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CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM.

c lp T do Hnh phc
----------- ----------

THUYT MINH
D N U T XY DNG

NH MY SN XUT VIN G NN

N V T VN
A IM

:
:

Thng: 10 nm 2012

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp T do Hnh phc
----------- ----------

THUYT MINH
D N U T XY DNG

NH MY SN XUT VIN G NN
WOOD PELLETS.

CH U T:

N V T VN:
CNG TY TNHH MY M C
T VN U T

T N H NG NH

- Thng 10 nm 2012

M C LC
CHNG I: TNG QUAN CHUNG V D N ............................................................... 5
I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t................................................................................................... 5
I.2. M t s b thng tin d n.............................................................................................. 5
I.3. Cn c php l xy dng d n ........................................................................................ 5
CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N........................................................ 8
II.1. Cn c xc nh s cn thit v tnh cp thit ca d n ................................................ 8
II.1.1. Phn tch mi trng v m.......................................................................................... 8
II.1.2. Chnh sch pht trin ca t nc ................................................................................. 8
II.2. Cc iu kin v c s ca d n....................................................................................... 9
II.2.1. Ngun nguyn liu ......................................................................................................... 9
II.2.2. Mi trng thc hin d n ......................................................................................... 14
II.3. nh gi th trng: Phn tch cung -cu ..................................................................... 19
II.4. Phn tch c hi............................................................................................................. 20
II.4.1. Phn tch SWOT ........................................................................................................ 20
II.4.2. Chin lc pht trin th trng................................................................................. 21
CHNG III: S CN THIT U T D N ............................................................ 22
CHNG IV: A IM XY DNG ............................................................................. 23
IV.1. V tr xy dng............................................................................................................. 23
IV.2. iu kin t nhin ....................................................................................................... 23
IV.3. Hin trng h tng k thut ......................................................................................... 24
IV.4. Kt lun....................................................................................................................... 25
CHNG V: QUY M V PHNG N K THUT .................................................. 26
V.1. Quy m v din tch xy dng ...................................................................................... 26
V.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh .............................................................................................. 26
V.3. Phng n k thut ....................................................................................................... 28
V.3.1. Vin nn g ................................................................................................................ 28
V.3.2. Ch tiu k thut......................................................................................................... 30
V.3.3. Quy trnh cng ngh .................................................................................................. 32
CHNG VI: GII PHP THC HIN ........................................................................... 34
VI.1. Gii php thi cng xy dng....................................................................................... 34
VI.2. Hnh thc qun l d n .............................................................................................. 35
VI.3. Tin thc hin d n ............................................................................................... 35
VI.4. Phng n s dng lao ng ....................................................................................... 35
CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ................................................ 37
VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng.................................................................................... 37
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung ...................................................................................................... 37
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng ...................................................... 37
VII.2. Tc ng ca d n ti mi trng ............................................................................ 37
VII.2.1. Giai on xy dng d n ....................................................................................... 38
VII.2.2. Giai on d n vo khai thc s dng ............................................................
39
VII.3. Kt lun ...................................................................................................................... 41

CHUNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N............................................................... 42


VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t........................................................................................ 42
VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t ........................................................................................ 43
VIII.2.1. Ni dung................................................................................................................ 43
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t........................................................................................ 46
CHNG IX: NGUN VN THC HIN D N ......................................................... 48
IX.1. Ngun vn u t ca d n........................................................................................ 48
IX.1.1. Cu trc ngun vn v phn b vn u t.............................................................. 48
IX.1.2. Tin s dng vn ................................................................................................. 48
IX.1.3. Ngun vn thc hin d n ...................................................................................... 49
IX.1.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay ........................................................ 50
IX.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n ......................................................................................... 52
IX.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng..................................................................................................... 52
IX.2.2. Chi ph hot ng ..................................................................................................... 53
IX.2.3. Gi thnh sn phm .................................................................................................. 55
IX.2.4. Phn tch nhy theo gi bn xut khu ................................................................ 55
CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T -TI CHNH ............................................................ 56
X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton......................................................................... 56
X.2. Doanh thu t d n....................................................................................................... 56
X.3. Cc ch tiu kinh t ca d n ....................................................................................... 58
X.4. nh gi hiu qu kinh t - x hi ................................................................................ 60
CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH ..................................................................... 61
XI.1. Kt lun....................................................................................................................... 61
XI.2. Kin ngh ..................................................................................................................... 62

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

CHNG I: TNG QUAN CHUNG V D N


I.1. Gii thiu v ch u t
Ch u t
:
M s thu
:
Ngy ng k ln u :
Ngy ng k ln 2 :
Ni ng k
:
a ch tr s
:

Chc v

: Gim c

I.2. M t s b thng tin d n


Tn d n
: Nh my sn xut vin g nn
a im xy dng
:
Mc tiu d n
: Xy dng Nh my sn xut vin g nn (Wood pellet)
Hnh thc u t
: u t xy dng mi
Hnh thc qun l
: Ch u t trc tip qun l d n thng qua ban Qun l d
n do ch u t thnh lp.
Din tch s dng t :
Cng sut thc hin :
Tng mc u t
:
+ Giai on 1
:
Ngun vn u t : Vn ch s hu 70% (), vn vay 30% ()
+ Giai on 2
: ch u t t b thm ng
Thi gian thc hin : 15 nm
I.3. Cn c php l xy dng d n
Vn bn php l
Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca cc Lut lin quan n u t xy dng c
bn ca Quc hi kha XII, k hp th 5 s 38/2009/QH12 ngy 19/6/2009;
Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam;
Lut u t s 59/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam;
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut u thu s 61/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Lut Kinh doanh Bt ng sn 63/2006/QH11 ngy 29/6/2006 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Nh 56/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit
Nam;
:

Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi
nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
B lut Dn s s 33/2005/QH11 ngy 14/6/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Lut thu Gi tr gia tng s 13/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/02/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d
n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Ngh nh s 124/2008 N-CP ngy 11 thng 12 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph v thu
thu nhp doanh nghip;
Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph Qui nh chi tit thi
hnh Lut Thu gi tr gia tng;
Ngh nh 140/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 22 thng 11 nm 2006 quy nh
vic bo v mi trng trong cc khu lp, thm nh, ph duyt v t chc thc hin cc
chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch, chng trnh v d n pht trin;
Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic qui
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d n
u t v xy dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 83/2009/N-CP ngy 15/10/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic sa, i b
sung mt s iu Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic
Qun l d n u t v xy dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i b sung
mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic
quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph
u t xy dng cng trnh;
Ngh nh s 35/2003/N-CP ngy 4/4/2003 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit mt s
iu lut phng chy v cha chy;
Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l
cht lng cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca
Chnh ph v vic sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/05/2008 ca B xy dng hng dn vic
lp v qun l chi ph kho st xy dng;
Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BXD ngy 15/04/2009 ca B Xy dng hng dn iu
chnh d ton xy dng cng trnh;
Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/05/2008 ca B Xy dng hng dn vic
lp v qun l chi ph kho st xy dng;
Thng t s 33/2007/TT-BTC ngy 09/4/2007 ca B Ti chnh hng dn quyt
ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v
cam kt bo v mi trng;
Quyt nh s 3759/Q.UB-CN ngy 03 thng 10 nm 2003 ca y ban Nhn dn
tnh v vic thnh lp Khu cng nghip.

Ngh quyt s 182/2007/NQ-HND ca HND Tnh v mt s chnh sch u i,


h tr cc d n u t trn a bn tnh ;
Quyt nh s 101/2007/Q-UBND ngy 06 thng 09 nm 2007 v vic ban hnh
Quy nh mt s chnh sch u i, h tr u t trn a bn tnh ;
Cng vn s 1777/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic cng b
nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn lp t h thng in trong cng trnh, ng
v ph tng ng, bo n ng ng, ph tng v thit b khai thc nc ngm;
Cng vn s 1779/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic cng b
nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn Kho st xy dng;
nh mc chi ph qun l d n v Tho Nguyn Xanh Group u t xy dng km
theo Quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
Cc vn bn khc ca Nh nc lin quan n lp Tng mc u t, tng d ton v
d ton cng trnh;
Cc tiu chun:
D n Nh my sn xut vin g nn c xy dng da trn nhng tiu chun,
quy chun chnh nh sau:
Tiu chun chu u EN14961: Tiu chun cht lng v sn xut vin g nn;
Tiu chun ca EPA : Tiu chun quc t v bo v mi trng;
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam (tp 1, 2, 3 xut bn 1997-BXD);
Quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BXD ngy 03/4/2008. Ban hnh Quy chun k thut
Quc gia v Quy hoch xy dng (QCVN: 01/2008/BXD);
TCVN 2737-1995
: Ti trng v tc ng- Tiu chun thit k;
TCXD 45-1978
: Tiu chun thit k nn nh v cng trnh;
TCVN 6160 1996 : Yu cu chung v thit k, lp t, s dng h thng cha
chy;
TCVN 5673:1992
: Tiu Chun Thit k h thng cp thot nc bn trong;
11TCN 19-84
: ng dy in;
EVN
: Yu cu ca ngnh in lc Vit Nam (Electricity of Viet
Nam).
QCVN 24
: Quy chun quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.

CHNG II: BI CNH V CN C CA D N


II.1. Cn c xc nh s cn thit v tnh cp thit ca d n
II.1.1. Phn tch mi trng v m
Theo Tng cc Thng k, tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam su thng u nm 2012 gp
nhiu kh khn. Tng sn phm trong nc (GDP) c tnh tng 4.38% so vi cng k
nm 2011, trong qu I tng 4.00%; qu II tng 4.66%. Trong mc tng trng chung
ca ton nn kinh t su thng u nm nay, khu vc nng, lm nghip v thy sn tng
2.81%, ng gp 0.48 im phn trm; khu vc cng nghip v xy dng tng 3.81%,
ng gp 1.55 im phn trm; khu vc dch v tng 5.57%, ng gp 2.35 im phn
trm.
Tng trng kinh t su thng u nm nay t mc thp do nhiu ngnh, lnh vc
gp kh khn trong sn xut kinh doanh v tiu th sn phm. Sn xut cng nghip chim
t trng ln nhng kt qu tng thp. Tuy nhin, t qu II nn kinh t c nhng chuyn

bin tch cc, c bit i vi khu vc cng nghip v xy dng: Gi tr tng thm ca khu
vc ny qu I nm nay ch tng 2.94% so vi cng k nm trc, sang qu II tng ln
4.52%, trong cng nghip tng t 4.03% ln 5.40%.V xut khu hng ha, kim ngch
hng ha xut khu thng su c tnh t 9.8
t USD, tng 0.6% so vi thng trc v tng 13.6% so vi cng k nm 2011. Tnh
chung su thng u nm, kim ngch hng ha xut khu t 53.1 t USD, tng 22.2% so
vi cng k nm trc, bao gm: Khu vc kinh t trong nc t 20.5 t USD, tng 4%;
khu vc c vn u t nc ngoi (k c du th) t 32.6 t USD, chim 61.5% tng
kim ngch (Cng k nm 2011 chim 54.7%) v tng 37.3%. Nu loi tr yu t gi, kim
ngch hng ha xut khu su thng u nm c tnh t 52.9 t USD, tng 21,7%. iu
ny cho thy mc tng kim ngch hng ha xut khu su thng u nm nay ch yu do
lng xut khu tng, yu t gi hu nh khng ng gp vo mc tng chung v y l
im khc bit vi su thng u nm 2011. Lng cao su xut khu su thng u nm
tng 41% so vi cng k nm trc; sn v sn phm ca sn tng 73.5%; ht iu tng
44.8%; c ph tng 22.3%.; G v sn phm g t 2.2 t USD, tng 24.4%.
Vi nhng hn ch cng nh kt qu t c th nhn chung kinh t Vit Nam 6
thng u nm 2012 gp nhiu kh khn, nh nc cn c nhng bin php thch hp
nhm y mnh tng trng kinh t. Gii phn tch cho rng mc tiu gi t l lm pht
t l 1 con s v duy tr tng trng kinh t khong 6% trong nm i hi phi n lc
rt nhiu.
II.1.2. Chnh sch pht trin ca t nc
- Quyt nh s 432/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic Ph duyt Chin
lc pht trin bn vng Vit Nam giai on 2011 2020.
-

Quyt nh s 177/2007/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph : V vic ph duyt


n pht trin nhin liu sinh hc n nm 2015, tm nhn n nm 2025
+ Mc tiu tng qut:
Tng trng bn vng, c hiu qu, i i vi tin , cng bng x hi, bo v ti
nguyn v mi trng, gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi, bo v vng chc c lp, ch
quyn, thng nht v ton vn lnh th quc gia.
+ Cc mc tiu c th:
- Bo m n nh kinh t v m, c bit l cc cn i ln; gi vng an ninh
lng thc, an ninh nng lng, an ninh ti chnh. Chuyn i m hnh tng trng sang
pht trin hi ha gia chiu rng v chiu su; tng bc thc hin tng trng xanh,
pht trin kinh t cc bon thp. S dng tit kim, hiu qu mi ngun lc.
- Xy dng x hi dn ch, k cng, ng thun, cng bng, vn minh; nn vn
ha tin tin, m bn sc dn tc; gia nh m no, tin b, hnh phc; con ngi pht
trin ton din v tr tu, o c, th cht, tinh thn, nng lc sng to, thc cng dn,
tun th php lut. Gio dc v o to, khoa hc v cng ngh tr thnh ng lc pht
trin quan trng. Gi vng n nh chnh tr - x hi, bo v vng chc c lp, ch
quyn, thng nht v ton vn lnh th quc gia.

- Gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc ca hot ng kinh t n mi trng. Khai


thc hp l v s dng c hiu qu cc ngun ti nguyn, thin nhin, c bit l ti
nguyn khng ti to. Phng nga, kim sot v khc phc nhim, suy thoi mi
trng, ci thin cht lng mi trng, bo v v pht trin rng, bo tn a dng sinh
hc. Hn ch tc hi ca thin tai, ch ng thch ng c hiu qu vi bin i kh hu,
nht l nc bin dng.
Nh vy, D n Nh my sn xut vin g nn ph hp vi bi cnh kinh t ca
t nc, ph hp vi chnh sch pht trin bn vng, chnh sch s dng hiu qu ngun
ti nguyn, gp phn bo v mi trng m chnh ph nh hng.
II.2. Cc iu kin v c s ca d n
II.2.1. Ngun nguyn liu
Tim nng v s a dng ti nguyn g
Tim nng v s a dng ti nguyn g Vit Nam tp trung ch yu vo i tng
t c rng l rng sn xut. V rng phng h v rng c dng cn c bo v duy
tr phng h v bo tn a dng sinh hc, vic khai thc s dng rt hn ch, y ch
tp trung nh gi tim nng v s a dng ti nguyn g ca rng sn xut.
+ V din tch:
Theo Quyt nh s 1828/Q/BNN-TCLN ngy 11/8/2011 ca B trng B Nng
nghip & PTNT, din tch rng ton quc tnh n 31/12/2010 nh sau:
Biu 1: DIN TCH RNG TON QUC

Loi t loi rng


t c rng
A. Rng t nhin
1. Rng g
2. Rng tre na

LLR
1000
1100
1110
1120

u nm
13.258.538
10.338.591
8.235.438
621.135

Thay i

Cui nm

trong nm
129.537
- 33.775
- 8.686
- 49.252

13.388.075
10.304.816
8.226.752
571.883

44.213

79.932

n v tnh: Ha
Ngoi 3
Trong 3 loi rng
loi
DD
PH
SX
rng
2.002.276 4.846.196 6.373.491 166.112
1.922.465 4.231.931 4.097.041 53.378
1.480.841 3.373.283 3.338.212 34.417
56.017
156.338
355.409
4.118

3. Rng hn
Giao
4. Rng ngp
mn
5. Rng ni
B. Rng trng
1. RT c tr
lng
2. RT cha c
tr.lng

3. Tre lung
4. Cy c sn
5. RT l cy
ngp mn, phn

1250

35.719

4.619

30.773

39.433

5,107

Ton quc nm 2010 c che ph rng ton quc l 39.5%, trong khi nm 1998 ch
t 32%.
+ V tr lng:
n nm 2010 tr lng g ca c nc l 935.3 triu m3, tng 24.4% so vi 1998.
Biu 2: TNG HP DIN TCH V CHE PH RNG CA CC TNH BC TRUNG B
Tnh n ngy 31/12/2010
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 1828/Q-BNN-TCLN ngy 11/8/2011)
Din tch c rng (ha)
Vng

(1)

M
tnh

(2)

401

Tn tnh, TP
Tng s

(3)

(4) = (5)+(6)

Rng t nhin

(5)

che
ph
rng
(%)

Rng trng
Tng

Cp tui 1

(6)

(7)

(9)

Ton quc

39.5

Thanh Ho

49.0

402

52.3

403

H Tnh

50.2

404

Qung Bnh

66.9

405

Qung Tr

46.7

406

T.Thin Hu

56.5

Ring vi , a bn u t xy dng Nh my sn xut vin g nn, rng ni y


mang nhiu nt in hnh ca thm thc vt rng Vit Nam. Theo thng k c n 153
h, 522 chi v 986 loi cy thn g, cha k n loi thn tho, thn leo v h ng.
Trong c 23 loi thn g v 6 loi thn tho c ghi vo sch Vit Nam. Rng tp
trung cc vng i ni vi hai kiu rng ph bin l rng kn thng xanh, phn b

cao di 700m v rng kn hn giao cy l kim, phn b cao ln hn 700m.


Rng vn l ngun nguyn liu quan trng cho khai thc v pht trin cc ngnh cng
nghip. Nm 2010, tng din tch c rng ca tnh l 874,510 ha, tng tr lng g hin
3
3
cn khong 52 triu m , trong c ti 42,5 vn m g Pmu. Tr lng tre, na, mt
khong trn 1 t cy. Vi che ph rng 52.3%, ti nguyn rng cao hn mt bng
chung so vi c nc.
Thc trng khai thc v ch bin g ca Vit Nam
Theo Hip hi G v Lm sn Vit Nam, hin nay thc trng cng nghip khai thc
v ch bin g ca Vit Nam cn hn ch.
- Trong khai thc, t l li dng g ch t 30-35% th tch thn cy. Phn ln khi
gc, r, cnh, ngn, l, cy su bnh, dp v c b li trong rng.
- Trong khu ca x, t l thnh kh ch t trung bnh 60% th tch.
T l li dng chung ch t (30-35%) x 60% = 18-21%. Nh vy, mt lng rt
ln ph liu g cha c s dng hp l, gy lng ph rt ln v ti nguyn g.
Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh khai thc, vn xut, vn chuyn, lu bi, g b suy gim
cht lng do nm mc v cn trng ph hoi.
Qua chng ta nhn thy rng, trnh k thut, cng ngh khai thc ch bin
g ca Vit Nam cn rt lc hu, ch bin ch yu theo phng php th cng, cc c s
ch bin nh l, manh mn, rt t c s ch bin tng hp, tn dng cc ngun ph liu,
mc c gii ho, t ng ho cha caoTrong khi , t l li dng g so vi ton
thn cy ca cc nc cng nghip pht trin, v d ca Nga l 80-85%; ca c l 9095%.
Tim nng s dng g ph liu
Khi nim g ph liu
Nguyn liu chnh ca cng nghip sn xut g c gi chung l g trn.
Cng nghip x c coi l cng on u tin ca ton b qu trnh ch bin li dng
g.
nh gi kh nng tn dng g ca mt c s sn xut, mt t nc, c th cn
c vo t l li dng. nh gi trnh k thut, kh nng tn dng g ca mt c s sn
xut, mt ngnh hay mt t nc, c th cn c vo t l thnh kh ca khu x g.
Sn phm g x bao gm sn phm chnh v sn phm ph
- Sn phm chnh l sn phm g x c kch thc v hnh dng ph hp tiu chun
nh trc hoc hp ng tho thun.
- Sn phm ph l sn phm g x phi tiu chun hoc khng ph hp yu cu ca
hp ng tho thun nhng vn c sn xut v tiu dng chp nhn.
Cc sn phm cn li c coi l g ph liu.
Khi nim:
G ph liu l cc dng nguyn liu g khng p ng yu cu ca nguyn liu g
x v cc sn phm ph ca cng nghip khai thc v ch bin g theo phng php c hc.
Khi lng g ph liu nhiu hay t tu thuc vo trnh k thut, cng ngh khai
thc v ch bin g, th hin qua t l li dng v t l thnh kh.
D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Ni chung, g ph liu bao gm cc dng sau:


- Ph liu ca cng nghip x bao gm: ba, ra, mn ca, u mu
- Ph liu t qu trnh sn xut mc bao gm: phoi bo, mn ca, bi (bt) g.

- Ph liu ca cng nghip sn xut g dn, g lng bao gm: vn mng vn, vn dn
vn, li bc, vn rc ra...
- Ph liu ca cng nghip sn xut dim, xy dng.
- Ph liu khai thc bao gm: cnh nhnh, u mu, g trn ng knh nh, g
khng hp quy cch, r cy, gc cy...
- G kh mc, cy bi...
- G v sn phm ph thi sau qu trnh s dng
c tnh ca g ph liu
Tu thuc mc ch s dng g ph liu, mc ch yu cu c t ra, c th xt
c tnh g ph liu di nhiu gc khc nhau.
Trc ht, g ph liu cng l nguyn liu g vi nhng c tnh vn c. Theo yu
cu ca vic s dng, ch bin, cn xc nh c cc c tnh nh hng ln n qu
trnh x l, ch bin v cht lng sn phm thu c.
c tnh chung ni bt ca g ph liu l s a dng v kch thc v loi g,
nh hng rt ln n vic phn loi theo yu cu x l, ch bin vi mc ch gim thiu
cc chi ph v gi thnh sn phm cui cng.
c tnh ca g ph liu theo cc lnh vc s dng:
+ Tn dng ph liu g sn xut vn dm, vn si
+ Tn dng ph liu g sn xut vn si tc
Tnh trng s dng g ph liu hin nay
Nh ni trn, do thi quen s dng, trnh k thut lc hu nn hin
ti chng ta ch s dng c mt lng rt nh nguyn liu g to ra cc sn phm
g ni chung.
i vi cc nc cng nghip pht trin, trnh dn tr cao, c thi ng x tt
vi mi trng t nhin, vic s dng ph liu g c coi l trch nhim v ngha v ca
cng dn. V d trong cng nghip sn xut vn dm, nguyn liu ch yu t ngun g ph
liu vi t l trn 50%.
i vi Vit Nam, ngun g ph liu hin nay khng c s dng ng, ph hp
vi tim nng v gi tr v mt kinh t v kha cnh mi trng.
Hin nay Vit Nam c rt t cc nh my ch bin g vi cng sut ln, cha c khu
sn xut ch bin g tp trung. Trong khi ngun g ph thi rt ln, khong 40% so vi
cng sut tnh theo g trn.
Ti mt s c s ch bin khp kn t khu x g trn n sn xut sn phm g
cui cng, lng g ph thi c tn dng lm nhin liu cho vic t ni hi, hoc to
khi l, sinh nhit cho cng on sy g, cch s dng ny c ngha nht nh v mt
kinh t, gim c gi thnh sy g v gi thnh sn phm ni chung, mt khc cng
hn ch lng rc thi gy nhim mi trng.
Ni chung ti cc c s ch bin g hin nay thng s dng g ph liu bao
gm mn ca, phi bo, ba bp, u mu lm nhin liu. Tu thuc vo cng on
sn xut m tn dng g ph liu ti ch hay bn cho ngi dn lm ci un.
Hin ti mc sng ca ngi dn c ci thin rt nhiu, rt t ni s dng
mn ca, phi bo v u mu g ngn lm ci un, ch s dng cc mnh g di
thun tin trong vic vn chuyn v t.
Khi lng mn ca rt ln, khong 8-12% hin nay cha c tn dng trit ,
pht thi ra mi trng, nh hng xu n mi trng qua vic b sung lng rc thi

Ti nhng khu ch bin g c cng sut ln, khi lng g ph thi rt ln,
thng phi vn chuyn n ni khc hoc thu vn chuyn thi ra bi rc, lm tng chi ph,
mt khc v lu di khi cc ch ti v x l mi trng c hon thin, vic pht thi ra
mi trng cn chu cc khon thu mi trng.
Tuy nhin, c mt s c s bit t chc sn xut ch bin tng hp, tn dng ti
a nguyn liu g to ra sn phm. xut hin nhiu m hnh ch bin g tng hp, ph
liu g c s dng bm dm nguyn liu cho sn xut vn dm.
Ti nguyn g ngy cng tr nn thiu ht so vi nhu cu, gi c nguyn liu g
tng ng k, buc cc c s sn xut phi tm cc gii php cng ngh nng cao t l
thnh kh, c bit tm kim cng ngh k thut tn dng ngun g ph thi ang tr
thnh xu hng mi trong cng nghip ch bin g.
Hin nay c nhiu doanh nghip bit tn dng g ba bp, u mu, mn ca,
phi bo sn xut vn nhn to. G ba bp u mu c s dng lm nguyn liu sn
xut vn ghp thanh dng Finger Joint hoc cc dng vn ghp khung rng, khung c v
mt s dng vn ghp c bit khc. Mn ca v phi bo c tn dng ti a, kt hp
vi cht kt dnh (keo dn g) to ra cc sn phm tm phng hoc nh hnh dng vn
dm.
Vic nghin cu ng dng cng ngh thu phn, nhit phn g to ra cc sn
phm hu c nh cn, ru, cht chit, t si nhn to... pht trin t kh lu trn th
gii, nhng ti Vit Nam th y vn cn l mt lnh vc mi m.
Nhiu doanh nghip c chin lc di hn, bit khai thc, tm hiu nhu cu th
trng v s dng than hot tnh nn mnh dn u t thit b cng ngh tn dng g
ph thi, bc u t c mt s kt qu kh quan. Song do thit b ca ta khng m
bo kn kht v kh nng bo n (cch nhit) nn cht lng than hot tnh cha t
yu cu ca cc th trng kh tnh. V vy, cng ngh hm than hot tnh cha pht trin,
thm ch cha c quan tm.
Hin nay mt s ni nh min Trung v min ng Nam B v ang tn ti
ngh t than, theo phng php t trc tip to ra than ci, phc v nhu cu ch
bin thc phm v mt s nhu cu khc.
Vic sn xut than ci t pht th cng, khng theo k hoch, ba bi gp phn
lm suy gim ti nguyn rng. Nhng cy g bi, kch thc nh c cht h lm
nguyn liu t than, trong khi g ph thi ca qu trnh ta tha, khai thc phn tn
trong rng cha c tn dng hp l, gy lng ph rt ln.
Vit Nam l mt nc c nhiu ngnh ngh th cng truyn thng, trong c ngh
th cng m ngh nh chm khc, an lt...Theo xut hin nhiu c s bit tn dng
ngun g ph thi nh :ba, u mu sn xut ra cc mt hng th cng m ngh.

chi tr em, dng c hc tp, lu nim, dng gia nh nh tht g, gi sch


bo, in t...phc v nhu cu tiu dng trong nc v xut khu, em li thu nhp
ng k cho ngi lao ng, ng gp cho ngn sch v c bit c ngha v mt x hi,
to cng n vic lm cho ngi dn nng thn, gp phn hn ch rc thi ra mi trng.
Ngun ph liu g ca qu trnh chm sc ta tha rng v khai thc g cn rt
ln, hin ti ang b b ph trong rng.
Phng thc s dng ph bin v truyn thng i vi loi g ny ch yu cho
mc ch lm nhin liu cho vic un nu v t l.
Khi lng g c dng lm ci un khong 10.000 ste mi nm, v vy khi
lng g ph thi b b li trong rng chc chn phi ln hn con s ny rt nhiu.
Trc y, khi rng t nhin cn nhiu, p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t,
chng ta khai thc qu mc ti nguyn rng, hnh thnh nhng t chc, doanh
nghip lm nhim v khai thc g rng, tt nhin lng g ph thi trong rng rt ln,
trong c c nhng gc cy to, tn ti lu nm.
Ngy nay, khi g rng t nhin cn kit, cng vi xu hng th hiu ngi
tiu dng thch s dng cc sn phm c tnh cht gn gi thin nhin, cc gc cy to k
trn tr thnh ngun vt liu qu phc v qu trnh gia cng ch tc cc sn phm p
ng nhu cu th trng.
Tm li, kh nng tn dng g ph liu hin nay cn rt hn ch, hng nm chng
ta b ph mt khi lng ln g ph liu, trong khi nguyn liu g phc v cng nghip
ch bin b thiu ht, hng nm phi nhp khu 80% phc v nhu cu, chnh l nghch
l rt ln, cu tr li thuc v ngnh cng nghip ch bin g v cc ngnh cng nghip
khc c lin quan nh cng ngh ho hc, cng ngh nhit phn, thu phn
Kt lun
Theo kt qu nghin cu th trng, hin Vit Nam c tr lng g ngy cng tng
v tr thnh mt trong nhng nc xut khu g ln ca th gii. Bn cnh , v hai
tnh ln cn cng c mt che ph rng cao, din tch rng ln so vi mt bng chung
c nc. Tuy nhin, khp mi ni trn nc Vit Nam, s lng g ph liu khng l
pht sinh khng c s dng ng v ph hp vi tim nng v mt kinh t cng nh kha
cnh mi trng. Do y c xem l ngun nguyn liu ln, l yu t u tin v quan
trng nht tin hnh xy dng d n Nh my sn xut vin g nn .
II.2.2. Mi trng thc hin d n
V tr a l
nm v 18033' n 20001' v Bc, kinh 103052' n 105048' kinh ng,
v tr trung tm vng Bc Trung B. l tnh nm trung tm vng Bc Trung b, gip tnh
Thanh Ha pha Bc, tnh H Tnh pha Nam, nc Cng ha dn ch nhn dn Lo
pha Ty vi 419 km ng bin gii trn b; b bin pha ng di 82 km. V tr ny
to cho c vai tr quan trng trong mi giao lu kinh t - x hi Bc - Nam, xy dng v
pht trin kinh t bin, kinh t i ngoi v m rng hp tc quc t. nm trn cc tuyn
ng quc l Bc - Nam (tuyn quc l 1A di 91 km i qua cc huyn Qunh Lu, Din
Chu, Nghi Lc, Hng Nguyn v thnh ph Vinh, ng H Ch Minh chy song song vi

quc l 1A di 132 km i qua cc huyn Qunh Lu, Ngha n, Tn K, Anh Sn,


Thanh Chng v th x Thi Ho, quc l 15 pha Ty di 149 km chy xuyn sut
tnh); cc tuyn quc l chy t pha ng ln pha Ty, ni vi nc bn Lo thng qua
cc ca khu (quc l 7 di 225 km, quc l 46 di 90 km, quc l 48 di trn 160 km).
Tnh c tuyn ng st Bc - Nam di 94 km chy qua.

