A Tu

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.
Phn I
LA CHN DY CHUYN CNG NGH
I. Xc nh cc ch tiu cn li trong nhim v thit k.
1. Tng hm lng mui ha tan.
Xc nh da vo cng thc sau:
P = Me + + Ae + 1,4 Fe 2+ + 0,5 HCO3 + 0,13 SiO32
Trong :
+ Me : Tng cc ion dng c trong nc ngun, tr Fe2+
+
Me
] [
] [
] [
= Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ + Na + + NH 4+ = 60,12 +12,16 + 23 +1,2 = 96,48 ( mg / l )
Ae : Tng cc ion m c trong nc ngun, tr HCO3- v SiO32
Ae =[ SO ] + [Cl ] + [ NO ] + [ NO ] = 57 + 45 + 1 + 0,8 = 103,8
2
4
P =96,48 +103,8 +1,4.0,22 +0,5.185 +0,13.0,5 =293,153
(mg / l )
( mg / l )
Vy tng
hm lng mui ha tan l 293,153 (mg/l)

2. Hm lng CO2 ha tan trong nc ngun.
c xc nh theo biu Langelier, t cc gi tr cho bit:
+ kim ton phn Ki = 3,03 (mgl/l)
+ Hm lng mui ha tan P = 293,153 (mg/l)

+ pH = 7,5
+ Nhit nc ngun t0 = 21 (0C)
[CO2] = 9,3 (mg/l)

3. Xc nh v kim tra kim ton phn v cng.
- kim ton phn:
KiTP = [OH-] + [HCO3-] + [CO32-] (mgl/l)
V pH = 7,5 [OH-] rt nh coi nh bng 0
Mt khc, ta c pH = 7,5 < 8,4 trong nc c CO2 v HCO3-, khng c
CO32-, nn [CO32-] = 0
KiTP = 0 + 185/61 +0 = 0,03 (mgl/l)

- cng ton phn:
CTP =
[Ca 2+ ] [ Mg 2+ ] 60,12
+
= 20,04
20,04
12,16
12,16
+ 12,16 = 4 (mgl/l)
- cng Cacbonat:
Ck =
[ HCO3 ] 185
=
= 3,03 (mgl/l)
61
61
KiTP, CTP, Ck s liu tnh ton c xc nh ng.
II. nh gi cht lng nc ngun.

Da vo quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung (QCVN 01:
2009/BYT)
1. Ch s Pecmanganat = 2 (mg/l )
2. Hm lng St tng s (Fe2+ + Fe3+) = 0,3 (mg/l)
3. Hm lng Hydro sunfur = 0,05 (mg/l)
4. Coliform tng s = 0 (vi khun/100ml)
- So snh vi quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung (QCVN 01:
2009/BYT), ta thy cc ch tiu nh: mu, oxy ha, hm lng cn l lng,
hm lng cc hp cht cha nit, hydro sunfur, ch s Coliform ln cn phi
c x l.

- V nc ngun c cha hm lng cc hp cht cha nit: NH 4+, NO3-, NO2-, v
H2S. Do cn phi tin hnh clo ha s b trc khi a nc vo cng trnh x
l.
+ oxy ha pemanganat = 13 > 0,15.Fe 2+ + 3 = 0,15.0,22+3 = 3,033 nn
phi kh bng clo.
+ Hm lng cn v mu ln hn ch tiu cho php ca cht lng nc cp
cho sinh hot nn phi lm trong nc v kh mu bng phn hoc than antraxit.
+ cng ton phn ca nc CTP = 4 (mgl/l), khi cho phn vo th cng s
gim, do khng cn tnh.
+ pH = 7,5 tha mn iu kin 6,5 n 8,5 t quy chun.
+ Hm lng cn l lng ln nn dng phn nhm Al2(SO4)3 keo t.
+ Cc ch tiu Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ nm trong gii hn cho php.
+Ch s Coliform tng s = 1200 ln hn gii hn cho php nn cn x l bng
clo.
III. S dy chuyn x l.
- Cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn dy chuyn x l:
+ Loi ngun nc x l v cht lng ngun nc.
+ Yu cu cht lng ngun nc ca i tng s dng
- So snh cht lng nc ngun vi yu cu cp nc c bin php x l
+ iu kin kinh t k thut.
+ iu kin a phng.
T nhng iu kin phn tch trn, ta chn s dy chuyn cng ngh x l

nc mt cho trm c cng sut Q = 8500 (m3/ng.)
Clo ha s
b
Nc ngun
B trn
ng
Kh
trng
Clo
Phn+
vi
Thit k dy chuyn cng ngh
B p/u vch
ngng
B Lng
ngang
B lc
nhanh
BCNS
IV. Xc nh liu lng ha cht a vo nc.

1. Xc nh lng clo ha s b.
- Lng clo kh NH4+, NO2-:
LCl = 6NH4+ + 1,5NO2- +3 = 6.1,2 + 1,5.1 +3 = 11,7 (mg/l)
- Lng clo oxy ha khi [O2] > 0,5 . [Fe2+] + 3.
LCl = 0,5[O2] = 0,5.13 = 6,5 (mg/l)
- Lng clo kh H2S: theo tiu chun (TCXD 33 : 2006, phc lc 11, trang 227,
c quy nh: 2,1mg Clo th kh c 1 mg H 2S. Vy kh 0,16 mg/l H2S, th cn
lng Clo l:
LCl = 2,1[H2S] = 2,1.0,16 = 0,336 (mg/l)
LCl = 18,6 (mg/l)

2. Xc nh liu lng phn Lp.
* Loi phn c s dng l phn nhm Al 2(SO4)3 kh. Mc ch l x l nc
c (c trng bi hm lng cn l lng), mu.
- Liu lng phn dng x l nc c xc nh theo hm lng cn l lng,
(tra theo: TCXDVN 33 : 2006, Bng 6.3. Liu lng phn x l nc, trang
42,43)
Vi hm lng cn l lng ban u Cmax = 680 (mg/l), tra bng v ni suy ta c:
LPtr = 53,97 (mg/l)
- Liu lng phn x l mu ca nc c xc nh theo mu M:
Lttp = 4 M = 4 30 = 21,91
(mg/l)
So snh ta thy LPtr > Lptt nn ta ly Lp = 53,97 (mg/l) x l

* Kim tra kim ca nc theo yu cu keo t:

Khi cho phn vo nc, pH gim. i vi phn nhm, gi tr pH thch hp
qu trnh keo t xy ra t hiu qu t 5,5 7,5.
Gi s, cn kim ha nc nng pH ln gi tr ph hp vi yu cu x l,
lng kim c tnh:
Lp
100
Lk = ek .
K i 0 + 1.
(mg/l)
eP
C
Trong :
+ Lp: liu lng phn a vo trong nc = 53,97 (mg/l)
+ ep: ng lng phn, phn Al2(SO4)3 = 57 (mgl/l)
+ ek: ng lng ca cht kim ha chn l CaO = 28 (mgl/l)
+ Kio: kim ca nc ngun = 3,03 (mgl/l)
+ C: nng CaO t l cht kim ha nguyn cht c trong sn phm CaO l 80%
+ 1: kim d phng ca nc (mgl/l)
53,97
100
Lk = 28
3,03 + 1
= 37,91 <0
57
80
kim ca nc m bo keo t, khng cn phi kim ha.
V. Xc nh cc ch tiu c bn ca nc sau khi x l.

Sau khi dng phn x l nc m khng cn kim ha, nc sau x l c pH,
Ki, gim, CO2 v hm lng cn l lng tng.
1. Xc nh kim Ki*.
K i* = K io
Lp
ep
(mgl/l)
Trong :
+ Kio = 3,03 (mgl/l): l kim ca nc ngun.

+ Lp = 53,97 (mgl/l): liu lng phn a vo x l nc.
+ ep = 57 (mgl/l): ng lng phn.
K i* = 3,03
53,97
= 2,08 (mgl/l)
57
2. Xc nh hm lng CO2.
CO2* = CO20 + 44.
Lp
ep
= 9,3 + 44
53,97
= 50,96 (mg/l)
57
3. Xc nh pH*.
c xc nh theo biu Langelier, t cc gi tr cho bit:
+ kim ton phn Ki* = 2,08 (mgl/l)
+ Hm lng mui ha tan P = 293,153 (mg/l)
+ Hm lng CO2* = 50,96 (mg/l)
+ Nhit nc ngun t0 = 21 (0C)
pH* = 6,59
4. Xc nh pH trng thi cn bng bo ha (pHs).

Xc nh theo hm s sau:
pH s = f 1 (t o ) f 2 (Ca 2+ ) f 3 ( K i* ) + f 4 ( P)
+ to = 21 (oC), tra biu ta c f1(to) = 2,08

+ Ca2+ = 60,12 (mg/l). tra biu ta c f2(Ca2+) = 1,69
+ Ki* = 2,08 (mgl/l), tra biu ta c f3(K*i) = 1,32
+ P = 293,153 (mg/l), tra biu ta c f4(P) = 8,835
pHs = 2,08 -1,69 - 1,32 + 8,835 = 7,905
5. Kim tra n nh ca nc sau khi keo t.

