu cao (d ln) ca
mu dt cp ti trong truc v sau khi tm ut phi duoc theo di v ghi chp dy d.
4.4 Biu thj kt qu
4.4.1 Tnh ton cc dc trung vt l ca dt
m truc khi th nghim (W
0
) duoc tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc (6):
TCVN 4200:2012
12

1 3
3
-
x100
-
o
d
m m
W
m m
(6)
m sau khi th nghim (W
k
) duoc tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc (7):

2 3
3
-
x100
-
k
d
m m
W
m m
(7)
Khi luong th tch truc khi th nghim (
o
), duoc tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm
3
), theo
cng thc (8):

1
-

d
o
m m
J
(8)
Khi luong th tch sau khi thi th nghim (
k
) duoc tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm
3
), theo
cng thc (9):

2
-

d
k
m m
J
(9)
H s rng ban du ca dt (e
0
) duoc tnh theo cng thc (10):

(10, 01 )
-1

o
o
o
p W
e (10)
Mc d bo ho nuc truc khi th nghim (G
0
) duoc tnh bng phn trm, theo cng thc:

0
x
x100
x100
o
o
W p
G
e
(11)
trong d:
m
d
l khi luong dao vng, tnh bng gam (g);
m
1
l khi luong dao vng c dt truc khi th nghim, tnh bng gam (g);
m
2
l khi luong dao vng c dt sau khi th nghim, tnh bng gam (g);
m
3
l khi luong dao vng c dt sau khi sy kh, tnh bng gam (g);
p l khi luong ring ca dt, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm
3
);
J l th tch dao vng, tnh bng xentimt khi (cm
3
).
4.4.2 Xc djnh bin dang ca mu (Ah
n
) trong qu trnh th nghim cp ti trong th n theo cng thc
(12):
Ah
n
r
n
- r
0
- AM
n
(12)
trong d:
TCVN 4200:2012
13
Ah
n
l bin dang ca mu dt cp ti trong th n, tnh bng milimt (mm);
AM
n
l bin dang ca my cp ti trong th n, tnh bng milimt (mm);
r
0
l bin dang ban du dng h do bin dang, tnh bng milimt (mm);
r
n
l bin dang cp ti trong th n dng h do khi d n djnh bin dang nn ca mu dt,
tnh bng milimt (mm).
4.4.3 Tnh ton su thay di ca h s rng (Ae
n
) di vi mi p luc theo cng thc (13):
A
A
(1 )
n
n o
o
h
e e
h
(13)
v h s rng (e
n
) ng vi cp p luc d theo cng thc (14):
e
n
e
0
- Ae
n
(14)
i vi cp p luc cui cng, tuong ng c:

A
(1 )
k
k o
o
h
e e
h
(15)
v
e
k
e
0
- Ae
k
(16)
trong d:
h
0
l chiu cao mu dt truc khi th nghim, tnh bng milimt (mm);
e
0
l h s rng ca dt truc khi th nghim;
h
n
l bin dang ca mu dt dui cp p luc th n, tnh bng milimt (mm);
e
k
l h s rng ca dt ng vi cp p luc cui cng;
Ae
k
l luong bin di (gim) h s rng ng vi cp p luc cui cng;
Ah
k
l bin dang ca mu dt dui cp p luc cui cng, tnh bng milimt (mm).
4.4.4 Tnh ton h s rng cp p luc cui cng theo d m v khi luong th tch ca mu sau khi
th nghim.
Trung hop th nghim mu dt d m tu nhin hoc d m khng ch, theo cng thc (17):

px(10, 01 )
' -1

k
k
k
W
e (17)
trong d:
e
k
l h s rng ca mu sau khi th nghim;
TCVN 4200:2012
14
W
k
l d m ca mu dt sau khi th nghim, tnh bng phn trm (%);

k
l khi luong th tch ca mu sau khi th nghim, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm
3
);
p l khi luong ring ca dt, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm
3
).
Trung hop th nghim mu dt hon ton bo ho nuc, tnh theo cng thc (18):
' 0, 01x p x
k k
e W (18)
4.4.5 So snh gi trj cui cng ca h s rng tnh theo bin dang (e
k
) vi gi trj ca h s rng tnh
theo d m v khi luong th tch ca mu sau khi th nghim (e
k
).
Nu sai s gia e
k
v e
k
nm trong khong 5 % (xem trj s e
k
l 100 %) th c th tin hnh v
dung cong nn ln t cc gi trj tnh ton theo bin dang ca mu.
Nu sai s gia chng ln hon 5 % th hoc phi lm lai th nghim, hoc v dung cong nn ln t
cc h s rng theo d m v d cht truc v sau khi th nghim, cn cc h s rng trung gian duoc
xc djnh theo cng thc (19):