nm trong hnh lang kinh t ng - Ty ni lin My-an-ma - Thi Lan - Lo - Vit


Nam - Bin ng theo ng 7 n cng Ca L. Nm trn cc tuyn du lch quc gia v
quc t (tuyn du lch xuyn Vit; tuyn du lch Vinh - Cnh ng Chum - Lungprabang Ving Chn - Bng Cc v ngc li qua Quc l 7 v ng 8).
Vi v tr nh vy, ng vai tr quan trng trong giao lu kinh t, thng mi, du lch,
vn chuyn hng ho vi c nc v cc nc khc trong khu vc, nht l cc nc Lo,
Thi Lan v Trung Quc, l iu kin thun li ku gi u t pht trin kinh t - x hi.

iu kin t nhin
Tnh hnh s dng t (n nm 2011):
TT
1

Loi t
Tng din tch t nhin
Din tch t nng nghip
- t sn xut nng nghip
- t lm nghip c rng
- t nui trng thy sn
- t lm mui
- t nng nghip khc
Din tch t phi nng nghip
- t
- t chuyn dng
- t tn gio, tn ngng
- t ngha trang, ngha a
- t sng sui v mt nc
chuyn dng
- t phi nng nghip khc
Din tch t cha s dng
- Din tch t bng cha s dng
- t i ni cha s dng
- Ni khng c rng cy

Din tch (ha)


1.649.025

T l
100%

a hnh
Nm ng Bc dy Trng Sn, c a hnh a dng, phc tp, b chia ct mnh
bi cc dy i ni v h thng sng, sui. V tng th, a hnh nghing theo hng Ty
Bc - ng Nam, vi ba vng sinh thi r rt: min ni, trung du, ng bng ven bin.
Trong , min ni chim ti 83% din tch lnh th. a hnh c dc ln, t c dc
ln hn 8o chim gn 80% din tch t nhin ton tnh, c bit c trn 38% din tch t c
dc ln hn 25o. Ni cao nht l nh Pulaileng (2,711m) huyn K Sn, thp nht
l vng ng bng cc huyn Qunh Lu, Din Chu, Yn Thnh, c ni ch cao 0,2 m so
vi mt nc bin (x Qunh Thanh, Qunh Lu). c im a hnh trn l mt tr ngi
ln cho vic pht trin mng li giao thng ng b, c bit l cc tuyn giao thng
vng trung du v min ni, gy kh khn cho pht trin lm nghip v bo v t ai khi b
xi mn, gy l lt cho nhiu vng trong tnh. Tuy nhin, h thng sng ngi c dc ln,
vi 117 thc ln, nh l tim nng ln c th khai thc pht trin thu in v iu ho
ngun nc phc v sn xut v dn sinh.
Kh hu
nm trong vng nhit i gi ma c ma ng lnh v chia lm hai ma r rt:
ma h nng, m, ma nhiu v ma ng lnh, t ma.

+ Ch nhit:
o
Nhit trung bnh hng nm t 23 - 24 C, tng ng vi tng nhit nm l
8,700oC. S chnh lch nhit gia cc thng trong nm kh cao. Nhit trung bnh
cc thng nng nht (thng 6 n thng 7) l 33oC, nhit cao tuyt i 42.7oC; nhit
trung bnh cc thng lnh nht (thng 12 nm trc n thng 2 nm sau) l 19oC, nhit
thp tuyt i - 0,5oC. S gi nng trung bnh/nm l 1,500 1,700 gi. Tng tch n
o
o
l 3,500 C 4,000 C.
+ Ch ma:
l tnh c lng ma trung bnh so vi cc tnh khc min Bc. Lng ma bnh
qun hng nm dao ng t 1,200-2,000 mm/nm vi 123 - 152 ngy ma, phn b cao
dn t Bc vo Nam v t Ty sang ng v chia lm hai ma r rt:
- Ma kh t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau, lng ma ch chim 15 - 20% lng
ma c nm, thng kh hn nht l thng 1, 2; lng ma ch t 7 - 60 mm/thng.
- Ma ma t thng 5 n thng 10, lng ma tp trung chim 80 - 85% lng
ma c nm, thng ma nhiu nht l thng 8, 9 c lng ma t 220 - 540mm/thng,
s ngy ma 15 - 19 ngy/thng, ma ny thng km theo gi bo.
c) m khng kh:
Tr s m tng i trung bnh nm dao ng t 80 - 90%, m khng kh
cng c s chnh lch gia cc vng v theo ma. Chnh lch gia m trung bnh
thng m nht v thng kh nht ti 18 - 19%; vng c m cao nht l thng ngun
sng Hiu, vng c m thp nht l vng ni pha Nam (huyn K Sn, Tng
Dng). Lng bc hi t 700 - 940 mm/nm.
+ Ch gi:
chu nh hng ca hai loi gi ch yu: gi ma ng Bc v gi phn Ty
Nam.
- Gi ma ng Bc thng xut hin vo ma ng t thng 10 n thng 4
nm sau, bnh qun mi nm c khong 30 t gi ma ng Bc, mang theo khng kh
lnh, kh lm cho nhit gim xung 5 - 10oC so vi nhit trung bnh nm.
- Gi phn Ty Nam l mt loi hnh thi tit c trng cho ma h ca vng Bc
Trung B. Loi gi ny thng xut hin vo thng 5 n thng 8 hng nm, s ngy
kh nng trung bnh hng nm l 20 - 70 ngy. Gi Ty Nam gy ra kh hu kh, nng v
hn hn, nh hng khng tt n sn xut v i sng sinh hot ca nhn dn trn phm
vi ton tnh.
+ Cc hin tng thi tit khc:
L tnh c din tch rng, c cc dng a hnh: min ni, trung du, ng bng
v ven bin nn kh hu tnh a dng, ng thi c s phn ho theo khng gian v bin
ng theo thi gian. Bn cnh nhng yu t ch yu nh nhit , lng ma, gi, m
khng kh th cn l mt tnh chu nh hng ca bo v p thp nhit i. Trung bnh
mi nm c 2 - 3 cn bo, thng tp trung vo thng 8 v 10 v c khi gy ra l lt.
Sng mui ch c kh nng xy ra cc vng ni cao v mt vi vng trung du
c iu kin a hnh v th nhng thun li cho s thm nhp ca khng kh lnh v s
mt nhit do bc x mnh m ca mt t nh khu vc Ph Qu.

Nhn chung, nm trong vng kh hu c nhiu c th, phn d r rt trn ton lnh
th v theo cc ma, to iu kin cho nhiu loi cy trng pht trin. Kh hu c phn
khc nghit, c bit l bo v gi Ty Nam gy tr ngi khng nh cho s pht trin
chung, nht l sn xut nng nghip.
Thu vn:
Tnh c 7 lu vc sng (c ca ring bit), tuy nhin 6 trong s ny l cc sng
2
ngn ven bin c chiu di di 50 km, duy nht c sng C vi lu vc 15,346 km ,
chiu di 361 km. a hnh ni thp v g i chim t trng ln nn mng li sng
sui trong khu vc kh pht trin vi mt trung bnh t 0.62 km/km2 nhng phn b
khng u trong ton vng. Vng ni c dc a hnh ln, chia ct mnh, mng li
2
sng sui pht trin mnh trn 1 km/km , cn i vi khu vc trung du a hnh g i
2
nn mng li sng sui km pht trin, trung bnh t di 0.5 km/km . Tuy sng ngi
nhiu, lng nc kh di do nhng lu vc sng nh, iu kin a hnh dc nn vic
khai thc s dng ngun nc sng cho sn xut v i sng gp nhiu kh khn.
Ti nguyn rng
Rng mang nhiu nt in hnh ca thm thc vt rng Vit Nam. Theo thng k c
n 153 h, 522 chi v 986 loi cy thn g, cha k n loi thn tho, thn leo v h
ng. Trong c 23 loi thn g v 6 loi thn tho c ghi vo sch Vit Nam.
Rng tp trung cc vng i ni vi hai kiu rng ph bin l rng kn thng xanh,
phn b cao di 700m v rng kn hn giao cy l kim, phn b cao ln hn
700m.
Rng vn l ngun nguyn liu quan trng cho khai thc v pht trin cc ngnh
cng nghip. Theo Quyt nh s 1828/Q/BNN-TCLN ngy 11/8/2011 ca B trng B
Nng nghip & PTNT, tng din tch rng ca tnh nm 2010 l 874,510ha, t l che ph
rng 52.3%, tng tr lng g hin cn khong 52 triu m3, trong c ti 42.5 vn m3
g Pmu. Tr lng tre, na, mt khong trn 1 t cy.
Cng vi s a dng ca a hnh, cnh quan sinh thi to cho h ng vt
cng a dng phong ph. Theo thng k ng vt hin c 241 loi ca 86 h v 28 b.
Trong : 64 loi th, 137 loi chim, 25 loi b st, 15 loi lng th, trong c 34 loi
th, 9 loi chim, 1 loi c c ghi vo sch Vit Nam.
T chc Vn ho, khoa hc v Gio dc Lin hp quc (UNESCO) cng nhn v
xp hng khu d tr sinh quyn Ty gm rng nguyn sinh - vn quc gia Pmt c
din tch 93.523 ha, khu bo tn thin nhin P Hung c din tch 41.127 ha, khu bo
tn thin nhin P Hot c din tch trn 34.723 ha vi nhiu loi ng vt, thc vt qu
him c tim nng pht trin du lch, c bit l du lch sinh thi. Khu d tr ny tri di
trn 9 huyn min ni ca tnh.

iu kin kinh t - x hi
c 1 thnh ph trc thuc, 2 th x v 17 huyn. Theo iu tra dn s ngy
01/04/2009, c 3,113,055 ngi. Trn ton tnh c nhiu dn tc cng sinh sng nh
ngi Thi, ngi Mng bn cnh dn tc chnh l ngi Kinh.
V kinh t, 6 thng u nm 2012, gi tr sn xut nng, lm nghip v thu c t
1
2
3,752.4 t ng, tng 1.09% cng k , trong ngnh nng nghip gim 0.11%; lm nghip
tng 3.96%; thy sn tng 7.18%. (Theo UBND tnh )
Theo cc s liu kho st ca tnh th 61% cc h khng c kh nng tham gia vo
th trng lao ng, phn ln l do khng kim c vic lm, cc ch s ny cn thp
so vi nhng yu cu pht trin ca s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho. Lc lng
lao ng tham gia vo lnh vc sn xut nng nghip cn cao, chim trn 40%, trong khi
lao ng trong cc lnh vc dch v ch chim khong 8% dn s. Trong c cu thu nhp
ca cc gia nh, thu nhp t nng nghip chim trn 75% v ch yu t trng trt. Thu
nhp v t l dn s tham gia vo cng nghip, dch v cn thp, ha hn nhiu tim
nng xa i gim ngho khi ngy cng nhiu ngi dn tham gia vo hot ng pht
trin, kinh doanh trong tng lai.
Kt lun
hi t nhng th mnh v ngun lao ng di do, ngun ti nguyn rng v cc
yu t t nhin xy dng Nh my sn xut vin vin g nn.
II.3. nh gi th trng: Phn tch cung -cu
Cch y mt th k, cc h gia nh khp th gii t chu u sang chu M,
chu ... u ph thuc vo g nu nng v si m. Nay, g ang quay tr li vi
vai tr l mt ngun nhin liu, nh vo cng ngh nn vin. Nhu cu vi dng nng
lng ny ang ngy cng gia tng chu u, ni gi du mc cao v cc yu cu v
nng lng sch gia tng khin ngi ta ch n cc vin nng lng g (vin g)
nh mt ngun nng lng thay th. Theo bo co ca t chc quc t IEA Bioenergy
Task 40, chu u chim ti 85% nhu cu vin g ton cu trong nm 2010 v vo nhng
nm ti. Cng vi nhu cu gia tng, vin g nn c chu u nhp khu mi ni,
trong c Vit Nam trn ton th gii.
Nhn thy nhu cu s dng vin g nn ngy cng ln, nhiu doanh nghip tin
hnh xy dng nh my sn xut ra ngun nng lng mi ny, nhm p ng nhu
cu nc ngoi. Tuy nhin, ngun cung cn hn ch, vic sn xut vin g nn vn c
xem l kh mi m Vit Nam.
T nhng phn tch trn y, c th hnh dung nhu cu s dng vin g nn rt
ln, ngun cu rt tim nng, nhng ngun cung cn tng i hn ch, cha p ng

II.4. Phn tch c hi


II.4.1. Phn tch SWOT
Cn c vo nhng phn tch v mi trng v m, vi m v mi trng ni b,
Cng ty s dng phng php ma trn SWOT nh gi cc im mnh, im yu,
c hi, thch thc i vi cng ty, t l c s quyt nh la chn cc chin lc
pht trin ph hp.
Biu din ma trn SWOT ca Cng ty
im mnh (S)
im yu (W)
1. Nng lc lnh o tt, i ng qun l 1. Cng ty cha c th trng v danh
c kinh nghim
ting lu di.
2. Ngun ti chnh lnh mnh
2. Ngun vn hn ch do tng u t cao
3. Nh my c xy dng ti , l tnh c
vng nguyn liu ln, c s h tng thun
li, nhn cng di do.
4. c s h tr ca hng CPM ca
M v my mc, thit b sn xut,
chuyn giao cng ngh v th trng u
ra.
C hi (O)
Thch thc (T)
1. Tim nng th trng vin nn g ln; 1. Nn kinh t khng n nh (lm pht ,
Nhu cu tiu th cc nc pht trin khng hong kinh t .....)
cao
2. Gia nhp WTO : xut hin nhiu i th
2. Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, AFTA gp cnh tranh.
phn gip cng ty m rng th trng 3. Tnh hnh chnh tr trn th gii cn
xut khu, kinh doanh, hc hi kinh nhiu bt n.
nghim.
4. S gia tng u t vo sn xut kinh
3. Lnh vc u t nm trong chnh sch doanh ca cc doanh nghip hot ng
u i ca Nh nc. Nh my nhn trong lnh vc sn xut vin nn g.
c nhng chnh sch u i ca Khu
cng nghip .