Ch s n nh ca nc:
I = pH* - pHs = 6,59 7,905 = - 1,315 < 0
Nc c tnh xm thc, cn phi n nh nc bng vi. Hm lng vi c
tnh theo hm lng CaO trong trng hp pH*<pHs<8,4 l:

L v = ev ..K i* .
100
(mg/l)
Cv
Trong :

+ ev = 28 (mgl/l): l ng lng vi CaO.
+ : h s ph thuc pH* v I, tra biu ta c = 0,6
+ Ki* = 2,08 (mgl/l): kim ca nc sau khi x l.
+ Cv = 80%: tinh khit ca CaO
Lv = 28.0,6.2,08.
100
80
= 43,68 (mg/l)
* Kim tra xem ta c thm Sa vo hay khng:

Ta c
[ CO2 ]
d K = 0,7
+ K ,
22
mgl/l
Trong :
+ [ CO2 ] : Nng CO2 sau khi x l, [ CO2 ] = 50,96 mg/l
+ K: kim nc sau khi x l, k = 2,08 mgl/l
d K = 0,7
50,96
+ 2,08 = 3,7 mgl/l = 129,5 mg/l
22
Vy: DK = 43,68 < dk = 129,5 X l n nh nc bng vi, khng dng thm

S a.
6. Hm lng cn ln nht sau khi x l.
Cmax* = Cmaxo + K.
Lp
ep
+ 0,25M + Lv
Trong : K: sch ca phn, vi phn loi B, K = 1

Cmax* = 680 + 1.
53,97
+ 0,25 + 43,68 = 724,88 (mg/l)
57
Phn II
TNH TON CU TO CC CNG TRNH
TRONG DY CHUYN X L
1. B ha trn phn.
C nhim v ha tan phn v lng cn bn. i vi trm x l c cng sut t
5000 20000 (m3/ng.) c th ha trn phn trong b bng my khuy hoc bm
tun hon. Trong dy chuyn cng ngh ny ta chn b trn phn khuy trn bng
c kh. B c xy dng bng gch v hnh trn. B ny va lm nhim v ha
trn phn v va lm b tiu th
Hnh 1. B ha trn phn

* Dung tch b ha trn tnh theo cng thc (6-3), TCXDVN 33 : 2006, trang
46:

W1 =
q.n. p
(m3)
10000.bb .
Trong :
+ q = 8500 (m3/ng.) = 351,16 (m3/h): Lu lng nc x l.
+ p = 53,97 (mg/l) = 53,97 (g/m3): Liu lng ha cht (phn) d tnh cho vo
nc.
+ n: S gi gia 2 ln ha tan (pha ch) i vi trm c cng sut: 1200 10000
(m3/ng.) th n = 12 (h).
+ bb: Nng dung dch ha cht trong thng ha trn tnh bng %, ly theo
TCXDVN 33 : 2006 , mc 6.20, trang 47, ta chn bb = 10 %
+ = 1 (T/m3) Khi lng ring ca dung dch ( y l nc).
W1 =
354,16.12.53,97
= 2,294 (m3)
10000.10.1
Chn 2 b ha trn, mt b cng tc v mt b d phng.

Kch thc mi b: ng knh b d = 1 (m), chiu cao b h = 1,5 (m)
La chn my khuy cho b ha trn phn:
S vng quay ca cnh qut ly theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006 , mc 6.22,

trang 47, ta chn n = 30 (vng/pht)
Chiu di cnh qut khuy tnh t trc quay ly bng 0,4
ca b, ta chon l = 0,4 . 1 = 0,4 (m)
0,45 b rng
Din tch bn cnh khuy ly bng 0,1 0,2 (m2/1m3) dung tch b, ta ly
bng 0,23 (m2)
Ch : Tra theo gio trnh x l nc cp, TS. Nguyn Ngc Dung, trang 23, nxb
xy dng, 2010
Loi ng c dng cho my khuy c cng sut:
N = 0,5
h.n 3 .d 4 .z (KW)
Trong :
+ : Trng lng th tch dung dch khuy trn , ly = 0,003794(kg/m3)
+ : H s hu dng ca ng c =0,01
+ n: S vng quay ca cnh qut trong 1 giy, ly n = 0,5 (vng/s)
+ d: ng knh ca vng trn do u cnh qut to ra khi quay, ly d = 2 (m)
+ z: S cnh qut trn trc vng quay, z = 4
+ h: Chiu cao cnh qut, ly h = 0,25 m
9

N = 0,5
0,003794
0,25 0,5 3 2 4 4 = 0,38
0,01
kW
2. B pha ch dung dich vi.
Hnh 2. B khuy trn vi sa bng my trn cch qut

- Dung tch b pha vi sa xc nh theo cng thc
Wv =
Q.n.Lv
(m3)
10000.bv .
Trong :
+ Q: Cng sut trm x l, Q = 354,16 (m3/h)
+ n: S gi gia 2 ln pha vi, (6
12)h, ta chn n = 10 (h)
+ Lv: Liu lng vi, Lv = 43,68 (mg/l)

+ bv: Nng vi sa = 5 %
+ : Khi lng ring ca vi sa 1 (T/m3)
Wv =
354,16.10.43,68
= 3,094 (m3)
10000.5.1
Thit k b khuy trn vi sa bng my trn cnh qut. B xy hnh trn, c

ng knh bng chiu cao cng tc, (h = d).
Ta c th tch ca b: Wv =
.d 2 .h
4
.d 2
4
10

- ng knh ca b cng tc: d = 3
Wv .4 3 3,094.4
=
= 1,58 (m)
- Xy dng 2 b, trong mt b cng tc, b cn li d phng.

- Chn s vng quay cnh qut l 40 (vng/ pht)
- Chiu di cnh qut ly bng 0,4 0,45d, chn 0,45d lcq = 0,45.1,58 = 0,711
(m) Chiu di ton phn ca cnh qut = 1,422 (m).
- Din tch cnh qut thit k 0,15 m2 cnh qut/ 1m3 vi sa trong b.
fcq =0,15.3,094 = 0,464 (m2)
- Chiu rng mi cnh qut:
bcq =
1 0,464
= 0,16
2 1,422
(m)
3. Thit b nh lng.
a. Thit b nh lng phn.
- Dng bm nh lng bm dung dch phn cng tc vo b ha trn.
Liu lng phn cn thit dng cho mt ngy:
Q phn =
Q.L p
1000000
8500.53,97
= 0,4587 (T)
1000000
Trong :
+ Q = 8500 (m3/ng.): Lu lng nc x l.
+ Lp = 53,97 (mg/l): Liu lng phn cho vo nc.
- Bm nh lng phi bm dung dch phn cng tc bng = 7 %
Lu lng bm: q =
458,7.100
= 0,08 (l/s)
24.3600.7
b. Thit b nh lng vi.

- Dng bm nh lng bm vi sa t l vi lu lng nc x l vo b ha
trn.
- Liu lng vi cn dng cho mt ngy l:
QVi =
Q.Lv
8500.43,68
=
= 0,37128 (T)
1000000
1000000
Trong :
+ Q = 8500 (m3/ng.): Lu lng nc x l.
+ Lp = 43,68 (mg/l): Liu lng vi cho vo nc.
- Bm nh lng phi bm dung dch vi cng tc bng = 5 %
11

Lu lng bm: q =
371,28.100
= .0,09 (l/s)
24.3600.5
4. Kho d tr ha cht.
Kho d tr ha cht nhm mc ch m bo lng ha cht s dng lin tc cho
1 2 thng tiu th. Kho cha ha cht phi kh ro, thong mt, c mi che.
- Din tch sn kho tnh theo cng thc (2-9), (gio trnh x l nc cp,
TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung,trang 36, nxb xy dng, 2010.)
Fkho =
Q.P.T .
(m2)
10000.Pk .h.Go
Trong :
+ Q = 8500 (m3/ng/): Lu lng nc x l.
+ P: Liu lng ha cht tnh ton (g/m3) (phn = 53,97 g/m3, vi = 43,68 g/m3)
+ T: Thi gian gi ha cht trong kho, (T = 40 ngy)
+ : H s tnh n din tch i li v thao tc trong kho, = 1,3
+ Go: Khi lng ring ca ha cht (T/m3), thng ly Go = 1,1 (tn/m3)
+ Pk: tinh khit ca ha cht (%)
+ h: Chiu cao cho php ca lp ha cht ly theo (TCXDVN 33 : 2006,mc
6.331, trang 127)
Phn nhm cc: h = 2 (m)
Vi cc cha ti: h = 1,5 (m)
a. Tnh cho kho phn.
F1 =
8500.53,97.40.1,3
=10,843
10000.100.2.1,1
(m2)
8500.43,68.40.1,3
=14,63
10000.80.1,5.1,1
(m2)
b. Tnh cho kho vi.

F2 =
Tng din tch kho d tr:

F = F1 + F2 = 10,843 + 14,63 = 25,5 (m2)
5. B trn ng.
12

V b trn ng thng p dng cho cc trm x l c cng sut va v nh.
Mt khc, b trn ng thng c dng trong cc nh my nc c x l bng
vi sa.
Cu to b trn ng gm 2 b phn: phn thn trn c tit din vung, phn
y c dng hnh cn vi gc hp thnh gia cc tng nghing trong khong 30
400, ta chn 400 (Ly theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, mc 6.56, trang 53)
Hnh 3. B trn ng
1. Th tch ca mi b c tnh theo cng thc:

Wb =
Q.t
, m3
60.N
Trong :
+ Q: Cng sut nc x l (m3/h), Q = 8500 (m3/ng.) =354,17 (m3/h) = 0,0984
(m3/s)
+ t: Thi gian lu nc trong b 1,5 - 2 pht khi trn vi v phn, chn 2 pht.
+N: S b chn thit k. Chn N = 2 Cng sut nc x l ca mi b l:
Q1be = 177,08 m3/h = 0,0492 m3/s
13

Wb =
354,17.2
= 6 (m3)
60.2
2. Din tch phn trn b, vi vn tc v1 = 25 (mm/s) = 0,025 (m/s)

F1 =
Q1be 0,0492
=
= 2 (m2)
v1
0,025
3. Din tch y di b, vi vn tc v2 = 1,2 (m/s)

F2 =
Q1be 0,0492
=
= 0,04 (m2)
v2
1,2
4. Xy dng b bng b tng ct thp, c kch thc:

- Kch thc phn trn b (phn hnh vung) l a (m):
a=
F1 = 2 = 1,5
(m)
- Kch thc phn y di b (phn hnh cn) l b (m):

b=
F2 = 0,045 0,3
(m)
5. Chiu cao phn di y b l h1 (m):

a b
1,5 0,3
40 o
cot g =
cot g
= 1,65 1,7 (m)
2
2
2
2
h1 =
6. Th phn di ca b trn:
W1 =
1
1
h1 F1 +F 2 + F1 F2 = 1,7 2 + 0,045 + 2 0,045 = 1,33 1,4 (m3)
3
3
7. Th tch phn trn ca b trn:

W2 = Wb W1 = 6 1,4 = 4,6
(m3)
8. Chiu cao phn trn ca b l h2 (m):

h2 =
W1 4,6
=
= 2,3 2,4 (m)
F1
2
9. Chiu cao ton phn ca c b trn (k c h3: Chiu cao bo v ly = 0,5

m)
H = h1 + h2 + h3 = 2,4 + 1,7 + 0,5 = 4,6
(m)
10. Vi Q1be = 177,08 (m3/h) = 0,0492 (m3/s) = 49,2 (l/s), ta c ng knh ng

dn nc vo b tra theo bng tra thy lc cp thot nc chn ng cp nc bng
thp (TOCT 110704-63), ta tra c D = 200mm, ni suy ta c v = 1,44 m/s,
tha mn TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.56, trang 53, quy nh vn tc vo b v = 1
1,5 m/s)
ng knh ngoi ca ng dn nc vo b l D = 225 mm
14