' u x
n n
e e
(19)
trong d:
u l h s hiu chinh, duoc tnh bng cng thc (20):

'
u
n
n
e
e
(20)
e
n
l h s rng cp trung gian th n d hiu chinh;
e
n
l h s rng cp trung gian th n tnh theo bin dang.
4.4.6 V dung nn ln
Lp lin h gia su bin di trj h s rng (e) v p luc thng dng (o) duoc goi l dung nn ln
(Hnh 1). Thng thung, trn truc honh dt cc gi trj p luc (o) theo t l t 1 cm cho 20 KPa dn
1 cm cho 50 kPa; trn truc tung dt cc gi trj h s rng tuong ng (e) theo t l t 1 cm cho 0,01 dn
1 cm cho 0,05.
4.4.7 Sau khi hiu chinh v v dung nn ln, xc djnh h s nn ln (a) duoc tnh bng mt trn
pascan (Pa
-1
), theo cng thc (21):

-1
-1,
-1
-

o -o
n n
n n
n n
e e
a
(21)
trong d:
e
n-1
l h s rng cp ti trong th n - 1;
TCVN 4200:2012
15
e
n
l h s rng cp ti trong th n;
o
n-1
l p luc nn thng dng cp th n - 1, tnh bng kilopascan (kPa);
o
n
l p luc nn thng dng cp th n, tnh bng kilopascan (kPa).
Kt qu tnh ton duoc biu din vi d chnh xc dn 1x 10
-5
kPa
-1

4.4.8 Trj s modun tng bin dang E
n-1,n
theo kt qu th nghim nn khng n hng duoc tnh bng
kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (22):

-1
-1,
-1,
1

n
n n
n n
e
E
a
(22)
chuyn sang trang thi ng sut bin dang c n hng, phi xt ti h s (c quan h vi h s n
hng n v h s p luc hng ). Sau khi hiu chinh cho , cn nhn vi h s m
k
, tham kho Phu luc A, d
c mdun tng bin dang tuong ng vi khi th nghim bng tm nn tai hin trung.
4.4.9 Khi cn tnh ton d ln ca cng trnh theo thi gian, phi tin hnh x l s liu th nghim theo
phuong php ring.
T cc kt qu do bin dang nn ln ca mu dt dui mi cp p luc cc thi gian khc nhau, v
dung c kt trong toa d bin dang nn (Ah, mm) v cn s bc hai ca thi gian ( t , min) theo
phuong php D.Taylor (Hnh 1). Ko di doan thng ln pha trn, cho ct truc tung tai dim A; dim
ny duoc xem l dim gc ca giai doan c kt thm, ng vi mc d c kt = 0 theo l thuyt. T
dim A v dung th hai c honh d moi dim du bng 1,15 honh d ca cc dim tuong ng trn
dung thng th nht. im B, giao dim gia dung thng th hai v dung cong, l dim ng vi
mc d c kt thm = 90 % (Hnh 1). im kt thc ca c kt thm ( = 100 %) duoc xc djnh
theo phuong php A. Casagrande: lp biu d lin h Ah lgt (Hnh 2). iao dim ca phn dui
dung c kt thm (duoc coi l thng) vi doan thng ng vi c kt th cp (ro ca ct dt) s ng
vi thi dim t
100
. Sau khi xc djnh duoc t
0
v t
100
, c th suy ra cc thi dim ng vi mc d c kt
bt k, chng han t
50
, t
80
,.; di chiu vi t
90
d xc djnh duoc theo phuong php D.Taylor. H s c
kt (C
v
) duoc tnh bng mt vung trn giy (m
2
/s), theo cng thc (23):

2
90
0,848x(0, 5x )

x60
v
H
C
t
x10
-4
(23)
trong d:
0,848 l yu t thi gian (thung vn duoc k hiu l t
90
) ng vi mc d c kt thm 90 %;
H l chiu cao ca mu, tnh bng xentimt (cm);
t
90
l thi gian ng vi 90 % c kt thm, xc djnh theo phuong php t (phuong php
D.Taylor), tnh bng pht (min).
TCVN 4200:2012
16
H s thm ca dt dui mi cp p luc (K
p
) duoc tnh bng mt trn giy (m/s), theo cng thc (24):

xp x

1
v n
p
tb
C a
K
e
x10
7
(24)
trong d:
p
n
l khi luong ring ca nuc, tnh bng gam trn xentimt khi (g/cm
3
);
C
v
l h s c kt, tnh bng mt vung trn giy (m
2
/s);
a l h s nn ln ca dt trong khong p luc th nghim,tnh bng mt trn kilopascan(kPa
-1
);
e
tb
l h s rng trung bnh trong khong p luc th nghim duoc tnh theo cng thc (25):