II.4.2. Chin lc pht trin th trng


T kt qu ca vic phn tch ma trn SWOT, Cng ty ra chin lc pht trin:
Chin lc SO
S dng cc im mnh tn dng c
hi bn ngoi.
1. Chin lc pht trin sn phm: s
dng S1, S2, S3, S4 tn dng c hi O1,
O2, O3
2. Chin lc pht trin cng ngh mi: s
dng S4 tn dng O1, O2, O3
3. Chin lc pht trin nng lc qun l
v cht lng ngun nhn lc.
Chin lc ST
S dng cc im mnh hn ch v n
trnh cc mi e da t bn ngoi.
1. Chin lc khc bit ha sn phm: Tn
dng cc im mnh S1,S2, S3,S4 vt
qua cc e da T1,T2,T3,T4

Chin lc WT
Ti thiu ha cc im yu trnh khi
cc mi e da.
1. Ti thiu ha im yu W1,W2 trnh
khi cc mi e da T1,T2,T3,T4

Chin lc WO
Khc phc im yu nm bt c hi v
tn dng c hi hn ch im yu
1. Chin lc nng cao nng lc sn xut:
s dng c hi O1,O2,O3 hn ch im
yu W1,W2.

CHNG III: S CN THIT U T D N


Hin nay, nhu cu s dng nhin liu cho mc ch si m trn th gii ngy
cng gia tng, c bit l cc nc c kh hu lnh nh chu u. Tuy nhin, gi du
tng cao, ngun nhin liu than khng p ng nhu cu; i hi phi c mt nguyn
liu mi thay th, va tit kim va m bo khng nh hng n mi trng. V th,
vin g nn (woodpellets) ra i, hi t nhiu u im vt tri c kim chng
cng nh c s dng rng ri cc nc pht trin.
Nu so vi than , nhit vin g nn t 70%, nhng gi thnh ch bng 45%; cn
so vi du DO, nhit vin g t 48%, nhng gi th cha bng 30%, c 2 kg vin g nn
th bng 1kg du DO; so vi in hin nay th chi ph cn tit kim hn rt nhiu. Nh
vy, cng mt mc gi phng nng lng nh nhau nhng s dng vin g nn s tit
kim c khong 50% gi thnh. Hn na t vin g t gy nhim mi trng hn
nhiu so vi than . Ngoi ra, do vin g khng c tp cht lu hunh nh than , nn
lng kh cacbonic l cc thp, m bo tiu chun v kh sch theo tiu chun Chu u
nn rt thn thin vi mi trng. C 1000 kg vin g sau khi t chy ht nhit lng
cn li th cn 10-15 kg tro sch. Lng cht thi (lng tro sau khi t) l loi tro
Biomass s dng bn cy, bn rung, lm phn vi sinh khng nh hng n mi
trng. V vy, vic s dng vin g nn khng ch mang li hiu qu v mt kinh t m
cn gp phn gii quyt ngun ph thi trong sn xut, khng gy nhim mi trng v
hn ch chy n.
Trc nhu cu ngy cng ln v nhin liu, ng thi nhn thy nhng u im
vt tri ca vin g nn, cng nh th mnh v ti nguyn rng ca t nc ni chung
v tnh ni ring, nht l t ngun g ph liu khng l khng c s dng trit nh
hin nay, Cng ty chng ti quyt nh u t xy dng Nh my sn xut vin g
nn. Nh my ny c xy dng ti Khu cng nghip vi quy m 3.000
tn/thng, ly nguyn liu t mn ca, dm bo, dm g, u mu g vn, cnh cy
nh,.... sn xut ra vin g. Bng vic p dng nhng k thut tin tin, t tiu chun,
cht lng chu u, chng ti tin tng rng vin g nn s c nhng th trng kh
tnh nh Hn Quc, Nht Bn v cc nc u chu n nhn.
Cui cng, vi nim t ho s gp phn ti to ti nguyn, bo v mi trng cng
nh tng gi tri tng sn phm cng nghip , tng thu nh p v nng cao i sng ca nhn
dn, to vic lm cho lao ng ti a phng, chng ti tin rng d n Nh my sn xut
vin g nn l s u t cn thit trong giai on hin nay.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

CHNG IV: A IM XY DNG


IV.1. V tr xy dng
2
Nh my sn xut vin g nn vi 2.5ha (25,000m ) c xy dng trong khu
cng nghip Nam Cm, thuc huyn Nghi Lc, cch TP Vinh chng 20 km v pha Bc.

Hnh: V tr xy dng Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Nh my c v tr ht sc thun li v giao thng, nm trn trc ng quc l 1A;


cch cng bin Ca L 6 km; c ng st Bc Nam i qua v cch ga ng st Qun
Hnh 2 km; cch sn by Vinh 12 km.
IV.2. iu kin t nhin
a hnh
a hnh khu vc ny tng i bng phng, ch c t i ni thp xen k c lp,
cao chnh lch t 0.6- 5.0 m, vi din tch t nhin khong 16,686 ha, chim 48% so
vi din tch ca c huyn. Do c im a hnh v th nhng c th phn thnh 2
vng:
- Vng thp hoc trng: Ch yu l t ph sa ca h thng sng C, c cao t
0.6- 3.5 m, a hnh thp, ngun nc kh di do, y l vng trng im la ca huyn,

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

gm cc x Nghi Vn, Nghi Din, Nghi Hoa, Nghi Thun v mt phn ca Nghi Long,
Nghi Tin, Nghi Yn, Nghi X, Nghi Trung.
- Vng cao: Ch yu l t ct bin, c cao t 1.5- 5.0 m, l vng t mu ca
huyn, gm cc x Nghi Trng, Nghi Thnh, Nghi Thch, Nghi Long, Nghi X, Nghi
Khnh, Nghi Yn, Nghi Tin, Nghi Thit, Nghi Thi, Phc Th, Nghi Xun, Nghi
Phng, Nghi Trung, Nghi Quang.
Kh hu
Kh hu huyn Nghi Lc hng nm mang tnh cht chuyn tip gia kh hu Bc
B v Bc Trung B. Nhn chung, kh hu chu nh hng ca kh hu nhit i m gi
ma.
+ Ch nhit: C 2 ma r rt v bin chnh lch gia hai ma kh cao, ma
nng t thng 5 n thng 9, nhit trung bnh t 23.5- 24.50C, thng nng nht l
thng 7, nhit c th ln ti 400C. Ma lnh t thng 10 n thng 4 nm sau, nhit
trung bnh t 19.5- 20.50C, ma ny nhit c lc xung thp n 6.20C. S gi nng
trung bnh nm l 1,637 gi (S liu do trm kh tng thy vn Vinh cung cp).
+ Ch ma: Lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 1,900 mm, ln nht khong
2,600 mm, nh nht 1,100 mm. Lng ma phn b khng u m tp trung ch yu vo
na cui thng 8 n thng 10, y l thi im thng din ra l lt. Lng ma thp
nht t thng 1 n thng 4, ch chim 10% lng ma c nm.
+ Ch gi: C 2 hng gi chnh:
. Gi ma ng Bc nm su trong lc a lnh lo ca vng Sibia v Mng C
tng t thi qua Trung Quc v Vnh Bc B trn v, b con gi l gi Bc. Gi ma
ng Bc thng xut hin vo ma ng t thng 11 n thng 4 nm sau
. Gi ng Nam mt m t bin ng thi vo m nhn dn gi l gi Nm, xut
hin t thng 5 n thng 10.
Ngoi ra, trn a bn huyn cn nh hng bi lung gi Ty Nam tn Vnh
Bng-gan trn qua lc a, lun qua dy Trng Sn, thi sang m nhn dn thng gi
l gi Lo nhng chnh l gi ty kh nng. Gi phn Ty Nam l mt loi hnh thi tit
c trng cho ma h ca vng Bc Trung B. Nghi Lc thng xut hin vo thng 6,
7, 8 gy ra kh, nng v hn hn nh hng n sn xut v i sng sinh hot ca
ngi dn trn phm vi ton huyn.
Nhng c trng v kh hu l: Bin nhit gia cc ma trong nm ln, ch
ma tp trung vo ma ma bo (thng 8- thng 10), ma nng nng c gi Lo kh
hanh.
IV.3. Hin trng h tng k thut
H thng giao thng : H thng giao thng ni b c l gii t 22.25m 43.0m
c b tr m bo s lin h thun li gia cc nh my, x nghip v c mi lin h
vi mng giao thng bn ngoi nh quc l 1A; ng Nam Cm Ca L; ng st
Bc Nam.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

- H thng cp nc : Ngun nc c ly t Nh my nc thnh ph Vinh a


3
v KCN bng ng ng 500, dng trm bm cp II cng sut Q = 17,500 m /ngy
m cp vo mng li ng ng KCN.
- H thng thot nc ma, nc thi: H thng thot nc ma t chy c xy
dng ring, dc theo cc tuyn ng giao thng, dn ra h thng thot nc dc theo
quc l 1A, chy vo m ly pha ng x Nghi Thun v ra sng Cm.
Nc thi c x l cc b trong tng Nh my, X nghip (t mc C-TCVN
5945-195), sau theo ng ng ring dn n khu x l chung ca KCN cng sut
3
2x2.000m /ngy m, nc sau khi c x l t tiu chun mi trng (mc B TCVN 5945-195) c bm v h iu ho sau theo tng lu vc thot ra sng Cm.
- H thng cp in: Cng sut in ton KCN l 21.5 MVA. Ngun in trc
mt tm thi c cp t trm 110/35/22 KV Ca L. D kin s u t xy dng trm
bin p 110/35/22 KV (2x40 MVA) cung cp in cho KCN.
- Thng tin lin lc: c h thng ng dy cp quang v ng dy hu tuyn
i qua; ct vi ba quc gia cch khu cng nghip 3 km. Ngnh Bu in xy dng
"Bu in Nam Cm" ngay cnh khu cng nghip, m bo cung cp mi dch v thng
tin lin lc trong nc v quc t.
- H thng cy xanh, mi trng, PCCN:
. Cy xanh : Trn cc trc ng ni b cy xanh c trng to bng mt
v ci to iu kin vi kh hu. Ngoi ra cc x nghip nh my m bo t l cy xanh
vn hoa t 25 30%.
. Mi trng : Cc nh my hot ng trong KCN phi c h thng x l nc
thi cc b t tiu chun mi trng (Mc C - TCVN5945-1995) trc khi thi ra trm
x l nc thi chung.
. Phng chng chy n : Tin hnh cch ly cc cng on d chy xa cc khu vc
khc v m bo an ton v phng chy theo tiu chun TCVN2622-1995.
- Cc dch v khc: Khu cng nghip cch Bnh vin a khoa khu vc (Quy m
700 ging) ang c u t v cnh h thng chung c ang thi cng khong 9-10 km,
nn rt thun tin trong vic cung cp cc dch v v: ch , chm sc sc kho, thng
mi, trng hc...p ng nhu cu ca nh u t v ngi lao ng.
IV.4. Kt lun
D n xy dng Nh my sn xut vin g nn ca Cng ty c t ti khu cng
nghip Nam Cm thuc huyn Nghi Lc tnh . Khu vc d n c quy hoch ng
vi chc nng ca mt nh my sn xut vin g nn, ng vi quy hoch xy dng v
pht trin ca tnh, m bo tiu chun v sn xut cng nh vn mi trng cho cc
cng ty u t sn xut y. V tr d n thun li v nhiu mt nh gn vng nguyn
liu, c giao thng thng sut, m bo qu trnh sn xut v hot ng ca nh my.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

CHNG V: QUY M V PHNG N K THUT


V.1. Quy m v din tch xy dng
2
- Din tch xy dng : 25,000 m
- Cng sut thc hin:
+ Giai on 1: 600-1000 tn/thng
+ Giai on 2: 2000-3000 tn/thng

STT
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
II
1

2
3
4
5
6

HNG MC
Hng mc xy dng
Nh thp tin ch cha my mc
Nh thp tin ch nguyn liu thnh phm
Nh vn phng
Nh ngh cng nhn
Cn tin
Nh WC
Cnh quan khu vc chung
Hng ro, cng
Hng mc my mc thit b giai on 1
H thng dy chuyn KAHL
+H thng bm g chip
+H thng nghin mn ca
+H thng sy dng quay
+My nn vin g
+H thng lm mt
+H thng ng bao b
+H thng iu khin
+Cc bng chuyn, vt ti v cc b phn
khc.
Xe ti Huyndai 2.5T
Xe nng 2.5T
Trm cn in t 60T (cng ngh M)
My bin p HAVEC 400 KVA
H thng PCCC

VT
2

M
2
M
2
M
2
M
2
M
2
M
2
M

SL
25,000
1,200
1,200
300
300
300
300
1
1

HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

chic
chic
trm
Ci
HT

2
2
1
1
1

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Vi my mc thit b, Cng ty chng ti s dng dy chuyn sn xut ca hng


CPM, thuc cng ty CPM Colorado & Co.KG ca c. Cng ty ny c kinh
nghim trn 125 nm , cung cp, vn hnh, ci t

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

V.3. Phng n k thut


V.3.1. Vin nn g
Vin nn g (Wood pellet ) l nhin liu sinh hc c sn xut t nhng nguyn
liu ph thi ca thc vt l mn ca, g vn, tru, thn cy ng .y l nhng nguyn
liu tha sau khi s dng cy lm g x, gia dng v cc sn phm nng nghip khc.

Hnh: Vin nn g
Di tc ng ca nhit v p sut, cht gn t nhin lin kt nguyn liu li
thnh vin nn, v vy chng khng bao gm cht ph gia. Vin nn to ra nhit lng
ln do m thp (di 10% so vi m t nhin t 20 60% trong li g).
Vin nn g c hnh dng chung ng nht (ng knh t - 5/16 inch, chiu di
t 1 1.5 inch) khin n d lu kho (cht xp) v s dng hn bt k nhin liu sinh hc
no. Cng ngh to nhit ca n kh n gin, gim thiu s vn hnh v bo tr. H
thng ny d dng lp t v tit kim chi ph nng lng rt nhiu trong khi cung cp
nhiu li ch thit thc v kinh t v mi trng.
Di gc mi trng, vin g l l tng. N chuyn cc nguyn liu d tha
sn c, v hn thnh ngun nng lng sch hiu qu. Vin g lm trung ha cc-bon do
chng l mt phn ca chu k cc-bon. Vin g chy to ra CO2, cy hp th li lng
CO2 ny. V vy vin g l ngun nng lng ti sinh sch.

Hin nay khch hng trn ton th gii s dng vin nn g. Do tnh an ton v ti
sinh c nn vin nn g hiu qu hn cc nhin liu khc, nhit lng ca n p ng.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

nhng tiu chun nghim ngt nht ca EPA (T chc bo v mi trng). H nhn thy
rng thi k hu Ngh nh th Kyoto, th h dng cht t vin g l hnh thc kinh
doanh kinh t v bo v mi trng. Cc nh khoa hc cn cho bit vic chuyn dng
ngun nng lng vin g s ngn chn vic hy hoi ca hiu ng nh knh.
Li ch ca vin nn g
Li ch ln nht ca nhin liu sinh hc l chi ph ca n ch chim khong t 25
50% so vi nhin liu ha thch v gi c n nh. Ngoi ra, nhin liu sinh hc lm gim
cc vn mi trng ton cu nh ma axit, hiu ng nh knh.
Bn cnh , vin nn g cn c cc li ch sau:
c sn xut t ngun nguyn liu g tha rt di do, v hn
Cng ngh sn xut v vn hnh n gin, s dng t thao tc v nhn lc
Thun tin v d dng s dng, cht xp, vn chuyn, c th lu kho s lng ln
vi din tch kho nh hn cc nhin liu sinh hc khc.
To ra nng lng cao, t tro
Gi n nh so vi nhin liu ha thch
L ngun nhin liu ti sinh, sch
Cng dng
Lt chung tri, trang tri (g,
nga, b, d...)