11. Tnh kch thc mng thu nc:
D tnh l mng thu nc l mng vng c l ngp nc. Nc chy trong
mng n ch ng nc ra khi b theo 2 hng ngc chiu nhau, v vy lu
lng nc tnh ton ca mng s l:
qm =
Q1be 177,08
=
= 88,54 (m3/h) = 0,0246 (m3/s)
2
2
Din tch tit din mng vi tc nc chy trong mng v mng = 0,6 (m/s)
(Theo TCXDVN 33:2006, mc 6.56, trang 53)
fm =
qm
88,54
=
= 0,041 0,05 (m2)
v m 0,6.36000
Chn chiu rng mng l bm = 0,3(m), chiu di ca mng 0,17m) th chiu cao
lp nc tnh ton trong mng s l :
Hm =
f m 0,05
=
= 0,17 (m)
bm
0,3
- dc ca mng v pha ng tho nc ra ly bng 0,02 tng din tch cc l

ngp thu nc tnh mng vi tc nc chy qua l ly bng v l = 1 (m/s)
(Theo TCXDVN 33:2006, mc 6.54, trang 52)
Q 177,08
=
= 0,0492 (m2)
vl 1.3600
- Chn ng knh l dl = 30 (mm) th din tch mi l l:

Sl = R2 = 0,015 2
= 7,1 10 4
(m2)
Tng s l trn mng l:

n=
f
sl
0,0492
= 70 l
.7,1 10 4
- Cc l c b tr ngp nc 70 (mm) (tnh n tm l), chu v pha trong ca

mng:
Pm = 4.a = 4.1,403 = 5,612 (m)
a: Mt bng phn trn ca b trn c dng hnh vung, chiu di mi cnh:
Pm 5,612
=
= 0,08m
n
70
Khong cch gia cc tm l = e =
Khong cch gia cc l = e d l = 0,08 0,03 = 0,05m
Vi Q = 49,2 (l/s), chn ng dn sang b phn ng l ng thp c ng knh

ng D = 250 (mm), vi v = 0,924(m/s), iu kin v = 0,8 1 (m/s)
6. B phn ng c vch ngn ng.

15

B phn ng c vch ngn ng thng c s dng cho cc trm x l
c cng sut trn 6000m3/ng..
Ngoi ra b phn ng c vch ngn ng c kt hp vi b lng ngang.
Do ta c th tit kim c chi ph khi thit k cng nh khi thi cng cng
trnh.
V b phn ng c vch ngn ng kt hp vi b lng ngang, do khi
thit k phi m bo chiu cao nc chy sang b lng, v chiu di ca b phn
ng bng chiu rng ca b lng ngang.
a. Dung tch ca b phn ng c vch ngn ng c tnh theo cng thc:
Q t
, m3
60 N
Wbe =
Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng nc x l m3/h, Q = 8500 m3/ng. = 354,17 m3/h
+ t: Thi gian lu nc trong b, ly t = 20 pht v x l nc c.
+ N: S b phn ng, chn N = 2 b.
Dung tch ca b phn ng l:

Wb =
Q.t
354,17.20
=
= 59,03 m3
60.N
60.2.
b. Din tch b mt b c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

Fb =
Wb
, m2
Hb
Trong :
+ Wb: Dung tch ca b, m3, Wb = 59,03 m3
+ Hb: Chiu cao ca b thng ly 2 3 m, chn Hb = 3 m
Fb =
Wb
59,03
=
= 19,67 20 m2
Hb
3
c. Din tch mt ca b phn ng c tnh theo cng thc sau:

f =
Q
, m2
3600 v
Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng nc x l m3/h, Q = 8500 m3/ng. = 0,0984 m3/s
+ v: Vn tc dng chy nc dc theo hnh lang, ly bng 0,2 m/s (khong 0,2
0,3 m/s)
16

f =
8500
= 0,5
24 3600 0,2
m2
d. S trong mt b l:
n=
Fb
20
=
= 40
f
0,5
Trong :
+ Fb: Din tch b mt ca 1 b, Fb = 20 m2
+ f: Din tch mt ca b phn ng, f = 0,5 m2
Cc sp xp theo chiu rng l 4 v chiu di l 10 .

* Kim tra li ch ngot i chiu dng nc
m=
n
40
1 =
1 = 9 ch ngot, m quy phm cho php (8 10 ch), tha mn
4
4
iu kin.
e. Chiu di ca b phn ng bng chiu rng ca b lng ngang, L = 5,2 m
f.
Chiu rng ca b phn ng:

B=
Fb
20
=
3,9 m
L
5,2
g. Kch thc mi :
b=
3,9
= 1 m;
4
l=
5,2
= 0,52 m
10
Tc chuyn ng ca dng nc trong b phn ng c tnh dy ca

tm chn ( = 0,15 0,2m ), ly bng 0,15 m
h.
Din tch ca mi l f = 0,5 0,15 = 0,35 m2

i.
Vn tc nc chy trong cc l:
v =
j.
Q
354,17
=
= 0,28
3600 0,35 3600 0,35
m/s (quy chun v = 0,2 0,3 m/s)
Tn tht p lc trong b phn ng:

h = 0,15 v2 m
Trong :
+
: Vn tc nc chy trong cc , v = 0,28 m/s
+ m: S ln dng nc i chiu, m = 9
h = 0,15 0,28 2 9 = 0,1m
7. B lng ngang thu nc cui b.

17

B lng ngang c kt hp vi b phn ng c vch ngn thng ng. S b lng
ngang ly N = 2 b
a.
Din tch mt bng ca b lng ngang.
Tng din tch mt bng ca b lng ngang c tnh theo cng thc (613), iu 6.71, trang 58, TCXDVN 33 : 2006
F=
Q
3,6 U 0
, m2
Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng nc a vo b lng, Q = 8500 m3/ng. = 354,17 m3/h
+ U0: Tc ri ca cn trong b lng, tra theo bng 6.9, trang 59, TCXDVN
33 : 2006, vi c im nc ngun c vi hm lng cn l 680 mg/l, th tc
ri ca cn U0 = 0,5 mm/s
+ : H s s dng th tch ca b lng ly bng 1,33
F =
1,33 354,17
= 262
3,6 0,5
m2
Din tch mt bng ca mi b l

F1be =
b.
F
262
=
= 131 m2
N
2
Chiu rng ca b lng ngang c tnh theo cng thc sau:

B=
Q
,m
3,6.Vtb .H 0 .N
Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng nc a vo b lng, Q = 8500 m3/ng. = 354,17 m3/h
+ Vtb: Tc trung bnh ca dng chy phn u ca b lng.
Chn t s gia chiu vng lng cn v chiu cao vng lng cn L/H 0 =10 (tra theo
bng 10 1,trang 150, tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh trong h thng cp nc
sch, TS. Trnh Xun Lai, nxb khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2003)
K = 7,5;
= 1,33.
Vn tc trung bnh dng nc trong b:

vtb = K.U0 = 7,5.0,5 = 3,75 mm/s.
+ H0: Chiu cao trung bnh ca vng lng, ly trong gii hn t (2,5 3,5 m)
chn 2,5 m
18

+ N: S b lng, N = 2
B =
c.
L=
354,17
= 5,2
3,6.3,75.2,5.2
Chiu di ca b lng ngang

F
262
=
= 25
B.N
5,2.2
Trong :
+ F: Din tch mt bng ca b, F = 262 m2
+ B: Chiu rng ca b lng ngang, B = 5,2 m
+ N: S b lng, N = 2
L
25
=
= 10 ng bng t s chn.
Kim tra t s
H0
2,5
Chn mi b chia lm 2 ngn, chiu rng mi ngn l: b = 2,6 m.(Theo

TCXDVN 33: 2006, iu 6.72, trang 69 60, quy nh chiu rng mi ngn khng
qu 6 m). Trong mi ngn hng dng c c l, hng l cui cng nm cao hn
mc cn tnh ton 0,3 m, (TCXD 33 : 2006, iu 6.77, trang 60, quy nh 0,3 0,5
m) th din tch cng tc ca vch ngn phn phi nc vo b t cch u b
1,5m (TCXD 33 : 2006, iu 6.77, trang 60, quy nh 1 - 2 m) s l:
f n = b ( H 0 0,3) = 2,6 ( 2,5 0,3) = 5,72
m2
Hnh 4. Ngn phn phi nc

d.
Lu lng nc tnh ton qua mi ngn ca b l:

qn =
Q
8500
=
= 88,54 (m3/h) = 0,024 (m3/s)
N .n
2.2.24
Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng nc x l, Q = 354,17 m3/h
+ N: S b lng, N = 2
+ n: S ngn chia trong mt b, n = 2 ngn
19

e.
Tng din tch cn thit ca cc l vch ngn phn phi nc vo l:
l vao
qn
0,024
=
= 0,12 m2
vl
0,2
Trong :
+ vl = 0,2 m/s, (theo TCXDVN 33:2006, iu 6.80, trang 61, quy nh tc nc
chy trong hnh lang ly bng 0,2 0,3 m/s u b)
+ qn: Lu lng nc x l qua mi vch ngn, qn = 0,024 m3/s
* Chn ng knh l vch ngn phn phi nc l d l vo = 80 mm, (ly khong
50 150 mm)
Din tch ca mi l: S l = d = 0,08 = 5,026.10 3 m2

2
f.
Tng s l vch ngn phn phi:

n l =
l vao
S l
0,12
= 24
5,026.10 3
Trong :
+ fl vo: Din tch ca cc l vch ngn phn phi nc vo, fl vo = 0,12 m2
+ Sl: Din tch ca mi l, Sl = 5,026.10-3 m2
B tr theo chiu cao H0 l 4 l, khong cch gia cc l ly bng (2,5
0,3):4= 0,55 m, b tr theo chiu L l 6 l, khong cch gia cc hng ly bng 2,6 :
7 = 0,37. Tng cng c 24 l.
* Ch :- Kh thit k ta ly kch thc ca tm chn ly bng kch thc ngang
ca b nhn vi chiu cao vng lng B x H = 5,2 x 2,5 m
g.
Tng din tch ca vch ngn thu nc cui b:
l ra
qn
0,024
=
= 0,048 m2
vl
0,5
Trong : vl : Tc nc qua l thu nc cui, thng ly nh hn hoc

bng 0,5 m/s, chn vl = 0,5 m/s.
* Chn ng knh l vch ngn thu nc l d l ra = 60 mm, (ly khong 50
150 mm)
Din tch ca mi l: S l = d = 0,06 = 2,83.10 3 m2