-1

2
n n
tb
e e
e (25)
4.4.10 Km theo cc kt qu xc djnh phi ghi phuong php th nghim v cc tnh cht dc bit ca
dt.
4.4.11 C th tin hnh ghi chp v trnh by kt qu th nghim theo phuong php khc: cn c vo
s liu gc, ln luot lp cc biu d lin h gia phn trm nn ln vi ti trong; gia h s rng (t l
khe h) vi logarit ti trong; gia luong ln cng dn vi logarit thi gian cho tng gi trj ti trong. T
d xc djnh duoc thi gian bt du c kt thm t
0
v bin dang tuong ng d
0
; thi gian kt thc c kt
thm t
100
v bin dang tuong ng d
100
, thi gian dat mc d c kt 50 %, tc t
50
,.

TCVN 4200:2012
17


Hnh 1 - ung cong c kt.
Phuong php xc d[nh dim c d c kt U = 90 %


CH DN:
a) Bt du c kt thm
b) Kt thc c kt thm
Hnh 2 - Xc d[nh giai doan c kt thm ca dt bo ha nuc


TCVN 4200:2012
18
4.5 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim phi c cc thng tin sau:
a) M t loai dt th nghim;
b) i trj d m tu nhin, khi luong th tch, khi luong ring ca dt;
c) Mu duoc nn trang thi bo ha hay trang thi tu nhin;
d) m truc v sau nn;
d) Phuong php nn: nn nhanh hoc nn chm;
e) Phuong php xc djnh h s c kt;
) Kch thuc mu th nghim;
h) Biu d quan h gia h s rng v p luc nn (d ti nu c);
g) Biu d quan h ln theo thi gian ng vi tng cp p luc (nu c);
i) Cc thng s dc trung cho tnh nn ln.
TCVN 4200:2012
19
Ph Ic A
(Tham kho)
Xc d[nh mdun bin dang ca dt
Kt qu th nghim nn mt truc duoc tng hop theo tng don nguyn dja cht cng trnh d duoc
phn chia. Thnh lp biu d phn tn biu thj quan h h s rng e vi cc cp p luc khc nhau. Sau
d tnh gi trj trung bnh h s rng e cho mi cp p luc nhung vi diu kin bt buc l s luong cc
gi trj h s rng e phi nhu nhau cho tng cp p luc.
Mdun bin dang (E) cho quan h tuyn tnh duoc tnh bng kilopascan (kPa) theo cng thc (A.1):

0
1
..
k
e
E m
a
(A.1)
trong d:
0
e l h s rng ca dt;
l h s phu thuc vo h s bin dang ngang v duoc ly theo tng loai dt:
ct = 0,80; ct pha = 0,74;
st = 0,40; st pha = 0,62;
a l h s nn ln;
m
k
l h s chuyn di mdun bin dang trong phng theo mdun bin dang xc djnh bng
phuong php nn ti trong tnh.
i vi cng trnh nh v va (cp V), khi khng c kt qu th nghim nn ti trong tnh th h s
m
k
duoc ly theo bng dui dy di vi loai dt st c ngun gc bi tch, sun tch c chi s st
0, 75
S
I .
Loai dt
Trj s ca cc h s m
k
khi h s rng e bng
0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95 1.05
Ct pha 4.0 4.0 3.5 2.0 2.0 - -
St pha 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0
St - - 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.5
CH THCH: vi nhng gi trj trung gian ca e, cho php xc djnh m
k
bng ni suy.