Dng trong h thng thit b si


m nh l si (thay th in,
than , du, ci...)

Hnh nh

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Dng trong thit b t trong cc


ngnh cng nghip, dn dng

Chi ph vin g nn so vi cc nhin liu khc


Mt tn vin nn g tng ng 120 galon du (khong $4.33/gallon). Vin g
to ra cng nng lng BTU nhng gi r hn 42% so vi du m.
Mt tn vin nn g tng ng 170 galon prban (khong $2,598/gallon). Vin
g to ra cng nng lng BTU nhng gi r hn 33% so vi prban.
Mt tn vin nn g tng ng 16.000 ft3 kh ga t nhin (khong $14.3/1000
ft3). Mc d kh ga t nhin r hn 24% so vi vin g, kh ga t nhin khng c ti cc
vng thi tit lnh v vin g l nhin liu thay th hiu qu ti cc ni ny.
Mt tn vin nn g tng ng 4,755 kWh in (khong $0.102/kWh). Vin g
to ra cng nng lng BTU nhng gi r hn 38% so vi in nng.
V.3.2. Ch tiu k thut
Nh my sn xut vin nn g theo tiu chun chu u EN14961
Nguyn liu: g keo, g thng, mn ca ..
Kch thc:

Loi

m (M):
- M10: <= 10%
- M15: <= 15%

ng knh (D)

Chiu di (L)

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Hm lng tro

Mt : 1.27kg/dm
Sulphur (S)

Nitrogen (N)

Clo

Nhit lng: >= 16Mg/kg

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

V.3.3. Quy trnh cng ngh

+ Quy trnh to nguyn liu c knh thc ph hp cho sn xut


i vi nguyn liu sn xut vin nn c yu cu v kch thc nh hn hoc
bng 5mm v d nh mn ca trong tinh ch, ca x g, mn ca t tre na v dm
bo c kch thc khng qu ln. i vi u mu g, g vn, cnh cy, thn cy th
chng ta c th dng my nghin g nghin tt c cc nguyn liu kch thc ln trn
thnh mn ca c kch thc nh hn hoc bng 5mm t kch thc ng u s to
ra vin nn p v t trng cao.
+ Quy trnh to cho nguyn liu c m ph hp
m ca nguyn liu c nh hng rt ln n cht lng thnh phm. m
nguyn liu tt nht cho sn xut vin nn wood pellets l 10~14 %. a s cc loi mn
ca trong ca x g thng c x t cy cn ti, mn ca trong khi s dng my
nghin g vn, cnh cy to ra u thng c m cao m thng t 18 ~ 35 %. Ch
c mn ca trong tinh ch, ch bin g c m ph hp v cc loi g trong tnh ch
u c sy kh do tt c nguyn liu u c m ph hp, ng u th ta
phi phi hoc sy nguyn liu nhng vi iu kin kh hu nc ta l nng m, ma
nhiu nu chng ta phi nguyn liu th ph thuc vo thi tit rt nhiu khng th n
nh sn xut v vy phng php tt nht l s dng my sy m bo cho sn xut
lin tc khng ph thuc vo tri ma hay nng.
+ Quy trnh to vin nn Pellets
Sau khi c ngun nguyn liu c kch thc v m thch hp th ta bt u
thc hin cng on p vin pellets. Nguyn liu c a vo ming np nguyn liu

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

ca my p vin bng cc h thng bng ti, vt ti, nh h thng ny cung cp nguyn


liu mt cch u n vo ming np nguyn liu ca my nn vin, v trng dng tay
ngi np nguyn liu th rt tn km cng nhn vn hnh, mt khc khng m bo
cng sut lm vic ca my,cnh quan,m quan chung.Nguyn liu sau khi c a vo s
c nn li thnh dng vin nn pellets (Ring Die my p:nm) th mi t c cng sut v
cht lng sn phm u ra + khun p phi ca Chu u (m bo cht lng, bn) ,
thng s nn ca khun phi,ph hp vi vng,loi nguyn liu.y l nhn t cc k quan
trng,quyt nh cht lng sn phm v c a ra ngoi bng cc h thng bng ti, vt ti
+ Quy trnh lm mt vin nn Wood Pellets
Vin nn pellets sau khi c to ra c nhit kh cao v c a vo h thng
lm mt bng cc bng ti, Cyclone v my lm mt s lm gim nhit ca vin nn.
Nu trng hp khng s dng h thng lm mt th chng ta phi vin nn bn ngoi
trong vi gi lm ngui vin nn v nu ng gi vin nn trong khi cn nng th sau
khi c ng bao th nhit ca vin nn s lm hp m trong bao do vy c th s
lm gim cht lng ca vin nn wood pellets.
+ Quy trnh ng gi vin nn thnh phm
Thnh phm vin nn wood pellets sau khi c lm mt s c a vo phu
cha ca my ng gi v sau c ng kn bng bao PE t 15 ~ 25 kg/bao tu theo
nh sn xut. Wood pellets c ng bao v xp trn pallets sn sng xut xng.
Ngoi cc quy trnh trn cn c mt s thit b ph tr nh : h thng kh nn, qut gi,
bng ti

CHNG VI: GII PHP THC HIN


VI.1. Gii php thi cng xy dng
Phng n thi cng
C hai phng n thi cng chnh thng c p dng trong xy dng cc cng
trnh l thi cng ng thi v thi cng cun chiu. Thi cng ng thi ngha l ton b
cc hng mc u c trin khai cng mt lc, thi cng cun chiu ngha l thi cng
tun t cc hng mc theo tin .
Khu vc xy dng nh my c din tch rng 25,000m2, hn na cc hng mc v
t hp hng mc c nhng khong cch tng i ln mt bng thi cng tng i rng
nn bo co xut s dng phng n thi cng ng thi i vi d n.
Vic trin khai cng lc cc hng mc xy dng, lp t s m bo rt ngn thi
gian thi cng, gim chi ph qun l, gim st cng trng, cc chi ph khc, sm a
cng trnh vo s dng s mang li hiu qu kinh t cao.
Gii php thi cng chung bao gm:
Thi cng lp rp: s dng cho cc hng mc v kho thp trn khng.
Thi cng ton khi: cho cc hng mc mng, b cha nc, mng thit b, mng
cc, cng trnh ngm.
Thi cng th cng: cho cc hng mc cng, tng ro, sn bi, ng
Vn hnh th: c thc hin vi tt c cc thit b, my mc, trang b
Nh my sn xut cao tr vng l d n lm mi nn khng b nh hng bi cc
cng trnh hin hu.
S t chc thi cng
Bo co xut s t chc chung cho cng tc thi cng cng trnh, d kin s
c p dng thi cng, chi tit s t chc thi cng s c cc nh thu thi cng xy
dng a ra trong giai on u thu thi cng xy lp ring l hoc do tng thu EPC lp.
H tng k thut
Sn bi, ng BTXM
mt bng sn m bo cho cc xe np lu thng, TVTK kin ngh dng kt cu
hin hu bng BTXM;
dc ngang ca mt bi c thit k ph hp phn chia lu vc thot nc, c
th c chia thnh 2 hng vi dc 1%;
ng giao thng ni b BTN
m bo giao thng quanh nh kho, m bo giao thng trong nh my, m
bo vic thot nc mt v thng ra cng ph d dng:
Xy b va xung quanh nh v xung quanh tng song song hng ro to khun
ng;
Ci to cc khun h thu nc bng BTCT;
Thm BTN ht mn dy trung bnh 5cm v to dc cho thot nc ma. dc
dc ng l 0.5% v dc ngang ng l 1.0%.
Thot nc ma

Cn c vo thc t h thng thot nc ma:


Phn thot nc mt: Xy 02 h thu nc mt ;
H thu cng tc thu nc c tt v ph hp vi mt bng v cao
mt ng mi.

B va v trng cy xanh

Xy dng b va phn cch gia phn bi BTXM, ng BTN vi tng ro bao


quanh.
Trng cy xanh, c nhung gia tng ro v khu vc ng, bi to mi trng
xanh, sch v m quan.
Bi
1x2cm dy 10cm bo v cc ng nc, khng cho c mc v to mt
bng sch.
VI.2. Hnh thc qun l d n
Theo quy nh ca Lut Xy dng, cn c iu kin nng lc ca t chc, c nhn,
ngi quyt nh u t, ch u t xy dng cng trnh quyt nh la chn mt trong
cc hnh thc qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh sau y:
Ch u t xy dng cng trnh thu t chc qun l
d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
Ch u t xy dng cng trnh trc tip qun l d n u t xy dng cng
trnh.
Cng ty la chn hnh thc trc tip qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
VI.3. Tin thc hin d n
Thi gian hot ng ca d n l 15 nm v i vo hot ng t qu II nm 2013.
VI.4. Phng n s dng lao ng
i ng qun l v nhn s d kin ca d n gm 35 ngi, trong :
- Ban gim c chu trch nhim qun l chung gm :
+ Gim c : 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim chnh i vi ton b hot ng ca nh my.
+ Hnh chnh nhn s : 1 ngi
Ph trch v chu trch nhim v hot ng hnh chnh, hp ng, qun l v tnh
hnh ni b nhn s, tuyn dng nhn s ca nh my, bo co trc tip cho Gim c.
- B phn k ton- tin lng: 2 ngi
Chu trch nhim cc hot ng thu - chi theo ng k hoch nh my, ng thi
chm lo chnh sch lng bng cho nhn vin.
- Trng phng: 2 ngi
Gm trng phng qun l ton b hot ng sn xut v trng phng kinh
doanh.
- Phng kinh doanh: 4 ngi
Chu trch nhim mua nguyn liu v bn sn phm, bao gm c chc nng i
ngoi tm th trng u ra mang hiu qu kinh t cao.
- K thut: 2 ngi
Bao gm 2 ca lm vic, mi nhn vin k thut s lun phin thay ca lm vic.
Chu trch nhim trng coi cc hot ng ca nh my, x l cc s c my mc.
- B phn bo v: 2 ngi
Chu trch nhim gi gn trt t chung cho ton b xng sn xut.
- Lao ng ph thng: 24 ngi
Cng nhn c lun phin thay ca lm vic, xng d kin cho hot ng thnh
2 ca sn xut m bo hot ng hiu qu.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

CHNG VII: NH GI TC NG MI T NG
VII.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng
VII.1.1. Gii thiu chung
Mc ch ca cng tc nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n Nh my sn xut
vin g nn l xem xt nh gi nhng yu t tch cc v tiu cc nh hng n mi
trng trong nh my v khu vc ln cn, t a ra cc gii php khc phc, gim
thiu nhim nng cao cht lng mi trng hn ch nhng tc ng ri ro cho mi
trng v cho chnh nh my khi d n c thc thi, p ng c cc yu cu v tiu
chun mi trng.
VII.1.2. Cc quy nh v cc hng dn v mi trng
Cc quy nh v hng dn sau c dng tham kho:
- Lut Bo v Mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 c Quc hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam kha XI k hp th 8 thng qua thng 11 nm 2005;
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 v vic
quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo v Mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 28 thng 2 nm 2008 v Sa
i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006
cu Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut Bo
v Mi trng; Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP ngy 18 thng 04 nm 2011 ca chnh ph
v vic Quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin lc; nh gi tc ng mi trng; cam
kt bo v mi trng;
- Thng t s 26/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 7 nm 2011 ca B Ti nguyn
v Mi trng quy nh chi tit mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 29/2011/N-CP ngy 18
thng 04 nm 2011 ca chnh ph quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi
tc ng mi trng, cam kt bo v mi trng;
- Quyt nh s 62/Q-BKHCNMT ca B trng B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi
trng ban hnh ngy 09/8/2002 v vic ban hnh Quy ch bo v mi trng khu cng
nghip;
- Quyt nh s 35/Q-BKHCNMT ca B trng B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi
trng ngy 25/6/2002 v vic cng b Danh mc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng
bt buc p dng;
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 v vic ban hnh Danh mc
cht thi nguy hi km theo Danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
- Tiu chun mi trng do B KHCN&MT ban hnh 1995, 2001 & 2005;
- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B Ti
Nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng 05 Tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi trng
v bi b p dng mt s cc Tiu chun quy nh theo quyt nh s 35/2002/QBKHCNMT ngy 25 thng 6 nm 2002 ca B trng B KHCN v Mi trng;
VII.2. Tc ng ca d n ti mi trng

Vic thc thi d n Nh my sn xut vin g nn s nh hng nht nh n


mi trung xung quanh khu vc nh my v ngay ti nh my, s tc ng trc tip n
mi trng khng kh, t, nc trong khu vc ny. Chng ta c th d bo c nhng
ngun tc ng n mi trng c kh nng xy ra trong cc giai on khc nhau:
VII.2.1. Giai on xy dng d n
Cng ty thu li t ca Khu cng nghip, phn t ny c xy dng c
s h tng kin c bao gm nh xng, h thng cp thot nc, h thng in. V vy
tc ng trong giai on xy dng do d n mang li l khng c, cng ty ch tin hnh
giai on lp t my mc, thit b.
Ngun gc nhim
+ Tc ng ca bi, kh thi, ting n
Qu trnh lp t my mc thit b s pht sinh bi t qua trnh khoan, ct, vn
chuyn v bc d...
Ting n pht sinh t hot ng ca cc my mc thit b cng nh cc phng
tin vn ti v thi cng c gii.
+ Tc ng ca nc thi
Trong giai on lp t ny cng c pht sinh nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn
lm vic. Lng nc thi ny khng nhiu nhng cng cn phi c kim sot cht
ch khng lm nhim ngun nc mt, nc ngm.
+ Tc ng ca cht thi rn
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong giai on ny gm 2 loi: cht thi rn t qu trnh
lau chi my mc thit b v rc sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng. Cc cht thi rn pht
sinh trong giai on ny nu khng c qun l v x l kp thi s c th b cun tri
theo nc ma gy tc nghn ng thot nc v gy ra cc vn v sinh khc. Rc
sinh hot rt t v lng cng nhn khng nhiu cng s c thu gom vo thng cha
dung tch ln c cng ty b tr ti nhng v tr c nh.
Cc bin php nhm gim thiu nhim
- Phun nc lm m cc khu vc gy bi nh ng i, nh xng
- Tn dng ti a cc phng tin thi cng c gii, trnh cho cng nhn lao ng
gng sc, phi ht th nhiu lm lung bi xm nhp vo phi.
- Cung cp y cc phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nh m, khu
trang, qun o, giy ti ti nhng cng on cn thit.
- Hn ch nh hng ting n ti khu vc lm vic . Cc my khoan, ng cc
gy ting n ln s khng hot ng t 18h 06h.
Ch u t ngh n v ch thu v cng nhn lm vic thc hin cc yu cu
sau:
- Cng nhn s tp trung bn ngoi khu vc thi cng khng lu tr li.
- m bo iu kin v sinh c nhn.
- T chc n ung ti khu vc lm vic phi hp v sinh, c nh n
- Rc sinh hot c thu gom v chuyn v khu x l rc tp trung..
- C b phn chuyn trch hng dn cc cng tc v sinh phng dch, v sinh
mi trng, an ton lao ng v k lut lao ng cho cng nhn.
VII.2.2. Giai on a d n vo khai thc s dng
Ngun gc nhim
.