2
20

h. Tng s l vch ngn thu nc:
n l =
l thu
S l
0,048
= 18
2,8310 3
Trong :
+ fl ra: Din tch ca cc l vch ngn phn phi nc vo, fl vo = 0,48 m2
+ Sl: Din tch ca mi l, Sl = 2,83.10-3 m2
B tr theo chiu cao H0 l 3 l, khong cch gia cc l ly bng 0,73 m, b tr
theo chiu L l 6 l, khong cch gia cc hng ly bng 0,37 m. Tng cng c 18
l.
i.
Tnh ton h thng thu v x cn ca b lng ngang.
Xc nh hm lng cn lng trong b c tnh theo cng thc:

Wc =
T Q (C max m)
, m3
N tb
Trong :
+ T: Thi gian lm vic gia 2 ln x cn, chn T = 24 h
+ N: S b lng ngang, N = 2 b.
+ m: Hm lng cn cn li trong nc sau lng (10 -12mg/l), chn m = 10 mg/l
+ Q: Lu lng nc x l, Q = 354,17 m3/h
+ tb : Nng trung bnh ca cn nn sau 24 h, ly (theo bng 3-3, trang 78,
sch "X l nc cp" ca TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung), ta chn c tb=35000.( t
4001000 )
+ Cmax: Hm lng cn ln nht c a vo b lng, c tnh phn V.6, trang
6, C
max
= 724,88 (mg/l)
Wc =
24 354,17 (724,88 10)

= 86,80 m3
2 35000
+ Chiu cao trung bnh vng nn cn:

H c=
Wc
86,80
=
= 0,66 m
f 1be
131
+ Chiu cao trung bnh ca b lng:
21

H b = H 0 + H c = 2,5 + 0,66 3,2
+ Chiu cao xy dng b:

H xd = H b + H bv = 3,2 + 0,5 = 3,7
( Ly Hbv = 0,5 m, quy chun 0,3 0,5 m)

+ Tng chiu di ca b lng (k c ngn phn phi l 1,5 m, v ngn thu nc
1,5m)
Lb = L + B phph + Bthu = 25 + 1,5 + 1,5 = 28
+ Th tch ca mt b lng:
Wbe = Lb H b B = 28 3,16 5,2 = 460
m3
+ Phn trm lng nc mt i khi x cn mt b:

P=
K p Wc
Qb T
100 , %
Trong : Kp: H s pha long ly bng 1,5

P =
1,5 86,80
100 = 3,06 %
177,08 24
Tnh h thng x cn
H thng x cn c lm bng mng c l hai bn v t dc theo trc mi
ngn. Thi gian x cn quy nh t = 8-10 pht, ly t = 10 pht. Tc nc chy
cui mng khng nh hn 1 m/s.
+ Dung tch cha cn mt ngn l:
Wcc =
Wc 86,80
=
= 43,4 m3
n
2
+ Lu lng cn mt ngn:
q cc =
Wcc
43,4
=
= 0,072 m3/s
t
10 60
+ Din tch mng x cn: chn vm = 1,5 m/s (quy nh 1mm/s)

Fm =
q cc 0,072
=
= 0,05 m2
vm
1,5
+ Kch thc mng a = 0,2 b; chn a = 0,16m th b = 0,32 m
22

+ Tc nc chy qua l bng 1,5 m/s. Chn ng knh l: d l = 30 mm, (quy
chun 25 mm)
Din tch ca mi l: f l = d = 0,03 = 7,07.10 4 m2

2
+ Tng din tch l trn mt mng x cn:
q cn 0,072
=
= 0,048 m2
vl
1,5
+ S l mt bn mng x cn:
n l =
lo
2 f l
0,048
= 34 l
2 7,07.10 4
+ Khong cch cc tm l:
l=
L 25
=
= 0,735 m
n 34
+ ng knh ng x cn, vi qcc = 0,072 m3/s = 72 l/s, chn D = 250 mm, v ng =

1,43 m/s, (tra theo bng thy lc cp thot nc chn ng cp nc bng gang
(TOCT 5525-61 v 9583-61)
+Tn tht trong ng ng x cn
f C2
v c2
H = ( d + 2 + )
,m
2g
fm
Trong :
+ d: Tn tht cc b qua cc l; d = 11,4.
+ : Tn tht cc b qua mng; = 0,5.
+ fc:
Din tch ng x cn, f c =
d c2 0,25 2
=
= 0,05 m2
4
4
+ fm: Din tch mng; fm = 0,16. 0,32 = 0,05 m2.

+ vc: Tc x cn, vc:=1,43 m/s
1,43 2
0,05 2
H = 11,4 +
+
0
,
5
= 1,34 m
0,05 2
2 9,81
Khi x cn mt ngn, mc nc trong b h xung mt khong:
23

H = H =
(q cc q n ).60.t (0,072 0,024).60.10

=
= 0,576 (m)
fn
25.2
8. B lc nhanh trng lc .
Theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, mc 6.101, trang 67, c quy nh b lc phi c
tnh ton theo 2 ch lm vic, ch bnh thng v ch tng cng.
Theo thit k, da vo (TCXDVN 33:2006, bng 6.11, trang 68,69) ta chn b
lc nhanh mt lp vt liu lc l ct thch anh, vi cc thng s sau:
1. ng knh nh nht, dmin = 0,7 (mm)
2. ng knh ln nht, dmax = 1,60 (mm)
0,8 (mm)
3.
ng knh hiu dng, d1o = 0,75
4.
H s khng ng nht K = 1,3
5.
Chiu dy ca lp vt liu lc, L = 1300
6.
7.
1,5
1500 (mm)
Tc lc ch lm vic bnh thng, vtb = 6 8 (m/h)
Tc lc cho php ch lm vic tng cng, vtc = 7 9,5 (m/h)
H thng phn phi nc bng chp lc loi ui di, c khe h. Tng din tch
ca cc l cn ly bng 0,25 0,5% din tch tit din ngang ca b lc.
1. Tng din tch cc b lc ca trm x l c xc nh theo cng thc (620), (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, trang 68)
F =
Q
TVtb 3,6 a W .t1 a.t 2 .Vtb
(m2)
Trong :
+ Q: Cng sut ca trm x l, (m3/ng.), Q = 8500 (m3/ng.).
+ T: Thi gian lm vic ca trm trong mt ngy m (h), ly T = 24 (h).
+ Vtb: Tc lc tnh ton ch lm vic bnh thng (m/h), tra theo bng
6.11, TCXDVN 33 : 2006, trang 68 69, chn Vtb = 6 (m/h)
+ a: S ln ra mi mt b lc trong mt ngy m ch lm vic bnh thng,
thng ly 1 2 ln. V y l dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc b mt, c hm
lng cn l lng va, do chn a = 2.
+ W: Cng nc ra lc (1/s.m2), tra bng 6.13 (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, trang
72), ng vi , d1o = 0,75 0,8 (mm) th n tng i ca vt liu lc 30 %,
cng ra b lc 14 16 (1/s.m2) ly W = 14 (1/s.m2), thi gian ra b lc 5 6
(pht).
+ t1: Thi gian ra lc (h), ly t1 = 6 (pht) = 0,1 (h) (theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006
chn trn)
24

+ t2; Thi gian ngng b lc ra, t 2 = 0,35 (h), (theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu
6.102, trang 67 68)
F =
8500
66
24 6 3,6 2 14 0,1 2 0,35 6
(m2)
2. S b lc trong trm x l, tnh theo cng thc (12-2), (gio trnh tnh ton
thit k cc cng trnh trong h thng cp nc sch, Pts. Trnh Xun Lai, trang
175, nxb khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2003)
N=
1
1
F = 66 = 4 (b)
2
2
ph hp vi thit k, ta chn 4 b khi thit k.

* Kim tra li tc lc tng cng khi ng 1 b sa cha hoc ra b,
(theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.105, trang 69), ta c cng thc sau:
Vtc = Vtb
N
4
= 6
= 8 (m/h)
N N1
4 1
Trong :
+ Vtb: Tc lc tng cng (m/h), nh trn ta c Vtb = 6 (m/h)
+ N: S b lc
+ N1: S b lc ngng lm vic, ly N1 = 1
Vtc = 8 (m/h) < Vtccp = 7 9,5 (m/h) (tha mn iu kin)

3. Din tch ca mt b lc:
f =
F
66
=
16,5 (m2)
N
4
4. Kch thc ca mt b lc khi xy dng = L x B = 4,1 m x 4,1 m = 16,8m2

5. Chiu cao b lc : Xc nh theo cng thc (4 54), trang 141, gio trnh x l
nc cp, TS. Nguyn Ngc Dung, nxb Xy dng, H Ni, 2010)
H = h + hv + hn +h p
(m)
Trong :
+ h: Chiu cao lp si (m) (L chiu cao tnh t y ca b lc cho n mt
trn ca lp vt liu ), (tra bng 6.12, trang 70 71, TCXDVN 33 : 2006). Theo
thit k, chn cng ngh ra lc bng nc v khng kh kt hp, do cn ly
chiu dy lp c ht 10 5 (mm) v 5 2 (mm) bng 150 200 (mm),
h = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (m)

+ hv: Chiu dy ca lp vt liu lc (m), h v = 1,3 (m) , (da vo (TCXDVN
33:2006, bng 6.11, trang 68,69)
25

+ hn: Chiu cao lp nc trn lp vt liu lc (m), ly h n = 2 (m), (theo
TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.106, trang 69-70)
+ hp: Chiu cao ph k n vic dng nc khi ng 1 b ra (m), h p 0,3
(m), ly hp = 0,5 (m)
H = 0,3 +1,3 + 2 + 0,5 = 4,1
(m)
6. Tnh ton h thng mng phn phi nc lc v thu nc ra lc