TCVN 4200:2012
20
Ph Ic B
(Tham kho)
Bng ghi v tnh ton kt qu th nghim nn

Tn cng trnh: Phuong php th nghim:
S th nghim: Loai my nn:
S hiu h khoan (h do): S hiu my nn:
S hiu mu dt: Kt cu mu dt: nguyn trang
su ly mu: H s rng tu nhin (ban du)e
0
= 0,975
hi ch mu dt: Ngy th nghim:
Ngui th nghim: Ngui kim tra:

PHN H TH NHM NN

Bin dang ca mu dt theo thi gian, ng vi cp p luc nn o (10
5
xPa)

Thi gian doc nn Thi dim S doc Thi dim S doc Thi dim S doc Thi dim S doc Thi dim S doc
01 min 47,0 103,0 140,0 170,0
10 min 64,0
30 min
1,0 h
2,0 h 87,0 130,0 161,0 186,0
24,0h 189,0

PHN TNH TN KT Q
Cc gi tr[ tnh ton
p Ic Nn
(10
5
xPa)
0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Bin dang tng cng sau
2 h (x 0,01 mm)
87,0 130,0 161,0 186,0
Bin dang tng cng sau
24 h (x 0,01 mm)
189,0
Bin dang ca my (x
0,01 mm)
8,7 14,3 18,2 20,8
Ah sau 2 h (x0,01 mm) 78,3 115,7 142,8 165,2
Ah sau 24 h (x0,01 mm) 168,2
0
A
A (1 )
n
n
o
h
e e
h

0,079 0,116 0,144 0,166
en = e0 - Aen 0,896 0,859 0,831 0,809
H s nn
-1
-1
-

o -o
n n
n
n n
e e
a
0,079 0,037 0,028 0,022
BIEU NN
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
p luc nn ( x10
5
Pa)
H

n
g
,
e
TCVN 4200:2012
21
Ph Ic C
(Tham kho)
Th nghim c kt
Cng trnh: .........................................................................
ja dim:............................................................................
su: ..............................................................................

Cc chi tiu
Truc khi th nghim
Sau khi th
nghim
T nhin Sau B/H
Luong ngm
nuc, %
40,8
Dung trong ut,
g/cm
3

1,72
Dung trong kh,
g/cm
3

1,22
T trong, g/cm
3
2,67
T l khe h 1,186

p luc nn (10
5
xPa)

0.25 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0
S doc ban du mm d
i
0 0,825 1,340 1,960 2,660
S hiu chinh my mm a
c
0,050 0,070 0,095 0,120 0,150
S doc ban du d hiu chinh mm d
c
0,050 0,845 1,365 1,985 2,690
im khng d hiu chinh mm d
0
0,460 0,900 1,440 2,050 2,880
S doc cui mm d
f
0,825 1,840 1,960 2,660 3,605
im 100 % c kt mm d
100
0,810 1,320 1,940 2,640 3,580
Thi gian ng vi d50 t
50
3 3 4 4 3
Chiu cao mu truc gai ti mm H
i
20,000 19,225 18,730 18,135 17,460
Thay di chiu cao mm AH 0,775 0.495 0,595 0,675 0,915
Chiu cao cui cng mm H
p
19,225 18,730 18,135 17,460 16,545

Thay di chiu cao cui cng mm AH
t
0,775 1,270 1,865 2,540 3,455
H s c kt x 10
-8
m
2
/s C
v
10,11 9,60 6,75 6,25 7,49
Phn trm nn ln % e 3,9 6,3 9,3 12,7 1,73
Thay di t l, khe h Ae 0,085 0,059 0,065 0,074 0,100
T l khe h (H s rng) e 1,186 1,101 1,047 0,982 0,908 0,808
Modun nn khng n hng (10
5
xPa) E 6.4 4. 15.7 26.8 38.2
Chi s nn C
c
0,179 0,216 0,246 0,332
H s nn ln 10
-5
Pa
-1
a
v
0,34 0,216 0,130 0,074 0,050
p luc tin c kt (Pa)

c


H s thm c kt m/s K
v


S hiu mu X11
Kt cu mu
S hiu my th nghim
S hiu dao vng 28

Chiu cao ct dt, mm 9,15
Phuong php th nghim
iu kin th nghim
Ngy th nghim
Ngui th nghim
Ngui tnh v
Ngui kim tra
TCVN 4200:2012
22
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
p luc nn ( x10
5
Pa)
P
h

n

t
r

m

n

n

l

n
,

%

Hnh C.1- Tuong quan gia tnh nn In v p Ic nn
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
0.1 1 10
p luc nn, x10
5
Pa
H

n
g

Hnh C.2- Tuong quan gia h s rng v p Ic nn

TCVN 4200:2012
23
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Thi gian (pht)
L
u
o
n
g

l

n

c

n
g

d

n

(
m
m
)

Hnh C.3- Lung In cng dn
Bng C.1- Cc tr[ s

10
5
Pa 0.25 0.50 1.0 2.0 4.0

mm 0,460 0,900 1,440 2,050 2,880

mm 0,810 1,320 1,940 2,640 3,580

mm

min 3 3 4 4 3

mm