+ nhim khng kh
Kh thi ca cc phng tin:
- Vi dy chuyn cng ngh hin i, phn ln my mc, thit b s thc hin ht
cc cng on sn xut nn d n khi i vo hot ng n nh s lng lao ng ch
khong 24 ngi, do cc phng tin vn chuyn c tnh khong 24 xe my cc loi.
Kh thi ca cc phng tin cha bi SO2, NOx, CO, cc cht hu c bay hi (VOC)
lm tng ti lng cc cht nhim trong khng kh.
Kh thi t qu trnh sn xut:
- Qu trnh sn xut vin g nn ca d n ch yu l sinh ra kh sulphur, clo
Nito, tuy nhin hm lng khng cao c th kim sot c.
+ nhim ting n
Ngun n pht sinh l do hot ng ca my mc thit b vn chuyn nguyn
nhin vt liu trong khu vc d n v ting n do my mc, thit b sn xut.
- Ting n t phng tin vn chuyn nguyn nhin vt liu gin on, khng lin
tc v n khng cao, c th kim sot c.
- Ting n t my mc, thit b sn xut: v dy chuyn cng ngh s dng thit b
my mc hin i, c cc bin php gim thiu ting n cc b ngay ti my mc nn
n pht sinh ny khng ng k.
+ nhim nc thi
Nc thi sinh hot: c cha cc cht cn b, cc cht rn l lng, cc cht hu
c, cc cht dinh dng v vi sinh. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot
nh sau:
- Cc cht hu c: gim nng xy ho tan trong nc, nh hng n ng
thc vt thy sinh.
- Cc cht rn l lng: nh hng n cht lng nc, ng thc vt thy sinh.
- Cc cht dinh dng (N, P): gy hin tng ph dng ha, nh hng ti cht
lng nc trong khu vc.
- Cc vi khun gy bnh: nc c ln vi khun gy bnh l nguyn nhn ca cc
dch bnh thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t; Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh
ng rut;
Nc ma chy trn: vo ma ma, nc ma chy trn qua khu vc sn bi c
th cun theo t ct, l cy ri vi trn mt t a xung h thng thot nc, lm
tng mc nhim ngun nc tip nhn.
+ nhim do cht thi rn
Cht thi rn sinh hot: Cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh c thnh phn n gin,
ch yu l cc thc phm d tha v cc loi rc thi khc nh giy ba, chai
nha,.....Cht thi rn sinh hot tnh trung bnh 0.5 kg/ngi/ngy. Vi lng cng nhn
vin l 24 ngi, vy khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot ti khu vc d n s khong
12.0kg/ngy.
Cht thi nguy hi: cht thi nguy hi l cc cht thi cn c bin php qun l c
bit. Cht thi nguy hi pht sinh ca d n ch yu l: gng tay, gi lau dnh du nht,
bng n hunh quang thi,.....nhng lng pht sinh khng ln.
Cc bin php gim thiu nhim
+ Gim thiu nhim khng kh
Trng cy xanh: nhm to cnh quan mi trng xanh cho khu , d n s dnh
10% din tch t trng cy xanh thm c.

- Gim thiu nhim do kh thi ca cc phng tin vn chuyn:


Bin php gim thiu nhim kh thi c th p dng l thng thong. tit kim
nng lng v gim thiu c hiu qu, cn phi kt hp thng thong bng i lu t
nhin c h tr ca i lu cng bc.
Qu trnh thng thong t nhin s dng cc ca thng gi, chn hng gi ch
o trong nm, b tr ca theo hng n gi v ca thot theo hng xui gi.
Qu trnh thng thong cng bc b tr thm qut ht thot kh theo ng khi
cao. Tuy nhin, i vi ng khi thot gi cao, bn thn do chnh lch p sut gia hai
mt ct cng s to s thng thong t nhin.
- Gim thiu nhim t qu trnh sn xut: hn ch lng hi dung mi sinh ra
lm nh hng n cng nhn lm vic ti nhng khu vc ny, cng ty trang b khu
trang, o bo h, gng tay y cho cng nhn. Ngoi ra cn b tr qut ht nhm thng
thong mi trng trong khu vc sn xut.
+ Gim thiu ting n
Ban qun l khu ca d n s nh k kim tra, bo dng my mc thit b.
Trang b nt tai chng n cho cng nhn vin lm vic ti khu vc ting n cao.
Thit k v lp t h thng kim sot t ng gim s lng nhn vin lm vic trc
tip.
S dng vt liu cch m, gim rung cho cc loi my mc pht sinh ting n
nh: my nghin, my sy, my lm mt, my ng gi...
+ Gim thiu nhim nc thi
Nc thi sinh hot ca nh my s c x l s b bng b t hoi cc b ca
cng ty trc khi u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi ca khu cng nghip
+ Gim thiu nhim cht thi rn
thun tin cho cng tc qun l v x l cht thi rn pht sinh ng thi gim
thiu tc ng xu n mi trng, Ban qun l d n s thc hin chu o chng trnh
thu gom v phn loi rc ti ngun.
B tr y phng tin thu gom cho tng loi cht thi: c th ti ch cht thi
rn sinh hot.
Cc loi cht thi c th ti s dng (bao b, ) s ti s dng, loi cht thi
c th ti ch (giy, nylon) hoc c th tn dng hoc s c hp ng cc n v
khc x l.
Cc cht thi nguy hi s c bit ch phn ring, c qun l v x l theo
ng quy nh ca Nh nc, c bit l Quy ch Qun l cht thi nguy hi theo
Quyt nh s 155 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
VII.3. Kt lun
Vic hnh thnh d n t giai on xy dng n giai on a d n vo s dng t nhiu
cng lm nh hng n mi trng khu vc.Nhng Cng ty chng ti cho
phn tch ngun gc gy nhim v a ra cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng tiu
cc, m bo c cht lng mi trng trang tri v mi trng xung quanh trong
vng d n c lnh mnh, thng thong v khng nh d n mang tnh kh thi v mi
trng.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

CHNG VIII: TNG MC U T D N


VIII.1. C s lp tng mc u t
Tng mc u t cho d n u t Nh my sn xut vin g nn c lp da
trn cc phng n trong h s thit k c s ca d n v cc cn c sau y:
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi Nc Cng
ho X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam;
- Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip ca Quc Hi kha XII k hp th 3, s
14/2008/QH12 Ngy 03 thng 06 nm 2008;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l d
n u t v xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun l
cht lng cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP ngy 18/04/2008 ca
Chnh ph v vic sa i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
- Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l chi ph
u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit
thi hnh Lut thu gi tr gia tng;
- Ngh nh s 148/2004/N-CP ngy 23/07/2004 sa i, b sung Khon 1 iu
7 Ngh nh s 158/2003/N-CP;
- Thng t s 05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 27/05/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic
Hng dn vic lp v qun l chi ph d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- Thng t s 129/2008/TT-BTC ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh
s 123/2008/N-CP;
- Thng t 130/2008/TT-BTT ngy 26/12/2008 hng dn thi hnh mt s iu
ca Lut Thu Thu Nhp Doanh Nghip.
- Thng t s 02/2007/TTBXD ngy 14/2/2007. Hng dn mt s ni dung v:
lp, thm nh, ph duyt d n u t xy dng cng trnh; giy php xy dng v t
chc qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
- nh mc chi ph qun l d n u t xy dng
km theo Quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
- Thng t 33-2007-TT/BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2007 hng
dn quyt ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
- Thng t 203/2009/TT-BTC ca B Ti Chnh ngy 20 thng 10 nm 2010
hng dn ch qun l, s dng v trch khu hao ti sn c nh;
- Quyt nh s 101/2007/Q-UBND ngy 00 thng 00 nm 20 v vic Ban
hnh Quy nh mt s chnh sch u i, h tr u t trn a bn tnh ;
- Cc vn bn khc ca Nh nc lin quan n lp Tng mc u t, tng d
ton v d ton cng trnh.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

VIII.2. Ni dung tng mc u t


VIII.2.1. Ni dung
Mc ch ca tng mc u t l tnh ton ton b chi ph u t xy dng D n
Nh my sn xut vin g nn , lm c s lp k hoch v qun l vn u t, xc
nh hiu qu u t ca d n.
D n s u t qua hai giai on. Giai on 1 ch u t s u t ton b nh
xng v my mc thit b hot ng vi cng sut 600-1000 tn/thng. Theo d tnh
ca ch u t, khi d n hot ng c hiu qu cao, tip tc u t giai on 2 hon
chnh h thng my mc tng cng sut ln khong t 2500-3000 tn/thng.
Tng mc u t ca d n bao gm: Chi ph xy dng v lp t, Chi ph my
mc thit b; Chi ph qun l d n; Chi ph u t xy dng
v cc khon chi ph khc; D phng ph (bao gm tr li vay trong thi gian xy dng).
Chi ph xy dng v lp t
Chi ph xy dng bao gm xy dng nh xng sn xut, nh kho cha hng, nh
vn phng, nh ngh cng nhn, cn tin, cnh quan khu vc chung v cc cng trnh ph
tr.
Bng cc hng mc xy dng

STT

HNG MC

VT

I
1

Chi ph xy dng
Nh thp tin ch cha
my mc
Nh thp tin ch nguyn
liu thnh phm
Nh vn phng
Nh ngh cng nhn
Cn tin
Nh WC
Cnh quan khu vc chung
Hng ro, cng

m
2
m

25,000
1,200

2,000

2,200

11,770,000
2,640,000

1,200

2,000

2,200

2,640,000

300
300
300
300
1
1

4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
100,000
1,000,000

4,400
4,400
4,400
4,400
110,000
1,100,000

1,320,000
1,320,000
1,320,000
1,320,000
110,000
1,100,000

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

m
2
m
2
m
2
m

SL

n gi
trc thu

n gi
sau thu

Thnh tin
(VN)

Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph mua my mc thit b phc v sn xut bao gm 2 giai on :
Bng cc my mc thit b u t

VT : 1,000
STT

HNG MC

II

Chi ph my mc thit b giai


on 1
H thng dy chuyn my p vin
+H thng bm g chip
+H thng nghin mn ca
+H thng sy dng quay
+My nn vin g
+H thng lm mt
+H thng ng bao b
+H thng iu khin
+Cc bng chuyn, vt ti v cc b
phn khc.
Xe ti Huyndai 2.5T
Xe nng 2.5T
Trm cn in t 60T (cng ngh
M)
My bin p HAVEC 400 KVA
H thng PCCC
My mc u t thm giai on 2
TNG U T (2 giai on)

2
3
4
5
6
III

VT

n gi
trc thu

n gi
sau thu

Thnh tin
(VN)

11,302,000

12,432,200

13,279,200

10,000,000

11,000,000

11,000,000

HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1

chic
chic
trm

2
2
1

450,000
320,000
240,000

495,000
352,000
264,000

990,000
704,000
264,000

ci
HT

1
1

242,000
50,000
5,000,000

266,200
55,000
5,500,000

266,200
55,000
5,500,000
30,549,200

SL

Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph qun l d n tnh theo nh mc chi ph qun l d n u t xy dng
Chi ph qun l d n bao gm cc chi ph t chc thc hin cc cng vic
qun l d n t giai on chun b d n, thc hin d n n khi hon thnh nghim
thu bn giao cng trnh vo khai thc s dng, bao gm:
+ Chi ph t chc lp d n u t
+ Chi ph t chc thm nh d n u t, tng mc u t; chi ph t chc thm
tra thit k k thut, thit k bn v thi cng v d ton xy dng cng trnh.
+ Chi ph t chc la chn nh thu trong hot ng xy dng;

+ Chi ph t chc qun l cht lng, khi lng, tin v qun l chi ph xy
dng cng trnh;
+ Chi ph t chc m bo an ton v v sinh mi trng ca cng trnh;
+ Chi ph t chc nghim thu, thanh ton, quyt ton hp ng; thanh ton, quyt
ton vn u t xy dng cng trnh;
+ Chi ph t chc nghim thu, bn giao cng trnh;
+ Chi ph khi cng, khnh thnh;
Chi ph qun l d n = (GXL+GTB)*2.191% =669,437,000(3)
GXL: Chi ph xy lp
GTB: Chi ph thit b, my mc
Chi ph u t xy dng
Bao gm:
- Chi ph lp d n u t;
- Chi ph lp thit k cng trnh;
- Chi ph thm tra thit k bn v thi cng, tnh hiu qu v tnh kh thi ca d n
u t, d ton xy dng cng trnh;
Chi ph lp h s yu cu, h s mi s tuyn, h s mi thu v chi ph phn tch
nh gi h s xut, h s d s tuyn, h s d thu la chn nh thu,nh thu
thi cng xy dng, nh thu cung cp vt t thit b, tngthu xy dng;
Chi ph gim st kho st xy dng, gim st thi cng xy dng v gim st lp t
thit b;
V cc khon chi ph khc nh: Chi ph qun l chi ph u t xy dng: tng mc
u t, d ton, nh mc xy dng, n gi xy dng cng trnh, hp ng; Chi ph
qun l d n;
Chi ph lp d n = (GXL + GTB) x 0.751% = 229,534,000
Chi ph thm tra d ton = GXL x 0.231% = 27,189,000
Chi ph lp HSMT xy lp = GXL x 0.268% = 31,562,000
Chi ph lp HSMT mua my mc thit b: GTB x 0.351% = 65,829,000
Chi ph gim st thi cng lp t thit b: GTB x 0.794% = 149,178,000
Chi ph u t xy dng = 503,292,000 (4)
Chi ph khc
Chi ph khc bao gm cc chi ph cn thit khng thuc chi ph xy dng; chi ph
thit b; chi ph qun l d n v chi ph u t xy dng ni trn:
Chi ph bo him cng trnh;
Chi ph kim ton, thm tra, ph duyt quyt ton vn u t;
Chi ph lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng;
Chi ph bo him xy dng = GXL x 1.5% = 176,550,000
Chi ph kim ton= (GXL +GTB) x 0.314% = 95,924,000

Chi ph thm tra, ph duyt quyt ton vn u t = (GXL+GTB) x 0,197% =


60,182,000
Chi ph l p bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng = 55,000,000
Chi ph khc =387,656,000 (5)
Chi ph thu t
Theo cc chnh sch u i u t vo khu kinh t ca tnh nh khu
cng nghip,ch u t c hng u i min tin thu t trong 11 nm
u tin hot ng. V vy chi ph t ch u t b ra cng gim bt, d tnh chi ph ny
khong 9,169,875,000 ng.
D phng ph
D phng ph bng 10% chi ph xy lp, chi ph thit b, chi ph qun l d n, chi
ph u t xy dng v chi ph khc ph hp vi Thng t s
05/2007/TT-BXD ngy 25/07/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic Hng dn lp v qun l
chi ph d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
Chi ph d phng= (GXl+ Gtb+Gqlda+Gtv+G)*10%=2,101,728,000 (7)
VIII.2.2. Kt qu tng mc u t