- Chn dc mng theo chiu nc chy i = 0,01 (theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006,
iu 6.117, trang73 74)
- Mi b b tr 2 mng thu nc.
- Khong cch gia cc tim mng k nhau khng c ln hn 2,2 (m) (theo
TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.117, trang73), ly bng 2 (m)
- Khong cch t tm mng n tng l 1,2 (m) < 1,5 (m)
Lu lng nc ra ca mt b lc:
q r = F1b W
(l/s)
Trong :
+ W: Cng nc ra lc (1/s.m2), tra bng 6.13 (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, trang
72), ng vi d1o = 0,75 0,8 (mm) th n tng i ca vt liu lc 30 %,
cng ra b lc 14 16 (1/s.m2) ly W = 14 (1/s.m2), thi gian ra b lc 5 6
(pht).
+ F1b: Din tch ca 1 b lc F1be = 16,5 (m2)
q r = 14 16,5 = 231 (l/s) = 0,231 (m3/s)
- Do mt b ta thit k b tr 2 mng thu nc, do lu lng nc i vo mi

mng l:
q1m =
q r 0,231
=
= 0,1155 (m3/s)
2
2
- Chn mng thu nc ra lc c tit din 5 cnh, y hnh tam gic, ta tnh
ton cc thng s sau cho mng dng ny:
a. Chiu rng ca mng c tnh theo cng thc (6 25), (TCXDVN 33 :
2006, iu 6.117, trang 73)
Bm = K 5
q m2
(1,57 + a ) 3
(m)
Trong :
+ qm: Lu lng nc ra tho theo mng (m3/s), qm = 0,1155 (m3/s)
26

+ a: T s chiu cao ca phn ch nht vi na chiu rng ca mng, (theo
TCXDVN 33: 2006), ly bng 1 1,5, ly a = 1,5.
+ K: H s ly bng 2,1 i vi mng c tit din 2 cnh (TCXDVN 33: 2006)
Bm = 2,1 5
0,1155 2
(1,57 + 1,5) 3
0,452 (m)
Hnh 4.
b. Chiu cao ca phn mng hnh ch nht:
H1 =
1,5.Bm 1,5 0,452

=
= 0,34 (m)
2
2
c. Chiu cao ca mng:

H 2 = H 1 + 0,5 Bm = 0,34 + 0,5 0,45 0,6
(m)
d. Chiu cao ton b mng:

H m = H 2 + m = 0,6 + 0,1 0,7
(m)
Trong : m : l chiu dy y mng ly = 0,1 (m)

* Khi tnh ton phi m bo khong cch t b mt lp vt liu lc ti lp
trn ca mng thu nc khi ra vt liu lc khng b tri i theo mng. Khong
cch ny c xc nh theo cng thc (6-27), (iu 6.119, trang 74, TCXDVN
33: 2006)
h=
H e
+ 0,30 (m)
100
27

Trong :
+ H: Chiu cao lp vt liu lc (m), H = 1,3 (m) , (da vo (TCXDVN 33:2006,
bng 6.11, trang 68,69)
+ e: n tng i ca lp vt liu lc tra bng 6.13 (TCXDVN 33 : 2006,
trang 72), ng vi d1o = 0,75 0,8 (mm) th n tng i ca vt liu lc
e= 30 %.
h =
1,3 30
+ 0,30 = 0,69 (m)
100
- Chiu cao ton phn ca mng thu nc ra l H m = 0,7 (m). V mng dc v

pha mng tp trung 0,01, mng c chiu di L = 4,1 (m), Chiu cao mng
pha mng tp trung l: 0,7 + 0,01.4,1 = 0,741 (m)
- Do khong cch gia mp trn lp vt liu lc n mp di cng ca mng
thu 100 (mm) = 0,1 (m) (TCXDVN 33:2006, iu 6.124, trang 76)
Chiu cao pha trn lp vt liu lc n im trn cng ca mng

H m = 0,741 + 0,1 = 0,841
H m
(m)
e. Khong cch t y mng thu n y mng tp trung c xc nh theo

cng thc (6-26), (iu 6.118, trang 74, TCXDVN 33:2006)
2
hmttr
qm
= 1,73
+ 0,2 (m)
g2
3
Trong :
+ qm: Lu lng nc chy vo mng tp trung (m3/s), qm = qr = 0,231 (m3/s)
+ : Chiu rng mng tp trung ly khng nh hn 0,6 (m), ly = 0,6 (m)
+ g = 9,81 (m/s2): Gia tc trng trng.
hm ttr = 1,73 3
0,2312
+ 0,2 = 0,63 (m)
9,81 0,6 2
Tc nc chy trong mng dn vo b lc khi ra b ly: theo
(TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.120, trang 74) vn tc nc chy trong mng khi

ra lc l vm = 0,8 (m/s)
Tit din t ca mng khi ra b lc l:
Fmng =
qr
0,231
=
= 0,29 (m2)
vm
0,8
Trong :
+ qr: Lu lng nc ra ca mt b lc (l/s), qr = 0,231 (l/s)
28

+Vm: Vn tc nc chy trong mng (m/s), Vm = 0,8 (m/s)
Chiu cao nc trong mng tp trung khi ra b lc:
h=
Fmng
Bm
0,29
= 0,64 (m)
0,452
Trong :
+ Fmng: Tit din t ca mng khi ra b lc (m2), Fmng = 0,29 (m2)
+ Bm: Chiu rng ca mng (m), Bm = 0,452 (m)
Theo iu 6.118, trang 74, TCXDVN 33 : 2006, th mc nc trong mng tp
trung thp hn mng thu 0,2 (m). Do , ta phi b tr mng thu nc sch c ct
y mng cch y mng tp trung mt khong = (0,64 + 0,2 = 0,84 m)
7.
Tnh ton h thng ra lc
B c thit k s dng h thng phn phi nc c chp lc. Ra lc bng

gi v nc kt hp.
a. Quy trnh ra b lc: (Theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.123, trang 75), ta
c:
- u tin ta ngng cung cp nc vo b lc.
- Khi ng my sc kh nn, vi cng 17 (l/s.m 2) (TCXDVN 33 : 2006,
cng 15 20 (l/s.m2) trong vng 2 pht.
- Sau ra kt hp nc vi gi trong thi gian 5 pht vi cng gi 17
l/s.m2 v cng nc 2,5 l/s.m2, sao cho ct khng b tri vo mng thu nc.
- Cui cng ngng ra gi v tip tc ra nc thun ty vi cng 8 l/s.m 2
trong thi gian 5 pht.
29

- Cung cp nc vo b lc tip tc qu trnh lc v x nc lc u.
b. Tnh ton s chp lc.
S dng loi chp lc ui di, c chiu khe rng thng bng 0,4 mm, (theo
bi ging x l nc cp, ging vin Nguyn Lan Phng, HBK Nng, trang
91)
- Theo (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.122, trang 75) c quy nh l ly s chp
lc t 36 40 ci chp lc cho 1 m 2 din tch cng tc ca b lc. Do ta chn
37 ci chp lc cho 1m2 din tch cng tc.
Tng s chp lc trong mt b lc l:

N = 37 f = 37 16,5 = 611
ci
Trong : f l din tch ca 1 b lc f = 16,5 m2
Cn phi b tr 25 hng chp lc, mi hng 25 ci. Tng s chp lc thc

t cn dng cho mi b l 625 ci.
Tng s chp lc cn thit phi dng cho 4 b l: 625 . 4 = 2500 ci.
- Chp lc c s dng c kch thc khe ( 15 x 0,5) mm, s khe h trn mt
chp lc l 24 khe.
Tng s khe h trn mt chp lc l: 24 15 0,5 =180

Tng din tch khe h ca chp lc trong 1m2:
kheho
mm 2 =1,8 10 4 m 2
= 625 1,8 10 4 = 0,1125m 2
- Tng din tch khe h chp lc bng 0,6 0,8 % din tch cng tc ca b,
(theo bi ging x l nc cp, ging vin Nguyn Lan Phng, HBK Nng,
trang 91)
30
Hnh 5. Chp lc ui
di c khe
1. Phn u chp lc.
2. ng phn phi
nc ra lc.
3. Sn gn chp lc
4. Khe thu kh.
5. Ren gn chp lc.
khe ho
f 1be
100 =
0,1125 100
= 0,68%
16,5
(Tha mn)
- Theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.123, trang 75, ta chn cng gi W gio =

17 l/s.m2, cng nc chn Wnuoc 2,5 l/s.m2.
* Vn tc gi v nc thi qua khe h ca chp lc:
V =
(W gio + Wnuoc ) f1be

625 1,8 10
(17 + 2,5) 10 3 16,5 = 2,86

625 1,8 10 4
m/s >1,5 m/s
Theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.112, trang 72 c quy nh vn tc ca hn

hp nc v gi qua khe h ca chp lc khng nh hn 1,5 m/s, (tha mn)
31

Vy: Ta chn 37 chp lc trong 1m2 b, khong cch gia tm cc chp lc theo
chiu ngang v chiu di u bng 164 mm (tha mn TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu
6.122, trang 75, (140 mm 180 mm)
c. Tn tht p lc trong h thng phn phi chp lc, xc nh theo cng thc
(6-24), trang 72, TCXDVN 33:2006.
h pp =
Vc2
,m
2.g . 2
Trong :
+
Vc
: Vn tc nc qua chp lc,
Vc
= 2,86 m/s.
+ g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2

+ : H s lu lng ca chp lc, i vi chp lc c khe h th = 0,5
h pp =
2,86 2
= 1,7 m
2.9,81.0,5 2
8. Tnh ton ng ng k thut.

a. ng ng dn nc ra.
-
Lu lng nc cn thit ra 1 b lc:

q r = 231 (l/s) = 0,231 (m3/s)
ng ng dn nc ra lc vo b l:
Dr =
4.q r
=
.Vr
4.0,231
= 0,38 m
.2
ng ng dn nc ra lc vo b c ng knh l D = 400 mm, vi lu

lng qr = 231 (l/s) tra theo bng thy lc cp thot nc chn ng cp nc bng
gang (TOCT 5525-61 v 9583-61), ni suy ta c v = 1,752 m/s tha mn
(TCXDVN 33 : 2006, v = 1,5 2 m/s, iu 6.111, trang 71)
b. H thng cp kh.
- Cng ra gi thun ty W = 17 l/s.m2
- Vn tc ca gi trong ng dn v = 20 m/s, (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.122,
trang 75, quy nh v = 15 20 m/s)
Lu lng gi cung cp cho 1 b:

q gi =W . f 1b =17.16,5 = 280,5
l/s = 0,2805 m3/s
ng knh ng dn gi chnh:
d gi =
4.q gi
.v
4.0,2805
= 0,17 m
.20
32
ng ng dn gi chnh vo b lc c ng knh l D = 200 mm

c. ng ng thu nc sch ti b cha.
ng t mt b lc ra ng thu nc sch chung ti mt lu lng l:
q ng =
Q
8500
=
= 0,025 m3/s = 25 l/s
24.3600.N
24.3600.4
Trong :
+ Q: Lu lng nc x l, Q = 8500 m3/ng.
+ N: S b lc, N = 4 b
Theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.120, trang 74 c quy nh tc nc chy
trong ng nc lc sang b cha ly 1 1,5 m/s. Ta chn vng = 1,2 m/s
ng knh ng thu nc sch ti b cha l:

Dng =
4.q ng
.v
4.0,025
= 0,161
.1,2
ng ng thu nc sch ti b cha c ng knh l D = 150 mm, vi lu

lng qng = 25 (l/s) tra theo bng thy lc cp thot nc chn ng cp nc
bng gang (TOCT 5525-61 v 9583-61), ni suy ta c v = 1,37 m/s tha mn
(TCXDVN 33 : 2006, v = 1 1,5 m/s, iu 6.120, trang 74)
tit kim chi ph cng nh gi thnh trong qu trnh xy dng ta s dng
ng dn chung c ng knh tng dn sau khi thu nc sch t mi b lc.
+ Ti b lc u tin, ng ti lu lng 1 b q ng1 = qng = 25 l/s D = 150
mm.
+ n b lc th 2, ng nhn lu lng qng 2 = 2.qng = 2.25 = 50 l/s = 0,050
m /s .
3
Ta chn vng = 1,2 m/s
Dng 2 =
4.0,050
= 0,23
.1,2
m, ly Dng2 = 250 mm
+ n b lc th 3, ng nhn lu lng q ng3 = 3.qng = 3.25 = 75 l/s = 0,075

m /s. .
3
Dng 3 =
4.0,075
= 0,28
.1,2
m, ly Dng3 = 300 mm
+ ng ng thu nc chung nhn lu lng l:

qchung = 4.qng = 4.25 = 100 l/s = 0,1 m3/s
Dchung =
4.0,1
= 0,33
.1,2
m, ly Dchung = 350 mm
d. ng ng x kit.
33

Ly theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.121, trang 74, quy nh ng x c ng
knh t 100 200 mm, ta chn D = 150 mm.
e. ng ng x ra lc.
Lu lng nc x chnh bng lng nc cp cho ra lc,
qx = qr = 231 (l/s) = 0,231 (m3/s) ng knh ng x nc ra lc bng

ng knh ng nc ra lc, D = 400 mm
f. ng ng x nc lc u.
Ly ng knh ng x nc lc u bng ng knh ng thu nc sau lc
D = 150 mm
9. Tnh ton tng tn tht p lc khi ra b lc.
a. Tng tn tht qua sn chp lc
Theo tnh ton phn (8.8.c), ta c hpp = 0.47 m
b. Tng tn tht p lc qua lp vt liu .
hd = 0,22 Ld W = 0,22 0,3 8 = 0,53 m
Trong :
+ L: Chiu cao lp si (L chiu cao tnh t y ca b lc cho n mt trn
ca lp vt liu ), (tra bng 6.12, trang 70 71, TCXDVN 33 : 2006). Theo
thit k, chn cng ngh ra lc bng nc v khng kh kt hp, do cn ly
chiu dy lp c ht 10 5 (mm) v 5 2 (mm) bng 150 200 (mm),
L = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (m)

+ W: Cng ra nc thun ty, W = 8 l/s.m 2 (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu
6.123, trang 75, quy nh W = 5 8 l/s.m2)
c. Tn tht p lc bn trong lp vt liu lc: c tnh theo cng thc sau
h vll = ( a + bW ) hl (m)
Trong :
+ a, b: Cc thng s ph thuc vo kch c ht vt liu lc vi ng knh tng
ng dt = 0,75 0,8 mm, th a = 0,76; b = 0,017
+ hl: Chiu cao lp vt liu lc, 1,3 m (da vo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, bng 6.11,
trang 68 69)
+ W: Cng ra nc thun ty, W = 8 l/s.m 2 (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu
6.123, trang 75, quy nh W = 5 8 l/s.m2)
hvll = ( 0,76 + 0,017 8) 1,3 = 1,165 m
d. Tng tn tht trn ng ng dn nc ra lc.
34
ong
= hd + hcb
(m)8/
Trong :
+ hd: Tn tht trn chiu di ng t trm bm nc ra n b lc. Chn ng
ng s b di 100m, lu lng nc chy trong ng dn nc ra q r = 231 l/s =
0,231 m3/s. ng knh ng D = 400 mm
Da vo bng tra thy lc, tra ng bng gang (TOCT 5525 61 v 9583 61), ta
tra q = 231 l/s, D = 400 mm, ta ni suy ra 1000i = 11,7
hd = i.L = 11,7 100 10 3 = 1,17 m
h : Tn tht cc b trn van, kha, ta chn s b l 0,3 m

h
= 1,17 + 0,3 = 1,47 m
cb
ng
e. p lc ph v kt cu ban u ca lp vt liu lc l hpv = 2m
Vy: Tn tht ban u trong ni b b lc l:

htt = h pp + h + hvl + h pv = 1,7 + 0,53 + 1,165 + 2 = 5,4
10. Tnh ton chn bm ra lc.

p lc cn thit ca bm ra lc c tnh theo cng thc:
hbom = h + hrua + h pv + hng
,m
Trong :
+ h : chnh hnh hc gia mc nc thp nht trong b cha nc sch ti
cao ca mng thu nc, c tnh nh sau
h = h1 + hk + hs + h + hl + H m + H m
Trong :
+ h1 : chnh gia ct mt t ti trm x l v cao mc nc thp nht
trong b cha, ly h1 = - 0,5 m
+ hk: Chiu cao hm phn phi nc, hk = 1 m
+ hs: Chiu dy sn chp lc, hs = 0,1 m
+ h: Chiu cao lp vt liu , h = 0,3 m
+ hl: Chiu cao lp vt liu lc, hl = 1,3 m
+ H m : Khong cch t mp trn ca mng phn phi nc n lp vt liu lc,
H m = 0,841 m
+ Hm: Chiu cao mng thu nc ra lc, Hm = 0,7 m
h = 0,5 +1 + 0,1 + 0,3 +1,3 + 0,841 + 0,7 = 3,741
35
h : Tng tn tht p lc khi ra lc:

h = h + h + h = 1,7 + 0,53 + 1,165 = 3,4 m
+ h : Tng tn tht p lc trn ng ng dn nc ra lc, h
+
rua
rua
pp
vll
ng
ng
= 1,47 m
+ hpv: p lc ph v kt cu ban u ca lp vt liu lc l hpv = 2m

Vy: hb = 3,741 + 3,4 + 1,47 + 2 = 10,6 m
Vy: Chn bm c lu lng qr = 0,231m3/s, v p lc Hra = 10,6 m. Ta nn
chn 2 my bm, mt my hot ng v my cn li d phng.
11. Tnh chiu cao xy dng b lc: c tnh theo cng thc sau
H xd = hk + hs + hd + hl + hn + hbv
Trong :
+ hk: Chiu cao hm phn phi
nc,
hk = 1 m
+ hs: Chiu dy sn chp lc, hs
= 0,1 m
+ h: Chiu cao lp vt liu ,
h = 0,3 m
+ hl: Chiu cao lp vt liu lc,
hl = 1,3 m
+ hn: Chiu cao lp nc trn
lp vt liu lc (m), ly h n = 2
(m), (theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006,
iu 6.106, trang 69-70)
+ hp: Chiu cao ph k n vic
dng nc khi ng 1 b ra
(m), hp 0,3 (m), ly hp = 0,5
(m), hay cn gi chiu cao bo
v.
H xd = 1 + 0,1 + 0,3 + 1,3 + 2 + 0,5 = 5,2m
9. B cha nc sch .
Thit k b cha nc sch c dung tch bng 20% Q trm , do dung tch ca
b: Wb =
20
8500 = 1700 m3/ng.
100
36

Thit k 2 b vung, mi b c dung tch 850 m 3/ng., vi chiu cao mi b l
H=5m
Din tch ca mt b cha l:

F1be =
850
= 170 (m2)
5
Kch thc ca mi b l: L x B = 13,1 x 13,1
171,61 (m2)
* Tng chiu cao 1 b:

H 1be = H + H bv = 5 + 0,5 = 5,5 m
Trong :
+ H: Chiu cao mi b, H = 5 m
+ Hbv: Chiu cao bo v ly bng 0,5 m
Phn III
TNH TON CAO TRNH TRONG DY
CHUYN CNG NGH
37

Mc ch ca vic tnh ton cao trnh l lm sao cho nc trong trm x
l t chy. Tnh ton cao trnh da vo tn tht ca tng cng trnh v tn tht trn
ng ng dn nc ti cng trnh . Trong ly tn tht p lc ca b lc lm
c s.
Chn tn tht p lc trong cc cng trnh x l c ly theo (TCXDVN 33 :
2006, iu 6.355, trang 132)
Tn tht p lc t b lc n b cha nc sch ly 1m
Tn tht p lc t b lng n b lc ly 1m
Tn tht t b trn n b lng 0,4 m
Tn tht p lc t b phn ng n b lng bng 0m, (V b phn ng xy

hp khi vi b lng ngang).
Tn tht trong b lc nhanh ly 3m
Tn tht trong b lng 0,6m
Tn tht trong b trn thy lc 0,6m
Tn tht p lc trong b phn ng thy lc 0,4m
Ct mt t ti b lc nhanh hm = 2,5m
1.
Ct mc nc trong b lc nhanh:
-
Chiu cao ton b b lc Hxd = 5,2 m
Mc nc trong b lc cch thnh trn b l hp = 0,5 m
Ct mt t ti b lc hm = 2,5m
Ct mc nc trong b lc nhanh:
max
BLN =h md +H xd h p = 2,5 + 5, 2 0,5 = 7, 2
Cao trnh mt ca b lc:

Mat
BLN = H xd + hm = 5, 2 + 2,5 = 7,7 m
Cao trnh ca y b lc: dy

BLN = 2,5m
Cao trnh ca mc nc trong mng phn phi nc:

max
mang
BLN = BLN + hmang = 7, 2 + 0,1 = 7,3m
2.
Ct mc nc trong b cha nc sch:

-
Mc nc cao nht trong b cha nc sch

max
loc chua
Max
hb.loc
BCNS = BLN hong
Trong :
38

loc chua
+ hong
: Tn tht p lc trong ng ng dn t b lc n b cha nc sch,
loc chua
hong
= 1m
+ hb.loc : Tn tht p lc trong b lc, hb.loc = 3 m

max
+ max
BLN : Ct mc nc cao nht trong b lc nhanh, BLN = 7,2 m
max
BCNS = 7,2 3 1 = 3, 2 m
Cao trnh mt b cha nc sch:

max
bv
mat
BCNS = BLN + h BCNS = 3, 2 + 0,5 = 3,7 m
Trong :
max
+ max
BLN : Ct mc nc cao nht b lc nhanh, BLN = 3,2 m
bv
bv
+ hBCNS
: Chiu cao bo v, hBCNS
= 0,5 m
Cao trnh y b cha nc sch:

mat
ay
BCNS = CBCNS h BCNS = 3,7 5,5 = 1,8 m
Trong hBCNS l chiu cao ton phn ca b, hBCNS = 5,5 m

3.
Ct mc nc trong b lng ngang:

-
Cao trnh mt nc trong b lng:

mang
lang loc
max
+ hb.lang = 7,3 + 1 + 0,6 = 7,9m
BL = BLN + hong
Cao trnh mc nc trong ngn thu nc b lng:

thu
mang
= max
BL
BL 0,1 = 7,9 0,1 = 7,8m
Cao trnh mt b lng:

max
mat
BL = BL + hbv = 7,9 + 0,5 = 8,4 m
Cao trnh mc nc trong ngn phn phi nc b lng:

phan phoi
BL
= max
BL + 0,1 = 7,9 + 0,1 = 8m
Cao trnh y b lng pha b lc:

phia loc
BL
= mat
BL H xd = 8, 4 3,7 = 4,7 m
Cao trnh y b lng pha b phn ng:

phan ung
phia loc
dau
= BL
i Llang = 4,7 3% 25 4m
BL
4.
Ct mc nc trong b phn ng c vch ngn ng:

-
Cao trnh mc nc ln nht trong b phn ng c vch ngn ng:
39

phan ung lang
phan phoi
max
+ hong
BPU = BL
+ h phan ung = 8 + 0 + 0,1 = 8,1m
Cao
trnh mt ca b phn ng:

max
mat
BPU = BPU + hbv = 8,1 + 0,5 = 8,6m
- Cao trnh y ca b phn ng c vch ngn ng:

mat
day
BPU = BPU H xd = 8,6 4,2 = 4, 4m
Cao trnh nc ra ca b phn ng:

ra be
phan phoi
BPU = BL
= 8m
V hp khi.
-
Cao trnh nc vo ca b phn ng:

max
vao
BPU = BPU + 0,1 = 8,1 + 0,1 = 8, 2m
5.
Ct mc nc trong b trn ng:

-
Cao trnh mc nc ln nht trong b trn ng:

vao
BT BPU
max
+ hBt = 8,2 + 0,4 + 0,6 = 9,2m
BT = BPU + hong
BT BPU
(Trong hong
=0,4, v hp khi nn ta ly bng tn tht t b trn n b lng)
Cao trnh mc nc trong mng thu nc b trn ng:

thu
mang
= max
BT
BT 0,1 = 9, 2 0,1 = 9,1m
Cao trnh mt b trn ng:

max
mat
BT = BT + hbv = 9,1 + 0,5 = 9,6m
Cao trnh y phn hnh vung ca b trn ng:

vung
ay
= max
BT
BT hhinh vuong = 9, 2 2,4 = 6,8m
Cao trnh y ca b trn ng:

mat
ay
BT = BT H xd = 9,6 4,6 = 5m
40
Phn IV
TNH TON CC CNG TRNH PH TRONG
DY CHUYN CNG NGH
1. Tnh din tch sn phi ct .
- Din tch sn phi ct phi m phi 10% ton b lng ct trong b lc.
- Chiu dy lp ct phi bng 5 10 cm, chn 10cm = 0,1m.
Th tch khi ct 1 b lc bng din tch b nhn vi chiu dy lp vt liu

lc:
Vb = f 1be .hVL =16,5.1,3 = 21,54
m3
Din tch sn phi ct bng 10% th tch khi ct chia cho chiu dy lp
ct phi:
S =
21,54 4 0,1
= 86,16
0,1
m2
* Chn 2 sn phi ct b tr 2 pha ca khi b lc.
Din tch ca mt sn phi ct:

S1 =
86,16
= 43 m2
2
C kch thc mi sn l: L x B = 8,2 m x 5,3 m = 43,5 m2
2. Tnh din tch sn phi bn .

- S lng bn tch t li cc b lng sau mt ngy m c tnh theo
cng thc:
Gcan lang =
Q ( C1 C 2 )
, ( kg )
1000
Trong :
+ Gcn lng: Trng lng cn kh tch t li b lng sau mt ngy m, kg.
+ Q: Lu lng nc x l, Q = 8500 m3/ng.
+ C1: Hm lng cn trong nc i vo b lng, C1 = 724,88 mg/l.
+ C2: Hm lng cn nc i ra khi b, ly bng 10 mg/l = 10 g/m3
41

Gcan =
8500 ( 724,88 10 )
= 6077 kg
1000
- - S lng bn tch t li cc b lc sau mt ngy m c tnh theo

cng thc:
Gcan loc =
Q ( C1 C 2 )
, ( kg )
1000
Trong :
+ Gcn lc: Trng lng cn kh tch t li b lc sau mt ngy m, kg
+ C1: Hm lng cn trong nc i vo b lc, ly bng hm lng cn i ra
khi b lng, C1 = 10 g/m3.
+ C2: Hm lng cn trong nc i ra khi b lc, khng ln hn 3 g/m3, ta
chn 3 g/m3
Gcan loc =
8500 (10 3)
= 60 kg
1000
- Tng hm lng cn kh trung bnh x ra mt ngy m:

G = Gcanlang + Gcan loc = 6077 + 60 = 6137 kg = 6,137 tan
* Tnh sn phi bn c kh nng gi bn li trong vng 1 thng.

- Lng bn kh to thnh trong 1 thng:
G = 6,137 . 30 = 184,11 Tn
Ta thit k 2 sn phi bn hnh ch nht c tng din tch l 200 m2, kch
thc mi sn L x B = 12,5 x 8 m
- Sau khi phi kh, bn t n m 60 %, nn khi lng bn kh sau
khi phi l:
Gkho = 6,137
100
= 15,34 T
40
- T trng bn m 60% l 1,2 T/m3, vy th tch bn kh l:

Vkh =
G kh 15,34
=
12,8 m 3
kh
1,2
- Chiu cao bn kh trong sn l:

hkh =
Vkh 12,8
=
0,064m
F
200
- Chn chiu cao d tr hdt = 0,3 m, chiu dy lp si y sn hsoi = 0,3 m

Vy chiu cao thnh mng ca sn phi bn l:
hsn = hdt + hsoi + hkh= 0,3 + 0,3 +0,064 = 0,66 m
42

Vy: Sn phi bn c kch thc L x B = 12,5 x 8 m, chiu dy sn 0,66 m.
3. Tnh kh trng nc.

a. Lng Clo cn dng.
- Kh trng nc bng Clo lng, vi thit b phn phi Clo bng Clorator.
- Clorator dng nh lng Clo hi vo nc.
- Chn loi Clorator chn khng
- Theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.162, trang 84, c quy nh i vi nc mt
th lng Clo cn dng 2 3 mg/l, chn LCl kh trng = 3 mg/l
* Lng Clo cn thit trong mt gi c xc nh theo cng thc:
qCl2 =
Q LCl 2
1000
, kg/h
Trong :
+ Q: Cng sut x l, Q = 8500 m3/ng. = 354,17 m3/h.
+ LCl : Lng Clo cn thit kh trng gm:
2
LCl2 = LKhutrung
+ LSobo
Cl 2
Cl 2
Khutrung
Trong : LCl
= 3 mg/l = 3 g/m3
2
Sobo
; LCl = 18,6 mg/l = 18,6 g/m3
2
LCl2 = 3 + 18,6 = 21,6 g/m3

qCl2 =
354,17 21,6
= 7,65 kg/h
1000
Lng Clo dng trong mt ngy m l 7,65 . 24 = 183,6 kg/ng. trong 1

thng th lng Clo cn dng l 5508 kg/thng.
* Lu lng nc cp cho trm Clo:
nuoc
Qcap
= 0,6 qCl2 = 0,6 7,65 = 4,6 m3/h = 1,28 l/s
Trong : 0,6 m3/kgClo: L lng nc tnh ton cho Clorator lm vic

(TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.169, trang 85)
* ng knh ng vn chuyn nc vo Clorator
D=
nuoc
4.Qcap
v ong
4 1,28 10 3
= 0,05 m = 50 mm
0,6
Trong : vng - Vn tc nc chy trong ng, vng = 0,6 m/s
Vy ng knh ng dn nc vo Clorator c D = 50 mm, vn tc nc trong

ng l 0,6 m/s.
43

* Nng sut bc hi ca Clo khi nhit phng i vi bnh ng Clo ta chn 1
kg/h cho 1m2 b mt thnh bnh (TCXDVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.164, trang 84)
S bnh Clo lm vic ng thi l N =
qCl2
1
7,65
= 7,65
1
Vy ta dng 8 bnh Clo s dng ng thi.