Bng Tng mc u t
ST
T

HNG MC

Chi ph xy dng

II
III
IV

Chi ph my mc thit b (2 giai on)


Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph u t xy dng

1
4
5
6
8
V
1
2
3
4
VI
VII

Chi ph lp d n
Chi ph thm tra d ton
Chi ph lp HSMT xy lp
Chi ph lp HSMT mua sm thit b
Chi ph gim st lp t thit b
Chi ph khc
Chi ph bo him xy dng
Chi ph kim ton
Chi ph thm tra ph duyt quyt ton
Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
Chi ph thu t
CHI PH D PHNG

GT
T C
THU

VA
T

GT
SAU
THU

CHNG IX: NGU N VN THC HIN D N


IX.1. Ngun vn u t ca d n
IX.1.1. Cu trc ngun vn v phn b vn u t
VT : 1,000
Khon mc chi ph

Thnh tin
trc thu

VAT

Thnh tin sau


thu

Chi ph xy lp
Chi ph my mc thit b
Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph u t xy dng
Chi ph khc
Chi ph thu t
D phng ph
Cng
Li vay trong thi gian xy dng
Tng mc u t

IX.1.2. Tin s dng vn


ST
T
1

Hng mc
Chi ph xy lp

Chi ph my mc thit b

3
4

Chi ph qun l d n
Chi ph u t xy dng

5
6
7

Chi ph khc
Chi ph thu t
D phng ph
Cng

Giai on
1

11,770,00
0
13,279,20
0
669,437
503,292
387,656
9,169,875
2,109,822
37,889,28
3

Giai
on 2

5,500,00
0

5,500,00
0

Tng cng

11,770,00
0
18,779,20
0
669,437
503,292
387,656
9,169,875
2,109,822
43,389,28
3

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

IX.1.3. Ngun vn thc hin d n


Theo d kin, tin s dng vn cng c phn b theo cc giai on u t
ca d n.
Giai on 1: Qu I/2013
VT: 1,000
STT
1
2

Hng mc
Giai on 1
TNG
T l (%)
Vn ch s hu
26,522,498 26,522,498
70%
Vn vay ngn hng 11,366,785 11,366,785
30%
Cng 37,889,283 37,889,283
100%

Trong giai on 1, vi tng mc u t 37,889,283,000 ng (Ba mi by t by


trm mi chin triu hai trm chin ba ngn ng).
Trong : Ch u t b vn 70% tng u t tng ng vi s tin
26,522,498,000 ng. Ngoi ra cng ty d nh vay ca Ngn hng 30% trn tng vn
u t, tc tng s tin cn vay l 11,366,785,000 ng. Ngun vn vay ny d kin vay
trong thi gian 5 nm 3 thng vi li sut d kin theo mc li sut chung hin nay l 15
%/nm.
Phng thc vay vn: n gc c n hn trong thi gian xy dng. Bt u tr
n t khi d n i vo hot ng qu II/2013. Theo phng thc tr n theo u mi qu
v tr li vay theo d n u k mi thng.
Trong thi gian xy dng s tr ton b li vay cha tr vn gc v cha c
ngun doanh thu vi tng li vay trong thi gian xy dng l 275,606,000 ng. Li vay
trong thi gian xy dng c chi tr bng s tin ca ch s hu.
Giai on 2: Qu IV/2017
Trong giai on u t b sung hon chnh my mc thit b, ch u t t b
thm 5,500,000,000 ng.
Qua hoch nh ngun doanh thu, chi ph v li vay theo k hoch tr n cho thy
d n hot ng hiu qu, c kh nng tr n ng hn rt cao, mang li li nhun ln
cho nh u t v cc i tc hp tc nh ngn hng.
K hoch vay tr n theo cc k c th hin c th qua bng k hoch vay tr
n trong phn ph lc.

IX.1.4. Phng n hon tr vn vay v chi ph li vay


Phng n hon tr vn vay c xut trong d n ny l phng n tr li v
n gc nh k hng nm t khi bt u hot ng d n. Phng n hon tr vn vay
c th hin c th ti bng sau:

T l vn vay
S tin vay
Thi hn vay
n hn
Li vay
Thi hn tr n

VT: 1,000
30%
11,366,785
63
thng
3
thng
15%
/nm
58
thng
Bng lch tr n

4/1/2013

D n u
k
11,366,785

Tr n trong
k
713,149

5/1/2013
6/1/2013
7/1/2013
8/1/2013

10,798,446
10,798,446
10,798,446
10,230,106

133,132
137,569
701,471
130,329

9/1/2013
10/1/2013

10,230,106
10,230,106

130,329
694,464

11/1/2013
12/1/2013
1/1/2014
2/1/2014

9,661,767
9,661,767
9,661,767
9,093,428

123,088
119,118
691,428
115,848

3/1/2014
4/1/2014
5/1/2014

9,093,428
9,093,428
8,525,089

104,637
684,187
105,104

6/1/2014
7/1/2014
8/1/2014

8,525,089
8,525,089
7,956,749

108,607
673,443
101,367

9/1/2014
10/1/2014

7,956,749
7,956,749

101,367
666,436

11/1/2014
12/1/2014
1/1/2015
2/1/2015

7,388,410
7,388,410
7,388,410
6,820,071

94,126
91,090
662,466
86,886

Ngy

144,810

D n cui
k
10,798,446

133,132
137,569
133,132
130,329

10,798,446
10,798,446
10,230,106
10,230,106

130,329
126,125

10,230,106
9,661,767

123,088
119,118
123,088
115,848

9,661,767
9,661,767
9,093,428
9,093,428

568,339

104,637
115,848
105,104

9,093,428
8,525,089
8,525,089

568,339

108,607
105,104
101,367

8,525,089
7,956,749
7,956,749

101,367
98,097

7,956,749
7,388,410

94,126
91,090
94,126
86,886

7,388,410
7,388,410
6,820,071
6,820,071

Tr n
gc
568,339

568,339

568,339

568,339

568,339

568,339

Tr li vay

3/1/2015
4/1/2015
5/1/2015
6/1/2015
7/1/2015
8/1/2015
9/1/2015
10/1/2015
11/1/2015
12/1/2015
1/1/2016
2/1/2016
3/1/2016

6,820,071
6,820,071
6,251,732
6,251,732
6,251,732
5,683,392
5,683,392
5,683,392
5,115,053
5,115,053
5,115,053
4,546,714
4,546,714

78,478
655,225
77,076
79,645
645,415
72,405
72,405
638,408
65,164
63,062
633,504
57,924
54,187

568,339

568,339
568,339
568,339

78,478
86,886
77,076
79,645
77,076
72,405
72,405
70,069
65,164
63,062
65,164
57,924
54,187

6,820,071
6,251,732
6,251,732
6,251,732
5,683,392
5,683,392
5,683,392
5,115,053
5,115,053
5,115,053
4,546,714
4,546,714
4,546,714

Ngy
D n u k Tr n trong k Tr n gc Tr li vay D n cui k
4/1/2016
4,546,714
626,263
568,339
57,924
3,978,375
5/1/2016
3,978,375
49,048
49,048
3,978,375
6/1/2016
3,978,375
50,683
50,683
3,978,375
7/1/2016
3,978,375
617,388
568,339
49,048
3,410,035
8/1/2016
3,410,035
43,443
43,443
3,410,035
9/1/2016
3,410,035
43,443
43,443
3,410,035
10/1/2016
3,410,035
610,381
568,339
42,042
2,841,696
11/1/2016
2,841,696
36,202
36,202
2,841,696
12/1/2016
2,841,696
35,035
35,035
2,841,696
1/1/2017
2,841,696
604,542
568,339
36,202
2,273,357
2/1/2017
2,273,357
28,962
28,962
2,273,357
3/1/2017
2,273,357
26,159
26,159
2,273,357
4/1/2017
2,273,357
597,301
568,339
28,962
1,705,018
5/1/2017
1,705,018
21,021
21,021
1,705,018
6/1/2017
1,705,018
21,721
21,721
1,705,018
7/1/2017
1,705,018
589,360
568,339
21,021
1,136,678
8/1/2017
1,136,678
14,481
14,481
1,136,678
9/1/2017
1,136,678
14,481
14,481
1,136,678
10/1/2017
1,136,678
582,353
568,339
14,014
568,339
11/1/2017
568,339
7,240
7,240
568,339
12/1/2017
568,339
7,007
7,007
568,339
1/1/2018
568,339
568,339
568,339
0
Cng
15,832,997 11,366,785
4,466,212

Hng qu ch u t phi tr vn gc cho s tin i vay l 568,339,000 ng v s


tin ny tr trong 20 qu tip theo. Cn s li vay ch u t s tr km vi li gc da
vo d n u k ca mi thng. Theo d kin th n u thng 1/2018 tc u qu
I/2018 ch u t s hon tr n ng hn cho ngn hng.
IX.2. Tnh ton chi ph ca d n
IX.2.1. Chi ph nhn cng
i ng qun l v nhn s d kin ca d n gm 38 ngi, trong :
- Ban gim c chu trch nhim qun l chung gm :
+ Gim c : 1 ngi
Chu trch nhim chnh i vi ton b hot ng ca nh my.
+ Hnh chnh nhn s : 1 ngi
Ph trch v chu trch nhim v hot ng hnh chnh, hp ng, qun l v tnh
hnh ni b nhn s, tuyn dng nhn s ca nh my, bo co trc tip cho Gim c.
- B phn k ton- tin lng: 2 ngi
Chu trch nhim cc hot ng thu - chi theo ng k hoch nh my, ng thi
chm lo chnh sch lng bng cho nhn vin.
- Trng phng: 2 ngi
Gm trng phng qun l ton b hot ng sn xut v trng phng kinh
doanh.
- Phng kinh doanh: 4 ngi
Chu trch nhim mua nguyn liu v bn sn phm, bao gm c chc nng i
ngoi tm th trng u ra mang hiu qu kinh t cao.
- K thut: 2 ngi
Bao gm 2 ca lm vic, mi nhn vin k thut s lun phin thay ca lm vic.
Chu trch nhim trng coi cc hot ng ca nh my, x l cc s c my mc.
- B phn bo v: 2 ngi
Chu trch nhim gi gn trt t chung cho ton b xng sn xut.
- Lao ng ph thng: 24 ngi
Cng nhn c lun phin thay ca lm vic, xng d kin cho hot ng thnh
2 ca sn xut m bo hot ng hiu qu.
Chi ph nhn cng hng nm bao gm lng ca cn b cng nhn vin, ph cp
v cc khon chi ph BHXH,BHYT, tr cp khc.,mi nm chi ph ny c tnh trung
bnh khong 437,220,000 ng, lng nhn vin tng khong 8%/nm. Chi lng c th
nh bng sau:

TT

Chc danh

I
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
II

Qun l
Gim c
Hnh chnh nhn s
K ton tin lng
Trng phng
Phng kinh doanh
K thut
Bo v
Cng nhn trc
tip
Cng nhn
TNG CNG

S
lng

14
1
1
2
2
4
2
2
24
24
38

ng
c bn

Ph
cp

10,000 2,000
5,000
500
4,000
500
8,000
500
5,000
500
8,000
500
3,000
500

3,000

500

Tng
lng
thng

Chi ph
BHXH,
BHYT
(thng)

VT: 1,000
Tng
Chi ph
lng
BHXH,
nm
BHYT
(nm)

89,500
12,000
5,500
9,000
17,000
22,000
17,000
7,000
84,000

18,795 1,163,500
2,520
156,000
1,155
71,500
1,890
117,000
3,570
221,000
4,620
286,000
3,570
221,000
1,470
91,000
17,640 1,092,000

225,540
30,240
13,860
22,680
42,840
55,440
42,840
17,640
211,680

84,000
173,500

17,640 1,092,000
36,435 2,255,500

211,680
437,220

Nhu cu thu nhn cng khi nh my i vo hot ng n nh vi cng


sut ti a. Trong cc nm u tin, nhu cu thu mn nhn cng ph thuc vo cng
sut hot ng ca nh my.
IX.2.2. Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph hot ng bao gm cc chi ph sau:
Chi ph qung co
Vic qung co rt quan trng vi d n, v sn phm vin g nn ch yu nhp
sang th trng nc ngoi cn c mt website p v chuyn nghip v kho st th
trng cng kh cao. Do , chi ph ny cng ng k, c tnh nm u khong
200,000,000 ng, cc nm sau, tng 10%/nm.
Chi ph bo tr my mc thit b
Chi ph ny c tnh bng 2% chi ph mua my mc thit b, tng 3%/ nm.
Chi ph bo him my mc, thit b
Chi ph mua bo him cho cc loi my mc, thit b s dng bng 1% gi tr my
mc thit b, chi ph ny tng 2%/nm.
Chi ph vn chuyn
Chi ph ny bao gm c vic nhp hng v xut hng, c tnh chim 3% doanh
thu/nm.