* S bnh Clo d tr dng cho 30 ngy l:
+ Lng Clo dng trong 30 ngy l qCl30 ngay = 5508 kg / thang
+ Ta dng Clo lng kh trng, c t trng Cl = 1,47 kg/l
2
Tng lng dung dich Clo cn dng trong 30 ngy l:

30 ngay
qCl
long =
30 ngay
q Cl
5508
=
= 3747 l/thng
Cl
1,47
Chn 4 bnh Clo loi 1000 (l), 3 bnh hot ng, 1 bnh d phng.
b. Cu to trm Clo
-
Trm Clo c xy dng cui hng gi.
- Trm c xy dng gm 2 phng ring bit, 1 phng ng Clorator, phng

cn li cha bnh Clo lng, cc phng c ca thot him.
- Trm c xy cch ly vi xung quanh bng cc ca kn, c h thng thng
gi 24h /24h.
- Trong trm c gin phun ma p lc cao, c b cha dung dch trung ha Clo,
khi c s c dung tch bnh hoc b trung ha.
- ng dn Clo phi tnh vi iu kin gim p xung vt qu 1,5 2
kg/cm2.
- dn Clo lng v Clo kh phi dng ng thp c, ng cao su hoc cc loi
ng khc m bo kn v chu ng c p lc cn thit khi vn chuyn khi
Clo t kho n my nh liu lng cn thit k, s ng dn Clo khng t hn 2.
Cc on ng dn Clo nm h ra ngoi khng kh, cn c lp bo v chng tc
dng ca nh sng mt tri.
- ng dn Clo c chiu di n 500m, phi c dc chung 0,01 v pha thng
ng Clo lng v khng c php c cc mi ni c th to thnh vt chn thy
lc hoc nt kh. ng knh ng dn Clo khng c vt qu 80mm v c
tnh theo cng thc sau:
DCl2 = 1,2
QCl
,m
v
Trong :
44

+ Q: Lu lng giy ln nht ca Clo lng m 3/s, ly ln hn lu lng trung bnh
gi 3 5 ln, chn 5 ln, (TCVN 33 : 2006, iu 6.172, trang 86)
+ v: Tc trong ng ng, i vi Clo lng, ta c v = 0,8 m/s
DCl = 1,2
183,6 5 10 3
= 0,02
0,8 3600
m = 20 mm
Vy ng dn Clo c ng knh D = 20 mm, vn tc trong ng bng 0,8 m/s

c. Din tch trm Clo.
Din tch trm Clo ly theo tiu chun: 3m 2 cho mt Clorator, 4m2 cho mt
cn bn.
Trm c tt c c 8 Clorator lm vic v 4 Cl lng d tr.
Vy tng din tch ca trm l:

F = 8.3 + 8.4 = 56 m2
Trm c thit k chia lm 2 phng:
+ Mt phng cha Clorator c din tch f1 = 30 m2

+ Mt phng cha bnh Clo lng c din tch f2 = 26 m2
Kch thc xy dng ca mt trm L x B = 9 x 6,4 m
4. Tnh ton bm tun hon nc ra lc v b iu ha.

a.
Tnh ton bm tun hon nc ra lc.
m bo bm tun hon khi lm vic khng nh hng n ch thy lc

ca cc cng trnh x l, th lu lng bm tun hon phi thoi mn iu kin:
W
< q th < 5%Qtram
24
Ta c 5% Qtrm = 0,05 . 354,17 = 17,71 (m3/h)

Mt khc, ta c lu lng nc ra lc trong mt ngy l:
V ta ra lc bng nc gi kt hp, khi ra kt hp nc v gi, cng nc
ly bng 2,5 l/s.m2 trong thi gian 5 pht. Cui cng ngng ra gi v tip tc ra
nc thun ty vi cng 8 l/s.m2 trong thi gian 5 pht.
Th tch nc ra lc ca mt b l:
Vruabe =
2,5 60 5
8 60 5
F +
F = 3,15F m3 = 3,15 . 16,5
1000
1000
52 m3
Ta c chu k ra lc mt ngy l 2 ln v 4 b lc, nn ta c lu lng

nc ra lc trong mt ngy l:
W =
52 2 4
= 17,33 m3/h
24
45

Vy cn chn bm c lu lng qth = 17,33 m3/h
b.
Tnh ton b iu ha lu lng nc ra

Th tch b iu ha nc ra lc c tnh theo cng thc:
Vieuhoa = n V1berua n q th t = 4 52 4 17,33 1 = 139 m 3
Trong :
+ n: S b lc, n = 4
+ t: Thi gian gia hai ln ra cc b k tip nhau, t = 1h
Thit k b hnh vung, c chiu cao h = 3m, B x L = 6,8 x 6,8m. B c
xy dng chm hoc ni trn mt t sao cho mc nc cao nht trong b iu ha
thp hn mc nc trong mng thu nc ra lc khi tin hnh ra b lc.
5. Din tch trm bm cp II.
Vi cng sut ca trm x l Q = 8500 m3/ng., th trm bm c din tch
Sbm II = 35 m2, kch thc L x B = 10 x 3,5 m.
6. Din tch trm bm cp I: c kch thc L x B = 6 x 4 m = 24 m2
7. Din tch trm bin th: c kch thc L x B = 4 x 4 m = 16 m2
8. Din tch xng sa cha: c kch thc L x B = 5 x 5m
9. Din tch xng c kh v ng ng: c kch thc L x B = 6 x 5m
10. Din tch nh trung tm: c kch thc L x B = 16 x 7m
11. Din tch nh ha cht: c kch thc L x B = 4,4 x 3,8m
12. Din tch nh bo v: c kch thc L x B = 4 x 3m
13. Din tch nh xe: c kch thc L x B = 9 x 4m
14. Din tch phng th nghim: c kch thc L x B = 5 x 4m
46
PH LC
Trang
Phn I..................................................................................................................... 1
LA CHN DY CHUYN CNG NGH......................................................1
I. Xc nh cc ch tiu cn li trong nhim v thit k...........................................1
1. Tng hm lng mui ha tan.............................................................................1
2. Hm lng CO2 ha tan trong nc ngun.........................................................1
3. Xc nh v kim tra kim ton phn v cng...........................................2
II. nh gi cht lng nc ngun........................................................................2
III. S dy chuyn x l.....................................................................................3
IV. Xc nh liu lng ha cht a vo nc......................................................4
1. Xc nh lng clo ha s b..............................................................................4
2. Xc nh liu lng phn Lp...............................................................................4
V. Xc nh cc ch tiu c bn ca nc sau khi x l..........................................5
1. Xc nh kim Ki*..........................................................................................5
2. Xc nh hm lng CO2....................................................................................6
3. Xc nh pH*.................................................................................................6
4. Xc nh pH trng thi cn bng bo ha (pHs)...............................................6
5. Kim tra n nh ca nc sau khi keo t......................................................6
6. Hm lng cn ln nht sau khi x l.................................................................6
Phn II.................................................................................................................... 8
TNH TON CU TO CC CNG TRNH TRONG DY CHUYN X L
1. B ha trn phn..................................................................................................8
2. B pha ch dung dich vi..................................................................................10
3. Thit b nh lng............................................................................................11
4. Kho d tr ha cht...........................................................................................12
5. B trn ng......................................................................................................13
6. B phn ng c vch ngn ng.......................................................................16
7. B lng ngang thu nc cui b.....................................................................18
47

8. B lc nhanh trng lc ......................................................................................24
9. B cha nc sch ............................................................................................37
Phn III................................................................................................................38
TNH TON CAO TRNH TRONG DY CHUYN CNG NGH............38
1.Ct mc nc trong b lc nhanh.......................................................................38
2.Ct mc nc trong b cha nc sch.............................................................39
3.Ct mc nc trong b lng ngang.....................................................................39
4.Ct mc nc trong b phn ng c vch ngn ng........................................40
5.Ct mc nc trong b trn ng.......................................................................40
Phn IV................................................................................................................41
TNH TON CC CNG TRNH PH TRONG DY CHUYN CNG NGH
1. Tnh din tch sn phi ct ................................................................................41

2. Tnh din tch sn phi bn ..............................................................................41
3. Tnh kh trng nc..........................................................................................43
4. Tnh ton bm tun hon nc ra lc v b iu ha......................................45
48

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n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

P = Me + + Ae + 1,4 Fe 2+ + 0,5 HCO3 + 0,13 SiO32

= Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ + Na + + NH 4+ = 60,12 +12,16 + 23 +1,2 = 96,48 ( mg / l )

Ae : Tng cc ion m c trong nc ngun, tr HCO3- v SiO32

Ae =[ SO ] + [Cl ] + [ NO ] + [ NO ] = 57 + 45 + 1 + 0,8 = 103,8

P =96,48 +103,8 +1,4.0,22 +0,5.185 +0,13.0,5 =293,153

hm lng mui ha tan l 293,153 (mg/l)

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

[CO2] = 9,3 (mg/l)

KiTP = 0 + 185/61 +0 = 0,03 (mgl/l)

KiTP, CTP, Ck s liu tnh ton c xc nh ng.

II. nh gi cht lng nc ngun.

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

T nhng iu kin phn tch trn, ta chn s dy chuyn cng ngh x l

Thit k dy chuyn cng ngh

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

IV. Xc nh liu lng ha cht a vo nc.

LCl = 18,6 (mg/l)

So snh ta thy LPtr > Lptt nn ta ly Lp = 53,97 (mg/l) x l

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

kim ca nc m bo keo t, khng cn phi kim ha.

V. Xc nh cc ch tiu c bn ca nc sau khi x l.

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

CO2* = CO20 + 44.

4. Xc nh pH trng thi cn bng bo ha (pHs).

+ to = 21 (oC), tra biu ta c f1(to) = 2,08

5. Kim tra n nh ca nc sau khi keo t.

tnh theo hm lng CaO trong trng hp pH*<pHs<8,4 l:

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

* Kim tra xem ta c thm Sa vo hay khng:

Vy: DK = 43,68 < dk = 129,5 X l n nh nc bng vi, khng dng thm

Trong : K: sch ca phn, vi phn loi B, K = 1

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

Hnh 1. B ha trn phn

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

Chn 2 b ha trn, mt b cng tc v mt b d phng.

S vng quay ca cnh qut ly theo TCXDVN 33 : 2006 , mc 6.22,

ca b, ta chon l = 0,4 . 1 = 0,4 (m)

bng 0,23 (m2)

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

2. B pha ch dung dich vi.

Hnh 2. B khuy trn vi sa bng my trn cch qut

12)h, ta chn n = 10 (h)

+ Lv: Liu lng vi, Lv = 43,68 (mg/l)

Thit k b khuy trn vi sa bng my trn cnh qut. B xy hnh trn, c

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

- Xy dng 2 b, trong mt b cng tc, b cn li d phng.

b. Thit b nh lng vi.

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

b. Tnh cho kho vi.

Tng din tch kho d tr:

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

1. Th tch ca mi b c tnh theo cng thc:

n mn hc Thit K Trm X L Nc Cp Cng Sut 8500 m3/ng.

2. Din tch phn trn b, vi vn tc v1 = 25 (mm/s) = 0,025 (m/s)

3. Din tch y di b, vi vn tc v2 = 1,2 (m/s)

4. Xy dng b bng b tng ct thp, c kch thc:

- Kch thc phn y di b (phn hnh cn) l b (m):

5. Chiu cao phn di y b l h1 (m):

7. Th tch phn trn ca b trn:

8. Chiu cao phn trn ca b l h2 (m):

9. Chiu cao ton phn ca c b trn (k c h3: Chiu cao bo v ly = 0,5

10. Vi Q1be = 177,08 (m3/h) = 0,0492 (m3/s) = 49,2 (l/s), ta c ng knh ng