Chi ph qu phc li, BHYT, BHXH, tr cp tht nghip, khen thng


Theo quy nh, chi ph ny khong 25% chi ph lng, chi ph ny theo quy nh
gm 21% chi BHYT, BHXH v 4% chi cho cc khon tr cp khen thng, c tnh nm
u tin khong 473,655,000 ng/nm.
Chi ph vn phng phm, in thoi
Cc hot ng ca nh xng cn cc phng tin hot ng, s sch lu gi v
thng tin lin lc, do nh my cn c thm chi ph ny. Mi nm chi cho vic mua
sm vn phng, in thoi khong 0.5% doanh thu.
Chi ph nguyn vt liu v nng lng (in, nhit nng)
Theo tnh ton, to ra 1 tn thnh phm cn n 1.1 tn nguyn liu mn ca,
g thng, keo, din v nhit in( Than ), d kin tng 8%/nm. Bng chi ph nguyn
vt liu
NM
Hng mc
Chi ph nguyn vt liu
(g, mn ca)
G, mn ca(tn)
n gi (/tn)
Chi ph tin in
in (kw)
n gi (/kw)
Chi ph nhit nng
Nhit nng (tn than )
n gi (/tn)
TNG CHI PH
NGUYN VT LIU

2013
1
7,728,000

2014
2
11,057,480

2015
3
11,824,999

2016
4
12,606,763

2017
5
13,402,980

9,660
800
1,324,800
1,104,000
1.2
861,120
414
2,080
9,913,920

13,685
808
1,895,568
1,564,000
1.2
1,232,119
587
2,101
14,185,167

14,490
816
2,027,143
1,656,000
1.2
1,317,643
621
2,122
15,169,785

15,295
824
2,161,159
1,748,000
1.2
1,404,754
656
2,143
16,172,676

16,100
832
2,297,654
1,840,000
1.2
1,493,475
690
2,164
17,194,108

Chi ph ny
khcchim 5% cc loi chi ph t d n.
BNG TNG HP CHI PH HOT NG CA D N

Nm
1
2
3
4

Hng mc
Chi ph qung co
Chi ph bo tr my mc thit b
Ph bo him
Chi ph vn chuyn

Nm 2013
1
200,000
132,792
132,792
510,164

Nm 2014
2
220,000
265,584
136,776
791,071

Nm 2015
3
242,000
273,552
140,879
868,067

Nm 2016
4
266,200
281,758
145,105
925,745

Nm 2017
5
292,820
290,211
149,459
984,489

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn
5 Qu phc li, bo him tht
nghip, tr cp, khen thng
6 Vn phng phm, in thoi
7 Chi ph nguyn vt liu
8 Chi ph khc
TNG CNG

473,655

487,865

502,501

517,576

533,103

85,027
131,845
144,678
154,291
164,081
9,913,920 14,185,167 15,169,785 16,172,676 17,194,108
572,418
810,915
867,073
923,168
980,414
12,020,768 17,029,223 18,208,534 19,386,518 20,588,684

IX.2.3. Gi thnh sn phm


VT: 1,000

NM
Hng mc

2013
1

Chi ph nguyn vt liu


Lng cng nhn vin
Khu hao thit b, my mc
Chi ph sn xut trc tip
Sn phm sn xut
Gi thnh sn phm

2014
2

2015
3

2016
4

2017
5

9,913,920 14,185,167 15,169,785 16,172,676 17,194,108


1,804,400 1,917,175 2,029,950 2,142,725 2,255,500
1,877,920 1,877,920 1,877,920 1,877,920 1,877,920
13,596,240 17,980,262 19,077,655 20,193,321 21,327,528
6,900
9,775
10,350
10,925
11,500
1,970
1,839
1,843
1,848
1,855

IX.2.4. Phn tch nhy theo gi bn xut khu


V sn phm ch yu c sn xut bn cho th trng nc ngoi, t l xut khu
chim 80% nn phn ln doanh thu ca d n s ph thuc vo th trng nc ngoi. V
th tin hnh phn tch gi bn xut khu cho sn phm t , d n c chin lc
kinh doanh ph hp.
Gi bn xut khu
NPV
IRR

2,923
40,736,298
38%

2,300
(1,948,611)
20%

Gi bn xut khu
NPV
IRR

2,923
40,736,298
38%

3,100
52,863,471
43%

2,320
(578,309)
21%

2,330
106,842
21%

3,200
59,714,981
46%

2,923
40,736,298
38%

3,300
66,566,491
49%

Kt qu phn tch trn cho thy, gi sn phm xut khu bn t 2,330,000


ng/tn tr ln th d n bt u t hiu qu.

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

CHNG X: HIU QU KINH T -TI CHNH


X.1. Cc gi nh kinh t v c s tnh ton
Cc thng s gi nh trn dng tnh ton hiu qu kinh t ca d n trn c s
tnh ton ca cc d n trin khai, cc vn bn lin quan n gi bn, cc ti liu cung
cp t Ch u t, c th nh sau:
- Thi gian hot ng ca d n l 15 nm v i vo hot ng t qu II nm
2013;
- Vn ch s hu 70%, vn vay 30%;
- Cc h thng my mc thit b cn u t m bo cho d n hot ng tt;
- Doanh thu ca d n thu c t sn phm vin nn g xut khu v bn trong
nc;
- Chi ph khu hao Ti sn c nh: p dng phng php khu hao theo ng
thng, thi gian khu hao s c tnh ph thuc vo thi gian d bo thu hi vn. Trong
tnh ton p dng thi gian khu hao theo ph lc nh km.
- Li sut vay i vi ni t tm tnh: 15%/nm;
- Thu thu nhp doanh nghip (25%) ca d n thu sut u i ca khu cng
nghip min thu 4 nm hot ng u tin, gim 50% trong 9 nm tip theo
ca d n.
X.2. Doanh thu t d n
Da trn cng sut v k hoch sn xut kinh doanh ca d n, cng nh nhu cu
ca th trng trong v ngoi nc, doanh nghip tm tnh doanh thu ca d n nh sau :
Sn phm ca d n
D n u t vi hai giai on hot ng, cng sut c nng cao sau khi u t
hon chnh. Bng cng sut hot ng nh sau:
Thi gian
Giai on 1
Giai on 2

Sn lng
(tn/nm)
11,500
34,500

Vin g nn
Vin g nn l sn phm thng dng dng lt chung tri, dng si m, dng
trong cc l t cng nghip, dn dng... c cc nc a chung, doanh thu ca sn
phm ny c c t hai ngun l xut khu v tiu th trong nc.
T l xut khu chim a s cc sn phm lm ra, tm tnh trung bnh t l ny
chim 80%.
Doanh thu = s lng sn xut/nm * t l xut khu + s lng sn xut/nm *
t l tiu th trong nc

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Sau y l bng tng hp doanh thu ca d n qua cc nm:

STT

STT

Giai on 1
2015

NM
2013
2014
2016
2017
TN SN
1
2
3
4
5
PHM
Hiu sut sn
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
xut
Khi lng sn
6,900
9,775
10,350
10,925
11,500
xut (tn)
Khi lng tn
690
978
1,035
1,093
1,150
kho
Khi lng sn
6,210
8,798
9,315
9,833
10,350
xut bn trong
nm
Xut khu
14,521,464 22,814,833 25,134,681 26,805,983 28,508,198
+ T l xut
80%
80%
80%
80%
80%
khu
2,923
2,952
2,982
3,012
3,042
+ n gi
+ Khi lng
4,968
7,728
8,430
8,901
9,373
(tn)
Tiu th trong
2,484,000
3,554,190
3,800,893
4,052,174
4,308,101
nc
+ T l tiu th
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
trong nc
+ n gi
2,000
2,020
2,040
2,061
2,081
+ Khi lng
1,242
1,760
1,863
1,967
2,070
(tn)
TNG CNG
17,005,464 26,369,023 28,935,574 30,858,157 32,816,298

NM
TN SN
PHM
Hiu sut sn
xut
Khi lng sn
xut (tn)
Khi lng tn
Kho
Khi lng sn
xut bn trong
nm

2018

2019

Giai on 2
2020

2021

2022

10

80%

85%

85%

90%

90%

27,600

29,325

29,325

31,050

31,050

2,760

2,933

2,933

3,105

3,105

24,840

26,393

26,393

27,945

27,945

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Xut khu
+ T l xut khu
+ n gi
+ Khi lng
(tn)
Tiu th trong
nc
+ T l tiu th
trong nc
+ n
gi
+ Khi lng
(tn)
TNG CNG

64,581,736 74,076,806 75,358,163 80,042,911 81,394,795


80%
80%
80%
80%
80%
3,072
3,103
3,134
3,165
3,197
21,022
23,874
24,047
25,289
25,461
10,442,836

11,206,468

11,318,533

12,104,172

12,225,214

20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

2,102

2,123

2,144

2,166

2,187

4,968

5,279

5,279

5,589

5,589

75,024,572

85,283,274

86,676,696

92,147,083

93,620,009

X.3. Cc ch tiu kinh t ca d n


Bo co thu nhp ca d n:
VT: 1,000
Nm

Nm 2013

Nm 2014

Nm 2015

Nm 2016

Nm 2017

Hng mc

Doanh thu

17,005,464

26,369,023 28,935,574 30,858,157 32,816,298

Tng Chi ph

15,824,505

23,436,541 24,387,623 25,339,247 26,311,317

Chi ph thu t

235,125

235,125

235,125

235,125

235,125

Chi ph sx kinh doanh

9,616,614

Chi ph khu hao

2,990,735

2,990,735

2,990,735

2,990,735

2,990,735

Chi ph li vay

1,177,630

1,264,282

923,279

584,144

241,272

Lng nhn vin

1,804,400

1,917,175

2,029,950

2,142,725

2,255,500

Li nhun trc thu

1,180,959

2,932,483

4,547,950

5,518,910

6,504,982

Thu TNDN (25%)

813,123

Li nhun sau thu

1,180,959

2,932,483

4,547,950

5,518,910

5,691,859

17,029,223 18,208,534 19,386,518 20,588,684

Doanh thu ca d n tng ln mi nm do cng sut hot ng ca nh my ngy


cng tng, tm ngun th trng tiu th lu di. Ban qun l d n cng t ra cc
phng n sn xut hp l nh my c th hot ng n nh, hiu qu v lu bn
cng vi d n.

Bng bo co ngn lu theo quan im tng u t

Nm
NGN U VO
Doanh thu
Gi tr ti sn thanh l
cn li
Thay i khon phi thu
S d hng tn kho
Tng ngn lu vo
NGN U RA
Chi ph u t ban u
Chi ph hot ng
Chi ph nhn cng
Thay i khon phi tr
Tng ngn lu ra
Ngn lu rng trc thu
Thu TNDN
Ngn lu rng sau thu
H s chit khu
Hin gi ngn lu rng
Hin gi tch lu

TT
1
2
3
4

2013
1

2014
2

VT: 1,000
2015
2016
3
4

2017
5

17,005,464

26,369,023

28,935,574

30,858,157

32,816,298

(1,360,437)
1,359,624
17,004,651

(749,085)
438,402
26,058,341

(205,324)
109,739
28,839,989

(153,807)
111,567
30,815,917

(156,651)
113,421
32,773,068

17,029,223
18,208,534
19,386,518
1,917,175
2,029,950
2,142,725
(250,423)
(58,966)
(58,899)
18,695,975
20,179,518
21,470,344
7,362,366
8,660,470
9,345,573
7,362,366
8,660,470
9,345,573
0.68
0.57
0.47
5,039,001
4,903,792
4,377,841
(23,179,209) (18,275,418) (13,897,577)

5,500,000
20,588,684
2,255,500
(60,108)
28,284,076
4,488,991
4,488,991
0.39
1,739,668
(12,157,909)

37,889,283
12,020,768
1,804,400
(601,038)
51,113,412
(34,108,762)
(34,108,762)
0.83
(28,218,210)
(28,218,210)

Ch tiu
Tng mc u t
Gi tr hin ti thun NPV
T sut hon vn ni b IRR (%)
Thi gian hon vn
nh gi

Kt qu
43,389,238,000 ng
40,736,298,000 ng
38%
6 nm
Hiu qu

Thi gian phn tch hiu qu ti chnh ca d n trong vng i 15 nm k t nm


bt u xy dng v n nm thanh l.
Dng tin thu vo bao gm: tng doanh thu hng nm; ngun thu t vn vay ngn
hng; gi tr ti sn thanh l.
Dng tin chi ra gm: cc khon chi u t ban u nh xy lp,mua sm MMTB;
chi ph hot ng hng nm (khng bao gm chi ph khu hao); chi ph nhn cng; chi tr
n vay ngn hng gm c li vay v vn gc; tin thu np cho ngn sch Nh Nc

D n: Nh my sn xut vin g nn

Vi chi ph s dng vn trung bnh ca d n WACC = 23%


Da vo kt qu ngn lu vo v ngn lu ra, ta tnh c cc ch s ti chnh, v
kt qu cho thy:
Hin gi thu nhp thun ca d n l :NPV = 40,736,298,000 ng >0
Sut sinh li ni ti l: IRR = 38%
Thi gian hon vn tnh l 6 nm
Qua qu trnh hoch nh, phn tch v tnh ton cc ch s ti chnh trn cho thy
d n mang li li nhun cao cho ch u t, sut sinh li ni b cng cao hn s k
vng ca nh u t, v kh nng thu hi vn nhanh.
Bo co ngn lu theo quan im ch s hu.

Nm

2013
1

VT: 1,000
2014
2015
2
3

2016
4

2017
5

(34,108,762)
7,362,366
8,660,470
9,345,573
4,488,991
Ngn lu rng TIPV
11,366,785
Ngn lu vay v tr n
-2,882,648 -3,537,639 -3,196,636 -2,857,501
-2,514,629
Ngn lu tr n
-25,624,624
3,824,727
5,463,835
6,488,072
1,974,363
Ngn lu rng EPV
25%
Re
27,218,100
NPV
40%
IRR
Sau khi tr vn v li vay, ngn lu rng trong quan im ch s hu cng mang
li hiu qu cao cho ch d n, vi NPV = 27,218,100,000 ng v IRR = 40%. Vi
nhng ch s trn cho thy d n mang tnh kh thi cao, khng nhng xt trn quan im
tng th m cn mang li nhiu li nhun cho ring ch s hu.

X.4. nh gi hiu qu kinh t - x hi


D n nh my ch bin g c nhiu tc ng tch cc n s pht trin kinh t x
hi. ng gp vo s pht trin v tng trng ca nn kinh t quc dn ni chung v
ca khu vc ni ring. Nh nc v a phng c ngun thu ngn sch t Thu GTGT,
Thu Thu nhp doanh nghip, thu xut khu. To ra cng n vic lm cho ngi lao
ng v thu nhp cho ch u t;
Khng ch tim nng v mt th trng lnh vc mi trng, d n cn rt kh
thi qua cc thng s ti chnh nh NPV = 40,736,298,000 ng ; Sut sinh li ni b l:
IRR = 38% ; thi gian ho vn sau 6 nm k c nm xy dng. iu ny cho thy d n
mang li li nhun cao cho nh u t, nim tin ln khi kh nng thanh ton n vay cao
v thu hi vn u t nhanh. Thm vo , d n cn ng gp rt ln cho ngn sch
Nh Nc v gii quyt mt lng ln lc lng lao ng cho c nc.

CHNG XI: KT LUN V KIN NGH


XI.1. Kt lun
Vic u t xy dng Nh my sn xut vin g nn ph hp vi quy hoch tng
th pht trin kinh t - x hi, quy hoch ngnh, quy hoch xy dng ca tnh . ng thi
d n cng bo m an ninh, an ton x hi, ph hp vi cc quy nh ca php lut v
t ai v php lut khc c lin quan v nht l an ton mi trng.
Bo co thuyt minh d n Nh my sn xut vin g nn l c s nh u t
trin khai cc ngun lc pht trin.
Khng ch tim nng v kinh t, v th trng nguyn liu u vo v u ra cho
sn phm m d n cn rt kh thi qua cc thng s ti chnh. iu ny cho thy d n
mang li li nhun cao cho nh u t, to nim tin ln khi kh nng thanh ton n vay
cao v thu hi vn u t nhanh.
Thm vo , d n cn ng gp rt ln cho ngn sch Nh Nc v gii quyt
mt lng ln lc lng lao ng.
Vy d n thc hin s mang li nhiu yu t thun li nh sau:
- Mang li li ch kinh t cho ch u t.
- y l ngun nhin liu ti sinh, bn vng vi rt nhiu li ch cho cng ng v
mi trng.
- Ci thin t tng v i sng cho ngi dn
- Ph hp vi nh hng pht trin kinh t, ch trng ku gi u t ca nh
nc.
- Gp mt phn vo xu th pht trin chung ca nc ta pht trin nn kinh t xanh
v sch,gop phn vo k hoch an ninh nng lng bn vng.
- Xt v mt kinh t, cc ch tiu kinh t k thut cho thy d n thc hin s mang
li nhiu hiu qu.
XI.2. Kin ngh
Vi mong mun gp phn bo v mi trng, gim chi ph sn xut, tng li
nhun cho cc doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc, Cng ty chng ti knh ngh y ban
Nhn dn tnh , S K hoch v u t tnh v cc c quan sm xem xt ph duyt d n
chng ti tin hnh trin khai cc bc tip theo.
, ngy thng

nm 2013

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